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Day NJ, Kelly SS, Lui LY, Mansfield TA, Gaffrey MJ, Trejo JB, Sagendorf TJ, Attah IK, Moore RJ, Douglas CM, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Kramer PA, Marcinek DJ, Coen PM, Goodpaster BH, Hepple RT, Cawthon PM, Petyuk VA, Esser KA, Qian WJ, Cummings SR. Signatures of cysteine oxidation on muscle structural and contractile proteins are associated with physical performance and muscle function in older adults: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). Aging Cell 2024:e14094. [PMID: 38332629 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered a contributor to declining muscle function and mobility during aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly described. We hypothesized that greater levels of cysteine (Cys) oxidation on muscle proteins are associated with decreased measures of mobility. Herein, we applied a novel redox proteomics approach to measure reversible protein Cys oxidation in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from 56 subjects in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA), a community-based cohort study of individuals aged 70 years and older. We tested whether levels of Cys oxidation on key muscle proteins involved in muscle structure and contraction were associated with muscle function (leg power and strength), walking speed, and fitness (VO2 peak on cardiopulmonary exercise testing) using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and body weight. Higher oxidation levels of select nebulin Cys sites were associated with lower VO2 peak, while greater oxidation of myomesin-1, myomesin-2, and nebulin Cys sites was associated with slower walking speed. Higher oxidation of Cys sites in key proteins such as myomesin-2, alpha-actinin-2, and skeletal muscle alpha-actin were associated with lower leg power and strength. We also observed an unexpected correlation (R = 0.48) between a higher oxidation level of eight Cys sites in alpha-actinin-3 and stronger leg power. Despite this observation, the results generally support the hypothesis that Cys oxidation of muscle proteins impairs muscle power and strength, walking speed, and cardiopulmonary fitness with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Day
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Shane S Kelly
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tyler A Mansfield
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse B Trejo
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Tyler J Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Collin M Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip A Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Petrovic T, Djelic M, Zdravkovic M, Gavrilovic T, Atanasijevic N, Stojkovic O. Principal components analysis to evaluate complex association of polymorphisms in ACE and ACTN3 genes and the extent of cardiovascular adaptive changes in elite athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:192-200. [PMID: 38093640 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Present article aims at clarifying the association of ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms with adaptive heart changes in elite athletes from power, endurance and mixed sport disciplines using the principal component analysis (PCA). METHODS Overall, 281 elite male athletes are divided into three groups: strength-type sports, endurance and mixed sports. After anthropometric measurements, physical and ultrasound examination of the heart, the athletes were exposed to a physical load test. All groups were analyzed for functional ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms. In order to convert a set of examined, possibly correlated adaptive cardiovascular changes into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables we used principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS The type of sport significantly affects not only the athlete's anthropometric characteristics, but also on the scope and specificity of the investigated adaptive cardiovascular changes. Athletes from the mixed group of sports showed the best working efficiency of the heart. PCA showed that the type of sport, but not genetic predisposition affects the co-adaptation of complex traits. CONCLUSIONS Effect of genotype, type of sport and their interaction on observed variability in morpho-functional cardiovascular adaptive changes in elite athletes can be used for a better understanding of the clinical phenomenon of athlete's heart and sudden cardiac death syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Petrovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia -
| | - Marina Djelic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- University Hospital Medical Center "Bezanijska Kosa", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nikola Atanasijevic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Oliver Stojkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Silva ACD, Mapa V, Ferreira-Júnior JB, Oliveira ECD, Becker LK, Rosse I, Coelho DB. Progressive strength training can reverse sarcopenia stage in middle-aged and older adults regardless of their genetic profile. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105182. [PMID: 37688919 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the association of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism with sarcopenia stage, according to the Revised European Consensus on the Definition and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia, in middle-aged and older adults, pre- and post- ST. In the 12-week longitudinal study, 71 middle-aged and older adults were evaluated; the participants were assigned to either control or intervention group. The intervention group underwent progressive ST three times a week. All participants underwent blood collection, DNA extraction, genotyping of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism, anthropometric evaluations, and diagnostic tests for sarcopenia. The last two tests were repeated after 12 weeks. No association of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism with sarcopenia stage was observed before and after 12 weeks. However, the intervention group remained non-sarcopenic (n = 25, p <0.05) or achieved changes in sarcopenia stage (from sarcopenic to non-sarcopenic) (n = 13, p <0.05). Our study demonstrates that progressive ST performed regularly can reverse or prevent sarcopenia regardless of genotype for the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Mapa
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João B Ferreira-Júnior
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Institute of Southeast Minas Gerais - Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson C de Oliveira
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Physical Education and Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice K Becker
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Physical Education and Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izinara Rosse
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Pharmacy, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Physical Education and Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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4
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Day NJ, Kelly SS, Lui LY, Mansfield TA, Gaffrey MJ, Trejo JB, Sagendorf TJ, Attah K, Moore RJ, Douglas CM, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Kramer PA, Marcinek DJ, Coen PM, Goodpaster BH, Hepple RT, Cawthon PM, Petyuk VA, Esser KA, Qian WJ, Cummings SR. Signatures of Cysteine Oxidation on Muscle Structural and Contractile Proteins Are Associated with Physical Performance and Muscle Function in Older Adults: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.07.23298224. [PMID: 37986748 PMCID: PMC10659491 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.23298224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered a contributor to declining muscle function and mobility during aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly described. We hypothesized that greater levels of cysteine (Cys) oxidation on muscle proteins are associated with decreased measures of mobility. Herein, we applied a novel redox proteomics approach to measure reversible protein Cys oxidation in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from 56 subjects in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA), a community-based cohort study of individuals aged 70 years and older. We tested whether levels of Cys oxidation on key muscle proteins involved in muscle structure and contraction were associated with muscle function (leg power and strength), walking speed, and fitness (VO2 peak on cardiopulmonary exercise testing) using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and body weight. Higher oxidation levels of select nebulin Cys sites were associated with lower VO2 peak, while greater oxidation of myomesin-1, myomesin-2, and nebulin Cys sites was associated with slower walking speed. Higher oxidation of Cys sites in key proteins such as myomesin-2, alpha-actinin-2, and skeletal muscle alpha-actin were associated with lower leg power and strength. We also observed an unexpected correlation (r = 0.48) between a higher oxidation level of 8 Cys sites in alpha-actinin-3 and stronger leg power. Despite this observation, the results generally support the hypothesis that Cys oxidation of muscle proteins impair muscle power and strength, walking speed, and cardiopulmonary fitness with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Day
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Shane S. Kelly
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tyler A. Mansfield
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew J. Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse B. Trejo
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Tyler J. Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Kwame Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald J. Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Collin M. Douglas
- Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip A. Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J. Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Russell T. Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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5
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Nicot R, Raoul G, Sciote JJ. Response to "sleep bruxism, wake bruxism, or both? The importance of their full reporting and diagnosis". Oral Dis 2023; 29:3709-3710. [PMID: 35924999 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Nicot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Roger Salengro Hospital, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gwénaël Raoul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Roger Salengro Hospital, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - James J Sciote
- Department of Orthodontics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Bulgay C, Cepicka L, Dalip M, Yıldırım S, Ceylan Hİ, Yılmaz ÖÖ, Ulucan K, Badicu G, Cerit M. The relationships between ACTN3 rs1815739 and PPARA-α rs4253778 gene polymorphisms and athletic performance characteristics in professional soccer players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:121. [PMID: 37749582 PMCID: PMC10518950 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on athletic performance focuses on genetic variants that contribute significantly to individuals' performance. ACTN3 rs1815739 and PPARA-α rs4253778 gene polymorphisms are variants frequently associated with athletic performance among different populations. However, there is limited research examining the pre-and post-test results of some variants of athletic performance in soccer players. Therefore, the presented research is to examine the relationships between the ACTN3 rs1815739 and PPARA-α rs4253778 gene polymorphisms and athletic performance improvement rates in adaptations to six weeks of training in elite soccer players using some athletic performance tests. METHODOLOGY Twenty-two soccer players between the ages of 18 and 35 voluntarily participated in the study. All participants were actively engaged in a rigorous six-day-a-week training program during the pre-season preparation period. Preceding and following the training program, a battery of diverse athletic performance tests was administered to the participants. Moreover, Genomic DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells using the Invitrogen DNA isolation kit (Invitrogen, USA), following the manufacturer's protocol. Genotyping was conducted using real-time PCR. To assess the pre- and post-test performance differences of soccer players, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was employed. RESULTS Upon analyzing the results of the soccer players based on the ACTN3 genotype variable, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in the SJ (Squat Jump), 30m sprint, CMJ (Counter Movement Jump), and DJ (Drop Jump) performance tests (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was identified in the YOYO IRT 2 (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2) and 1RM (One Repetition Maximum) test outcomes (YOYO IRT 2: CC, CT, and TT, p = 0.028, 0.028, 0.008, 0.000, respectively; 1RM: CC, CT, and TT, p = 0.010, 0.34, 0.001, respectively). Regarding the PPARA-α genotype variable, the statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the SJ, 30m sprint, CMJ, and DJ performance tests (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, a statistically significant difference was observed in the YOYO IRT 2 and 1RM test results (YOYO IRT 2: CC, CG p = 0.001, 0.020; 1RM: CC, p = 0.000) CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated significant enhancements in only YOYO INT 2 and 1RM test outcomes across nearly all gene variants following the six-day-a-week training program. Other performance tests, such as the 30m sprint, SJ, CMJ, and DJ tests did not exhibit statistically significant differences. These findings contribute novel insights into the molecular processes involving PPARA-α rs4253778 and ACTN3 rs1815739 that underpin enhancements in endurance (YOYO INT 2) and maximal strength (1RM) aspects of athletic performance. However, to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the association between these polymorphisms and athletic performance, further investigations are warranted. It is thought that the use of field and genetic analyses together to support each other will be an important detail for athletes to reach high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celal Bulgay
