1
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Oh JS, Zaman R, Murthy AA, Bal M, Crisa F, Zhu S, Torres-Castanedo CG, Kopas CJ, Mutus JY, Jing D, Zasadzinski J, Grassellino A, Romanenko A, Hersam MC, Bedzyk MJ, Kramer M, Zhou BC, Zhou L. Structure and Formation Mechanisms in Tantalum and Niobium Oxides in Superconducting Quantum Circuits. ACS NANO 2024; 18. [PMID: 39034612 PMCID: PMC11295204 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Improving the qubit's lifetime (T1) is crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Recent advancements have shown that replacing niobium (Nb) with tantalum (Ta) as the base metal significantly increases T1, likely due to a less lossy native surface oxide. However, understanding the formation mechanism and nature of both surface oxides is still limited. Using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, we found that Ta surface oxide has fewer suboxides than Nb oxide. We observed an abrupt oxidation state transition from Ta2O5 to Ta, as opposed to the gradual shift from Nb2O5, NbO2, and NbO to Nb, consistent with thermodynamic modeling. Additionally, amorphous Ta2O5 exhibits a closer-to-crystalline bonding nature than Nb2O5, potentially hindering H atomic diffusion toward the oxide/metal interface. Finally, we propose a loss mechanism arising from the transition between two states within the distorted octahedron in an amorphous structure, potentially causing two-level system loss. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of the differences between native amorphous Ta and Nb oxides, providing valuable insights for advancing superconducting qubits through surface oxide engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Su Oh
- Ames
National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Rahim Zaman
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Akshay A. Murthy
- Superconducting
Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Mustafa Bal
- Superconducting
Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Francesco Crisa
- Superconducting
Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Shaojiang Zhu
- Superconducting
Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Carlos G. Torres-Castanedo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Joshua Y. Mutus
- Rigetti
Computing, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - Dapeng Jing
- The Materials
Analysis Research Laboratory, Iowa State
University, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
| | - John Zasadzinski
- Department
of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Anna Grassellino
- Superconducting
Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Alex Romanenko
- Superconducting
Quantum Materials and Systems Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, United States
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J. Bedzyk
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matt Kramer
- Ames
National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bi-Cheng Zhou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Ames
National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Oberg CP, Hu Y, Xu H, Yan M, Scholes GD, Wang M. Molecular and Supramolecular Materials: From Light-Harvesting to Quantum Information Science and Technology. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3294-3316. [PMID: 38497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed immense advances in quantum information technology (QIT), benefited by advances in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and engineering. It is intriguing to consider whether these diverse molecular and supramolecular structures and materials, partially inspired by quantum effects as observed in sophisticated biological systems such as light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis and the magnetic compass of migratory birds, might play a role in future QIT. If so, how? Herein, we review materials and specify the relationship between structures and quantum properties, and we identify the challenges and limitations that have restricted the intersection of QIT and chemical materials. Examples are broken down into two categories: materials for quantum sensing where nonclassical function is observed on the molecular scale and systems where nonclassical phenomena are present due to intermolecular interactions. We discuss challenges for materials chemistry and make comparisons to related systems found in nature. We conclude that if chemical materials become relevant for QIT, they will enable quite new kinds of properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Catrina P Oberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongxue Xu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Mengwen Yan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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3
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McIntyre ZM, Coish WA. Photonic Which-Path Entangler Based on Longitudinal Cavity-Qubit Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:093603. [PMID: 38489640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We show that a modulated longitudinal cavity-qubit coupling can be used to control the path taken by a multiphoton coherent-state wave packet conditioned on the state of a qubit, resulting in a qubit-which-path (QWP) entangled state. QWP states can generate long-range multipartite entanglement using strategies for interfacing discrete- and continuous-variable degrees of freedom. Using the approach presented here, entanglement can be distributed in a quantum network without the need for single-photon sources or detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M McIntyre
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - W A Coish
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
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4
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Chiesa A, Santini P, Garlatti E, Luis F, Carretta S. Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:034501. [PMID: 38314645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional degrees of freedom recently prompted the proposal for encoding qubits with embedded quantum error correction (QEC) in single molecules. QEC is the holy grail of quantum computing and this qudit approach could circumvent the large overhead of physical qubits typical of standard multi-qubit codes. Another important strength of the molecular approach is the extremely high degree of control achieved in preparing complex supramolecular structures where individual qudits are linked preserving their individual properties and coherence. This is particularly relevant for building quantum simulators, controllable systems able to mimic the dynamics of other quantum objects. The use of MNMs for quantum information processing is a rapidly evolving field which still requires to be fully experimentally explored. The key issues to be settled are related to scaling up the number of qudits/qubits and their individual addressing. Several promising possibilities are being intensively explored, ranging from the use of single-molecule transistors or superconducting devices to optical readout techniques. Moreover, new tools from chemistry could be also at hand, like the chiral-induced spin selectivity. In this paper, we will review the present status of this interdisciplinary research field, discuss the open challenges and envisioned solution paths which could finally unleash the very large potential of molecular spins for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - E Garlatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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5
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Ryu Y, Jeong J, Suh J, Kim J, Choi H, Cha J. Utilizing Gate-Controlled Supercurrent for All-Metallic Tunable Superconducting Microwave Resonators. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1223-1230. [PMID: 38232153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hybridizing a microwave mode with a quantum state requires precise frequency matching of a superconducting microwave resonator and the corresponding quantum object. However, fabrication always brings imperfections in geometry and material properties, causing deviations from the desired operating frequencies. An effective and universal strategy for their resonant coupling is to tune the frequency of a resonator, as quantum states like phonons are hardly tunable. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable, titanium-nitride (TiN)-based superconducting resonators by implementing a nanowire inductor whose kinetic inductance is tuned via the gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) effect. We investigate their responses for different gate biases and observe 4% (∼150 MHz) frequency tuning with decreasing internal quality factors. We also perform temperature-controlled experiments to support phonon-related mechanisms in the GCS effect and the resonance tuning. The GCS effect-based method proposed in this study provides an effective route for locally tunable resonators that can be employed in various hybrid quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Ryu
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinhoon Jeong
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Junho Suh
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Agency For Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon 34186, South Korea
| | - Hyoungsoon Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Graduate School of Quantum Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Cha
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
- Graduate School of Quantum Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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6
