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Szymanowicz O, Drużdż A, Słowikowski B, Pawlak S, Potocka E, Goutor U, Konieczny M, Ciastoń M, Lewandowska A, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. A Review of the CACNA Gene Family: Its Role in Neurological Disorders. Diseases 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38785745 PMCID: PMC11119137 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium channels are specialized ion channels exhibiting selective permeability to calcium ions. Calcium channels, comprising voltage-dependent and ligand-gated types, are pivotal in neuronal function, with their dysregulation is implicated in various neurological disorders. This review delves into the significance of the CACNA genes, including CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, and CACNA1H, in the pathogenesis of conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, and cerebellar atrophy. Specifically, variants in CACNA1A have been linked to familial hemiplegic migraine and epileptic seizures, underscoring its importance in neurological disease etiology. Furthermore, different genetic variants of CACNA1B have been associated with migraine susceptibility, further highlighting the role of CACNA genes in migraine pathology. The complex relationship between CACNA gene variants and neurological phenotypes, including focal seizures and ataxia, presents a variety of clinical manifestations of impaired calcium channel function. The aim of this article was to explore the role of CACNA genes in various neurological disorders, elucidating their significance in conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, and cerebellar ataxias. Further exploration of CACNA gene variants and their interactions with molecular factors, such as microRNAs, holds promise for advancing our understanding of genetic neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Artur Drużdż
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital in Poznan, 61-285 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Sandra Pawlak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Ewelina Potocka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Ulyana Goutor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Mateusz Konieczny
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Ciastoń
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
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2
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Chichorro JG, Gambeta E, Baggio DF, Zamponi GW. Voltage-gated Calcium Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Migraine. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104514. [PMID: 38522594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex and highly incapacitating neurological disorder that affects around 15% of the general population with greater incidence in women, often at the most productive age of life. Migraine physiopathology is still not fully understood, but it involves multiple mediators and events in the trigeminovascular system and the central nervous system. The identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide as a key mediator in migraine physiopathology has led to the development of effective and highly selective antimigraine therapies. However, this treatment is neither accessible nor effective for all migraine sufferers. Thus, a better understanding of migraine mechanisms and the identification of potential targets are still clearly warranted. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely distributed in the trigeminovascular system, and there is accumulating evidence of their contribution to the mechanisms associated with headache pain. Several drugs used in migraine abortive or prophylactic treatment target VGCCs, which probably contributes to their analgesic effect. This review aims to summarize the current evidence of VGGC contribution to migraine physiopathology and to discuss how current pharmacological options for migraine treatment interfere with VGGC function. PERSPECTIVE: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) represents a major migraine mediator, but few studies have investigated the relationship between CGRP and VGCCs. CGRP release is calcium channel-dependent and VGGCs are key players in familial migraine. Further studies are needed to determine whether VGCCs are suitable molecular targets for treating migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Chichorro
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darciane F Baggio
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Weiss N, Zamponi GW. The T-type calcium channelosome. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:163-177. [PMID: 38036777 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels perform crucial physiological roles across a wide spectrum of tissues, spanning both neuronal and non-neuronal system. For instance, they serve as pivotal regulators of neuronal excitability, contribute to cardiac pacemaking, and mediate the secretion of hormones. These functions significantly hinge upon the intricate interplay of T-type channels with interacting proteins that modulate their expression and function at the plasma membrane. In this review, we offer a panoramic exploration of the current knowledge surrounding these T-type channel interactors, and spotlight certain aspects of their potential for drug-based therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Weiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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4
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Zhao C, MacKinnon R. Structural and functional analyses of a GPCR-inhibited ion channel TRPM3. Neuron 2023; 111:81-91.e7. [PMID: 36283409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) govern the physiological response to stimuli by modulating the activity of downstream effectors, including ion channels. TRPM3 is an ion channel inhibited by GPCRs through direct interaction with G protein (Gβγ) released upon their activation. This GPCR-TRPM3 signaling pathway contributes to the analgesic effect of morphine. Here, we characterized Gβγ inhibition of TRPM3 using electrophysiology and single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). From electrophysiology, we obtained a half inhibition constant (IC50) of ∼240 nM. Using cryo-EM, we determined structures of mouse TRPM3 expressed in human cells with and without Gβγ and with and without PIP2, a lipid required for TRPM3 activity, at resolutions of 2.7-4.7 Å. Gβγ-TRPM3 interfaces vary depending on PIP2 occupancy; however, in all cases, Gβγ appears loosely attached to TRPM3. The IC50 in electrophysiology experiments raises the possibility that additional unknown factors may stabilize the TRPM3-Gβγ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Roderick MacKinnon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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5
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Gamble MC, Williams BR, Singh N, Posa L, Freyberg Z, Logan RW, Puig S. Mu-opioid receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase crosstalk: Implications in mechanisms of opioid tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, dependence, and reward. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:1059089. [PMID: 36532632 PMCID: PMC9751598 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.1059089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioids remain the frontline treatment regimen for severe pain. However, opioid safety is hampered by side-effects such as analgesic tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, physical dependence, or reward. These side effects promote development of opioid use disorders and ultimately cause overdose deaths due to opioid-induced respiratory depression. The intertwined nature of signaling via μ-opioid receptors (MOR), the primary target of prescription opioids, with signaling pathways responsible for opioid side-effects presents important challenges. Therefore, a critical objective is to uncouple cellular and molecular mechanisms that selectively modulate analgesia from those that mediate side-effects. One such mechanism could be the transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) via MOR. Notably, MOR-mediated side-effects can be uncoupled from analgesia signaling via targeting RTK family receptors, highlighting physiological relevance of MOR-RTKs crosstalk. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge surrounding the basic pharmacology of RTKs and bidirectional regulation of MOR signaling, as well as how MOR-RTK signaling may modulate undesirable effects of chronic opioid use, including opioid analgesic tolerance, reduced analgesia to neuropathic pain, physical dependence, and reward. Further research is needed to better understand RTK-MOR transactivation signaling pathways, and to determine if RTKs are a plausible therapeutic target for mitigating opioid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie C. Gamble
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Navsharan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luca Posa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Caminski ES, Antunes FTT, Souza IA, Dallegrave E, Zamponi GW. Regulation of N-type calcium channels by nociceptin receptors and its possible role in neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 36434658 PMCID: PMC9700961 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of nociceptin opioid peptide receptors (NOP, a.k.a. opioid-like receptor-1, ORL-1) by the ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ, leads to G protein-dependent regulation of Cav2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). This typically causes a reduction in calcium currents, triggering changes in presynaptic calcium levels and thus neurotransmission. Because of the widespread expression patterns of NOP and VGCCs across multiple brain regions, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and the dorsal root ganglia, this results in the alteration of numerous neurophysiological features. Here we review the regulation of N-type calcium channels by the NOP-nociceptin system in the context of neurological conditions such as anxiety, addiction, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Sistherenn Caminski
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Ivana Assis Souza
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
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Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. Animal Venom Peptides Cause Antinociceptive Effects by Voltage-gated Calcium Channels Activity Blockage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1579-1599. [PMID: 34259147 PMCID: PMC9881091 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210713121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex phenomenon that is usually unpleasant and aversive. It can range widely in intensity, quality, and duration and has diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms and meanings. Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels are essential to transmitting painful stimuli from the periphery until the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Thus, blocking voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) can effectively control pain refractory to treatments currently used in the clinic, such as cancer and neuropathic pain. VGCCs blockers isolated of cobra Naja naja kaouthia (α-cobratoxin), spider Agelenopsis aperta (ω-Agatoxin IVA), spider Phoneutria nigriventer (PhTx3.3, PhTx3.4, PhTx3.5, PhTx3.6), spider Hysterocrates gigas (SNX-482), cone snails Conus geographus (GVIA), Conus magus (MVIIA or ziconotide), Conus catus (CVID, CVIE and CVIF), Conus striatus (SO- 3), Conus fulmen (FVIA), Conus moncuri (MoVIA and MoVIB), Conus regularis (RsXXIVA), Conus eburneus (Eu1.6), Conus victoriae (Vc1.1.), Conus regius (RgIA), and spider Ornithoctonus huwena (huwentoxin-I and huwentoxin-XVI) venoms caused antinociceptive effects in different acute and chronic pain models. Currently, ziconotide is the only clinical used N-type VGCCs blocker peptide for chronic intractable pain. However, ziconotide causes different adverse effects, and the intrathecal route of administration also impairs its use in a more significant number of patients. In this sense, peptides isolated from animal venoms or their synthetic forms that act by modulating or blocking VGCCs channels seem to be a relevant prototype for developing new analgesics efficacious and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 21, room 5207, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil; E-mails: , and Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 18, room 2203, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil;, E-mail:
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil,Address correspondence to these authors at the Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 21, room 5207, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil; E-mails: , and Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, building 18, room 2203, Zip code: 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil;, E-mail:
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Ames JB. L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Regulation by Calmodulin and CaBP1. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121811. [PMID: 34944455 PMCID: PMC8699282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV1.2 and CaV1.3, called CaV) interact with the Ca2+ sensor proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+ binding Protein 1 (CaBP1), that oppositely control Ca2+-dependent channel activity. CaM and CaBP1 can each bind to the IQ-motif within the C-terminal cytosolic domain of CaV, which promotes increased channel open probability under basal conditions. At elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels (caused by CaV channel opening), Ca2+-bound CaM binding to CaV is essential for promoting rapid Ca2+-dependent channel inactivation (CDI). By contrast, CaV binding to CaBP1 prevents CDI and promotes Ca2+-induced channel opening (called CDF). In this review, I provide an overview of the known structures of CaM and CaBP1 and their structural interactions with the IQ-motif to help understand how CaM promotes CDI, whereas CaBP1 prevents CDI and instead promotes CDF. Previous electrophysiology studies suggest that Ca2+-free forms of CaM and CaBP1 may pre-associate with CaV under basal conditions. However, previous Ca2+ binding data suggest that CaM and CaBP1 are both calculated to bind to Ca2+ with an apparent dissociation constant of ~100 nM when CaM or CaBP1 is bound to the IQ-motif. Since the neuronal basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is ~100 nM, nearly half of the neuronal CaV channels are suggested to be bound to Ca2+-bound forms of either CaM or CaBP1 under basal conditions. The pre-association of CaV with calcified forms of CaM or CaBP1 are predicted here to have functional implications. The Ca2+-bound form of CaBP1 is proposed to bind to CaV under basal conditions to block CaV binding to CaM, which could explain how CaBP1 might prevent CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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9
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Weiss N, Zamponi GW. Opioid Receptor Regulation of Neuronal Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:839-847. [PMID: 32514826 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels play a pivotal role in the conversion of electrical signals into calcium entry into nerve endings that is required for the release of neurotransmitters. They are under the control of a number of cellular signaling pathways that serve to fine tune synaptic activities, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the opioid system. Besides modulating channel activity via activation of second messengers, GPCRs also physically associate with calcium channels to regulate their function and expression at the plasma membrane. In this mini review, we discuss the mechanisms by which calcium channels are regulated by classical opioid and nociceptin receptors. We highlight the importance of this regulation in the control of neuronal functions and their implication in the development of disease conditions. Finally, we present recent literature concerning the use of novel μ-opioid receptor/nociceptin receptor modulators and discuss their use as potential drug candidates for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Weiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Abstract
Preclinical evidence has highlighted the importance of the μ-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor on primary afferents for both the analgesic actions of MOP receptor agonists, as well as the development of tolerance, if not opioid-induced hyperalgesia. There is also growing interest in targeting other opioid peptide receptor subtypes (δ-opioid peptide [DOP], κ-opioid peptide [KOP], and nociceptin/orphanin-FQ opioid peptide [NOP]) on primary afferents, as alternatives to MOP receptors, which may not be associated with as many deleterious side effects. Nevertheless, results from several recent studies of human sensory neurons indicate that although there are many similarities between rodent and human sensory neurons, there may also be important differences. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of opioid receptor subtypes among human sensory neurons. A combination of pharmacology, patch-clamp electrophysiology, Ca imaging, and single-cell semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was used. Our results suggest that functional MOP-like receptors are present in approximately 50% of human dorsal root ganglion neurons. δ-opioid peptide-like receptors were detected in a subpopulation largely overlapping that with MOP-like receptors. Furthermore, KOP-like and NOP-like receptors are detected in a large proportion (44% and 40%, respectively) of human dorsal root ganglion neurons with KOP receptors also overlapping with MOP receptors at a high rate (83%). Our data confirm that all 4 opioid receptor subtypes are present and functional in human sensory neurons, where the overlap of DOP, KOP, and NOP receptors with MOP receptors suggests that activation of these other opioid receptor subtypes may also have analgesic efficacy.
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11
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The life cycle of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in neurons: an update on the trafficking of neuronal calcium channels. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200095. [PMID: 33664982 PMCID: PMC7905535 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels play a critical role in cellular excitability, synaptic transmission, excitation-transcription coupling and activation of intracellular signaling pathways. CaV channels are multiprotein complexes and their functional expression in the plasma membrane involves finely tuned mechanisms, including forward trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane, endocytosis and recycling. Whether genetic or acquired, alterations and defects in the trafficking of neuronal CaV channels can have severe physiological consequences. In this review, we address the current evidence concerning the regulatory mechanisms which underlie precise control of neuronal CaV channel trafficking and we discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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12
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Agahari FA, Stricker C. Serotonergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Evoked Transmitter Release in Layer II Pyramidal Cells of Rat Somatosensory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1182-1200. [PMID: 33063109 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As axons from the raphe nuclei densely innervate the somatosensory cortex, we investigated how serotonin (5-HT) modulates transmitter release in layer II pyramidal cells of rat barrel cortex. In the presence of tetrodotoxin and gabazine, 10 μM 5-HT caused a waxing and waning in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) with no effect on amplitude. Specifically, within 15 min of recording the mEPSC frequency initially increased by 28 ± 7%, then dropped to below control (-15 ± 3%), before resurging back to 27 ± 7% larger than control. These changes were seen in 47% of pyramidal cells (responders) and were mediated by 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CR). Waxing resulted from phospholipase C activation, IP3 production, and Ca2+ release from presynaptic stores. Waning was prevented if PKC was blocked. In contrast, in paired recordings, the unitary EPSC amplitude was reduced by 50 ± 3% after 5-HT exposure in almost all cases with no significant effect on paired-pulse ratio and synaptic dynamics. This sustained EPSC reduction was also caused by 5-HT2R, but was mediated by presynaptic Gβγ subunits likely limiting influx through CaV2 channels. EPSC reduction, together with enhanced spontaneous noise in a restricted subset of inputs, could temporarily diminish the signal-to-noise ratio and affect the computation in the neocortical microcircuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiscus Adrian Agahari
- Neuronal Network Laboratory, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.,Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Christian Stricker
- Neuronal Network Laboratory, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
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Silveirinha VC, Lin H, Tanifuji S, Mochida S, Cottrell GS, Cimarosti H, Stephens GJ. Ca V2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels are activated by SUMOylation pathways. Cell Calcium 2021; 93:102326. [PMID: 33360835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification process involving covalent attachment of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) protein to target proteins. Here, we investigated the potential for SUMO-1 protein to modulate the function of the CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC), a protein vital for presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Co-expression of SUMO-1, but not the conjugation-deficient mutant SUMO-1ΔGG, increased heterologously-expressed CaV2.2 Ca2+ current density, an effect potentiated by the conjugating enzyme Ubc9. Expression of sentrin-specific protease (SENP)-1 or Ubc9 alone, had no effect on recombinant CaV2.2 channels. Co-expression of SUMO-1 and Ubc9 caused an increase in whole-cell maximal conductance (Gmax) and a hyperpolarizing shift in the midpoint of activation (V1/2). Mutation of all five CaV2.2 lysine residues to arginine within the five highest probability (>65 %) SUMOylation consensus motifs (SCMs) (construct CaV2.2-Δ5KR), produced a loss-of-function mutant. Mutagenesis of selected individual lysine residues identified K394, but not K951, as a key residue for SUMO-1-mediated increase in CaV2.2 Ca2+ current density. In synaptically-coupled superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, SUMO-1 protein was distributed throughout the cell body, axons and dendrites and presumptive presynaptic terminals, whilst SUMO-1ΔGG protein was largely confined to the cell body, in particular, the nucleus. SUMO-1 expression caused increases in paired excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) ratio at short (20-120 ms) inter-stimuli intervals in comparison to SUMO-1ΔGG, consistent with an increase in residual presynaptic Ca2+ current and an increase in release probability of synaptic vesicles. Together, these data provide evidence for CaV2.2 VGCCs as novel targets for SUMOylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco C Silveirinha
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Hong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Shota Tanifuji
- Dept of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Mochida
- Dept of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK.
| | - Gary J Stephens
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK.