- Sports Science Faculty, Bingol University, Bingöl, 12000 Türkiye
| | - Ladislav Cepicka
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, 30100 Czech Republic
| | - Metin Dalip
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University in Tetovo, Tetova, 1200 Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Selin Yıldırım
- Sports Science Faculty, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, 06510 Türkiye
| | - Halil İ. Ceylan
- Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240 Türkiye
| | - Özlem Ö. Yılmaz
- Institute of Health Sciences Marmara University, İstanbul, 34722 Türkiye
| | - Korkut Ulucan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Marmara University, İstanbul, 34722 Türkiye
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Brasov, 500068 Romania
| | - Mesut Cerit
- Sports Science Faculty, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, 06510 Türkiye
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7
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Remmel L, Ben-Zaken S, Meckel Y, Nemet D, Eliakim A, Jürimäe J. The Genetic Basis of Decathlon Performance: An Exploratory Study. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1660-1666. [PMID: 37494118 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Remmel, L, Ben-Zaken, S, Meckel, Y, Nemet, D, Eliakim, A, and Jürimäe, J. The genetic basis of decathlon performance: an exploratory study. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1660-1666, 2023-Decathlon is a combined track and field competition consisting of 10 different events, most of which are anaerobic-type events. Therefore, it is assumed that an anaerobic genetic predisposition might be prevalent among decathletes. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, the genetic basis of decathlon performance had not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence genetic polymorphisms associated with power performance (AGT, rs699, Met235Thr T/C), speed (ACTN3, rs1815739 C1747T), aerobic endurance (PPARD, rs2016520 T294C), and lactate clearance (MCT1, rs1049434 A1470T) among decathletes. One hundred thirty-seven male track and field athletes (51 sprinters and jumpers, 59 long distance runners, and 27 decathletes) participated in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells. Genotypes were determined using the Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Decathletes had a higher prevalence of the ACTN3 RR genotype, which is associated with speed ability, and a lower prevalence of the PPARD CC genotype, which is associated with endurance performance compared with long-distance runners. Decathletes had a higher prevalence of the AGT CC genotype associated with strength performance and a higher prevalence of the MCT1 TT genotype, which is associated with improved lactate transport compared with both sprinters and jumpers and long-distance runners. The results suggest that a favorable genetic polymorphism for strength-related capability might be advantageous for decathletes, whereas a genetic makeup favoring aerobic performance is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigal Ben-Zaken
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel; and
| | - Yoav Meckel
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel; and
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sports Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sports Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
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8
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Tian S, Guo L, Song Y, Miao J, Peng M, Fang X, Bai M, Miao M. Transcriptomic analysis the mechanisms of anti-osteoporosis of desert-living Cistanche herb in ovariectomized rats of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:237. [PMID: 37439895 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Desert-living Cistanche herb (DC), as a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney yang, is often used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Total phenylethanoid glycosides are instruction ingredients for discrimination and assay according to the China pharmacopoeia for DC. This research aimed to reveal the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of total phenylethanoid glycosides of DC (PGC) by transcriptomic analysis of ovariectomized rats. Serum levels of BGP were evaluated by ELISA, the bone weight was measured, and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of osteoblasts in rats. In addition, micro-CT was used to detect the bone volume (Tb.BS/BV), bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), and bone mineral content (Tb.BMC) in trabecular bone, and the ratio of cortical bone area to total area (Ct.ar/Tt.ar), and the level of bone mineral content (Ct.BMC) in cortical bone. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) after PGC treatment were analyzed by transcriptomics. Then, a bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was carried out through GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment, and selection of the nucleus gene through the protein-protein interaction network. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the DEGs were verified. The analysis results indicated that PGC increased the secretion of osteogenic markers, and ultrastructural characterization of osteoblasts and bone morphology were improved in ovariectomized rats. A total of 269 genes were differentially expressed, including 201 genes that were downregulated and 68 genes that were upregulated between the model group and the PGC group. Bioinformation analysis results prompt the conclusion that PGC could promote the bone metabolism by muscle cell development, myofibril assembly, etc. In addition, our study also found that PGC has a good effect on osteoporosis complicated with cardiomyopathy, and it also provided evidence for the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng Zhou, 450046, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yagang Song
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengfan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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9
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Malyarchuk BA. The role of Beringia in human adaptation to Arctic conditions based on results of genomic studies of modern and ancient populations. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:373-382. [PMID: 37465192 PMCID: PMC10350865 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of studies in Quaternary geology, archeology, paleoanthropology and human genetics demonstrate that the ancestors of Native Americans arrived in mid-latitude North America mainly along the Pacific Northwest Coast, but had previously inhabited the Arctic and during the last glacial maximum were in a refugium in Beringia, a land bridge connecting Eurasia and North America. The gene pool of Native Americans is represented by unique haplogroups of mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome, the evolutionary age of which ranges from 13 to 22 thousand years. The results of a paleogenomic analysis also show that during the last glacial maximum Beringia was populated by human groups that had arisen as a result of interaction between the most ancient Upper Paleolithic populations of Northern Eurasia and newcomer groups from East Asia. Approximately 20 thousand years ago the Beringian populations began to form, and the duration of their existence in relative isolation is estimated at about 5 thousand years. Thus, the adaptation of the Beringians to the Arctic conditions could have taken several millennia. The adaptation of Amerindian ancestors to high latitudes and cold climates is supported by genomic data showing that adaptive genetic variants in Native Americans are associated with various metabolic pathways: melanin production processes in the skin, hair and eyes, the functioning of the cardiovascular system, energy metabolism and immune response characteristics. Meanwhile, the analysis of the existing hypotheses about the selection of some genetic variants in the Beringian ancestors of the Amerindians in connection with adaptation to the Arctic conditions (for example, in the FADS, ACTN3, EDAR genes) shows the ambiguity of the testing results, which may be due to the loss of some traces of the "Beringian" adaptation in the gene pools of modern Native Americans. The most optimal strategy for further research seems to be the search for adaptive variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia N.A. Shilo North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
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10
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Bello L, Hoffman EP, Pegoraro E. Is it time for genetic modifiers to predict prognosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:410-423. [PMID: 37308617 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) show clinically relevant phenotypic variability, despite sharing the same primary biochemical defect (dystrophin deficiency). Factors contributing to this clinical variability include allelic heterogeneity (specific DMD mutations), genetic modifiers (trans-acting genetic polymorphisms) and variations in clinical care. Recently, a series of genetic modifiers have been identified, mostly involving genes and/or proteins that regulate inflammation and fibrosis - processes increasingly recognized as being causally linked with physical disability. This article reviews genetic modifier studies in DMD to date and discusses the effect of genetic modifiers on predicting disease trajectories (prognosis), clinical trial design and interpretation (inclusion of genotype-stratified subgroup analyses) and therapeutic approaches. The genetic modifiers identified to date underscore the importance of progressive fibrosis, downstream of dystrophin deficiency, in driving the disease process. As such, genetic modifiers have shown the importance of therapies aimed at slowing this fibrotic process and might point to key drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Demirci B, Bulgay C, Ceylan Hİ, Öztürk ME, Öztürk D, Kazan HH, Ergun MA, Cerit M, Semenova EA, Larin AK, Generozov EV, Ahmetov II, Cepicka L. Association of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism with Elite Basketball Player Status and Training Responses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1190. [PMID: 37372374 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene rs1815739 (C/T, R577X) polymorphism is a variant frequently associated with athletic performance among different populations. However, there is limited research on the impact of this variant on athlete status and physical performance in basketball players. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the association of ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism with changes in physical performance in response to six weeks of training in elite basketball players using 30 m sprint and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (IR 2) tests, and (2) to compare ACTN3 genotype and allelic frequencies between elite basketball players and controls. The study included a total of 363 individuals, comprising 101 elite basketball players and 262 sedentary individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated from oral epithelial cells or leukocytes, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using KASP genotyping method or by microarray analysis. We found that the frequency of the ACTN3 rs1815739 XX genotype was significantly lower in basketball players compared to controls (10.9 vs. 21.4%, p = 0.023), suggesting that RR/RX genotypes were more favorable for playing basketball. Statistically significant (p = 0.045) changes were observed in Yo-Yo IRT 2 performance measurement tests in basketball players with the RR genotype only. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the carriage of the ACTN3 rs1815739 R allele may confer an advantage in basketball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Demirci