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Salimian S, Tavassoly MK, Ghasemi M. Multistage entanglement swapping using superconducting qubits in the absence and presence of dissipative environment without Bell state measurement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16342. [PMID: 37770646 PMCID: PMC10539405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades the entangled state generation is of great importance in the quantum information processing and technologies. In this paper, producing the distributed entangled state of superconducting (SC) qubits is considered using an entanglement swapping protocol in three successive stages. The SC qubit pairs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], where each pair of the qubits has been placed on a separate chip, are initially prepared in maximally entangled states. The external magnetic fields on capacitively coupled pairs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are implemented for modulating the frequency of qubits. Then, the SC qubits [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are converted into entangled states via operating proper measurements instead of Bell state measurement (which is generally a hard task). Finally, the distributed entangled state of target SC qubits [Formula: see text] can be obtained by applying external magnetic fields on qubits [Formula: see text] and via operating suitable measurements. This process is studied in the absence and presence of thermal decoherence effects. The concurrence, as a measure of entanglement between two target qubits, success probability of the distributed entangled states and the corresponding fidelities are evaluated, by which we find that the state of target SC qubits [Formula: see text] is converted to Bell state with maximum entanglement at some moments of time. Under appropriate conditions the maximum of success probability of the obtained states in each stage approaches 1. However, the maxima of concurrence and success probability gradually decrease due to the thermal noise as time goes on. Moreover, compelling amounts of fidelity, success probability and entanglement can be obtained for the achieved entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salimian
- Laser and Optics Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - M K Tavassoly
- Laser and Optics Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - M Ghasemi
- Laser and Optics Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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7
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Du CZ, Wang DW, Zhao CS, Yang J, Zhou L. Quantum illumination based on cavity-optomagnonics system with Kerr nonlinearity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28308-28319. [PMID: 37710888 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum illumination is a quantum optical sensing technique, which employs an entangled source to detect low-reflectivity object immersed in a bright thermal background. Hybrid cavity-optomagnonics system promises to work as quantum illumination because a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere can couple to microwave field and optical field. In this paper, we propose a scheme to enhance the entanglement between the output fields of the microwave and optical cavities by considering the intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity of the YIG. We investigate the difference between intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity and optomagnonical parametric-type coupling on improving entanglement. Our result show that the large value optomagnonical parametric-type coupling does not mean the large entanglement, nevertheless, the large value of Kerr nonlinearity does monotonously improve the entanglement for our group of parameters. Consequently, under feasible parameters of current experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio and probability of detection error can be improved after considering the magnon Kerr nonlinearity.
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8
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Zhao J, Jeng H, Conlon LO, Tserkis S, Shajilal B, Liu K, Ralph TC, Assad SM, Lam PK. Enhancing quantum teleportation efficacy with noiseless linear amplification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4745. [PMID: 37550329 PMCID: PMC10406873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum teleportation constitutes a fundamental tool for various applications in quantum communication and computation. However, state-of-the-art continuous-variable quantum teleportation is restricted to moderate fidelities and short-distance configurations. This is due to unavoidable experimental imperfections resulting in thermal decoherence during the teleportation process. Here we present a heralded quantum teleporter able to overcome these limitations through noiseless linear amplification. As a result, we report a high fidelity of 92% for teleporting coherent states using a modest level of quantum entanglement. Our teleporter in principle allows nearly complete removal of loss induced onto the input states being transmitted through imperfect quantum channels. We further demonstrate the purification of a displaced thermal state, impossible via conventional deterministic amplification or teleportation approaches. The combination of high-fidelity coherent state teleportation alongside the purification of thermalized input states permits the transmission of quantum states over significantly long distances. These results are of both practical and fundamental significance; overcoming long-standing hurdles en route to highly-efficient continuous-variable quantum teleportation, while also shining new light on applying teleportation to purify quantum systems from thermal noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standard and Technology and University of Maryland, College park, 20742, MD, USA
| | - Hao Jeng
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lorcán O Conlon
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Spyros Tserkis
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Biveen Shajilal
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kui Liu
- State key laboratory of quantum optics and quantum optics devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Timothy C Ralph
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Syed M Assad
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634, Singapore.
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9
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Effects of Dipole-Dipole Interaction and Time-Dependent Coupling on the Evolution of Entanglement and Quantum Coherence for Superconducting Qubits in a Nonlinear Field System. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We examine the temporal comportment of formation entanglement and quantum coherence in a quantum system made up of two superconducting charge qubits (SC-Qs), in the case of two different classes of nonlinear field. The results discussed the impact role of time-dependent coupling (T-DC) and dipole-dipole interaction (D-DI) on the temporal comportment of quantum coherence and entanglement in the ordinary and nonlinear field. In addition, we show that the main parameters of the quantum model affect the entanglement of formation and the coherence of the system in a similar way.
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10
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Lee O, Yamamoto K, Umeda M, Zollitsch CW, Elyasi M, Kikkawa T, Saitoh E, Bauer GEW, Kurebayashi H. Nonlinear Magnon Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:046703. [PMID: 36763415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.046703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that nonlinear spin-wave interactions suppress the hybrid magnon-photon quasiparticle or "magnon polariton" in microwave spectra of a yttrium iron garnet film detected by an on-chip split-ring resonator. We observe a strong coupling between the Kittel and microwave cavity modes in terms of an avoided crossing as a function of magnetic fields at low microwave input powers, but a complete closing of the gap at high powers. The experimental results are well explained by a theoretical model including the three-magnon decay of the Kittel magnon into spin waves. The gap closure originates from the saturation of the ferromagnetic resonance above the Suhl instability threshold by a coherent backreaction from the spin waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lee
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - Maki Umeda
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christoph W Zollitsch
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Mehrdad Elyasi
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikkawa
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Eiji Saitoh
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Gerrit E W Bauer
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hidekazu Kurebayashi
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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11
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Butseraen G, Ranadive A, Aparicio N, Rafsanjani Amin K, Juyal A, Esposito M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Roch N, Lefloch F, Renard J. A gate-tunable graphene Josephson parametric amplifier. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1153-1158. [PMID: 36280762 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With a large portfolio of elemental quantum components, superconducting quantum circuits have contributed to advances in microwave quantum optics1. Of these elements, quantum-limited parametric amplifiers2-4 are essential for low noise readout of quantum systems whose energy range is intrinsically low (tens of μeV)5,6. They are also used to generate non-classical states of light that can be a resource for quantum enhanced detection7. Superconducting parametric amplifiers, such as quantum bits, typically use a Josephson junction as a source of magnetically tunable and dissipation-free non-linearity. In recent years, efforts have been made to introduce semiconductor weak links as electrically tunable non-linear elements, with demonstrations of microwave resonators and quantum bits using semiconductor nanowires8,9, a two-dimensional electron gas10, carbon nanotubes11 and graphene12,13. However, given the challenge of balancing non-linearity, dissipation, participation and energy scale, parametric amplifiers have not yet been implemented with a semiconductor weak link. Here, we demonstrate a parametric amplifier leveraging a graphene Josephson junction and show that its working frequency is widely tunable with a gate voltage. We report gain exceeding 20 dB and noise performance close to the standard quantum limit. Our results expand the toolset for electrically tunable superconducting quantum circuits. They also offer opportunities for the development of quantum technologies such as quantum computing, quantum sensing and for fundamental science14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilliam Butseraen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Arpit Ranadive
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Aparicio
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Kazi Rafsanjani Amin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | - Abhishek Juyal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Martina Esposito
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
- CNR-SPIN Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nicolas Roch
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - François Lefloch
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG-PHELIQS, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France.