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14
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Spanoghe J, Larsen LE, Craey E, Manzella S, Van Dycke A, Boon P, Raedt R. The Signaling Pathways Involved in the Anticonvulsive Effects of the Adenosine A 1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010320. [PMID: 33396826 PMCID: PMC7794785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine acts as an endogenous anticonvulsant and seizure terminator in the brain. Many of its anticonvulsive effects are mediated through the activation of the adenosine A1 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor with a wide array of targets. Activating A1 receptors is an effective approach to suppress seizures. This review gives an overview of the neuronal targets of the adenosine A1 receptor focusing in particular on signaling pathways resulting in neuronal inhibition. These include direct interactions of G protein subunits, the adenyl cyclase pathway and the phospholipase C pathway, which all mediate neuronal hyperpolarization and suppression of synaptic transmission. Additionally, the contribution of the guanyl cyclase and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades to the seizure-suppressing effects of A1 receptor activation are discussed. This review ends with the cautionary note that chronic activation of the A1 receptor might have detrimental effects, which will need to be avoided when pursuing A1 receptor-based epilepsy therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Spanoghe
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Erine Craey
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Simona Manzella
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Annelies Van Dycke
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Sint-Jan Bruges, 8000 Bruges, Belgium;
| | - Paul Boon
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.E.L.); (E.C.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Mohammadkhani A, Borgland SL. Cellular and behavioral basis of cannabinioid and opioid interactions: Implications for opioid dependence and withdrawal. J Neurosci Res 2020; 100:278-296. [PMID: 33352618 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The brain's endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid systems are neuromodulatory of synaptic transmission, and play key roles in pain, memory, reward, and addiction. Recent clinical and pre-clinical evidence suggests that opioid use may be reduced with cannabinoid intake. This suggests the presence of a functional interaction between these two systems. Emerging research indicates that cannabinoids and opioids can functionally interact at different levels. At the cellular level, opioid and cannabinoids can have direct receptor associations, alterations in endogenous opioid peptide or cannabinoid release, or post-receptor activation interactions via shared signal transduction pathways. At the systems level, the nature of cannabinoid and opioid interaction might differ in brain circuits underlying different behavioral phenomenon, including reward-seeking or antinociception. Given the rising use of opioid and cannabinoid drugs, a better understanding of how these endogenous signaling systems interact in the brain is of significant interest. This review focuses on the potential relationship of these neural systems in addiction-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadkhani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Lacinova L, Mallmann RT, Jurkovičová-Tarabová B, Klugbauer N. Modulation of voltage-gated Ca V2.2 Ca 2+ channels by newly identified interaction partners. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:380-392. [PMID: 33006503 PMCID: PMC7567506 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1831328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are typically integrated in a complex network of protein-protein-interactions, also referred to as Ca2+ channel nanodomains. Amongst the neuronal CaV2 channel family, CaV2.2 is of particular importance due to its general role for signal transmission from the periphery to the central nervous system, but also due to its significance for pain perception. Thus, CaV2.2 is an ideal target candidate to search for pharmacological inhibitors but also for novel modulatory interactors. In this review we summarize the last years findings of our intense screenings and characterization of the six CaV2.2 interaction partners, tetraspanin-13 (TSPAN-13), reticulon 1 (RTN1), member 1 of solute carrier family 38 (SLC38), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), transmembrane protein 223 (TMEM223), and transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif 3 (Grina/TMBIM3) containing protein. Each protein shows a unique way of channel modulation as shown by extensive electrophysiological studies. Amongst the newly identified interactors, Grina/TMBIM3 is most striking due to its modulatory effect which is rather comparable to G-protein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Lacinova
- Center of Bioscience, - Institute for Molecular Physiology and Genetics , Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius , Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Theodor Mallmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fakultät für Medizin, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Klugbauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fakultät für Medizin, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (Neuromodul Basics), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Habib AM, Nagi K, Thillaiappan NB, Sukumaran V, Akhtar S. Vitamin D and Its Potential Interplay With Pain Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2020; 11:820. [PMID: 32547536 PMCID: PMC7270292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 50 million of the U.S. adult population suffer from chronic pain. It is a complex disease in its own right for which currently available analgesics have been deemed woefully inadequate since ~20% of the sufferers derive no benefit. Vitamin D, known for its role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, is thought to be of clinical benefit in treating chronic pain without the side-effects of currently available analgesics. A strong correlation between hypovitaminosis D and incidence of bone pain is known. However, the potential underlying mechanisms by which vitamin D might exert its analgesic effects are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss pathways involved in pain sensing and processing primarily at the level of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the potential interplay between vitamin D, its receptor (VDR) and known specific pain signaling pathways including nerve growth factor (NGF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and opioid receptors. We also discuss how vitamin D/VDR might influence immune cells and pain sensitization as well as review the increasingly important topic of vitamin D toxicity. Further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies will be required to study these potential interactions specifically in pain models. Such studies could highlight the potential usefulness of vitamin D either alone or in combination with existing analgesics to better treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdella M Habib
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Nagi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Gandini MA, Souza IA, Raval D, Xu J, Pan YX, Zamponi GW. Differential regulation of Cav2.2 channel exon 37 variants by alternatively spliced μ-opioid receptors. Mol Brain 2019; 12:98. [PMID: 31775826 PMCID: PMC6880636 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the regulation of mutually exclusive Cav2.2 exon 37a and b variants by the mouse μ-opioid receptor (mMOR) C-terminal splice variants 1, 1C and 1O in tsA-201 cells. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that both channel isoforms exhibit DAMGO-induced voltage-dependent (Gβγ-mediated) inhibition and its recovery by voltage pre-pulses, as well as a voltage-independent component. However, the two channel isoforms differ in their relative extent of voltage-dependent and independent inhibition, with Cav2.2-37b showing significantly more voltage-dependent inhibition upon activation of the three mMOR receptors studied. In addition, coexpression of either mMOR1 or mMOR1C results in an agonist-independent reduction in the peak current density of Cav2.2-37a channels, whereas the peak current density of Cav2.2-37b does not appear to be affected. Interestingly, this decrease is not due to an effect on channel expression at the plasma membrane, as demonstrated by biotinylation experiments. We further examined the mechanism underlying the agonist-independent modulation of Cav2.2-37a by mMOR1C. Incubation of cells with pertussis toxin did not affect the mMOR1C mediated inhibition of Cav2.2-37a currents, indicating a lack of involvement of Gi/o signaling. However, when a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor was applied, the effect of mMOR1C was lost. Moreover, when we recorded currents using a Cav2.2-37a mutant in which tyrosine 1747 was replaced with phenylalanine (Y1747F), the agonist independent effects of mMOR1C were abolished. Altogether our findings show that Cav2.2-37a and Cav2.2-37b isoforms are subject to differential regulation by C-terminal splice variants of mMORs, and that constitutive mMOR1C activity and downstream tyrosine kinase activity exert a selective inhibition of the Cav2.2-37a splice variant, an N-type channel isoform that is highly enriched in nociceptors. Our study provides new insights into the roles of the MOR full-length C-terminal variants in modulating Cav2.2 channel isoform activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dvij Raval
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Neurology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Xian Pan
- Department of Neurology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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19