- Sports Science Faculty, Lokman Hekim University, 06510 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Celal Bulgay
- Sports Science Faculty, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Türkiye
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ertuğrul Öztürk
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Öztürk
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Huseyin Kazan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mesut Cerit
- Sports Science Faculty, Lokman Hekim University, 06510 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey K Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK
| | - Ladislav Cepicka
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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12
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Yang S, Lin W, Jia M, Chen H. Association between ACTN3 R577x and the physical performance of Chinese 13 to 15-year-old elite and sub-elite football players at different positions. Front Genet 2023; 14:1038075. [PMID: 36968581 PMCID: PMC10036392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ACTN3 polymorphisms in Chinese elite and sub-elite football players aged 13–15 years at different positions. Specifically we explored whether ACTN3 genotypes were linked with athletic performance of elite and sub-elite players at different positions. The RR genotype frequency of elite defenders (p = 0.018) and midfielders (p = 0.008) was significantly higher than that of sub-elite XX genotype in elite players. Furthermore, the R allele frequency of elite defenders (p = 0.003) and midfielders (p = 0.008) was significantly higher than that of sub-elite players. In all subjects, RR players performed faster and exhibited more explosive power than RX or XX players. RR, RX and XX elite players’ 20 m/30 m sprint, 5 × 25-m repeated sprint ability (5 × 25 m RSA), and standing long jump were stronger than sub-elite players, but there was no significant different in aerobic endurance between elite and sub-elite players at different positions. In conclusion, there were significant differences in ACTN3 genotypes and alleles between elite and sub-elite players at different positions, and the RR genotype was significantly associated with power-related athletic performance in Chinese youth football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Najing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Zhuhai University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wentao Lin,
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haichun Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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13
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Kumagai H, Miller B, Kim SJ, Leelaprachakul N, Kikuchi N, Yen K, Cohen P. Novel Insights into Mitochondrial DNA: Mitochondrial Microproteins and mtDNA Variants Modulate Athletic Performance and Age-Related Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:286. [PMID: 36833212 PMCID: PMC9956216 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports genetics research began in the late 1990s and over 200 variants have been reported as athletic performance- and sports injuries-related genetic polymorphisms. Genetic polymorphisms in the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes are well-established for athletic performance, while collagen-, inflammation-, and estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms are reported as genetic markers for sports injuries. Although the Human Genome Project was completed in the early 2000s, recent studies have discovered previously unannotated microproteins encoded in small open reading frames. Mitochondrial microproteins (also called mitochondrial-derived peptides) are encoded in the mtDNA, and ten mitochondrial microproteins, such as humanin, MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c), SHLPs 1-6 (small humanin-like peptides 1 to 6), SHMOOSE (Small Human Mitochondrial ORF Over SErine tRNA), and Gau (gene antisense ubiquitous in mtDNAs) have been identified to date. Some of those microproteins have crucial roles in human biology by regulating mitochondrial function, and those, including those to be discovered in the future, could contribute to a better understanding of human biology. This review describes a basic concept of mitochondrial microproteins and discusses recent findings about the potential roles of mitochondrial microproteins in athletic performance as well as age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Naphada Leelaprachakul
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Yang S, Lin W, Jia M, Chen H. Association between ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms and athletic performance in elite and sub-elite Chinese youth male football players. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14893. [PMID: 36992938 PMCID: PMC10042156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown controversial relationships between ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577x polymorphisms and athletic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess athletic performance indicators of Chinese youth male football players with different ACE and ACTN3 gene profiles. Methods and Materials This study recruited 73 elite (26 13-year-olds, 28 14-year-olds, and 19 15-year-olds) and 69 sub-elite (37 13-year-olds, 19 14-year-olds, and 13 15-year-olds) and 107 controls (63 13-year-olds, and 44 14-year olds aged 13-15 years, all participants were of Chinese Han origin. We measured height, body mass, thigh circumference, speed, explosive power, repeat sprints ability, and aerobic endurance in elite and sub-elite players. We used single nucleotide polymorphism technology to detect controls elite and sub-elite players' ACE and ACTN3 genotypes, Chi-squared (χ 2) tests were employed to test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. χ 2 tests were also used to observe the association between the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between controls and elite and sub-elite players. The differences in parameters between the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni's post-hoc test, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results (1) The genotype distribution of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577x polymorphisms in controls, elite and sub-elite football players were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except for the ACE genotype distribution of sub-elite players. (2) The RR and DD genotypes were significantly different between elite and sub-elite players (p = 0.024 and p = 0.02, respectively). (3) Elite players were more likely to have the RR genotype and less likely to have the DD genotype compared with sub-elite players. (4) Both elite and sub-elite RR players' Yo-yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) running distance was significantly longer than that of RX players (p = 0.05 and p = 0.025, respectively). However, there was no significantly different in YYIR1 running distance between elite and sub-elite RR players. (5) Elite XX players' VO2 max was significantly higher than that of RX and sub-elite players. Conclusion These results indicate that ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577x polymorphisms are not associated with muscle power in Chinese elite and sub-elite players. The XX genotype of ACTN3 is associated with the aerobic endurance of elite players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nan Jing, China
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Zhuhai University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Haichun Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fu Zhou, China
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15
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Nicot R, Raoul G, Vieira AR, Ferri J, Sciote JJ. ACTN3 genotype influences masseter muscle characteristics and self-reported bruxism. Oral Dis 2023; 29:232-244. [PMID: 34773324 PMCID: PMC9098697 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Main aim of the study was to explore the association between genetic polymorphisms in ACTN3 and bruxism. Secondary objectives included masseter muscle phenotypes assessment between bruxers and non-bruxers and according to genetic polymorphisms in ACTN3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for correction of their malocclusion were enrolled. Self-reported bruxism and temporomandibular disorders status were preoperatively recorded. Saliva samples were used for ACTN3 genotyping. Masseter muscle samples were collected bilaterally at the time of orthognathic surgery to explore the muscle fiber characteristics. RESULTS There were significant differences in genotypes for rs1815739 (R577X nonsense) (p = 0.001), rs1671064 (Q523R missense) (p = 0.005), and rs678397 (intronic variant) (p = 0.001) between bruxers and non-bruxers. Patients with self-reported bruxism presented a larger mean fiber area for types IIA (p = 0.035). The mean fiber areas in individuals with the wild-type CC genotype for rs1815739 (R577X) were significantly larger for type IIA fibers (1394.33 μm2 [572.77 μm2 ]) than in those with the TC and TT genotypes (832.61 μm2 [602.43 μm2 ] and 526.58 μm2 [432.21 μm2 ] [p = 0.014]). Similar results for Q523R missense and intronic variants. CONCLUSIONS ACTN3 genotypes influence self-reported bruxism in patients with dentofacial deformity through specific masseter muscle fiber characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Nicot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U 1008: Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - Gwénaël Raoul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U 1008: Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joël Ferri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U 1008: Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - James J. Sciote
- Department of Orthodontics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Genotype Distribution of the ACTN3 p.R577X Polymorphism in Elite Badminton Players: A Preliminary Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010050. [PMID: 36672791 PMCID: PMC9858904 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Actinin-3 is a protein with a structural role at the sarcomeric Z-line in skeletal muscle. As it is only present in fast-type muscle fibers, α-actinin-3 is considered a key mechanical component to produce high-intensity muscle contractions and to withstand external tension applied to the skeletal muscle. α-Actinin-3 is encoded by the gene ACTN3, which has a single-nucleotide polymorphism (p.R577X; rs1815739) that affects the expression of α-actinin-3 due to the presence of a stop codon. Individuals homozygous for the 577R allele (i.e., RR genotype) and RX heterozygotes express functional α-actinin-3, while those homozygous for the 577X (i.e., XX genotype) express a non-functional protein. There is ample evidence to support the associations between the ACTN3 genotype and athletic performance, with higher frequencies of the 577R allele in elite and professional sprint and power athletes than in control populations. This suggests a beneficial influence of possessing functional α-actinin-3 to become an elite athlete in power-based disciplines. However, no previous investigation has determined the frequency of the ACTN3 genotypes in elite badminton players, despite this sport being characterized by high-intensity actions of intermittent nature such as changes of direction, accelerations, jumps and smashes. The purpose of this study was to analyze ACTN3 R577X genotype frequencies in professional badminton players to establish whether this polymorphism is associated with elite athlete status. A total of 53 European Caucasian professional badminton players competing in the 2018 European Badminton Championships volunteered to participate in the study. Thirty-one were men (26.2 ± 4.4 years) and twenty-two were women (23.4 ± 4.5 years). Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the differences in the distribution of ACTN3 genotypes (RR, RX and XX) between categories and sexes. The ACTN3 RR genotype was the most frequent in the sample of professional badminton players (RR = 49.1%, RX = 22.6% and XX = 28.3%). None of the badminton players ranked in the world's top ten possessed the XX genotype (RX = 60%, RR = 40%). The distribution of the ACTN3 genotypes was similar between male and female professional badminton players (men: RR = 45.2%, RX = 25.8% and XX = 29.0%; women: RR = 54.5%, RX = 18.2% and XX = 27.3%; χ2 = 0.58; p = 0.750). The distribution of the ACTN3 genotypes in badminton players was different from the 1000 genome database for the European population (χ2 = 15.5; p < 0.001), with an overrepresentation of the RR genotype (p < 0.05) and an underrepresentation of the RX genotype (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the expression of functional α-actinin-3, associated with RR and RX genotypes in the ACTN3 gene may confer an advantage for reaching the status of elite athlete in badminton, and especially the world's top-ten ranking. Large-scale studies with different ethnic backgrounds are needed to confirm the association of the R allele of ACTN3 with badminton performance.