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12
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Peculiarities of Electron Wave Packet Dynamics in Planar Nanostructures in the Presence of Magnetic and Electric Fields. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, spatially localized electron densities and currents are considered to be candidates for use in the encoding of quantum information. For this reason, the control of their temporal dynamics is an important task. In this work, the spatiotemporal evolution of an electron wave packet in planar nanostructure in the presence of transverse magnetic and lateral electric fields is investigated by direct analytical solution of the non-stationary Schrödinger equation. Methods to control and manage the dynamics of the spatially localized electron density distribution are developed. The production of photon-like quantum states of electrons opens up opportunities for applications similar to quantum optical and quantum information technologies but implemented with charge carriers. Quantum control of the trajectory of the electron wave packet, accompanied by dramatic suppression of its spreading, is demonstrated. This study discovered methods to manage spatially localized electron behavior in a nanostructure that allows a controllable charge quantum transfer and gives rise to new prospects for quantum nanoelectronics technology.
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13
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Zhang Y, Barthel T. Criticality and Phase Classification for Quadratic Open Quantum Many-Body Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:120401. [PMID: 36179179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the steady states of translation-invariant open quantum many-body systems governed by Lindblad master equations, where the Hamiltonian is quadratic in the ladder operators, and the Lindblad operators are either linear or quadratic and Hermitian. These systems are called quasifree and quadratic, respectively. We find that steady states of one-dimensional systems with finite-range interactions necessarily have exponentially decaying Green's functions. For the quasifree case without quadratic Lindblad operators, we show that fermionic systems with finite-range interactions are noncritical for any number of spatial dimensions and provide bounds on the correlation lengths. Quasifree bosonic systems can be critical in D>1 dimensions. Last, we address the question of phase transitions in quadratic systems and find that, without symmetry constraints beyond invariance under single-particle basis and particle-hole transformations, all gapped Liouvillians belong to the same phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Barthel
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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14
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Single electrons on solid neon as a solid-state qubit platform. Nature 2022; 605:46-50. [PMID: 35508782 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progress towards the realization of quantum computers requires persistent advances in their constituent building blocks-qubits. Novel qubit platforms that simultaneously embody long coherence, fast operation and large scalability offer compelling advantages in the construction of quantum computers and many other quantum information systems1-3. Electrons, ubiquitous elementary particles of non-zero charge, spin and mass, have commonly been perceived as paradigmatic local quantum information carriers. Despite superior controllability and configurability, their practical performance as qubits through either motional or spin states depends critically on their material environment3-5. Here we report our experimental realization of a qubit platform based on isolated single electrons trapped on an ultraclean solid neon surface in vacuum6-13. By integrating an electron trap in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture14-20, we achieve strong coupling between the motional states of a single electron and a single microwave photon in an on-chip superconducting resonator. Qubit gate operations and dispersive readout are implemented to measure the energy relaxation time T1 of 15 μs and phase coherence time T2 over 200 ns. These results indicate that the electron-on-solid-neon qubit already performs near the state of the art for a charge qubit21.
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15
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Stefanazzi L, Treptow K, Wilcer N, Stoughton C, Bradford C, Uemura S, Zorzetti S, Montella S, Cancelo G, Sussman S, Houck A, Saxena S, Arnaldi H, Agrawal A, Zhang H, Ding C, Schuster DI. The QICK (Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit): Readout and control for qubits and detectors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:044709. [PMID: 35489924 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a Xilinx RF System-on-Chip (RFSoC)-based qubit controller (called the Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit, or QICK for short), which supports the direct synthesis of control pulses with carrier frequencies of up to 6 GHz. The QICK can control multiple qubits or other quantum devices. The QICK consists of a digital board hosting an RFSoC field-programmable gate array, custom firmware, and software and an optional companion custom-designed analog front-end board. We characterize the analog performance of the system as well as its digital latency, important for quantum error correction and feedback protocols. We benchmark the controller by performing standard characterizations of a transmon qubit. We achieve an average gate fidelity of Favg=99.93%. All of the schematics, firmware, and software are open-source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Treptow
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Neal Wilcer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Chris Stoughton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Collin Bradford
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Sho Uemura
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Silvia Zorzetti
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - Gustavo Cancelo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Sara Sussman
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Andrew Houck
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Shefali Saxena
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Ankur Agrawal
- Department of Physics and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Helin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Chunyang Ding
- Department of Physics and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- Department of Physics and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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16
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Bioinspired Molecular Qubits and Nanoparticle Ensembles That Could Be Initialized, Manipulated, and Read Out under Mild Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:508-513. [PMID: 35005961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computation and quantum information processing are emerging technologies that have potential to overcome the physical limitation of traditional computation systems. Present quantum systems based on photons, atoms, and molecules, however, all face challenges such as short coherence time, requirement of ultralow temperature and/or high vacuum, and lack of scalability. We report new types of molecular qubits and nanoparticle ensembles based on thermally controllable transformation between J-aggregation and monomeric states of molecular chromophores using pyrrolopyrrole cyanine tethered with polymeric chains such as polycaprolactones as an example. Such supramolecular quantum systems, resembling some feature of light harvesting complexes in photosynthesis, provide new opportunities for manipulating quantum information under mild conditions, which do not require complicated ultracooling and/or high vacuum often involved in superconducting qubits or Rydberg atoms for quantum computation and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518172
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518172
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518172
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17
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Ma WL, Puri S, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1789-1805. [PMID: 36654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic modes have wide applications in various quantum technologies, such as optical photons for quantum communication, magnons in spin ensembles for quantum information storage and mechanical modes for reversible microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. There is emerging interest in utilizing bosonic modes for quantum information processing, with circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) as one of the leading architectures. Quantum information can be encoded into subspaces of a bosonic superconducting cavity mode with long coherence time. However, standard Gaussian operations (e.g., beam splitting and two-mode squeezing) are insufficient for universal quantum computing. The major challenge is to introduce additional nonlinear control beyond Gaussian operations without adding significant bosonic loss or decoherence. Here we review recent advances in universal control of a single bosonic code with superconducting circuits, including unitary control, quantum feedback control, driven-dissipative control and holonomic dissipative control. Various approaches to entangling different bosonic modes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Michel H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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18
