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Long C, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Long L. High nutrient availability modulates photosynthetic performance and biochemical components of the economically important marine macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) in response to ocean acidification. Mar Environ Res 2024; 194:106339. [PMID: 38182500 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations not only change the components of inorganic carbon system in seawater, resulting in ocean acidification, but also lead to decreased seawater pH, resulting in ocean acidification. Consequently, increased inorganic carbon concentrations in seawater provide a sufficient carbon source for macroalgal photosynthesis and growth. Increased domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharge into coastal areas has led to nutrient accumulation in coastal seawaters. Combined with elevated pCO2 (1200 ppmv), increased nutrient availability always stimulates the growth of non-calcifying macroalgae, such as red economical macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Here, we evaluated the interactive effects of nutrients with elevated pCO2 on the economically important marine macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) in a factorial 21-day coupling experiment. The effects of increased nutrient availability on photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments of K. alvarezii were greater than those of pCO2 concentration. The highest Fv/Fm values (0.660 ± 0.019 and 0.666 ± 0.030, respectively) were obtained at 2 μmol L-1 of NO3-N at two pCO2 levels. Under the elevated pCO2 condition, the Chl-a content was lowest (0.007 ± 0.004 mg g-1) at 2 μmol L-1 of NO3-N and highest (0.024 ± 0.002 mg g-1) at 50 μmol L-1 of NO3-N. The phycocyanin content was highest (0.052 ± 0.012 mg g-1) at 150 μmol L-1 of NO3-N under elevated pCO2 condition. The malondialdehyde content declined from 32.025 ± 4.558 nmol g-1 to 26.660 ± 3.124 nmol g-1 with the increased nutrients at under low pCO2. To modulate suitable adjustments, soluble biochemical components such as soluble carbohydrate, soluble protein, free amino acids, and proline were abundantly secreted and were likely to protect the integrity of cellular structures under elevated nutrient availability. Our findings can serve as a reference for cultivation and bioremediation methods under future environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Long
- Marine Environmental Engineering Center, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shantou 515041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shantou 515041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, PR China.
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Xie Y, Li J, Liu Q, Gong J, Wulan T, Zhou M, Zheng Y, Shen Z. Determinants of growth and carbon accumulation of common plantation tree species in the three northern regions, China: Responses to climate and management strategies. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165831. [PMID: 37517713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Three-North (Northwest, North and Northeast) Shelter Forests Program (TNSFP) in China has effectively promoted vegetation growth and carbon sink in the temperate semi-humid and semi-arid regions. To compare the afforestation benefits of commonly used tree species in the area and explore the effect of environment on growth and carbon accumulation in plantations, backpack LiDAR was used to acquire 3 dimensional lidar point clouds of forests from a total of 480 pure plantation patches consisting of Pinus sylvestris (P.s.), Pinus tabuliformis (P.t.), Populus spp. (Pop.), and Robinia pseudoacacia (R.p.). Then, diameter at breast height (DBH), forest height, canopy coverage, and aboveground carbon accumulation were calculated for each plantation patches, which ranged from 7.0 to 37.3 cm, 1.5-14.5 m, 10-99 % and 4.2-205.9 Mg/ha, respectively. Generalized linear mixed-effect models and ANOVA were applied to account for the environmental constraints on the variations of forest parameters. Results showed that precipitation had a stronger effect on all the above parameters of plantations than temperature, and P.t. was more sensitive to climate than other three species. With regard to forest management in Pop. plantations, thinning could improve afforestation efficiency because carbon accumulation would reduce after the age exceeds 30 years. In contrast, P.s. populations maintained a continuous increase in carbon accumulation at least before 40 years old, while the radial growth of canopy became saturated after 12 years of age. The optimal planting density for P.s. and Pop. are about 1000 trees/ha, beyond which the increase in carbon accumulation will slow down or change rate of canopy coverage will be insignificant. Within the TNSFP area, P.t. and R.p. plantations would be more suitable in southern regions, while P.s. and Pop. plantations grow better in the northeastern regions. Meanwhile, mountains along the "Hu Line" showed high potential for growth and carbon accumulation for all tree species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jitang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuya Wulan