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Wei AD, Ramirez JM. Presynaptic Mechanisms and KCNQ Potassium Channels Modulate Opioid Depression of Respiratory Drive. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1407. [PMID: 31824331 PMCID: PMC6882777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is the major cause of death associated with opioid analgesics and drugs of abuse, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated opioid action in vivo in unanesthetized mice and in in vitro medullary slices containing the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a locus critical for breathing and inspiratory rhythm generation. Although hypothesized as a primary mechanism, we found that mu-opioid receptor (MOR1)-mediated GIRK activation contributed only modestly to OIRD. Instead, mEPSC recordings from genetically identified Dbx1-derived interneurons, essential for rhythmogenesis, revealed a prevalent presynaptic mode of action for OIRD. Consistent with MOR1-mediated suppression of presynaptic release as a major component of OIRD, Cacna1a KO slices lacking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels enhanced OIRD. Furthermore, OIRD was mimicked and reversed by KCNQ potassium channel activators and blockers, respectively. In vivo whole-body plethysmography combined with systemic delivery of GIRK- and KCNQ-specific potassium channel drugs largely recapitulated these in vitro results, and revealed state-dependent modulation of OIRD. We propose that respiratory failure from OIRD results from a general reduction of synaptic efficacy, leading to a state-dependent collapse of rhythmic network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguan D. Wei
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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20
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5-HT 2A receptor-dependent phosphorylation of mGlu 2 receptor at Serine 843 promotes mGlu 2 receptor-operated G i/o signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1610-1626. [PMID: 29858599 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT2A and glutamate mGlu2 receptors continue to attract particular attention, given their implication in psychosis associated with schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics and a new class of antipsychotics, respectively. A large body of evidence indicates a functional crosstalk between both receptors in the brain, but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely elucidated. Here, we have explored the influence of 5-HT2A receptor upon the phosphorylation pattern of mGlu2 receptor in light of the importance of specific phosphorylation events in regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling and physiological outcomes. Among the five mGlu2 receptor-phosphorylated residues identified in HEK-293 cells, the phosphorylation of Ser843 was enhanced upon mGlu2 receptor stimulation by the orthosteric agonist LY379268 only in cells co-expressing the 5-HT2A receptor. Likewise, administration of LY379268 increased mGlu2 receptor phosphorylation at Ser843 in prefrontal cortex of wild-type mice but not 5-HT2A-/- mice. Exposure of HEK-293 cells co-expressing mGlu2 and 5-HT2A receptors to 5-HT also increased Ser843 phosphorylation state to a magnitude similar to that measured in LY379268-treated cells. In both HEK-293 cells and prefrontal cortex, Ser843 phosphorylation elicited by 5-HT2A receptor stimulation was prevented by the mGlu2 receptor antagonist LY341495, while the LY379268-induced effect was abolished by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907. Mutation of Ser843 into alanine strongly reduced Gi/o signaling elicited by mGlu2 or 5-HT2A receptor stimulation in cells co-expressing both receptors. Collectively, these findings identify mGlu2 receptor phosphorylation at Ser843 as a key molecular event that underlies the functional crosstalk between both receptors.
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21
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Joksimovic SL, Donald RR, Park JY, Todorovic SM. Inhibition of multiple voltage-gated calcium channels may contribute to spinally mediated analgesia by epipregnanolone in a rat model of surgical paw incision. Channels (Austin) 2019; 13:48-61. [PMID: 30672394 PMCID: PMC6380214 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1564420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-activated calcium channels play an important role in excitability of sensory nociceptive neurons in acute and chronic pain models. We have previously shown that low-voltage-activated calcium channels, or T-type channels (T-channels), increase excitability of sensory neurons after surgical incision in rats. We have also found that endogenous 5β-reduced neuroactive steroid epipregnanolone [(3β,5β)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one] blocked isolated T-currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in vitro, and reduced nociceptive behavior in vivo, after local intraplantar application into the foot pads of heathy rats and mice. Here, we investigated if epipregnanolone exerts an antinociceptive effect after intrathecal (i.t.) application in healthy rats, as well as an antihyperalgesic effect in a postsurgical pain model. We also studied if this endogenous neurosteroid blocks currents originating from high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels in rat sensory neurons. In in vivo studies, we found that epipregnanolone alleviated thermal and mechanical nociception in healthy rats after i.t. administration without affecting their sensory-motor abilities. Furthermore, epipregnanolone effectively reduced mechanical hyperalgesia after i.t application in rats after surgery. In subsequent in vitro studies, we found that epipregnanolone blocked isolated HVA currents in nociceptive sensory neurons with an IC50 of 3.3 μM in a G-protein-dependent fashion. We conclude that neurosteroids that have combined inhibitory effects on T-type and HVA calcium currents may be suitable for development of novel pain therapies during the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj Joksimovic
- a Department of Anesthesiology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Rebecca R Donald
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Duke University Medical School , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- c Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- a Department of Anesthesiology , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA.,d Neuroscience Graduate Program , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
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22
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Dong N, Lee DWK, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Dopamine-mediated calcium channel regulation in synaptic suppression in L. stagnalis interneurons. Channels (Austin) 2019; 12:153-173. [PMID: 29589519 PMCID: PMC5972806 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1457897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
D2 dopamine receptor-mediated suppression of synaptic transmission from interneurons plays a key role in neurobiological functions across species, ranging from respiration to memory formation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of D2 receptor-dependent suppression using soma-soma synapse between respiratory interneuron VD4 and LPeD1 in the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis). We studied the effects of dopamine on voltage-dependent Ca2+ current and synaptic vesicle release from the VD4. We report that dopamine inhibits voltage-dependent Ca2+ current in the VD4 by both voltage-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Dopamine also suppresses synaptic vesicle release downstream of activity-dependent Ca2+ influx. Our study demonstrated that dopamine acts through D2 receptors to inhibit interneuron synaptic transmission through both voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel-dependent and -independent pathways. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of dopamine function and fundamental mechanisms that shape the dynamics of neural circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Dong
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - David W K Lee
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Schneider T, Alpdogan S, Hescheler J, Neumaier F. In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation of the Ca v2.3 voltage-gated R-type calcium channel. Channels (Austin) 2019; 12:326-334. [PMID: 30165790 PMCID: PMC6986797 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1516984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the recording of whole cell currents from stably transfected HEK-293 cells, the decline of currents carried by the recombinant human Cav2.3+β3 channel subunits is related to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion after rupture of the cells. It reduces the number of functional channels and leads to a progressive shift of voltage-dependent gating to more negative potentials (Neumaier F., et al., 2018). Both effects can be counteracted by hydrolysable ATP, whose protective action is almost completely prevented by inhibition of serine/threonine but not tyrosine or lipid kinases. These findings indicate that ATP promotes phosphorylation of either the channel or an associated protein, whereas dephosphorylation during cell dialysis results in run-down. Protein phosphorylation is required for Cav2.3 channel function and could directly influence the normal features of current carried by these channels. Therefore, results from in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation of Cav2.3 are summarized to come closer to a functional analysis of structural variations in Cav2.3 splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schneider
- a Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Institute of Neurophysiology , Cologne , Germany
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24
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Nanou E, Catterall WA. Calcium Channels, Synaptic Plasticity, and Neuropsychiatric Disease. Neuron 2019; 98:466-481. [PMID: 29723500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels couple depolarization of the cell-surface membrane to entry of calcium, which triggers secretion, contraction, neurotransmission, gene expression, and other physiological responses. They are encoded by ten genes, which generate three voltage-gated calcium channel subfamilies: CaV1; CaV2; and CaV3. At synapses, CaV2 channels form large signaling complexes in the presynaptic nerve terminal, which are responsible for the calcium entry that triggers neurotransmitter release and short-term presynaptic plasticity. CaV1 channels form signaling complexes in postsynaptic dendrites and dendritic spines, where their calcium entry induces long-term potentiation. These calcium channels are the targets of mutations and polymorphisms that alter their function and/or regulation and cause neuropsychiatric diseases, including migraine headache, cerebellar ataxia, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. This article reviews the molecular properties of calcium channels, considers their multiple roles in synaptic plasticity, and discusses their potential involvement in this wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Nanou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA
| | - William A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA.