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Kobayashi T, Seki S, Hwang I. Relationship of muscle power and bone mineral density with the α-actinin-3 R577X polymorphism in Japanese female athletes from different sport types: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31685. [PMID: 36397442 PMCID: PMC9666200 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between muscle power and bone mineral density (BMD) and the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism in Japanese female collegiate athletes participating in sports with various mechanical-load characteristics. This study included 260 female collegiate athletes involved in 10 competitive sports and 26 controls (mean ages, 19.2 ± 1.2 and 19.7 ± 1.3 years, respectively). The sports were classified into 3 categories (low-impact, multidirectional, and high-impact) based on the exercise load characteristics. Data on sports participation and competition experience were obtained through a questionnaire-type survey. The maximum anaerobic power (MAnP) test was performed to measure muscle power. The total body BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) was analyzed using a TaqMan® assay. The multidirectional sports participants with the RR genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism had a higher BMD than those with the RX and RX + XX genotypes (P = .018 and P = .003, respectively). The RR genotype was also associated with a higher MAnP than those with the RX + XX genotypes (P = .035). No other variables related to BMD and MAnP were significantly different. Our results suggests that the RR genotype may confer high trainability for BMD and muscle power in Japanese female collegiate athletes participating in multidirectional sport types. However, these associations were not found in the athletes participating in the low- and high-impact sport types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- * Correspondence: Tetsuro Kobayashi, Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Shotaro Seki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Inkwan Hwang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Taniguchi Y, Makizako H, Nakai Y, Kiuchi Y, Akaida S, Tateishi M, Takenaka T, Kubozono T, Ohishi M. Associations of the Alpha-Actinin Three Genotype with Bone and Muscle Mass Loss among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206172. [PMID: 36294493 PMCID: PMC9605580 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle mass loss are known to occur simultaneously. The alpha-actinin three (ACTN3) genotype has been shown to potentially affect bone and muscle mass. In this study, we investigated the association between the ACTN3 genotype and bone and muscle mass loss in community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 295 participants who participated in a community health checkup. The ACTN3 genotypes were classified as RR, RX, or XX types. Bone mass loss was defined as a calcaneal speed of sound T-score of <−1.32 and <−1.37, and muscle mass loss was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle index of <7.0 kg/m2 and <5.7 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively. The percentages of XX, RX, and RR in the combined bone and muscle mass loss group were 33.8%, 30.8%, and 16.7%, respectively, with a significantly higher trend for XX. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that XX had an odds ratio of 3.00 (95% confidence interval 1.05−8.54) of being in the combined bone and muscle mass loss group compared to the RR group (covariates: age, sex, grip strength, and medications). The ACTN3 genotype of XX is associated with a higher rate of comorbid bone and muscle mass loss. Therefore, ACTN3 genotyping should be considered for preventing combined bone and muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-275-5111
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Kagoshima 899-4395, Japan
| | - Yuto Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Shoma Akaida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mana Tateishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takenaka
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JCML, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long-distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1414-1429. [PMID: 35839336 PMCID: PMC9544934 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the genetic variants of (inter)national competing long-distance runners and road cyclists compared with controls. The Medline and Embase databases were searched until 15 November 2021. Eligible articles included genetic epidemiological studies published in English. A homogenous group of endurance athletes competing at (inter)national level and sedentary controls were included. Pooled odds ratios based on the genotype frequency with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was addressed by Q-statistics, and I2 . Sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression and risk of bias was assessed with the Clark Baudouin scale. This systematic review comprised of 43 studies including a total of 3938 athletes and 10 752 controls in the pooled analysis. Of the 42 identified genetic variants, 13 were investigated in independent studies. Significant associations were found for five polymorphisms. Pooled odds ratio [95%CI] favoring athletes compared with controls was 1.42 [1.12-1.81] for ACE II (I/D), 1.66 [1.26-2.19] for ACTN3 TT (rs1815739), 1.75 [1.34-2.29] for PPARGC1A GG (rs8192678), 2.23 [1.42-3.51] for AMPD1 CC (rs17602729), and 2.85 [1.27-6.39] for HFE GG + CG (rs1799945). Risk of bias was low in 25 (58%) and unclear in 18 (42%) articles. Heterogeneity of the results was low (0%-20%) except for HFE (71%), GNB3 (80%), and NOS3 (76%). (Inter)national competing runners and cyclists have a higher probability to carry specific genetic variants compared with controls. This study confirms that (inter)national competing endurance athletes constitute a unique genetic make-up, which likely contributes to their performance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Johanna Konopka
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Rietjens
- Department of Human Physiology and Sports MedicineVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Maurice Petrus Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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20
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Henrique JS, Braga PLG, de Almeida SS, Nunes NSP, Benfato ID, Arida RM, de Oliveira CAM, Gomes da Silva S. Effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on functional fitness and executive function of elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943934. [PMID: 36158545 PMCID: PMC9501855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, physical integrity and cognitive abilities, especially executive function, become compromised, directly influencing the quality of life of the elderly. One good strategy to ensure healthy aging is the practice of physical exercise. Activities to improve aerobic capacity and muscle strength are extremely important in old age. However, some genetic factors can interfere both positively and negatively with these gains. In this context, the polymorphism rs1815739 (R577X) of the α-actinin 3 gene (ACTN-3) is commonly studied and related to muscle phenotype. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on the functional fitness (measured by the Senior Fit test) and cognitive capacity (evaluated by the Stroop test) of the elderly (n = 347), both men and women. We did not find the effect of genotype on functional fitness, but we did observed a positive effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on executive function. The presence of the X allele of the ACTN3 gene in the elderly was related to a better performance in the Stroop test (shorter answer time). Our results showed that ACTN-3 gene polymorphism affects the executive function of the elderly but not their functional fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Luiz Garcia Braga
- Department of Psychogerontology, Instituto Educatie de Ensino e Pesquisa, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Sandro Soares de Almeida
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical and Functional Performance, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Department of Research and Extension, Fundação Cristiano Varella, Muriaé, Brazil
- Centro Universitário FAMINAS, Muriaé, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sérgio Gomes da Silva ;
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21
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Ojima K, Kigaki M, Ichimura E, Suzuki T, Kobayashi K, Muroya S, Nishimura T. Endogenous slow and fast myosin dynamics in myofibers isolated from mice expressing GFP-Myh7 and Kusabira Orange-Myh1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C520-C535. [PMID: 35759444 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle consists of slow and fast myofibers in which different myosin isoforms are expressed. Approximately 300 myosins form a single thick filament in the myofibrils, where myosin is continuously exchanged. However, endogenous slow and fast myosin dynamics have not been fully understood. To elucidate those dynamics, here we generated mice expressing green fluorescence protein-tagged slow myosin heavy chain (GFP-Myh7) and Kusabira Orange fluorescence protein-tagged fast myosin heavy chain (KuO-Myh1). First, these mice enabled us to distinguish between GFP- and KuO-myofibers under fluorescence microscopy: GFP-Myh7 and KuO-Myh1 were exclusively expressed in slow myofibers and fast myofibers, respectively. Next, to monitor endogenous myosin dynamics, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was conducted. The mobile fraction (Mf) of GFP-Myh7 and that of KuO-Myh1 were almost constant values independent of the regions of the myofibers and the muscle portions where the myofibers were isolated. Intriguingly, proteasome inhibitor treatment significantly decreased the Mf in GFP-Myh7 but not in KuO-Myh1 myofibers, indicating that the response to a disturbance in protein turnover depended on muscle fiber type. Taken together, the present results indicated that the mice we generated are promising tools not only for distinguishing between GFP- and KuO-myofibers but also for studying the dynamics of endogenous myosin isoforms by live-cell fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kigaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Ichimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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22