- College of Geographic Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Geographic Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Zehao Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Mensah EO, Ræbild A, Asare R, Amoatey CA, Markussen B, Owusu K, Asitoakor BK, Vaast P. Combined effects of shade and drought on physiology, growth, and yield of mature cocoa trees. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165657. [PMID: 37478928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict decreasing precipitation and increasing air temperature, causing concern for the future of cocoa in the major producing regions worldwide. It has been suggested that shade could alleviate stress by reducing radiation intensity and conserving soil moisture, but few on-farm cocoa studies are testing this hypothesis. Here, for 33 months, we subjected twelve-year cocoa plants in Ghana to three levels of rainwater suppression (full rainwater, 1/3 rainwater suppression and 2/3 rainwater suppression) under full sun or 40 % uniform shade in a split plot design, monitoring soil moisture, physiological parameters, growth, and yield. Volumetric soil moisture (ϴw) contents in the treatments ranged between 0.20 and 0.45 m3m-3 and increased under shade. Rainwater suppression decreased leaf water potentials (ѱw), reaching -1.5 MPa in full sun conditions indicating severe drought. Stomatal conductance (gs) was decreased under the full sun but was not affected by rainwater suppression, illustrating the limited control of water loss in cocoa plants. Although pre-dawn chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) indicated photoinhibition, rates of photosynthesis (Pn) were highest in full sun. On the other hand, litter fall was highest in the full sun and under water stress, while diameter growth and carbon accumulation increased in the shade but was negatively affected by rainwater suppression. Abortion of fruits and damage to pods were high under shade, but dry bean yield was higher compared to under the full sun. The absence of interactions between shade treatments and rainwater suppression suggests that shade may improve the performance of cocoa, but not sufficiently to counteract the negative effects of water stress under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Opoku Mensah
- Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box 7, Bunso, Eastern Region, Ghana.
| | - Anders Ræbild
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Asare
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB, L56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Bo Markussen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kwadwo Owusu
- Department of Geography and Resources Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bismark Kwesi Asitoakor
- Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box 7, Bunso, Eastern Region, Ghana
| | - Philippe Vaast
- UMR Eco & Sols. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
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Newman JE, Levasseur PA, Beckett P, Watmough SA. The impact of severe pollution from smelter emissions on carbon and metal accumulation in peatlands in Ontario, Canada. Environ Pollut 2023; 320:121102. [PMID: 36669721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are unique habitats that function as a carbon (C) sink and an archive of atmospheric metal deposition. Sphagnum mosses are key components of peatlands but can be adversely impacted by air pollution potentially affecting rates of C and metal accumulation in peat. In this study we evaluate how the loss of Sphagnum in peatlands close to a copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) smelter in Sudbury, Ontario affected C accumulation and metal profiles. The depth of accumulated peat formed during the 100+ year period of smelter activities also increased with distance from the smelter. Concurrently, peat bulk density decreased with distance from the smelter, which resulted in relatively similar average rates of apparent C accumulation (32-46 g/m2/yr). These rates are within the range of published values despite the historically high pollution loadings. Surface peat close to the smelters was greatly enriched in Cu and Ni, and Cu profiles in dated peat cores generally coincide with known pollution histories much better than Ni that increased well before the beginning of smelter activities likely a result of post-deposition mobility in peat cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Newman
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Patrick A Levasseur
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Peter Beckett
- School of Natural Sciences and the Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Monge-Salazar MJ, Tovar C, Cuadros-Adriazola J, Baiker JR, Montesinos-Tubée DB, Bonnesoeur V, Antiporta J, Román-Dañobeytia F, Fuentealba B, Ochoa-Tocachi BF, Buytaert W. Ecohydrology and ecosystem services of a natural and an artificial bofedal wetland in the central Andes. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155968. [PMID: 35584753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-altitude wetlands of the Central Andes, locally known as bofedales, provide important ecosystem services, particularly carbon storage, forage provisioning, and water regulation. Local communities have artificially expanded bofedales by irrigating surrounding grasslands to maximise areas for alpaca grazing. Despite their importance, biophysical processes of both natural and artificial bofedales are still poorly studied, which hinders the development of adequate management and conservation strategies. We analyse and compare the vegetation composition, hydrological variables, groundwater chemistry, and soil characteristics of a natural and an artificial bofedal of at least 10 years old in southern Peru, to understand their interrelations and the consequences for ecosystem service provisioning. We do not find statistically significant differences in the soil, water, and vegetation characteristics. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content, which we use as a proxy for carbon storage, is negatively correlated to dissolved oxygen, pH, and soil water temperature. In addition, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis shows a positive relation between plant community composition, SOC content, and water electric conductivity. Our results suggest a three-way interaction between hydrological, soil, and vegetation characteristics in the natural bofedal, which also holds for the artificial bofedal. Vegetation cover of two of the most highly nutritious species for alpaca, Lachemilla diplophylla and Lilaeopsis macloviana with 19-22% of crude protein, are weakly or not correlated to environmental variables, suggesting grazing might be obscuring these potential relationships. Given the high economic importance of alpaca breeding for local communities, expanding bofedales artificially appears an effective strategy to enhance their ecosystem services with minimal impact on the ecohydrological properties of bofedales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose Cuadros-Adriazola
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina - CONDESAN, Lima, Peru
| | - Jan R Baiker
- E(Clim) Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Asociación para la Conservación y Estudio de Montañas Andinas-Amazónicas - ACEMAA, Cusco, Peru; Regional Initiative for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel B Montesinos-Tubée
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin (BGBM), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Instituto Científico Michael Owen Dillon, Av. Jorge Chávez 610, Cercado, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Vivien Bonnesoeur
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina - CONDESAN, Lima, Peru; Regional Initiative for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru
| | - Javier Antiporta
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina - CONDESAN, Lima, Peru; Regional Initiative for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru
| | - Francisco Román-Dañobeytia
- Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecorregión Andina - CONDESAN, Lima, Peru; Regional Initiative for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru
| | - Beatriz Fuentealba
- Instituto Nacional de Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña (INAIGEM), Huaraz, Peru
| | - Boris F Ochoa-Tocachi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Regional Initiative for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru; ATUK Consultoría Estratégica, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; Forest Trends, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Wouter Buytaert
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Regional Initiative for Hydrological Monitoring of Andean Ecosystems (iMHEA), Lima, Peru; Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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6
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Uri V, Kukumägi M, Aosaar J, Varik M, Becker H, Aun K, Lõhmus K, Soosaar K, Astover A, Uri M, Buht M, Sepaste A, Padari A. The dynamics of the carbon storage and fluxes in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chronosequence. Sci Total Environ 2022; 817:152973. [PMID: 35007591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of stand age on the ecosystem's C budget, as well as the post-harvest recovery of the C storages and fluxes, a chronosequence of Scots pine stands from the clear-cut stage up to the age of 110 years was studied. An age-related trend of net primary production (NPP) demonstrated effective C accumulation in the young and middle-aged stands and their levelling out thereafter. The understorey vegetation contributed 8-46% to total NPP, being lower in the pole and middle-aged stands, but without a clear age related trend. Annual cumulative soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) demonstrated stable values along the chronosequence, varying between 3.8 and 5.4 t C ha-1 yr-1. The Rh flux of 2.9 t C ha-1 yr-1 at the clear-cut site did not exceed the corresponding value for stands. The NEP along the chronosequence followed the dynamics of the annual biomass production of the trees, peaking at the middle-aged stage and decreasing in the older stands; the NPP of the trees was the main driver directing the dynamics of NEP. There was no significant correlation between Rh and dynamics of aboveground litter or fine root production, which can partly explain why no relationship was established between annual Rh and stand age. The total ecosystem C stocks followed the same trend as cumulative tree biomass, peaking in the older stands, however, the soil C stocks varied along the chronosequence irrespective of stand age. The post-harvest C compensation point was reached at the age of 7-years and C payback occurred at a stand age of 11-12 years. Stands acted as C accumulating ecosystems and average annual C accumulation was around 2.5 t C ha-1 yr-1, except for the youngest stand and the clear-cut area which acted as C sources. In the oldest stand C budget was almost balanced, with a modest annual accumulation of 0.12 t C ha-1 yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veiko Uri
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mai Kukumägi
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Aosaar
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mats Varik
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hardo Becker
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Aun
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Lõhmus