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Xu Y, Sayem AA, Fan L, Zou CL, Wang S, Cheng R, Fu W, Yang L, Xu M, Tang HX. Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4453. [PMID: 34294711 PMCID: PMC8298523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconducting cavity electro-optics presents a promising route to coherently convert microwave and optical photons and distribute quantum entanglement between superconducting circuits over long-distance. Strong Pockels nonlinearity and high-performance optical cavity are the prerequisites for high conversion efficiency. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers these desired characteristics. Despite significant recent progresses, only unidirectional conversion with efficiencies on the order of 10-5 has been realized. In this article, we demonstrate the bidirectional electro-optic conversion in TFLN-superconductor hybrid system, with conversion efficiency improved by more than three orders of magnitude. Our air-clad device architecture boosts the sustainable intracavity pump power at cryogenic temperatures by suppressing the prominent photorefractive effect that limits cryogenic performance of TFLN, and reaches an efficiency of 1.02% (internal efficiency of 15.2%). This work firmly establishes the TFLN-superconductor hybrid EO system as a highly competitive transduction platform for future quantum network applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ayed Al Sayem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linran Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sihao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Risheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Likai Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mingrui Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Lenz S, König D, Hunger D, van Slageren J. Room-Temperature Quantum Memories Based on Molecular Electron Spin Ensembles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101673. [PMID: 34106491 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst quantum computing has recently taken great leaps ahead, the development of quantum memories has decidedly lagged behind. Quantum memories are essential devices in the quantum technology palette and are needed for intermediate storage of quantum bit states and as quantum repeaters in long-distance quantum communication. Current quantum memories operate at cryogenic, mostly sub-Kelvin temperatures and require extensive and costly peripheral hardware. It is demonstrated that ensembles of weakly coupled molecular spins show long coherence times and can be used to store microwave pulses of arbitrary phase. These studies exploit strong coupling of the spin ensemble to special 3D microwave resonators. Most importantly, these systems operate at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dennis König
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Greer M, Ariando D, Hurlimann M, Song YQ, Mandal S. Analytical models of probe dynamics effects on NMR measurements. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 327:106975. [PMID: 33873092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of three common NMR probe circuits (untuned, tuned, and impedance-matched) and studies their effects on multi-pulse experiments, such as those based on the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence. The magnitude of probe dynamics effects on broadband refocusing pulses are studied as a function of normalized RF bandwidth. Finally, the probe circuit models are integrated with spin dynamics simulations to design hardware-specific RF excitation and refocusing pulses for optimizing user-specified metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in grossly inhomogeneous fields. Preliminary experimental results on untuned probes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Greer
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - David Ariando
- University of Florida, 1064 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | | | - Yi-Qiao Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Soumyajit Mandal
- University of Florida, 1064 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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21
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Delmonte A, Crescente A, Carrega M, Ferraro D, Sassetti M. Characterization of a Two-Photon Quantum Battery: Initial Conditions, Stability and Work Extraction. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:612. [PMID: 34069301 PMCID: PMC8155984 DOI: 10.3390/e23050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We consider a quantum battery that is based on a two-level system coupled with a cavity radiation by means of a two-photon interaction. Various figures of merit, such as stored energy, average charging power, energy fluctuations, and extractable work are investigated, considering, as possible initial conditions for the cavity, a Fock state, a coherent state, and a squeezed state. We show that the first state leads to better performances for the battery. However, a coherent state with the same average number of photons, even if it is affected by stronger fluctuations in the stored energy, results in quite interesting performance, in particular since it allows for almost completely extracting the stored energy as usable work at short enough times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Delmonte
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alba Crescente
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (M.S.)
- SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Dario Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (M.S.)
- SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | - Maura Sassetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy; (A.D.); (A.C.); (M.S.)
- SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy;
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22
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Wang Z, Xu M, Han X, Fu W, Puri S, Girvin SM, Tang HX, Shankar S, Devoret MH. Quantum Microwave Radiometry with a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:180501. [PMID: 34018799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of photons and coherent quantum systems can be employed to detect electromagnetic radiation with remarkable sensitivity. We introduce a quantum radiometer based on the photon-induced dephasing process of a superconducting qubit for sensing microwave radiation at the subunit photon level. Using this radiometer, we demonstrate the radiative cooling of a 1 K microwave resonator and measure its mode temperature with an uncertainty ∼0.01 K. We thus develop a precise tool for studying the thermodynamics of quantum microwave circuits, which provides new solutions for calibrating hybrid quantum systems and detecting candidate particles for dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Mingrui Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Shankar
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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23
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Rivero JDH, Pan M, Makris KG, Feng L, Ge L. Non-Hermiticity-Governed Active Photonic Resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:163901. [PMID: 33961473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.163901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photonic resonances play an essential role in the generation and propagation of light in optical and photonic devices, as well as in light-matter interaction, including nonlinear optical responses. Previous studies in lasers and other open systems have shown exotic roles played by non-Hermiticity on modifying passive resonances, defined in the absence of optical gain and loss. Here we report a new type of resonances in non-Hermitian photonic systems that does not originate from a passive resonance, identified by analyzing a unique quantization condition in the non-Hermitian extension of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method. Termed active photonic resonances, these unique resonances are found in non-Hermitian systems with a spatially correlated complex dielectric function, which is related to supersymmetry quantum mechanics after a Wick rotation. Remarkably, such an active photonic resonance shifts continuously on the real frequency axis as optical gain increases, suggesting the possibility of a tunable on-chip laser that can span a wavelength range over 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D H Rivero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Mingsen Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Konstantinos G Makris
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, The Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA
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24
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Van Regemortel M, Cian ZP, Seif A, Dehghani H, Hafezi M. Entanglement Entropy Scaling Transition under Competing Monitoring Protocols. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:123604. [PMID: 33834828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation generally leads to the decoherence of a quantum state. In contrast, numerous recent proposals have illustrated that dissipation can also be tailored to stabilize many-body entangled quantum states. While the focus of these works has been primarily on engineering the nonequilibrium steady state, we investigate the buildup of entanglement in the quantum trajectories. Specifically, we analyze the competition between two different dissipation channels arising from two incompatible continuous monitoring protocols. The first protocol locks the phase of neighboring sites upon registering a quantum jump, thereby generating a long-range entanglement through the system, while the second destroys the coherence via a dephasing mechanism. By studying the unraveling of stochastic quantum trajectories associated with the continuous monitoring protocols, we present a transition for the scaling of the averaged trajectory entanglement entropies, from critical scaling to area-law behavior. Our work provides an alternative perspective on the measurement-induced phase transition: the measurement can be viewed as monitoring and registering quantum jumps, offering an intriguing extension of these phase transitions through the long-established realm of quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Van Regemortel
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA and The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Ze-Pei Cian
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA and The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Alireza Seif
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA and The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Hossein Dehghani
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA and The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA and The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
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25
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Rubín-Osanz M, Lambert F, Shao F, Rivière E, Guillot R, Suaud N, Guihéry N, Zueco D, Barra AL, Mallah T, Luis F. Chemical tuning of spin clock transitions in molecular monomers based on nuclear spin-free Ni(ii). Chem Sci 2021; 12:5123-5133. [PMID: 34168771 PMCID: PMC8179637 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the existence of a sizeable quantum tunnelling splitting between the two lowest electronic spin levels of mononuclear Ni complexes. The level anti-crossing, or magnetic "clock transition", associated with this gap has been directly monitored by heat capacity experiments. The comparison of these results with those obtained for a Co derivative, for which tunnelling is forbidden by symmetry, shows that the clock transition leads to an effective suppression of intermolecular spin-spin interactions. In addition, we show that the quantum tunnelling splitting admits a chemical tuning via the modification of the ligand shell that determines the crystal field and the magnetic anisotropy. These properties are crucial to realize model spin qubits that combine the necessary resilience against decoherence, a proper interfacing with other qubits and with the control circuitry and the ability to initialize them by cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rubín-Osanz