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Haug M, Reischl B, Nübler S, Kiriaev L, Mázala DAG, Houweling PJ, North KN, Friedrich O, Head SI. Absence of the Z-disc protein α-actinin-3 impairs the mechanical stability of Actn3KO mouse fast-twitch muscle fibres without altering their contractile properties or twitch kinetics. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35733150 PMCID: PMC9219180 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene results in the complete absence of the Z-disc protein α-actinin-3 from fast-twitch muscle fibres in ~ 16% of the world's population. This single gene polymorphism has been subject to strong positive selection pressure during recent human evolution. Previously, using an Actn3KO mouse model, we have shown in fast-twitch muscles, eccentric contractions at L0 + 20% stretch did not cause eccentric damage. In contrast, L0 + 30% stretch produced a significant ~ 40% deficit in maximum force; here, we use isolated single fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres from the Actn3KO mouse to investigate the mechanism underlying this. METHODS Single fast-twitch fibres are separated from the intact muscle by a collagenase digest procedure. We use label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, ultra-fast video microscopy and skinned fibre measurements from our MyoRobot automated biomechatronics system to study the morphology, visco-elasticity, force production and mechanical strength of single fibres from the Actn3KO mouse. Data are presented as means ± SD and tested for significance using ANOVA. RESULTS We show that the absence of α-actinin-3 does not affect the visco-elastic properties or myofibrillar force production. Eccentric contractions demonstrated that chemically skinned Actn3KO fibres are mechanically weaker being prone to breakage when eccentrically stretched. Furthermore, SHG images reveal disruptions in the myofibrillar alignment of Actn3KO fast-twitch fibres with an increase in Y-shaped myofibrillar branching. CONCLUSIONS The absence of α-actinin-3 from the Z-disc in fast-twitch fibres disrupts the organisation of the myofibrillar proteins, leading to structural weakness. This provides a mechanistic explanation for our earlier findings that in vitro intact Actn3KO fast-twitch muscles are significantly damaged by L0 + 30%, but not L0 + 20%, eccentric contraction strains. Our study also provides a possible mechanistic explanation as to why α-actinin-3-deficient humans have been reported to have a faster decline in muscle function with increasing age, that is, as sarcopenia reduces muscle mass and force output, the eccentric stress on the remaining functional α-actinin-3 deficient fibres will be increased, resulting in fibre breakages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haug
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nübler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonit Kiriaev
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Davi A G Mázala
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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23
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Kumagai H, Kaneko T, Shintake Y, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Tomita H, Fukuo M, Kawai W, Harada M, Kikuchi N, Kamiya N, Hirata K, Zempo H, Maeda S, Miyamoto N, Fuku N. Genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility are associated with artistic gymnastic performance in the Japanese population. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:955-963. [PMID: 35593181 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2078741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine how genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility influence artistic gymnastic performance in an attempt to identify a novel polymorphism associated with flexibility. In study 1, the passive straight-leg-raise (PSLR) score and aromatase gene CYP19A1 rs936306 polymorphism, a key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, were assessed in 278 individuals. In study 2, athletes (281 gymnasts and 1908 other athletes) were asked about their competition level, and gymnasts were assessed using the difficulty score (D-score) for each event. Muscular strength- (ACTN3 R577X rs1815739 and ACE I/D rs4341) and flexibility-related (ESR1 rs2234693 T/C and CYP19A1 rs936306 C/T) genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. In study 1, males with the CYP19A1 CT + TT genotype showed significantly higher PSLR scores than those with the CC genotype. In study 2, male gymnasts with the R allele of ACTN3 R577X showed a correlation with the floor, rings, vault, and total D-scores. In addition, male gymnasts with the C allele of ESR1 T/C and T allele of CYP19A1 C/T polymorphisms were correlated with the pommel horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, and total D-scores. Furthermore, genotype scores of these three polymorphisms correlated with the total D-scores and competition levels in male gymnasts. In contrast, no such associations were observed in female gymnasts. Our findings suggest that muscular strength- and flexibility-related polymorphisms play important roles in achieving high performance in male artistic gymnastics by specifically influencing the performance of events that require muscular strength and flexibility, respectively. HighlightsEstrogen-related CYP19A1 polymorphism is a novel determinant of flexibility in males.Muscular strength- and flexibility-related polymorphisms play important roles in high performance in male artistic gymnastics.Genotypes of ACTN3 R577X, ESR1 rs2234693, and CYP19A1 rs936306 may contribute to training plan optimization and event selection in artistic gymnastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tomoko Kaneko
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Shintake
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Harada
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Department of Training Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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24
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Nakamichi R, Ma S, Nonoyama T, Chiba T, Kurimoto R, Ohzono H, Olmer M, Shukunami C, Fuku N, Wang G, Morrison E, Pitsiladis YP, Ozaki T, D'Lima D, Lotz M, Patapoutian A, Asahara H. The mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 is expressed in tendons and regulates physical performance. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj5557. [PMID: 35648809 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
How mechanical stress affects physical performance via tendons is not fully understood. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel, and E756del PIEZO1 was recently found as a gain-of-function variant that is common in individuals of African descent. We generated tendon-specific knock-in mice using R2482H Piezo1, a mouse gain-of-function variant, and found that they had higher jumping abilities and faster running speeds than wild-type or muscle-specific knock-in mice. These phenotypes were associated with enhanced tendon anabolism via an increase in tendon-specific transcription factors, Mohawk and Scleraxis, but there was no evidence of changes in muscle. Biomechanical analysis showed that the tendons of R2482H Piezo1 mice were more compliant and stored more elastic energy, consistent with the enhancement of jumping ability. These phenotypes were replicated in mice with tendon-specific R2482H Piezo1 replacement after tendon maturation, indicating that PIEZO1 could be a target for promoting physical performance by enhancing function in mature tendon. The frequency of E756del PIEZO1 was higher in sprinters than in population-matched nonathletic controls in a small Jamaican cohort, suggesting a similar function in humans. Together, this human and mouse genetic and physiological evidence revealed a critical function of tendons in physical performance, which is tightly and robustly regulated by PIEZO1 in tenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shang Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohzono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1965, Japan
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
| | - Errol Morrison
- National Commission on Science and Technology, PCJ Building, 36 Trafalgar Road, Kingston 10, Jamaica
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK.,Centre of Stress and Age-related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Darryl D'Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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25
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Hansen SE, Petrone JFA, Burnheimer JM, Vieira AR. Influence of genotype and perioral musculature on maxillary and mandibular development. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:482035. [PMID: 35608565 PMCID: PMC9374360 DOI: 10.2319/112821-868.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is an association between skeletal jaw position and perioral musculature, and if genotypes can predict skeletal growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study on 42 patients over 1 year was performed. The study included 22 females and 20 males with and average age of 28.5 years. Lip strength was compared to radiographic cephalometric measurements. Allelic and genotypic frequencies from polymorphisms rs678397 and rs1815739 in ACTN3 and rs10850110 in MYO1H were compared to each variable. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if differences were statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The data showed significant differences between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and SNA angle (P = .01; P = .003, respectively); between rs1815739 allele frequency and SNA angle (P = .01); between rs678397 allele frequency and ANB angle (P = .049); between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and lip strength in females (P = .045; P = .02); and between rs678397 allele frequency and overall lip strength (P = .049), after mean strength values used as cut off being customized by sex. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in ACTN3 are associated with weak lips and larger SNA and ANB angles.
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26
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Potapova NA. Nonsense Mutations in Eukaryotes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:400-412. [PMID: 35790376 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense mutations are a type of mutations which results in a premature termination codon occurrence. In general, these mutations have been considered to be among the most harmful ones which lead to premature protein translation termination and result in shortened nonfunctional polypeptide. However, there is evidence that not all nonsense mutations are harmful as well as some molecular mechanisms exist which allow to avoid pathogenic effects of these mutations. This review addresses relevant information on nonsense mutations in eukaryotic genomes, characteristics of these mutations, and different molecular mechanisms preventing or mitigating harmful effects thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A Potapova
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems (IITP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia.