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alar Astover
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marek Uri
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikko Buht
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Sepaste
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Allar Padari
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Kim SH, Suonan Z, Qin LZ, Kim H, Park JI, Kim YK, Lee S, Kim SG, Kang CK, Lee KS. Variability in blue carbon storage related to biogeochemical factors in seagrass meadows off the coast of the Korean peninsula. Sci Total Environ 2022; 813:152680. [PMID: 34971692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal vegetated habitats such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses, referred to as blue carbon ecosystems, play an important role in climate change mitigation by an effective CO2 capture from atmosphere and water columns and long-term organic carbon (Corg) storage in sediments. Although seagrass meadows are considered intense carbon sinks, information on regional variability in seagrass blue carbon stock and factors influencing its capacity still remain sparse. In the present study, seagrass blue carbon storage by measuring Corg stocks in sediments and living seagrass biomass, and carbon accumulation rates (CARs) in seagrass meadows were estimated along the Korean coast. Factors affecting variability in Corg stocks were also analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) regression and principal component analysis (PCA). Projected Corg stocks in sediment, extrapolated to a depth 1 m, exhibited substantial variability among sites, ranging from 49.91 to 125.71 Mg C ha-1. The majority of Corg (96-99%) was stored in sediments, whereas the contribution of living biomass was minor. PLS regression and PCA indicated that Corg stocks in seagrass meadows are strongly associated with sediment characteristics such as dry bulk density and water and mud content. Among seagrass traits, above- to below-ground biomass ratio was significantly related to the quantity of Corg stocks in seagrass meadows. Because of the high spatial variability in Corg stocks and CARs, local and regional differences in seagrass blue carbon storage should be considered to accurately assess the climate change mitigation potential of seagrass ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Le-Zheng Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hyegwang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Im Park
- Marine Eco-Technology Institute, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhui Lee
- Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul 05718, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gil Kim
- Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul 05718, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Kang
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Passos T, Penny D, Sanders C, De França E, Oliveira T, Santos L, Barcellos R. Mangrove carbon and nutrient accumulation shifts driven by rapid development in a tropical estuarine system, northeast Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 166:112219. [PMID: 33690084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove environments are important for maintaining biodiversity and carbon cycling. However, these systems are being degraded at alarming rates around the world, particularly in rapidly developing regions. Here, we examine a sediment profile from a mangrove forest near a large port complex at Suape, northeast Brazil, in order to assess the impact of rapid urbanization and industrialization. We find that total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) accumulation rates have increased in the estuary since the 1980's, directly related to rapid urban development. The TN and heavy δ15N values in the sediment column suggest increasing anthropogenic influences. In contrast, heavy metal fluxes did not increase during these transitions. The increase in TOC and TN accumulation rates during the past four decades highlight the significant role mangrove areas play as sinks for anthropogenically enhanced nutrients in poorly-understood tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Passos
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Dan Penny
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christian Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2540, Australia
| | | | - Thais Oliveira
- Departamento de Oceanografia Geológica, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos
- Departamento de Oceanografia Geológica, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Velasco E, Segovia E, Choong AMF, Lim BKY, Vargas R. Carbon dioxide dynamics in a residential lawn of a tropical city. J Environ Manage 2021; 280:111752. [PMID: 33358429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrass is an important component of the urban landscape frequently considered as an alternative land cover to offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, quantitative information of the potential to directly remove CO2 from the atmosphere by turfgrass systems is lacking, especially in the tropics. Most assessments have considered the carbon accumulated by grass shoots and soil, but not the release of CO2 to the atmosphere by soil respiration (i.e., soil CO2 efflux). Here, we measured at high-temporal resolution (30-min) soil CO2 efflux, production, and storage rate for nearly three years in a residential lawn of Singapore. Furthermore, we quantified the carbon capture related to biomass production and CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption associated with maintenance activities (e.g., mowing equipment). Warm and humid conditions resulted in relatively constant rates of soil CO2 efflux, CO2 storage in soil, and aboveground biomass production (3370, 652, 1671 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1; respectively), while the systematic use of mowing machinery emitted 27 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1. Soil CO2 efflux and CO2 mowing emissions represent carbon losses to the atmosphere, while CO2 storage in soil and biomass productivity represent gains of carbon into the ecosystem. Under a steady state in which soil CO2 losses are only compensated by atmospheric CO2 uptake by photosynthesis, an ideal clipping waste disposal management, in which no CO2 molecule returns to the atmosphere (i.e., clippings are not burnt), and a 3-week mowing regime, this site can act as a sink of 2296 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1. In the scenario of incinerating all clippings, the lawn acts as an emission source of 1046 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1. Thus, management practices that reduce mowing frequency together with clipping disposal practices that minimize greenhouse gas emissions are needed to make urban lawns a potential natural solution to mitigate global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Velasco
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore.
| | - Elvagris Segovia
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M F Choong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin K Y Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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10
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Yu C, Feng J, Liu K, Wang G, Zhu Y, Chen H, Guan D. Changes of ecosystem carbon stock following the plantation of exotic mangrove Sonneratia apetala in Qi'ao Island, China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137142. [PMID: 32070894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon storage is one of the main objectives for mangrove afforestation. Planting of the exotic species Sonneratia apetala can rapidly increase the mangrove area and biomass. Here, we studied the change in vegetation and the soil carbon stocks along the chronosequence of S. apetala plantations in Qi'ao Island, China. Five sites, including rehabilitated S. apetala of different ages (1, 4, 9, and 15 years) and 40-year-old mature native Kandelia obovata forests were investigated. Vegetation biomass and the soil carbon content from 0 to 100 cm were analyzed. The ecosystem carbon density (vegetation and soil) was then calculated. A positive and linear relationship was observed between the vegetation carbon stocks and age of S. apetala. The 15-year-old S. apetala already had a similar biomass to 40-year-old K. obovata. However, its soil and ecosystem carbon densities remained lower than those of K. obovata. Different from K. obovata, the majority of the biomass of S. apetala was reserved within the stem. Mature K. obovata had a larger proportion of soil carbon stock to ecosystem carbon stock. S. apetala can accumulate biomass rapidly, but it had a lower ecosystem carbon stock than the native mature K. obovata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianxiang Feng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Center of Integrated Geographic Information Analysis, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhu
- China Center of GeoInformatics for Public Security, School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Dongsheng Guan
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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11
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Cong J, Gao C, Han D, Li Y, Wang G. Stability of the permafrost peatlands carbon pool under climate change and wildfires during the last 150 years in the northern Great Khingan Mountains, China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 712:136476. [PMID: 31931200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands store one-third of the total global soil carbon (C.) despite covering only 3-4% of the global land surface. Most peatlands are distributed in mid-high latitude regions and are even in permafrost regions, are sensitive to climate change and are disturbed by wildfire. Although several studies have focused on the impact of historical climate change and regional human activities on the C. accumulation process in these peatlands, the impact of these factors on the stability of the C. pool remains poorly understood. Here, based on the 210Pb age-depth model, we investigated the historical variations of C. stability during the last 150 years for five typical peatlands in the northern Great Khingan Mountains (Northeast China), an area located in a permafrost region that is sensitive to climate change and to wildfires, which have clearly increased due to regional human activities. The results showed that low C. accumulation rates (CARs) and weakly C. stability in studied peatlands before 1900. While, the increasing anthropogenic wildfire frequency and the residual products (e.g. pyrogenic carbon) increased the CARs and C. stability in peatlands from 1900 to 1980. The mean July temperature is the most important climate factor for peatlands C. stability. After 1980, due to the low wildfire frequencies influenced by human policies, increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation not only increased the CARs but also markedly increased the C. stability of the peatlands C. pool in the northern Great Khingan Mountains, especially after 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China.