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25
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Presynaptic Calcium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092217. [PMID: 31064106 PMCID: PMC6539076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic Ca2+ entry occurs through voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels which are activated by membrane depolarization. Depolarization accompanies neuronal firing and elevation of Ca2+ triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles. For synchronization of efficient neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicles are targeted by presynaptic Ca2+ channels forming a large signaling complex in the active zone. The presynaptic CaV2 channel gene family (comprising CaV2.1, CaV2.2, and CaV2.3 isoforms) encode the pore-forming α1 subunit. The cytoplasmic regions are responsible for channel modulation by interacting with regulatory proteins. This article overviews modulation of the activity of CaV2.1 and CaV2.2 channels in the control of synaptic strength and presynaptic plasticity.
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26
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Zurawski Z, Thompson Gray AD, Brady LJ, Page B, Church E, Harris NA, Dohn MR, Yim YY, Hyde K, Mortlock DP, Jones CK, Winder DG, Alford S, Hamm HE. Disabling the Gβγ-SNARE interaction disrupts GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition, leading to physiological and behavioral phenotypes. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/569/eaat8595. [PMID: 30783011 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat8595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that couple to Gi/o proteins modulate neurotransmission presynaptically by inhibiting exocytosis. Release of Gβγ subunits from activated G proteins decreases the activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), decreasing excitability. A less understood Gβγ-mediated mechanism downstream of Ca2+ entry is the binding of Gβγ to SNARE complexes, which facilitate the fusion of vesicles with the cell plasma membrane in exocytosis. Here, we generated mice expressing a form of the SNARE protein SNAP25 with premature truncation of the C terminus and that were therefore partially deficient in this interaction. SNAP25Δ3 homozygote mice exhibited normal presynaptic inhibition by GABAB receptors, which inhibit VGCCs, but defective presynaptic inhibition by receptors that work directly on the SNARE complex, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 5-HT1b receptors and adrenergic α2a receptors. Simultaneously stimulating receptors that act through both mechanisms showed synergistic inhibitory effects. SNAP25Δ3 homozygote mice had various behavioral phenotypes, including increased stress-induced hyperthermia, defective spatial learning, impaired gait, and supraspinal nociception. These data suggest that the inhibition of exocytosis by Gi/o-coupled GPCRs through the Gβγ-SNARE interaction is a crucial component of numerous physiological and behavioral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack Zurawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian Page
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emily Church
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nicholas A Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Dohn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yun Young Yim
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karren Hyde
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simon Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Heidi E Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Modulation of neurotransmitter exocytosis by activated Gi/o coupled G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a universal regulatory mechanism used both to avoid overstimulation and to influence circuitry. One of the known modulation mechanisms is the interaction between Gβγ and the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNAREs). There are 5 Gβ and 12 Gγ subunits, but specific Gβγs activated by a given GPCR and the specificity to effectors, such as SNARE, in vivo are not known. Although less studied, Gβγ binding to the exocytic fusion machinery (i.e. SNARE) provides a more direct regulatory mechanism for neurotransmitter release. Here, we review some recent insights in the architecture of the synaptic terminal, modulation of synaptic transmission, and implications of G protein modulation of synaptic transmission in diseases. Numerous presynaptic proteins are involved in the architecture of synaptic terminals, particularly the active zone, and their importance in the regulation of exocytosis is still not completely understood. Further understanding of the Gβγ-SNARE interaction and the architecture and mechanisms of exocytosis may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to help patients with various disorders such as hypertension, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and acute/chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Young Yim
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37232-6600, TN, United States
| | - Zack Zurawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37232-6600, TN, United States
| | - Heidi Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37232-6600, TN, United States.
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28
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He R, Zhang J, Yu Y, Jizi L, Wang W, Li M. New Insights Into Interactions of Presynaptic Calcium Channel Subtypes and SNARE Proteins in Neurotransmitter Release. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:213. [PMID: 30061813 PMCID: PMC6054978 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Action potential (AP) induces presynaptic membrane depolarization and subsequent opening of Ca2+ channels, and then triggers neurotransmitter release at the active zone of presynaptic terminal. Presynaptic Ca2+ channels and SNARE proteins (SNAREs) interactions form a large signal transfer complex, which are core components for exocytosis. Ca2+ channels serve to regulate the activity of Ca2+ channels through direct binding and indirect activation of active zone proteins and SNAREs. The activation of Ca2+ channels promotes synaptic vesicle recruitment, docking, priming, fusion and neurotransmission release. Intracellular calcium increase is a key step for the initiation of vesicle fusion. Various voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) subtypes exert different physiological functions. Until now, it has not been clear how different subtypes of calcium channels integrally regulate the release of neurotransmitters within 200 μs of the AP arriving at the active zone of synaptic terminal. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the structure and physiological function of Ca2+ channel subtypes, interactions of Ca2+ channels and SNAREs in neurotransmitter release, and dynamic fine-tune Ca2+ channel activities by G proteins (Gβγ), multiple protein kinases and Ca2+ sensor (CaS) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Infectious Disease Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Laluo Jizi
- Department of Neurology, Liangshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Xichang, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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29
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30
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Presynaptic calcium channels. Neurosci Res 2018; 127:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Silva FR, Miranda AS, Santos RP, Olmo IG, Zamponi GW, Dobransky T, Cruz JS, Vieira LB, Ribeiro FM. N-type Ca2+ channels are affected by full-length mutant huntingtin expression in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 55:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Chardonnet S, Bessiron T, Ramos CI, Dammak R, Richard MA, Boursier C, Cadilhac C, Coquelle FM, Bossi S, Ango F, Le Maréchal P, Decottignies P, Berrier C, McLean H, Daniel H. Native metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 depresses synaptic transmission through an unusual Gα q transduction pathway. Neuropharmacology 2017; 121:247-260. [PMID: 28456688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In cerebellar cortex, mGlu4 receptors located on parallel fibers play an essential role in normal motor function, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not yet completely understood. Using a strategy combining biochemical and electrophysiological approaches in the rodent cerebellum, we demonstrate that presynaptic mGlu4 receptors control synaptic transmission through an atypical activation of Gαq proteins. First, the Gαq subunit, PLC and PKC signaling proteins present in cerebellar extracts are retained on affinity chromatography columns grafted with different sequences of the cytoplasmic domain of mGlu4 receptor. The i2 loop and the C terminal domain were used as baits, two domains that are known to play a pivotal role in coupling selectivity and efficacy. Second, in situ proximity ligation assays show that native mGlu4 receptors and Gαq subunits are in close physical proximity in cerebellar cortical slices. Finally, electrophysiological experiments demonstrate that the molecular mechanisms underlying mGlu4 receptor-mediated inhibition of transmitter release at cerebellar Parallel Fiber (PF) - Molecular Layer Interneuron (MLI) synapses involves the Gαq-PLC signaling pathway. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that, in the rodent cerebellar cortex, mGlu4 receptors act by coupling to the Gαq protein and PLC effector system to reduce glutamate synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Chardonnet
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Bessiron
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cathy Isaura Ramos
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Raoudha Dammak
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Ange Richard
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Céline Boursier
- Plateforme de Transcriptomique et Protéomique (Trans-Prot), UMS-IPSIT, Univ Paris Sud CNRS Inserm, F- 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christelle Cadilhac
- Equipe Mise en place des circuits GABAergiques, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric M Coquelle
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Simon Bossi
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Fabrice Ango
- Equipe Mise en place des circuits GABAergiques, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Le Maréchal