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27
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Combined aCGH and Exome Sequencing Analysis Improves Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosis: A Case Report. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58040522. [PMID: 35454361 PMCID: PMC9030270 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The development and standardization of genome-wide technologies able to carry out high-resolution, genomic analyses in a cost- and time-affordable way is increasing our knowledge regarding the molecular bases of complex diseases like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a group of heterogeneous diseases with multifactorial origins. Genetic factors seem to be involved, albeit they remain still largely unknown. Here, we report the case of a child with a clinical suspicion of ASD investigated by using such a genomic high-resolution approach. Materials and Methods: Both array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and exome sequencing were carried out on the family trio. aCGH was performed using the 4 × 180 K SurePrint G3 Human CGH Microarray, while the Human All Exon V7 targeted SureSelect XT HS panel was used for exome sequencing. Results: aCGH identified a paternally inherited duplication of chromosome 7 involving the CNTNAP2 gene, while 5 potentially clinically-relevant variants were identified by exome sequencing. Conclusions: Within the identified genomic alterations, the CNTNAP2 gene duplication may be related to the patient’s phenotype. Indeed, this gene has already been associated with brain development and cognitive functions, including language. The paternal origin of the alteration cannot exclude an incomplete penetrance. Moreover, other genomic factors may act as phenotype modifiers combined with CNTNAP2 gene duplication. Thus, the case reported herein strongly reinforces the need to use extensive genomic analyses to shed light on the bases of complex diseases.
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28
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Canikli A, Nursal AF, Ünver Ş, Yigit S. ACTN3 R577X variant: could it be a determinant of sports performance in elite athletes in a Turkish population? J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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de Lima LCR, Bueno Junior CR, de Oliveira Assumpção C, de Menezes Bassan N, Barreto RV, Cardozo AC, Greco CC, Denadai BS. The Impact of ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms on Susceptibility to Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Changes in Running Economy Following Downhill Running. Front Physiol 2021; 12:769971. [PMID: 34867477 PMCID: PMC8634444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate if ACTN3 gene polymorphism impacts the susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and changes in running economy (RE) following downhill running. Thirty-five healthy men were allocated to the two groups based on their ACTN3 gene variants: RR and X allele carriers. Neuromuscular function [knee extensor isometric peak torque (IPT), rate of torque development (RTD), and countermovement, and squat jump height], indirect markers of EIMD [muscle soreness, mid-thigh circumference, knee joint range of motion, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity], and RE (oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion) for 5-min of running at a speed equivalent to 80% of individual maximal oxygen uptake speed were assessed before, immediately after, and 1-4 days after a 30-min downhill run (-15%). Neuromuscular function was compromised (P < 0.05) following downhill running with no differences between the groups, except for IPT, which was more affected in the RR individuals compared with the X allele carriers immediately (-24.9 ± 6.9% vs. -16.3 ± 6.5%, respectively) and 4 days (-16.6 ± 14.9% vs. -4.2 ± 9.5%, respectively) post-downhill running. EIMD manifested similarly for both the groups except for serum CK activity, which was greater for RR (398 ± 120 and 452 ± 126 U L-1 at 2 and 4 days following downhill running, respectively) compared with the X allele carriers (273 ± 121 and 352 ± 114 U L-1 at the same time points). RE was compromised following downhill running (16.7 ± 8.3% and 11 ± 7.5% increases in oxygen uptake immediately following downhill running for the RR and X allele carriers, respectively) with no difference between the groups. We conclude that although RR individuals appear to be more susceptible to EIMD following downhill running, this does not extend to the changes in RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.,Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, School of Physical Education, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, Araras, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, Campus Liceu Salesiano, Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.,Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Natália de Menezes Bassan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Renan Vieira Barreto
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Adalgiso Coscrato Cardozo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Camila Coelho Greco
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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30
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Ravaglia S, Malovini A, Cirio S, Danesino C, De Filippi P, Moggio M, Mongini T, Maggi L, Servidei S, Vianello A, Toscano A, Tonin P, Maioli MA, Parini R, Filosto M, Crescimanno G, Arceri S, Piran M, Carlucci A. Polymorphism in exercise genes and respiratory function in late-onset Pompe disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1762-1771. [PMID: 34734785 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms influencing muscle structure and metabolism may affect the phenotype of metabolic myopathies. We here analyze the possible influence of a wide panel of "exercise genes" on the severity and progression of respiratory dysfunction in late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). We stratified patients with comparable age and disease duration according to the severity of their respiratory phenotype, assessed by both upright FVC% and postural drop in FVC%. We included 43 patients with LOPD (25 males, age 50.8 ± 13.6 yr) with a 2-yr follow-up since the beginning of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Twenty-two patients showed a postural drop >25% T0, seven other patients developed it during the follow-up. We analyzed the relationship between the progression of respiratory dysfunction and genetic polymorphisms affecting muscle function and structure [angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), α-actinin 3 (ACTN3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPR-α), angiotensin (AGT)], glycogen metabolism [glycogen synthase (GYS), glycogen synthase kinase-3 isoform β (GSK3β)], and autophagy [sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7)]. Individuals carrying two copies of the ACE D-allele shared a 24-fold increase in the risk of severe respiratory dysfunction and progression during the 2-yr follow-up. ACTN3-XX polymorphism was also associated with worse respiratory outcome. The study of exercise genes is of particular interest in respiratory muscles, due to their peculiar features, that is, continuous, low-intensity contraction and prominent recruitment of type I fibers. In line with previous observations on skeletal muscles, ACE-DD and ACTN3-XX genotypes were associated with indirect evidence of more severe respiratory phenotypes. On the contrary, polymorphisms related to autophagy and glycogen metabolism did not seem to influence respiratory muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous reports evaluated the role of exercise genes in influencing skeletal muscle phenotype and response to ERT in LOPD. Here, we investigate the role of polymorphisms in several exercise gene, focusing on respiratory muscles. ACE-DD and ACTN3-XX polymorphisms, possibly influencing muscle properties and fiber composition, were associated with more severe respiratory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Riabilitazione respiratoria, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Cirio
- Riabilitazione respiratoria, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola De Filippi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- UO Malattie Neuromuscolari e Rare, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Centro Dino Ferrari Univ Studi Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurosciences RLM, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Servidei
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vianello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, UOC Neurologia e Malattie Neuromuscolari, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Tonin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,NeMO-Brescia Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Brescia, Italy
| | - Grazia Crescimanno
- Regional Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Complications of Rare Genetic Neuromuscular Diseases, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Piran
- Riabilitazione respiratoria, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Riabilitazione respiratoria, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
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Kiriaev L, Houweling PJ, North KN, Head SI. Loss of α-actinin-3 confers protection from eccentric contraction damage in fast-twitch EDL muscles from aged mdx dystrophic mice by reducing pathological fibre branching. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1417-1429. [PMID: 34761268 PMCID: PMC9071495 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The common null polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene is present in over 1.5 billion people worldwide and results in the absence of the protein α-actinin-3 from the Z-discs of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres. We have previously reported that this polymorphism is a modifier of dystrophin deficient Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. To investigate the mechanism underlying this we use a double knockout (dk)Actn3KO/mdx (dKO) mouse model which lacks both dystrophin and sarcomere α-actinin-3. We used dKO mice and mdx dystrophic mice at 12 months (aged) to investigate the correlation between morphological changes to the fast-twitch dKO EDL and the reduction in force deficit produced by an in vitro eccentric contraction protocol. In the aged dKO mouse we found a marked reduction in fibre branching complexity that correlated with protection from eccentric contraction induced force deficit. Complex branches in the aged dKO EDL fibres (28%) were substantially reduced compared to aged mdx EDL fibres (68%) and this correlates with a graded force loss over three eccentric contractions for dKO muscles (~35% after first contraction, ~ 66% overall) compared to an abrupt drop in mdx upon the first eccentric contraction (~73% after first contraction, ~ 89% after three contractions). In dKO protection from eccentric contraction damage was linked with a doubling of SERCA1 pump density the EDL. We propose that the increased oxidative metabolism of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres characteristic of the null polymorphism (R577X) and increase in SR Ca2+ pump proteins reduces muscle fibre branching and decreases susceptibility to eccentric injury in the dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Barrón-Cabrera E, Torres-Castillo N, González-Becerra K, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Torres-Valadez R, Hernández-Cañaveral I, Martínez-López E. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with metabolic alterations in a sex-dependent manner in subjects from western Mexico. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:713-721. [PMID: 34750902 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ACTN3 gene is primarily expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibres. A common nonsense polymorphism in this gene is ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), which causes an absolute deficiency of α-actinin-3 protein and alterations in muscle metabolism. Considering metabolic alterations are influenced by nutrition and genetic factors, as well as lifestyle factors, we hypothesise a possible association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with metabolic alterations. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 397 adults met the inclusion criteria. Body composition was measured by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary data were analysed using Nutritionist Pro™ software. Biochemical variables were determined by dry chemistry. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and genotyping of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The ACTN3 577XX genotype was associated with high glucose, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and a higher frequency of hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance in women. In males, the genetic variant showed a trend towards significance for insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was associated with metabolic alterations in women and a tendency was observed in men variant carriers. Thus, this common genetic variant could be implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina González-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eloy A Zepeda-Carrillo
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México.,Hospital Civil Dr Antonio González Guevara, Servicios de Salud de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Rafael Torres-Valadez
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México.,Unidad Académica de Salud Integral, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Iván Hernández-Cañaveral
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214933. [PMID: 34768452 PMCID: PMC8584842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VLACSA) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVCEF), and knee extension torque (MVCKE) were measured by dynamometry, and MVCKE/VLACSA was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VLACSA (p = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVCEF (p = 0.032), MVCKE (p = 0.047), and MVCKE/VLACSA (p = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.