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - François Lambert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Feng Shao
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Eric Rivière
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Suaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Nathalie Guihéry
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - David Zueco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Anne-Laure Barra
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-Univ. Grenoble-Alpes 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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26
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Doronin IV, Zyablovsky AA, Andrianov ES. Strong-coupling-assisted formation of coherent radiation below the lasing threshold. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5624-5634. [PMID: 33726096 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The creation of nanoscale lasers that operate above a coherent threshold is a challenging problem. We propose a way to circumvent this issue using systems in which a strong coupling regime is achieved between the light and the active medium. In the strong coupling regime, energy oscillations take place between the EM field in the cavity and the atoms. We show that by applying appropriate time modulation to the pumping, it is possible to control these energy oscillations in such a way that coherence in the laser system appears below the lasing threshold. In this approach, the radiation linewidth is two orders of magnitude smaller than the linewidth of a conventional laser for the same photon number. In addition, the second order coherence function of the output radiation is reduced from two to one before the system reaches a positive population inversion. Our results pave the way for the creation of nanoscale sources of coherent radiation that can operate below the lasing threshold.
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Weichselbaumer S, Zens M, Zollitsch CW, Brandt MS, Rotter S, Gross R, Huebl H. Echo Trains in Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance of a Strongly Coupled Spin Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:137701. [PMID: 33034465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.137701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel dynamical phenomenon in electron spin resonance experiments of phosphorus donors. When strongly coupling the paramagnetic ensemble to a superconducting lumped element resonator, the coherent exchange between these two subsystems leads to a train of periodic, self-stimulated echoes after a conventional Hahn echo pulse sequence. The presence of these multiecho signatures is explained using a simple model based on spins rotating on the Bloch sphere, backed up by numerical calculations using the inhomogeneous Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weichselbaumer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Zens
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christoph W Zollitsch
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin S Brandt
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Hans Huebl
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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28
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Pauls A, Lekavicius I, Wang H. Coupling silicon vacancy centers in a thin diamond membrane to a silica optical microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27300-27307. [PMID: 32988026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a composite cavity QED system, in which silicon vacancy centers in a diamond membrane as thin as 100 nm couple to optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a silica microsphere with a diameter of order 50 µm. The membrane induces a linewidth broadening of 3 MHz for equatorial and off-resonant WGMs, while the overall linewidth of the composite system remains below 40 MHz. Photoluminescence experiments in the cavity QED setting demonstrate the efficient coupling of optical emissions from silicon vacancy centers into the WGMs. Additional analysis indicates that the composite system can be used to achieve the good cavity limit in cavity QED, enabling an experimental platform for applications such as state transfer between spins and photons.
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29
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Cano D, Ferrier A, Soundarapandian K, Reserbat-Plantey A, Scarafagio M, Tallaire A, Seyeux A, Marcus P, Riedmatten HD, Goldner P, Koppens FHL, Tielrooij KJ. Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4094. [PMID: 32796825 PMCID: PMC7427803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining the quantum optical properties of single-photon emitters with the strong near-field interactions available in nanophotonic and plasmonic systems is a powerful way of creating quantum manipulation and metrological functionalities. The ability to actively and dynamically modulate emitter-environment interactions is of particular interest in this regard. While thermal, mechanical and optical modulation have been demonstrated, electrical modulation has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we realize fast, all-electrical modulation of the near-field interactions between a nanolayer of erbium emitters and graphene, by in-situ tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. We demonstrate strong interactions with a >1000-fold increased decay rate for ~25% of the emitters, and electrically modulate these interactions with frequencies up to 300 kHz - orders of magnitude faster than the emitter's radiative decay (~100 Hz). This constitutes an enabling platform for integrated quantum technologies, opening routes to quantum entanglement generation by collective plasmon emission or photon emission with controlled waveform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cano
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alban Ferrier
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Universités, UFR 933, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karuppasamy Soundarapandian
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antoine Reserbat-Plantey
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marion Scarafagio
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Tallaire
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Seyeux
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marcus
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain. .,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Gimeno I, Kersten W, Pallarés MC, Hermosilla P, Martínez-Pérez MJ, Jenkins MD, Angerer A, Sánchez-Azqueta C, Zueco D, Majer J, Lostao A, Luis F. Enhanced Molecular Spin-Photon Coupling at Superconducting Nanoconstrictions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8707-8715. [PMID: 32441922 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We combine top-down and bottom-up nanolithography to optimize the coupling of small molecular spin ensembles to 1.4 GHz on-chip superconducting resonators. Nanoscopic constrictions, fabricated with a focused ion beam at the central transmission line, locally concentrate the microwave magnetic field. Drops of free-radical molecules have been deposited from solution onto the circuits. For the smallest ones, the molecules were delivered at the relevant circuit areas by means of an atomic force microscope. The number of spins Neff effectively coupled to each device was accurately determined combining Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopies. The collective spin-photon coupling constant has been determined for samples with Neff ranging between 2 × 106 and 1012 spins, and for temperatures down to 44 mK. The results show the well-known collective enhancement of the coupling proportional to the square root of Neff. The average coupling of individual spins is enhanced by more than 4 orders of magnitude (from 4 mHz up to above 180 Hz), when the transmission line width is reduced from 400 μm down to 42 nm, and reaches maximum values near 1 kHz for molecules located on the smallest nanoconstrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gimeno
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wenzel Kersten
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - María C Pallarés
- Laboratorio de Microscopı́as Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Hermosilla
- Laboratorio de Microscopı́as Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mark D Jenkins
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andreas Angerer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Johannes Majer
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopı́as Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Two-dimensional optomechanical crystal cavity with high quantum cooperativity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3373. [PMID: 32632132 PMCID: PMC7338352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Optomechanical systems offer new opportunities in quantum information processing and quantum sensing. Many solid-state quantum devices operate at millikelvin temperatures—however, it has proven challenging to operate nanoscale optomechanical devices at these ultralow temperatures due to their limited thermal conductance and parasitic optical absorption. Here, we present a two-dimensional optomechanical crystal resonator capable of achieving large cooperativity C and small effective bath occupancy nb, resulting in a quantum cooperativity Ceff ≡ C/nb > 1 under continuous-wave optical driving. This is realized using a two-dimensional phononic bandgap structure to host the optomechanical cavity, simultaneously isolating the acoustic mode of interest in the bandgap while allowing heat to be removed by phonon modes outside of the bandgap. This achievement paves the way for a variety of applications requiring quantum-coherent optomechanical interactions, such as transducers capable of bi-directional conversion of quantum states between microwave frequency superconducting quantum circuits and optical photons in a fiber optic network. The authors demonstrate a two-dimensional optomechanical crystal cavity which traps a phonon mode within a phononic bandgap while yielding large thermal conductivity to the environment. High quantum cooperativity at millikelvin temperatures is realized, suitable for quantum coherent control.