| | - Dongxue Han
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, 130102 Changchun, China.
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Montagnani L, Badraghi A, Speak AF, Wellstein C, Borruso L, Zerbe S, Zanotelli D. Evidence for a non-linear carbon accumulation pattern along an Alpine glacier retreat chronosequence in Northern Italy. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7703. [PMID: 31616581 PMCID: PMC6790226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glaciers in the Alps, as in other high mountain ranges and boreal zones, are generally retreating and leaving a wide surface of bare ground free from ice cover. This early stage soil is then colonized by microbes and vegetation in a process of primary succession. It is rarely experimentally examined whether this colonization process is linear or not at the ecosystem scale. Thus, to improve our understanding of the variables involved in the carbon accumulation in the different stages of primary succession, we conducted this research in three transects on the Matsch glacier forefield (Alps, N Italy) at an altitude between 2,350 and 2,800 m a.s.l. Methods In three field campaigns (July, August and September 2014) a closed transparent chamber was used to quantify the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) between the natural vegetation and the atmosphere. On the five plots established in each of the three transects, shading nets were used to determine ecosystem response function to variable light conditions. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) was partitioned from NEE. Following the final flux measurements, biometric sampling was conducted to establish soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and the biomass components for each transect. Results A clear difference was found between the earlier and the later successional stage. The older successional stages in the lower altitudes acted as a stronger C sink, where NEE, GEE and Reco were significantly higher than in the earlier successional stage. Of the two lower transects, the sink capacity of intermediate-succession plots exceeded that of the plots of older formation, in spite of the more developed soil. Total biomass (above- and belowground) approached its maximum value in the intermediate ecosystem, whilst the later stage of succession predominated in the corresponding belowground organic mass (biomass, N and C). Outlook We found that the process of carbon accumulation along a glacier retreat chronosequence is not linear, and after a quite rapid increase in carbon accumulation capacity in the first 150 years, in average 9 g C m−2 year−1, it slows down, taking place mainly in the belowground biomass components. Concurrently, the photosynthetic capacity peaks in the intermediate stage of ecosystem development. If confirmed by further studies on a larger scale, this study would provide evidence for a predominant effect of plant physiology over soil physical characteristics in the green-up phase after glacier retreat, which has to be taken into account in the creation of scenarios related to climate change and future land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Montagnani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Aysan Badraghi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrew Francis Speak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Camilla Wellstein
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefan Zerbe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Damiano Zanotelli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Mathijssen PJH, Gałka M, Borken W, Knorr KH. Plant communities control long term carbon accumulation and biogeochemical gradients in a Patagonian bog. Sci Total Environ 2019; 684:670-681. [PMID: 31158628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peat carbon accumulation is controlled by both large scale factors, such as climate and hydrological setting, and small scale factors, such as microtopography and plant community. These small scale factors commonly vary within peatlands and can cause variation in biogeochemical traits and carbon accumulation within the same site. To understand these within-site variations, we investigated long term carbon accumulation, peat decomposition, biogeochemistry of pore water and plant macrofossils along a transect in an ombrotrophic bog in southern Patagonia. An additional question we addressed is how historical deposition of volcanic ash on the peatland has affected its carbon balance. Variability in plant community and water table led to differences in long term peat and carbon accumulation (peat moss > cushion plant), organic matter decomposition (cushion plant > peat moss), and methane production (peat moss > cushion plant). Macrofossil analysis and radiocarbon dating indicated a relationship between plant community and carbon accumulation or decomposition during the historical succession of vegetation in the peatland. C/N ratio and isotopic signatures reflected variability in plant community as litter source, and DOC concentrations were controlled by humification level. Volcanic ash deposition had only limited effect on plant composition, but it was associated with increased decomposition in overlying peat layers. This study highlights the importance of understanding how plant communities develop, as changes in communities could significantly affect the potential of ombrotrophic peatlands as C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J H Mathijssen