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Kiuchi Y, Makizako H, Nakai Y, Taniguchi Y, Tomioka K, Sato N, Wada A, Doi T, Kiyama R, Takenaka T. Associations of alpha-actinin-3 genotype with thigh muscle volume and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111525. [PMID: 34425205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship of the ACTN3 genotype with thigh muscle volume and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. METHODS Data from 64 older Japanese adults (mean age 74.4 ± 6.9 years, women 71.9%) with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia were analyzed. Sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia were defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. We collected oral mucosa samples to determine the ACTN3 genotype. Thigh muscle volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Physical performance was assessed using the usual and maximum gait speed, timed up and go test, and five-repetition sit-to-stand test. Muscle strength was assessed using grip strength. RESULT The ACTN3 genotype proportions were 20.3% for RR, 51.6% for RX, and 28.1% for XX. Participants with the RR genotype showed greater thigh muscle volume/ht2 compared to those with the RX and XX ACTN3 genotypes (p < 0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that RX (p < 0.01) and XX (p < 0.01) ACTN3 genotypes, compared to RR, were associated with lower thigh muscle volume/ht2 and with age, sex (reference; men), weight and maximum walking speed. There was no significant difference between physical performance and muscle strength between the ACTN3 genotypes. CONCLUSION The ACTN3 genotype of the X allele was associated with decreased thigh muscle volume compared to the ACTN3 genotype of RR in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Tomioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan.
| | - Nana Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Wada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Kiyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Takenaka
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan.
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Abrahams L, Savisaar R, Mordstein C, Young B, Kudla G, Hurst LD. Evidence in disease and non-disease contexts that nonsense mutations cause altered splicing via motif disruption. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9665-9685. [PMID: 34469537 PMCID: PMC8464065 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs) can be subject to nonsense-associated alternative splicing (NAS). Two models have been evoked to explain this, scanning and splice motif disruption. The latter postulates that exonic cis motifs, such as exonic splice enhancers (ESEs), are disrupted by nonsense mutations. We employ genome-wide transcriptomic and k-mer enrichment methods to scrutinize this model. First, we show that ESEs are prone to disruptive nonsense mutations owing to their purine richness and paucity of TGA, TAA and TAG. The motif model correctly predicts that NAS rates should be low (we estimate 5–30%) and approximately in line with estimates for the rate at which random point mutations disrupt splicing (8–20%). Further, we find that, as expected, NAS-associated PTCs are predictable from nucleotide-based machine learning approaches to predict splice disruption and, at least for pathogenic variants, are enriched in ESEs. Finally, we find that both in and out of frame mutations to TAA, TGA or TAG are associated with exon skipping. While a higher relative frequency of such skip-inducing mutations in-frame than out of frame lends some credence to the scanning model, these results reinforce the importance of considering splice motif modulation to understand the etiology of PTC-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Abrahams
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rosina Savisaar
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christine Mordstein
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C F Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bethan Young
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Grzegorz Kudla
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Abstract
Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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37
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Savarese M, Vihola A, Jokela ME, Huovinen SP, Gerevini S, Torella A, Johari M, Scarlato M, Jonson PH, Onore ME, Hackman P, Gautel M, Nigro V, Previtali SC, Udd B. Out-of-Frame Mutations in ACTN2 Last Exon Cause a Dominant Distal Myopathy With Facial Weakness. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e619. [PMID: 34386585 PMCID: PMC8356702 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To clinically, genetically, and histopathologically characterize patients presenting with an unusual combination of distal myopathy and facial weakness, without involvement of upper limb or shoulder girdle muscles. Methods Two families with a novel form of actininopathy were identified. Patients had been followed up over 10 years. Their molecular genetic diagnosis was not clear after extensive investigations, including analysis of candidate genes and FSHD1-related D4Z4 repeats. Results Patients shared a similar clinical phenotype and a common pattern of muscle involvement. They presented with a very slowly progressive myopathy involving anterior lower leg and facial muscles. Muscle MRI finding showed complete fat replacement of anterolateral compartment muscles of the lower legs with variable involvement of soleus and gastrocnemius but sparing thigh muscles. Muscle biopsy showed internalized nuclei, myofibrillar disorganization, and rimmed vacuoles. High-throughput sequencing identified in each proband a heterozygous single nucleotide deletion (c.2558del and c.2567del) in the last exon of the ACTN2 gene. The deletions are predicted to lead to a novel but unstructured slightly extended C-terminal amino acid sequence. Discussion Our findings indicate an unusual form of actininopathy with specific molecular and clinical features. Actininopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of distal myopathy combined with facial weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Manu E Jokela
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Sanna Pauliina Huovinen
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Simonetta Gerevini
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Marina Scarlato
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Maria Elena Onore
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Helsinki; Department of Medical Genetics (M. Savarese, A.V., M.J., P.H.J., P.H., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V.), Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.E.J.), Department of Neurology, Turku University and University Hospital; Neuromuscular Research Center (S.P.H.), Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Neuroradiology Unit (S.G.), ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione (A.T., M.E.O., V.N.), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (A.T., V.N.), Pozzuoli; Division of Neuroscience and U.O. Neurologia (M. Scarlato, S.C.P.), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (M.G.), King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital; and Neuromuscular Research Center (M.E.J., B.U.), Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Finland
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Appel M, Zentgraf K, Krüger K, Alack K. Effects of Genetic Variation on Endurance Performance, Muscle Strength, and Injury Susceptibility in Sports: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694411. [PMID: 34366884 PMCID: PMC8334364 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of genetic variations and polymorphisms on endurance performance, muscle strength and injury susceptibility in competitive sports. The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. The study quality was assessed using the RoBANS tool. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) human study in English or German; (2) published in the period 2015–2019; (3) investigation of an association between genetic variants and endurance performance and/or muscle strength and/or endurance/strength training status as well as ligament, tendon, or muscle injuries; (4) participants aged 18–60 years and national or international competition participation; (5) comparison with a control group. Nineteen studies and one replication study were identified. Results revealed that the IGF-1R 275124 A>C rs1464430 polymorphism was overrepresented in endurance trained athletes. Further, genotypes of PPARGC1A polymorphism correlated with performance in endurance exercise capacity tests in athletes. Moreover, the RR genotype of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, the C allele of IGF-1R polymorphism and the gene variant FTO T>A rs9939609 and/or their AA genotype were linked to muscle strength. In addition, gene variants of MCT1 (T1470A rs1049434) and ACVR1B (rs2854464) were also positively associated with strength athletes. Among others, the gene variants of the MMP group (rs591058 and rs679620) as well as the polymorphism COL5A1 rs13946 were associated with susceptibility to injuries of competitive athletes. Based on the identified gene variants, individualized training programs for injury prevention and optimization of athletic performance could be created for competitive athletes using gene profiling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Appel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Alack
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Lim T, Santiago C, Pareja-Galeano H, Iturriaga T, Sosa-Pedreschi A, Fuku N, Pérez-Ruiz M, Yvert T. Genetic variations associated with non-contact muscle injuries in sport: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2014-2032. [PMID: 34270833 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-contact muscle injuries (NCMI) account for a large proportion of sport injuries, affecting athletes' performance and career, team results and financial aspects. Recently, genetic factors have been attributed a role in the susceptibility of an athlete to sustain NCMI. However, data in this field are only just starting to emerge. OBJECTIVES To review available knowledge of genetic variations associated with sport-related NCMI. METHODS The databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until February 2021. The records selected for review were original articles published in peer-reviewed journals describing studies that have examined NCMI-related genetic variations in adult subjects (17-60 years) practicing any sport. The data extracted from the studies identified were as follows: general information, and data on genetic polymorphisms and NCMI risk, incidence and recovery time and/or severity. RESULTS Seventeen studies examining 47 genes and 59 polymorphisms were finally included. 29 polymorphisms affecting 25 genes were found significantly associated with NCMI risk, incidence, recovery time, and/or severity. These genes pertain to three functional categories: (i) muscle fiber structural/contractile properties, (ii) muscle repair and regeneration, or (iii) muscle fiber external matrix composition and maintenance. CONCLUSION Our review confirmed the important role of genetics in NCMI. Some gene variants have practical implications such as differences of several weeks in recovery time detected between genotypes. Knowledge in this field is still in its early stages. Future studies need to examine a wider diversity of sports and standardize their methods and outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifanny Lim
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Santiago
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Iturriaga
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Yvert