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32
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Epitaxial bulk acoustic wave resonators as highly coherent multi-phonon sources for quantum acoustodynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2314. [PMID: 32385280 PMCID: PMC7210958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state quantum acoustodynamic (QAD) systems provide a compact platform for quantum information storage and processing by coupling acoustic phonon sources with superconducting or spin qubits. The multi-mode composite high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonator (HBAR) is a popular phonon source well suited for QAD. However, scattering from defects, grain boundaries, and interfacial/surface roughness in the composite transducer severely limits the phonon relaxation time in sputter-deposited devices. Here, we grow an epitaxial-HBAR, consisting of a metallic NbN bottom electrode and a piezoelectric GaN film on a SiC substrate. The acoustic impedance-matched epi-HBAR has a power injection efficiency >99% from transducer to phonon cavity. The smooth interfaces and low defect density reduce phonon losses, yielding (f × Q) and phonon lifetimes up to 1.36 × 1017 Hz and 500 µs respectively. The GaN/NbN/SiC epi-HBAR is an electrically actuated, multi-mode phonon source that can be directly interfaced with NbN-based superconducting qubits or SiC-based spin qubits.
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33
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Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb0451. [PMID: 32548249 PMCID: PMC7272231 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum illumination uses entangled signal-idler photon pairs to boost the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects in environments with bright thermal noise. Its advantage is particularly evident at low signal powers, a promising feature for applications such as noninvasive biomedical scanning or low-power short-range radar. Here, we experimentally investigate the concept of quantum illumination at microwave frequencies. We generate entangled fields to illuminate a room-temperature object at a distance of 1 m in a free-space detection setup. We implement a digital phase-conjugate receiver based on linear quadrature measurements that outperforms a symmetric classical noise radar in the same conditions, despite the entanglement-breaking signal path. Starting from experimental data, we also simulate the case of perfect idler photon number detection, which results in a quantum advantage compared with the relative classical benchmark. Our results highlight the opportunities and challenges in the way toward a first room-temperature application of microwave quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Barzanjeh
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - S. Pirandola
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, Deramore Lane, York YO10 5GH, UK
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - D. Vitali
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Perugia Italy
- CNR-INO, Florence, Italy
| | - J. M. Fink
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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34
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Hauke P, Katzgraber HG, Lechner W, Nishimori H, Oliver WD. Perspectives of quantum annealing: methods and implementations. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:054401. [PMID: 32235066 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab85b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantum annealing is a computing paradigm that has the ambitious goal of efficiently solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems of practical importance. However, many challenges have yet to be overcome before this goal can be reached. This perspectives article first gives a brief introduction to the concept of quantum annealing, and then highlights new pathways that may clear the way towards feasible and large scale quantum annealing. Moreover, since this field of research is to a strong degree driven by a synergy between experiment and theory, we discuss both in this work. An important focus in this article is on future perspectives, which complements other review articles, and which we hope will motivate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hauke
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123Povo (TN), Italy. Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Sarkar R, Habib M, Kar M, Pramanik A, Pal S, Sarkar P. Structural rigidity accelerates quantum decoherence and extends carrier lifetime in porphyrin nanoballs: a time domain atomistic simulation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1502-1511. [PMID: 36132296 PMCID: PMC9419611 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative electron-hole (e-h) recombination is the primary source of energy loss in photovoltaic cells and inevitably, it competes with the charge transfer process, leading to poor device performance. Therefore, much attention has to be paid for delaying such processes; increasing the excitonic lifetime may be a solution for this. Using the real-time, density functional tight-binding theory (DFTB) combined with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, we demonstrate the exciton relaxation phenomena of different metal-centered porphyrin nanoballs, which are supposed to be very important for the light-harvesting process. It has been revealed that the carrier recombination rate gradually decreases with the increase in the molecular stiffness by introducing metal-coordinating templating agents into the nanoball. Our simulation demonstrates that the lower atomic fluctuations lead to poorer electron-phonon nonadiabatic coupling in association with weak phonon modes and these as a whole are responsible for shorter quantum coherence and hence delayed recombination events. Our analysis is in good agreement with the recent experimental observation. By replacing the Zn metal center with a heavier Cd atom, a similar trend is observed; however, the rate slows down abruptly. The present simulation study provides the fundamental mechanism in detail behind the undesired energy loss during exciton recombination and suggests a rational design of impressive nanosystems for future device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga Malda - 732103 India
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga Malda - 732103 India
| | - Moumita Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan - 731235 India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan - 731235 India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga Malda - 732103 India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan - 731235 India
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36
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Schütz S, Schachenmayer J, Hagenmüller D, Brennen GK, Volz T, Sandoghdar V, Ebbesen TW, Genes C, Pupillo G. Ensemble-Induced Strong Light-Matter Coupling of a Single Quantum Emitter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:113602. [PMID: 32242709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We discuss a technique to strongly couple a single target quantum emitter to a cavity mode, which is enabled by virtual excitations of a nearby mesoscopic ensemble of emitters. A collective coupling of the latter to both the cavity and the target emitter induces strong photon nonlinearities in addition to polariton formation, in contrast to common schemes for ensemble strong coupling. We demonstrate that strong coupling at the level of a single emitter can be engineered via coherent and dissipative dipolar interactions with the ensemble, and provide realistic parameters for a possible implementation with SiV^{-} defects in diamond. Our scheme can find applications, amongst others, in quantum information processing or in the field of cavity-assisted quantum chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schütz
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - J Schachenmayer
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and IPCMS (UMR 7504), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Hagenmüller
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G K Brennen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - T Volz
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - V Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T W Ebbesen
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Pupillo
- ISIS (UMR 7006) and icFRC, University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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37
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Liao Q, Xiao X, Nie W, Zhou N. Transparency and tunable slow-fast light in a hybrid cavity optomechanical system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5288-5305. [PMID: 32121753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) phenomenon in a hybrid optomechanical system composing of an optomechanical cavity and a traditional one. A Kerr medium is inserted in the optomechanical cavity and the other traps the atomic ensemble. We demonstrate the appearance of electromagnetically and optomechanically induced transparency when there is only Kerr medium or atoms in the system. We give an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the transparency. Moreover, we set up new scheme for the measurement of Kerr coefficient and the single atom-photon coupling strength. It is shown that Kerr nonlinearity can inhibit the normal mode splitting (NMS) when the tunnel strength is strong coupling. Furthermore, in the output field, slow light and fast light are converted to realize the tunable switch from slow light to fast light. This study has some important guiding significance in the fields of the high precision measurement and quantum information processing.