- WWU Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Mariusz Gałka
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., Lodz, Poland
| | - Werner Borken
- University of Bayreuth, Dept. of Soil Ecology, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- WWU Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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14
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Pérez A, Machado W, Gutiérrez D, Borges AC, Patchineelam SR, Sanders CJ. Carbon accumulation and storage capacity in mangrove sediments three decades after deforestation within a eutrophic bay. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 126:275-280. [PMID: 29421098 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dated sediment core from an eutrophic mangrove area presented non-significant differences in carbon accumulation rates before (55.7±10.2gm-2yr-1) and after three decades of deforestation (59.7±7.2gm-2yr-1). Although eutrophication effects appear to compensate the loss of mangrove organic matter input, the results in this work show a threefold lower carbon accumulation than the global averages estimated for mangrove sediments. The effects of increasing eutrophication and enhanced sediment dry bulk density observed after deforestation (~30% higher) did not result in higher carbon stocks. Moreover, the lower TOC:OP (<400) and C:N (~20) molar ratios, as well as increased nutrient accumulation, reflect the dominance of phytoplankton-derived organic matter after deforestation, resulting in less-efficient sedimentary carbon sinks. These results indicate that the organic material deposited from eutrophication may not compensate mangrove deforestation losses on carbon accumulation in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Geoquímica, Rua Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| | - W Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Geoquímica, Rua Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Gutiérrez
- Dirección General de Investigaciones en Oceanografía y Cambio Climático, Instituto del Mar del Perú, Av. Gamarra y General Valle, s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - A C Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Geoquímica, Rua Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - S R Patchineelam
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Geoquímica, Rua Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - C J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhou B, Serret MD, Elazab A, Bort Pie J, Araus JL, Aranjuelo I, Sanz-Sáez Á. Wheat ear carbon assimilation and nitrogen remobilization contribute significantly to grain yield. J Integr Plant Biol 2016; 58:914-926. [PMID: 26990448 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of wheat ears as a source of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in the grain filling process has barely been studied. To resolve this question, five wheat genotypes were labeled with 15 N-enriched nutrient solution. N remobilization and absorption were estimated via the nitrogen isotope composition of total organic matter and Rubisco. Gas exchange analyses showed that ear photosynthesis contributed substantially to grain filling in spite of the great loss of C due to respiration. Of the total kernel N, 64.7% was derived from the N acquired between sowing and anthesis, while the remaining 35.3% was derived from the N acquired between anthesis and maturity. In addition, 1.87 times more N was remobilized to the developing kernel from the ear than from the flag leaf. The higher yielding genotypes showed an increased N remobilization to the kernel compared to the lower yielding genotypes. In addition, the higher yielding genotypes remobilized more N from the ears to the kernel than the lower yielding genotypes, while the lower yielding genotypes remobilized more N from the flag leaf to the kernel. Therefore, the ears contribute significantly toward fulfilling C and N demands during grain filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdelhalim Elazab
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bort Pie
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Agrobiotechnology Institute, Public University of Navarra-CSIC-Navarra Government, Arrosadia Campus, E-31192-Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sanz-Sáez
- Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Sanders CJ, Santos IR, Maher DT, Breithaupt JL, Smoak JM, Ketterer M, Call M, Sanders L, Eyre BD. Examining (239+240)Pu, (210)Pb and historical events to determine carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus burial in mangrove sediments of Moreton Bay, Australia. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 3:623-629. [PMID: 26004816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two sediment cores were collected in a mangrove forest to construct geochronologies for the previous century using natural and anthropogenic radionuclide tracers. Both sediment cores were dated using (239+240)Pu global fallout signatures as well as (210)Pb, applying both the Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) and the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) models. The (239+240)Pu and CIC model are interpreted as having comparable sediment accretion rates (SAR) below an apparent mixed region in the upper ∼5 to 10 cm. In contrast, the CRS dating method shows high sediment accretion rates in the uppermost intervals, which is substantially reduced over the lower intervals of the 100-year record. A local anthropogenic nutrient signal is reflected in the high total phosphorus (TP) concentration in younger sediments. The carbon/nitrogen molar ratios and δ(15)N values further support a local anthropogenic nutrient enrichment signal. The origin of these signals is likely the treated sewage discharge to Moreton Bay which began in the early 1970s. While the (239+240)Pu and CIC models can only produce rates averaged over the intervals of interest within the profile, the (210)Pb CRS model identifies elevated rates of sediment accretion, organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), and TP burial from 2000 to 2013. From 1920 to 2000, the three dating methods provide similar OC, N and TP burial rates, ∼150, 10 and 2 g m(-2) year(-1), respectively, which are comparable to global averages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, 2450 NSW, Australia.
| | - Isaac R Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, 2450 NSW, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and, Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua L Breithaupt
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph M Smoak
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Geography, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Ketterer
- Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Mitchell Call
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and, Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luciana Sanders
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University GeoScience, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley D Eyre
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and, Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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Cunniff J, Purdy SJ, Barraclough TJ, Castle M, Maddison AL, Jones LE, Shield IF, Gregory AS, Karp A. High yielding biomass genotypes of willow ( Salix spp.) show differences in below ground biomass allocation. Biomass Bioenergy 2015; 80:114-127. [PMID: 26339128 PMCID: PMC4547486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Willows (Salix spp.) grown as short rotation coppice (SRC) are viewed as a sustainable source of biomass with a positive greenhouse gas (GHG) balance due to their potential to fix and accumulate carbon (C) below ground. However, exploiting this potential has been limited by the paucity of data available on below ground biomass allocation and the extent to which it varies between genotypes. Furthermore, it is likely that allocation can be altered considerably by environment. To investigate the role of genotype and environment on allocation, four willow genotypes were grown at two replicated field sites in southeast England and west Wales, UK. Above and below ground biomass was intensively measured over two two-year rotations. Significant genotypic differences in biomass allocation were identified, with below ground allocation differing by up to 10% between genotypes. Importantly, the genotype with the highest below ground biomass also had the highest above ground yield. Furthermore, leaf area was found to be a good predictor of below ground biomass. Growth environment significantly impacted allocation; the willow genotypes grown in west Wales had up to 94% more biomass below ground by the end of the second rotation. A single investigation into fine roots showed the same pattern with double the volume of fine roots present. This greater below ground allocation may be attributed primarily to higher wind speeds, plus differences in humidity and soil characteristics. These results demonstrate that the capacity exists to breed plants with both high yields and high potential for C accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cunniff
- Agroecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Sarah J. Purdy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Tim J.P. Barraclough
- Agroecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - March Castle
- Agroecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Anne L. Maddison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Laurence E. Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Ian F. Shield
- Agroecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Andrew S. Gregory
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Angela Karp
- Agroecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
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