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Paulette Decottignies
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Berrier
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Heather McLean
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hervé Daniel
- Equipe Pharmacologie et Biochimie de la Synapse, NeuroPSI - UMR 9197 « Univ Paris-sud - CNRS », Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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33
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François A, Scherrer G. Delta Opioid Receptor Expression and Function in Primary Afferent Somatosensory Neurons. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 247:87-114. [PMID: 28993838 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The functional diversity of primary afferent neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) generates a variety of qualitatively and quantitatively distinct somatosensory experiences, from shooting pain to pleasant touch. In recent years, the identification of dozens of genetic markers specifically expressed by subpopulations of DRG neurons has dramatically improved our understanding of this diversity and provided the tools to manipulate their activity and uncover their molecular identity and function. Opioid receptors have long been known to be expressed by discrete populations of DRG neurons, in which they regulate cell excitability and neurotransmitter release. We review recent insights into the identity of the DRG neurons that express the delta opioid receptor (DOR) and the ion channel mechanisms that DOR engages in these cells to regulate sensory input. We highlight recent findings derived from DORGFP reporter mice and from in situ hybridization and RNA sequencing studies in wild-type mice that revealed DOR presence in cutaneous mechanosensory afferents eliciting touch and implicated in tactile allodynia. Mechanistically, we describe how DOR modulates opening of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) to control glutamatergic neurotransmission between somatosensory neurons and postsynaptic neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn. We additionally discuss other potential signaling mechanisms, including those involving potassium channels, which DOR may engage to fine tune somatosensation. We conclude by discussing how this knowledge may explain the analgesic properties of DOR agonists against mechanical pain and uncovers an unanticipated specialized function for DOR in cutaneous mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury François
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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34
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Huang J, Zamponi GW. Regulation of voltage gated calcium channels by GPCRs and post-translational modification. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 32:1-8. [PMID: 27768908 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium entry via voltage gated calcium channels mediates a wide range of physiological functions, whereas calcium channel dysregulation has been associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions. There are myriad cell signaling pathways that act on voltage gated calcium channels to fine tune their activities and to regulate their cell surface expression. These regulatory mechanisms include the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and downstream phosphorylation events, and their control over calcium channel trafficking through direct physical interactions. Calcium channels also undergo post-translational modifications that alter both function and density of the channels in the plasma membrane. Here we focus on select aspects of these regulatory mechanisms and highlight recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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35
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Wormuth C, Lundt A, Henseler C, Müller R, Broich K, Papazoglou A, Weiergräber M. Review: Ca v2.3 R-type Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels - Functional Implications in Convulsive and Non-convulsive Seizure Activity. Open Neurol J 2016; 10:99-126. [PMID: 27843503 PMCID: PMC5080872 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01610010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Researchers have gained substantial insight into mechanisms of synaptic transmission, hyperexcitability, excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration within the last decades. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are of central relevance in these processes. In particular, they are key elements in the etiopathogenesis of numerous seizure types and epilepsies. Earlier studies predominantly targeted on Cav2.1 P/Q-type and Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels relevant for absence epileptogenesis. Recent findings bring other channels entities more into focus such as the Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channel which exhibits an intriguing role in ictogenesis and seizure propagation. Cav2.3 R-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) emerged to be important factors in the pathogenesis of absence epilepsy, human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and cellular epileptiform activity, e.g. in CA1 neurons. They also serve as potential target for various antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine and topiramate. Objective: This review provides a summary of structure, function and pharmacology of VGCCs and their fundamental role in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We elaborate the unique modulatory properties of Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels and point to recent findings in the proictogenic and proneuroapoptotic role of Cav2.3 R-type VGCCs in generalized convulsive tonic–clonic and complex-partial hippocampal seizures and its role in non-convulsive absence like seizure activity. Conclusion: Development of novel Cav2.3 specific modulators can be effective in the pharmacological treatment of epilepsies and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Wormuth
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Lundt
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Papazoglou
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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36
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Page KM, Rothwell SW, Dolphin AC. The CaVβ Subunit Protects the I-II Loop of the Voltage-gated Calcium Channel CaV2.2 from Proteasomal Degradation but Not Oligoubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20402-16. [PMID: 27489103 PMCID: PMC5034038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CaVβ subunits interact with the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.2 on a site in the intracellular loop between domains I and II (the I-II loop). This interaction influences the biophysical properties of the channel and leads to an increase in its trafficking to the plasma membrane. We have shown previously that a mutant CaV2.2 channel that is unable to bind CaVβ subunits (CaV2.2 W391A) was rapidly degraded (Waithe, D., Ferron, L., Page, K. M., Chaggar, K., and Dolphin, A. C. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 9598-9611). Here we show that, in the absence of CaVβ subunits, a construct consisting of the I-II loop of CaV2.2 was directly ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome system. Ubiquitination could be prevented by mutation of all 12 lysine residues in the I-II loop to arginines. Including a palmitoylation motif at the N terminus of CaV2.2 I-II loop was insufficient to target it to the plasma membrane in the absence of CaVβ subunits even when proteasomal degradation was inhibited with MG132 or ubiquitination was prevented by the lysine-to-arginine mutations. In the presence of CaVβ subunit, the palmitoylated CaV2.2 I-II loop was protected from degradation, although oligoubiquitination could still occur, and was efficiently trafficked to the plasma membrane. We propose that targeting to the plasma membrane requires a conformational change in the I-II loop that is induced by binding of the CaVβ subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Page
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Rothwell
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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37
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Dolphin AC. Voltage-gated calcium channels and their auxiliary subunits: physiology and pathophysiology and pharmacology. J Physiol 2016; 594:5369-90. [PMID: 27273705 PMCID: PMC5043047 DOI: 10.1113/jp272262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage‐gated calcium channels are essential players in many physiological processes in excitable cells. There are three main subdivisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore‐forming α1 subunit, the CaV1, CaV2 and CaV3 channels. For all the subtypes of voltage‐gated calcium channel, their gating properties are key for the precise control of neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction and cell excitability, among many other processes. For the CaV1 and CaV2 channels, their ability to reach their required destinations in the cell membrane, their activation and the fine tuning of their biophysical properties are all dramatically influenced by the auxiliary subunits that associate with them. Furthermore, there are many diseases, both genetic and acquired, involving voltage‐gated calcium channels. This review will provide a general introduction and then concentrate particularly on the role of auxiliary α2δ subunits in both physiological and pathological processes involving calcium channels, and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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38