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38
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Hütner J, Hoinkes T, Becker M, Rothhardt M, Rauschenbeutel A, Skoff SM. Nanofiber-based high-Q microresonator for cryogenic applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:3249-3257. [PMID: 32121997 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cryo-compatible, fully fiber-integrated, alignment-free optical microresonator. The compatibility with low temperatures expands its possible applications to the wide field of solid-state quantum optics, where a cryogenic environment is often a requirement. At a temperature of 4.6 K we obtain a quality factor of (9.9 ± 0.7) × 106. In conjunction with the small mode volume provided by the nanofiber, this cavity can be either used in the coherent dynamics or the fast cavity regime, where it can provide a Purcell factor of up to 15. Our resonator is therefore suitable for significantly enhancing the coupling between light and a large variety of different quantum emitters and due to its proven performance over a wide temperature range, also lends itself for the implementation of quantum hybrid systems.
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39
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Sinha K, Meystre P, Goldschmidt EA, Fatemi FK, Rolston SL, Solano P. Non-Markovian Collective Emission from Macroscopically Separated Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043603. [PMID: 32058765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective radiative decay of a system of two two-level emitters coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide in a regime where their separation is comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon. The electromagnetic field propagating in the cavity-like geometry formed by the emitters exerts a retarded backaction on the system leading to strongly non-Markovian dynamics. The collective spontaneous emission rate of the emitters exhibits an enhancement or inhibition beyond the usual Dicke superradiance and subradiance due to self-consistent coherent time-delayed feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Sinha
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pierre Meystre
- Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | - S L Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pablo Solano
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Maryland 02139, USA
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40
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Landa H, Schiró M, Misguich G. Multistability of Driven-Dissipative Quantum Spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043601. [PMID: 32058770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of lattice models of quantum spins one-half, driven by a coherent drive and subject to dissipation. Generically the mean-field limit of these models manifests multistable parameter regions of coexisting steady states with different magnetizations. We introduce an efficient scheme accounting for the corrections to mean field by correlations at leading order, and benchmark this scheme using high-precision numerics based on matrix-product operators in one- and two-dimensional lattices. Correlations are shown to wash the mean-field bistability in dimension one, leading to a unique steady state. In dimension two and higher, we find that multistability is again possible, provided the thermodynamic limit of an infinitely large lattice is taken first with respect to the longtime limit. Variation of the system parameters results in jumps between the different steady states, each showing a critical slowing down in the convergence of perturbations towards the steady state. Experiments with trapped ions can realize the model and possibly answer open questions in the nonequilibrium many-body dynamics of these quantum systems, beyond the system sizes accessible to present numerics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haggai Landa
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marco Schiró
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Grégoire Misguich
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France
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41
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Lenz S, Hunger D, van Slageren J. Strong coupling between resonators and spin ensembles in the presence of exchange couplings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12837-12840. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04841k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exchange–dependent strong coupling between DPPH radical spins and 3D microwave cavity coupling up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST
- University of Stuttgart
- Stuttgart 70569
- Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST
- University of Stuttgart
- Stuttgart 70569
- Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST
- University of Stuttgart
- Stuttgart 70569
- Germany
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42
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Hann CT, Zou CL, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Schoelkopf RJ, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Hardware-Efficient Quantum Random Access Memory with Hybrid Quantum Acoustic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250501. [PMID: 31922763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems in which acoustic resonators couple to superconducting qubits are promising quantum information platforms. High quality factors and small mode volumes make acoustic modes ideal quantum memories, while the qubit-phonon coupling enables the initialization and manipulation of quantum states. We present a scheme for quantum computing with multimode quantum acoustic systems, and based on this scheme, propose a hardware-efficient implementation of a quantum random access memory (QRAM). Quantum information is stored in high-Q phonon modes, and couplings between modes are engineered by applying off-resonant drives to a transmon qubit. In comparison to existing proposals that involve directly exciting the qubit, this scheme can offer a substantial improvement in gate fidelity for long-lived acoustic modes. We show how these engineered phonon-phonon couplings can be used to access data in superposition according to the state of designated address modes-implementing a QRAM on a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T Hann
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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43
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McKenna TP, Patel RN, Witmer JD, Van Laer R, Valery JA, Safavi-Naeini AH. Cryogenic packaging of an optomechanical crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28782-28791. [PMID: 31684622 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to simplify optical coupling techniques for low-temperature integrated photonics experiments. Various promising and scalable photonic packaging techniques have been under development, but few methods compatible with low-temperature operation have been reported. Here, we demonstrate 25% coupling efficiency from an optical fiber to a silicon optomechanical crystal at 7 mK in a dilution refrigerator without in-situ optical alignment at cryogenic temperatures. Our coupling scheme uses angle-polished fibers glued to the surface of the chip. The technique paves the way for scalable integration of optical technologies at low temperatures, circumventing the need for optical alignment in a highly constrained cryogenic environment. The technique is broadly applicable to studies of low-temperature optical physics and to emerging quantum photonic technologies.