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Bedford C, Sears C, Perez-Carrion M, Piccoli G, Condliffe SB. LRRK2 Regulates Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:35. [PMID: 27242426 PMCID: PMC4876133 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels enable Ca2+ influx in response to membrane depolarization. CaV2.1 channels are localized to the presynaptic membrane of many types of neurons where they are involved in triggering neurotransmitter release. Several signaling proteins have been identified as important CaV2.1 regulators including protein kinases, G-proteins and Ca2+ binding proteins. Recently, we discovered that leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a protein associated with inherited Parkinson’s disease, interacts with specific synaptic proteins and influences synaptic transmission. Since synaptic proteins functionally interact with CaV2.1 channels and synaptic transmission is triggered by Ca2+ entry via CaV2.1, we investigated whether LRRK2 could impact CaV2.1 channel function. CaV2.1 channel properties were measured using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology in HEK293 cells transfected with CaV2.1 subunits and various LRRK2 constructs. Our results demonstrate that both wild type (wt) LRRK2 and the G2019S LRRK2 mutant caused a significant increase in whole cell Ca2+ current density compared to cells expressing only the CaV2.1 channel complex. In addition, LRRK2 expression caused a significant hyperpolarizing shift in voltage-dependent activation while having no significant effect on inactivation properties. These functional changes in CaV2.1 activity are likely due to a direct action of LRRK2 as we detected a physical interaction between LRRK2 and the β3 CaV channel subunit via coimmunoprecipitation. Furthermore, effects on CaV2.1 channel function are dependent on LRRK2 kinase activity as these could be reversed via treatment with a LRRK2 inhibitor. Interestingly, LRRK2 also augmented endogenous voltage-gated Ca2+ channel function in PC12 cells suggesting other CaV channels could also be regulated by LRRK2. Overall, our findings support a novel physiological role for LRRK2 in regulating CaV2.1 function that could have implications for how mutations in LRRK2 contribute to Parkinson’s disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade Bedford
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Sears
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of TrentoTrento, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon InstituteTrento, Italy
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39
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Liu X, Grove JCR, Hirano AA, Brecha NC, Barnes S. Dopamine D1 receptor modulation of calcium channel currents in horizontal cells of mouse retina. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:686-97. [PMID: 27193322 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00990.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal cells form the first laterally interacting network of inhibitory interneurons in the retina. Dopamine released onto horizontal cells under photic and circadian control modulates horizontal cell function. Using isolated, identified horizontal cells from a connexin-57-iCre × ROSA26-tdTomato transgenic mouse line, we investigated dopaminergic modulation of calcium channel currents (ICa) with whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Dopamine (10 μM) blocked 27% of steady-state ICa, an action blunted to 9% in the presence of the L-type Ca channel blocker verapamil (50 μM). The dopamine type 1 receptor (D1R) agonist SKF38393 (20 μM) inhibited ICa by 24%. The D1R antagonist SCH23390 (20 μM) reduced dopamine and SKF38393 inhibition. Dopamine slowed ICa activation, blocking ICa by 38% early in a voltage step. Enhanced early inhibition of ICa was eliminated by applying voltage prepulses to +120 mV for 100 ms, increasing ICa by 31% and 11% for early and steady-state currents, respectively. Voltage-dependent facilitation of ICa and block of dopamine inhibition after preincubation with a Gβγ-blocking peptide suggested involvement of Gβγ proteins in the D1R-mediated modulation. When the G protein activator guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) was added intracellularly, ICa was smaller and showed the same slowed kinetics seen during D1R activation. With GTPγS in the pipette, additional block of ICa by dopamine was only 6%. Strong depolarizing voltage prepulses restored the GTPγS-reduced early ICa amplitude by 36% and steady-state ICa amplitude by 3%. These results suggest that dopaminergic inhibition of ICa via D1Rs is primarily mediated through the action of Gβγ proteins in horizontal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Biomaterials and Live Cell Imaging Institute, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurobiology and Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James C R Grove
- Department of Neurobiology and Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arlene A Hirano
- Department of Neurobiology and Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Nicholas C Brecha
- Department of Neurobiology and Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Steven Barnes
- Department of Neurobiology and Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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40
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Jeong JY, Kweon HJ, Suh BC. Dual Regulation of R-Type CaV2.3 Channels by M1 Muscarinic Receptors. Mol Cells 2016; 39:322-9. [PMID: 26923189 PMCID: PMC4844939 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca(2+) (CaV) channels are dynamically modulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The M1 muscarinic receptor stimulation is known to enhance CaV2.3 channel gating through the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Here, we found that M1 receptors also inhibit CaV2.3 currents when the channels are fully activated by PKC. In whole-cell configuration, the application of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, potentiated CaV2.3 currents by ∼two-fold. After the PMA-induced potentiation, stimulation of M1 receptors decreased the CaV2.3 currents by 52 ± 8%. We examined whether the depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is responsible for the muscarinic suppression of CaV2.3 currents by using two methods: the Danio rerio voltage-sensing phosphatase (Dr-VSP) system and the rapamycin-induced translocatable pseudojanin (PJ) system. First, dephosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2 to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) by Dr-VSP significantly suppressed CaV2.3 currents, by 53 ± 3%. Next, dephosphorylation of both PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 to PI by PJ translocation further decreased the current by up to 66 ± 3%. The results suggest that CaV2.3 currents are modulated by the M1 receptor in a dual mode-that is, potentiation through the activation of PKC and suppression by the depletion of membrane PI(4,5)P2. Our results also suggest that there is rapid turnover between PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Jeong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Kweon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
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Huang YH, Su YS, Chang CJ, Sun WH. Heteromerization of G2A and OGR1 enhances proton sensitivity and proton-induced calcium signals. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 36:633-644. [PMID: 27049592 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; OGR1, GPR4, G2A, TDAG8), with full activation at pH 6.4 ∼ 6.8, are important to pH homeostasis, immune responses and acid-induced pain. Although G2A mediates the G13-Rho pathway in response to acid, whether G2A activates Gs, Gi or Gq proteins remains debated. In this study, we examined the response of this fluorescence protein-tagged OGR1 family to acid stimulation in HEK293T cells. G2A did not generate detectable intracellular calcium or cAMP signals or show apparent receptor redistribution with moderate acid (pH ≥ 6.0) stimulation but reduced cAMP accumulation under strong acid stimulation (pH ≤ 5.5). Surprisingly, coexpression of OGR1- and G2A-enhanced proton sensitivity and proton-induced calcium signals. This alteration is attributed to oligomerization of OGR1 and G2A. The oligomeric potential locates receptors at a specific site, which leads to enhanced proton-induced calcium signals through channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Huang
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Central University , Jhongli , Taiwan and
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Su
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Central University , Jhongli , Taiwan and
| | - Chung-Jen Chang
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Central University , Jhongli , Taiwan and
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Central University , Jhongli , Taiwan and.,b Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, National Central University , Jhongli , Taiwan
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Abstract
A central theme in the quest to unravel the genetic basis of epilepsy has been the effort to elucidate the roles played by inherited defects in ion channels. The ubiquitous expression of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) throughout the central nervous system (CNS), along with their involvement in fundamental processes, such as neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, has made them attractive candidates. Recent insights provided by the identification of mutations in the P/Q-type calcium channel in humans and rodents with epilepsy and the finding of thalamic T-type calcium channel dysfunction in the absence of seizures have raised expectations of a causal role of calcium channels in the polygenic inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy. In this review, we consider how genetic variation in neuronal VGCCs may influence the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Rajakulendran
- UCL-Institute of Neurology, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Hanna
- UCL-Institute of Neurology, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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Pedunculopontine Gamma Band Activity and Development. Brain Sci 2015; 5:546-67. [PMID: 26633526 PMCID: PMC4701027 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci5040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the most important discovery in the reticular activating system in the last 10 years, the manifestation of gamma band activity in cells of the reticular activating system (RAS), especially in the pedunculopontine nucleus, which is in charge of waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The identification of different cell groups manifesting P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels that control waking vs. those that manifest N-type channels that control REM sleep provides novel avenues for the differential control of waking vs. REM sleep. Recent discoveries on the development of this system can help explain the developmental decrease in REM sleep and the basic rest-activity cycle.
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Brunet S, Emrick MA, Sadilek M, Scheuer T, Catterall WA. Phosphorylation sites in the Hook domain of CaVβ subunits differentially modulate CaV1.2 channel function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:248-56. [PMID: 26271711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of L-type calcium current is critical for the development, function, and regulation of many cell types. Ca(V)1.2 channels that conduct L-type calcium currents are regulated by many protein kinases, but the sites of action of these kinases remain unknown in most cases. We combined mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and whole-cell patch clamp techniques in order to identify sites of phosphorylation of Ca(V)β subunits in vivo and test the impact of mutations of those sites on Ca(V)1.2 channel function in vitro. Using the Ca(V)1.1 channel purified from rabbit skeletal muscle as a substrate for phosphoproteomic analysis, we found that Ser(193) and Thr(205) in the HOOK domain of Ca(V)β1a subunits were both phosphorylated in vivo. Ser(193) is located in a potential consensus sequence for casein kinase II, but it was not phosphorylated in vitro by that kinase. In contrast, Thr(205) is located in a consensus sequence for cAMP-dependent phosphorylation, and it was robustly phosphorylated in vitro by PKA. These two sites are conserved in multiple Ca(V)β subunit isoforms, including the principal Ca(V)β subunit of cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels, Ca(V)β2b. In order to assess potential modulatory effects of phosphorylation at these sites separately from the effects of phosphorylation of the α11.2 subunit, we inserted phosphomimetic or phosphoinhibitory mutations in Ca(V)β2b and analyzed their effects on Ca(V)1.2 channel function in transfected nonmuscle cells. The phosphomimetic mutation Ca(V)β2b(S152E) decreased peak channel currents and shifted the voltage dependence of both activation and inactivation to more positive membrane potentials. The phosphoinhibitory mutation Ca(V)β2b(S152A) had opposite effects. There were no differences in peak Ca(V)1.2 currents or voltage dependence between the phosphomimetic mutation Ca(V)β2b(T164D) and the phosphoinhibitory mutation Ca(V)β2b(T164A). However, calcium-dependent inactivation was significantly increased for the phosphomimetic mutation Ca(V)β2b(T164D). This effect was subunit-specific, as the corresponding mutation in the palmitoylated isoform, Ca(V)β2a, had no effect. Overall, our data identify two conserved sites of phosphorylation of the Hook domain of Ca(V)β subunits in vivo and reveal differential modulatory effects of phosphomimetic mutations in these sites. These results reveal a new dimension of regulation of Ca(V)1.2 channels through phosphorylation of the Hook domains of their β subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Brunet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Organization, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Michelle A Emrick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Martin Sadilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Todd Scheuer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - William A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Proft J, Weiss N. G protein regulation of neuronal calcium channels: back to the future. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:890-906. [PMID: 25549669 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels have evolved as one of the most important players for calcium entry into presynaptic endings responsible for the release of neurotransmitters. In turn, and to fine-tune synaptic activity and neuronal communication, numerous neurotransmitters exert a potent negative feedback over the calcium signal provided by G protein-coupled receptors. This regulation pathway of physiologic importance is also extensively exploited for therapeutic purposes, for instance in the treatment of neuropathic pain by morphine and other μ-opioid receptor agonists. However, despite more than three decades of intensive research, important questions remain unsolved regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of direct G protein inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels. In this study, we revisit this particular regulation and explore new considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Proft
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Keum D, Baek C, Kim DI, Kweon HJ, Suh BC. Voltage-dependent regulation of CaV2.2 channels by Gq-coupled receptor is facilitated by membrane-localized β subunit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 144:297-309. [PMID: 25225550 PMCID: PMC4178937 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathway through which preferentially GqPCRs inhibit CaV2.2 channels depends on which β subunits are present. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through molecular messengers, such as Gβγ, Ca2+, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), to modulate N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV2.2) channels, playing a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission. However, the cellular pathways through which GqPCRs inhibit CaV2.2 channel current are not completely understood. Here, we report that the location of CaV β subunits is key to determining the voltage dependence of CaV2.2 channel modulation by GqPCRs. Application of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M to tsA-201 cells expressing M1 receptors, together with CaV N-type α1B, α2δ1, and membrane-localized β2a subunits, shifted the current-voltage relationship for CaV2.2 activation 5 mV to the right and slowed current activation. Muscarinic suppression of CaV2.2 activity was relieved by strong depolarizing prepulses. Moreover, when the C terminus of β-adrenergic receptor kinase (which binds Gβγ) was coexpressed with N-type channels, inhibition of CaV2.2 current after M1 receptor activation was markedly reduced and delayed, whereas the delay between PIP2 hydrolysis and inhibition of CaV2.2 current was decreased. When the Gβγ-insensitive CaV2.2 α1C-1B chimera was expressed, voltage-dependent inhibition of calcium current was virtually abolished, suggesting that M1 receptors act through Gβγ to inhibit CaV2.2 channels bearing membrane-localized CaV β2a subunits. Expression of cytosolic β subunits such as β2b and β3, as well as the palmitoylation-negative mutant β2a(C3,4S), reduced the voltage dependence of M1 muscarinic inhibition of CaV2.2 channels, whereas it increased inhibition mediated by PIP2 depletion. Together, our results indicate that, with membrane-localized CaV β subunits, CaV2.2 channels are subject to Gβγ-mediated voltage-dependent inhibition, whereas cytosol-localized β subunits confer more effective PIP2-mediated voltage-independent regulation. Thus, the voltage dependence of GqPCR regulation of calcium channels can be determined by the location of isotype-specific CaV β subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Keum
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - Christina Baek
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Kweon
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, South Korea
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The Gβ5 protein regulates sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death in colon carcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:2753-63. [PMID: 25043307 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is implicated in numerous diseases including colon cancer. The heterotrimeric G proteins transduce signals from GPCRs to various effectors. So far, the G protein subunit Gβ5 has not been studied in the context of cancer. Here we demonstrate that Gβ5 protects colon carcinoma cells from apoptosis induced by the death ligand TRAIL via different routes. The Gβ5 protein (i) causes a decrease in the cell surface expression of the TRAIL-R2 death receptor, (ii) induces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP and (iii) activates the NF-κB signaling pathway. The intrinsic resistance to TRAIL-triggered apoptosis of colon cancer cells is overcome by antagonization of Gβ5. Based on these results, targeting of G proteins emerges as a novel therapeutic approach in the experimental treatment of colon cancer.
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Simms BA, Zamponi GW. Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels: structure, function, and dysfunction. Neuron 2014; 82:24-45. [PMID: 24698266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the primary mediators of depolarization-induced calcium entry into neurons. There is great diversity of calcium channel subtypes due to multiple genes that encode calcium channel α1 subunits, coassembly with a variety of ancillary calcium channel subunits, and alternative splicing. This allows these channels to fulfill highly specialized roles in specific neuronal subtypes and at particular subcellular loci. While calcium channels are of critical importance to brain function, their inappropriate expression or dysfunction gives rise to a variety of neurological disorders, including, pain, epilepsy, migraine, and ataxia. This Review discusses salient aspects of voltage-gated calcium channel function, physiology, and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Simms
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Simms BA, Souza IA, Rehak R, Zamponi GW. The amino-terminus of high voltage activated calcium channels: CaM you or can't you? Channels (Austin) 2014; 8:370-5. [PMID: 24875328 DOI: 10.4161/chan.29313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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50
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Furusawa K, Asada A, Saito T, Hisanaga SI. The effect of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 on voltage-dependent calcium channels in PC12 cells varies according to channel type and cell differentiation state. J Neurochem 2014; 130:498-506. [PMID: 24766160 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a Ser/Thr kinase that plays an important role in the release of neurotransmitter from pre-synaptic terminals triggered by Ca(2+) influx into the pre-synaptic cytoplasm through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCCs). It is reported that Cdk5 regulates L-, P/Q-, or N-type VDCC, but there is conflicting data as to the effect of Cdk5 on VDCC activity. To clarify the mechanisms involved, we examined the role of Cdk5 in regulating the Ca(2+) -channel property of VDCCs, using PC12 cells expressing endogenous, functional L-, P/Q-, and N-type VDCCs. The Ca(2+) influx, induced by membrane depolarization with high K(+) , was monitored with a fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator protein in both undifferentiated and nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Overall, Ca(2+) influx was increased by expression of Cdk5-p35 in undifferentiated PC12 cells but suppressed in differentiated PC12 cells. Moreover, we found that different VDCCs are distinctly regulated by Cdk5-p35 depending on the differentiation states of PC12 cells. These results indicate that Cdk5-p35 regulates L-, P/Q-, or N-type VDCCs in a cellular context-dependent manner. Calcium (Ca(2+) ) influx through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCCs) triggers neurotransmitter release from pre-synaptic terminal of neurons. The channel activity of VDCCs is regulated by Cdk5-p35, a neuronal Ser/Thr kinase. However, there have been debates about the regulation of VDCCs by Cdk5. Using PC12 cells, we show that Cdk5-p35 regulates VDCCs in a type (L, P/Q, and N) and differentiation-dependent manner. NGF = nerve growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Furusawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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