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44
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Hou JT, Liu L. Strong Coupling between Microwave Photons and Nanomagnet Magnons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:107702. [PMID: 31573285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coupled microwave photon-magnon hybrid systems offer promising applications by harnessing various magnon physics. At present, in order to realize high coupling strength between the two subsystems, bulky ferromagnets with large spin numbers are utilized, which limits their potential applications for scalable quantum information processing. By enhancing single spin coupling strength using lithographically defined superconducting resonators, we report high cooperativities between a resonator mode and a Kittel mode in nanometer thick Permalloy wires. The on-chip, lithographically scalable, and superconducting quantum circuit compatible design provides a direct route towards realizing hybrid quantum systems with nanomagnets, whose coupling strength can be precisely engineered and dynamic properties can be controlled by various mechanisms derived from spintronic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Hou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Luqiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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45
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Ramp H, Hauer B, Balram K, Clark T, Srinivasan K, Davis J. Elimination of Thermomechanical Noise in Piezoelectric Optomechanical Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:093603. [PMID: 31524457 PMCID: PMC10941253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical modes are a potentially useful resource for quantum information applications, such as quantum-level wavelength transducers, due to their ability to interact with electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum. A significant challenge for wavelength transducers is thermomechanical noise in the mechanical mode, which pollutes the transduced signal with thermal states. In this Letter, we eliminate thermomechanical noise in the GHz-frequency mechanical breathing mode of a piezoelectric optomechanical crystal using cryogenic cooling in a dilution refrigerator. We optically measure an average thermal occupancy of the mechanical mode of only 0.7±0.4 phonons, providing a path towards low-noise microwave-to-optical conversion in the quantum regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ramp
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - B.D. Hauer
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - K.C. Balram
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - T.J. Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - K. Srinivasan
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - J.P. Davis
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada
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46
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Cian ZP, Zhu G, Chu SK, Seif A, DeGottardi W, Jiang L, Hafezi M. Photon Pair Condensation by Engineered Dissipation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:063602. [PMID: 31491141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation can usually induce detrimental decoherence in a quantum system. However, engineered dissipation can be used to prepare and stabilize coherent quantum many-body states. Here, we show that, by engineering dissipators containing photon pair operators, one can stabilize an exotic dark state, which is a condensate of photon pairs with a phase-nematic order. In this system, the usual superfluid order parameter, i.e., single-photon correlation, is absent, while the photon pair correlation exhibits long-range order. Although the dark state is not unique due to multiple parity sectors, we devise an additional type of dissipators to stabilize the dark state in a particular parity sector via a diffusive annihilation process which obeys Glauber dynamics in an Ising model. Furthermore, we propose an implementation of these photon pair dissipators in circuit-QED architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Pei Cian
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Su-Kuan Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alireza Seif
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Wade DeGottardi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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47
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Popolitova DV, Klenov NV, Soloviev II, Bakurskiy SV, Tikhonova OV. Unipolar magnetic field pulses as an advantageous tool for ultrafast operations in superconducting Josephson "atoms". BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1548-1558. [PMID: 31467819 PMCID: PMC6693414 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical approach to the consistent full quantum description of the ultrafast population transfer and magnetization reversal in superconducting meta-atoms induced by picosecond unipolar pulses of a magnetic field is developed. A promising scheme based on the regime of stimulated Raman Λ-type transitions between qubit states via upper-lying levels is suggested in order to provide ultrafast quantum operations on the picosecond time scale. The experimental realization of a circuit-on-chip for the discussed ultrafast control is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Popolitova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Klenov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Automatics n.a. N.L. Dukhov (VNIIA), 127055, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), 111024 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Soloviev
- All-Russian Research Institute of Automatics n.a. N.L. Dukhov (VNIIA), 127055, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey V Bakurskiy
- All-Russian Research Institute of Automatics n.a. N.L. Dukhov (VNIIA), 127055, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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48
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Ultrastrong coupling probed by Coherent Population Transfer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9249. [PMID: 31239455 PMCID: PMC6592926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-matter interaction, and the understanding of the fundamental physics behind, is the scenario of emerging quantum technologies. Solid state devices allow the exploration of new regimes where ultrastrong coupling strengths are comparable to subsystem energies, and new exotic phenomena like quantum phase transitions and ground-state entanglement occur. While experiments so far provided only spectroscopic evidence of ultrastrong coupling, we propose a new dynamical protocol for detecting virtual photon pairs in the dressed eigenstates. This is the fingerprint of the violated conservation of the number of excitations, which heralds the symmetry broken by ultrastrong coupling. We show that in flux-based superconducting architectures this photon production channel can be coherently amplified by Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage, providing a unique tool for an unambiguous dynamical detection of ultrastrong coupling in present day hardware. This protocol could be a benchmark for control of the dynamics of ultrastrong coupling architectures, in view of applications to quantum information and microwave quantum photonics.
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49
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Abstract
Spins in solids or in molecules possess discrete energy levels, and the associated quantum states can be tuned and coherently manipulated by means of external electromagnetic fields. Spins therefore provide one of the simplest platforms to encode a quantum bit (qubit), the elementary unit of future quantum computers. Performing any useful computation demands much more than realizing a robust qubit-one also needs a large number of qubits and a reliable manner with which to integrate them into a complex circuitry that can store and process information and implement quantum algorithms. This 'scalability' is arguably one of the challenges for which a chemistry-based bottom-up approach is best-suited. Molecules, being much more versatile than atoms, and yet microscopic, are the quantum objects with the highest capacity to form non-trivial ordered states at the nanoscale and to be replicated in large numbers using chemical tools.
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50
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Kalaee M, Mirhosseini M, Dieterle PB, Peruzzo M, Fink JM, Painter O. Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:334-339. [PMID: 30778214 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical developments in the fields of quantum electromechanics and optomechanics have spawned nanoscale mechanical transducers with the sensitivity to measure mechanical displacements at the femtometre scale and the ability to convert electromagnetic signals at the single photon level. A key challenge in this field is obtaining strong coupling between motion and electromagnetic fields without adding additional decoherence. Here we present an electromechanical transducer that integrates a high-frequency (0.42 GHz) hypersonic phononic crystal with a superconducting microwave circuit. The use of a phononic bandgap crystal enables quantum-level transduction of hypersonic mechanical motion and concurrently eliminates decoherence caused by acoustic radiation. Devices with hypersonic mechanical frequencies provide a natural pathway for integration with Josephson junction quantum circuits, a leading quantum computing technology, and nanophotonic systems capable of optical networking and distributing quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kalaee
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Mirhosseini
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Paul B Dieterle
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Matilda Peruzzo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Johannes M Fink
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Oskar Painter
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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