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Seto JT, Roeszler KN, Meehan LR, Wood HD, Tiong C, Bek L, Lee SF, Shah M, Quinlan KGR, Gregorevic P, Houweling PJ, North KN. ACTN3 genotype influences skeletal muscle mass regulation and response to dexamethasone. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg0088. [PMID: 34215586 PMCID: PMC11060041 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Homozygosity for the common ACTN3 null polymorphism (ACTN3 577X) results in α-actinin-3 deficiency in ~20% of humans worldwide and is linked to reduced sprint and power performance in both elite athletes and the general population. α-Actinin-3 deficiency is also associated with reduced muscle mass, increased risk of sarcopenia, and altered muscle wasting response induced by denervation and immobilization. Here, we show that α-actinin-3 plays a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis and breakdown signaling in skeletal muscle and influences muscle mass from early postnatal development. We also show that α-actinin-3 deficiency reduces the atrophic and anti-inflammatory response to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in muscle and protects against dexamethasone-induced muscle wasting in female but not male mice. The effects of α-actinin-3 deficiency on muscle mass regulation and response to muscle wasting provide an additional mechanistic explanation for the positive selection of the ACTN3 577X allele in recent human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Seto
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly N Roeszler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyra R Meehan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harrison D Wood
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chrystal Tiong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucinda Bek
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siaw F Lee
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manan Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ben-Zaken S, Meckel Y, Nemet D, Kassem E, Eliakim A. Genetic Basis for the Dominance of Israeli Long-Distance Runners of Ethiopian Origin. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1885-1896. [PMID: 30741858 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ben-Zaken, S, Meckel, Y, Nemet, D, Kassem, E, and Eliakim, A. Genetic basis for the dominance of Israeli long-distance runners of Ethiopian origin. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1885-1896, 2021-Israeli long-distance runners of Ethiopian origin have a major influence on the track and field long-distance record table. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic characteristics contribute to this long-distance dominance. We assessed polymorphisms in genes related to endurance (PPARD T/C), endurance trainability (ACSL A/G), speed (ACTN3 R/X), strength (AGT T/C), and the recovery from training (MTC1 A/T and IL6 G/C) among top Israeli long-distance runners of Ethiopian origin (n = 37), Israeli non-Ethiopian origin runners of Caucasian origin (n = 76), and Israeli nonathletic controls (n = 55). Israeli runners of Ethiopian origin had a greater frequency of the PPARD CC + PARGC1A Gly/Gly polymorphism, associated with improved endurance performance, compared with Israeli runners of non-Ethiopian origins (24 vs. 3%, respectively, p < 0.01); a lower frequency of the ACSL AA polymorphism, favoring endurance trainability (8 vs. 20%, respectively, p < 0.05); a greater frequency of the ACTN3 RR polymorphism, associated with sprint performance (35 vs. 20%, respectively, p < 0.05); a greater frequency of the MCT1 AA genotype, associated with improved lactate transport (65 vs. 45%, respectively, p < 0.05); and a lower frequency of IL-6 174C carriers, associated with reduced postexercise muscle damage (27 vs. 40%, respectively, p < 0.01). There was no difference in the frequency of AGT T/C gene polymorphism between the long-distance runners of Ethiopian and non-Ethiopian origin. Frequencies of PPARD CC + PARGC1A Gly/Gly, MCT1 AA, IL-6 174C, and AGT polymorphism were significantly favorable among Ethiopian, but not among non-Ethiopian, origin runners compared with controls. Taken together, results suggest that genetically, the dominance of Israeli long-distance runners of Ethiopian origin relates not only to endurance polymorphisms but also to polymorphisms associated with enhanced speed performance and better training recovery ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Ben-Zaken
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Zinman College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Yoav Meckel
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Zinman College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Child Health and Sports Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ; and
| | - Eias Kassem
- Pediatric Department, Hilel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Child Health and Sports Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ; and
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de L Corrêa H, Ribeiro HS, Maya ÁTD, Neves RP, de Moraes MR, Lima RM, Nóbrega OT, Ferreira AP. Influence of the ACTN3 Genotype and the Exercise Intensity on the Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Excess Oxygen Consumption After Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1380-1388. [PMID: 30335718 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT de L. Corrêa, H, Ribeiro, HS, Maya, ÁTD, Neves, RP, de Moraes, MR, Lima, RM, Nóbrega, OT, and Ferreira, AP. Influence of the ACTN3 genotype and the exercise intensity on the respiratory exchange ratio and excess oxygen consumption after exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1380-1388, 2021-This study aimed to assess the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after high-intensity interval training and continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training in accordance with the ACTN3 genotype. A cross-sectional study with 30 physically active individuals who participated in 3 experimental sessions, as follows: a high-intensity interval aerobic exercise, for 3 minutes at 115% anaerobic threshold, with 90 seconds of passive recovery; a continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at 85% anaerobic threshold; and a control session. Respiratory exchange ratio and V̇o2 were obtained through an indirect, calorimetry-based gas analysis method, using a breath-by-breath approach, assessed at baseline, during the trials, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after exercise. We found that lower postexercise RER values were observed only in subjects with the X allele, in both the high- and the moderate-intensity training protocols. Homozygous RR subjects showed no differences in postexercise RER compared with the scores at the control day. After both sessions of exercise, EPOC levels were higher compared with scores at the control day for 2 hours among X allele carriers, and only in the first hour among RR homozygous. Thus, the RER and EPOC presented different responses after moderate and intense exercise according to the ACTN3 genotype. Moreover, individuals with the X allele of the ACTN3 gene show a higher oxidation of fats in the postexercise period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de L Corrêa
- Graduation Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brazil-UCB-DF, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Heitor S Ribeiro
- Graduation Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brazil-UCB-DF, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Áthila T D Maya
- Graduation Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brazil-UCB-DF, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, ICESP, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Neves
- Graduation Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brazil-UCB-DF, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Milton R de Moraes
- Graduation Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brazil-UCB-DF, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Lima
- Graduation Program in Physical Education, Brazil University (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil ; and
| | - Otávio T Nóbrega
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Brazil University (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Aparecido P Ferreira
- Graduation Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brazil-UCB-DF, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, ICESP, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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The Role of Z-disc Proteins in Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063058. [PMID: 33802723 PMCID: PMC8002584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Z-disc acts as a protein-rich structure to tether thin filament in the contractile units, the sarcomeres, of striated muscle cells. Proteins found in the Z-disc are integral for maintaining the architecture of the sarcomere. They also enable it to function as a (bio-mechanical) signalling hub. Numerous proteins interact in the Z-disc to facilitate force transduction and intracellular signalling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review will focus on six key Z-disc proteins: α-actinin 2, filamin C, myopalladin, myotilin, telethonin and Z-disc alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP), which have all been linked to myopathies and cardiomyopathies. We will summarise pathogenic variants identified in the six genes coding for these proteins and look at their involvement in myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Listing the Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) of these variants in the Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD) version 3.1 will help to critically re-evaluate pathogenicity based on variant frequency in normal population cohorts.
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Kittilsen HT, Goleva-Fjellet S, Freberg BI, Nicolaisen I, Støa EM, Bratland-Sanda S, Helgerud J, Wang E, Sæbø M, Støren Ø. Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636972. [PMID: 33679448 PMCID: PMC7925619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations. Methods A total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678). Results All age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p < 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p < 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p < 0.05). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Torvild Kittilsen
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Sannija Goleva-Fjellet
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.,The Norwegian Biathlon Association, Oslo, Norway.,Top Sports Medical Office, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Iver Nicolaisen
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Støa
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mona Sæbø
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Øyvind Støren
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
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Loss of α-actinin-3 during human evolution provides superior cold resilience and muscle heat generation. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:446-457. [PMID: 33600773 PMCID: PMC8008486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein α-actinin-3 expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber is absent in 1.5 billion people worldwide due to homozygosity for a nonsense polymorphism in ACTN3 (R577X). The prevalence of the 577X allele increased as modern humans moved to colder climates, suggesting a link between α-actinin-3 deficiency and improved cold tolerance. Here, we show that humans lacking α-actinin-3 (XX) are superior in maintaining core body temperature during cold-water immersion due to changes in skeletal muscle thermogenesis. Muscles of XX individuals displayed a shift toward more slow-twitch isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins, accompanied by altered neuronal muscle activation resulting in increased tone rather than overt shivering. Experiments on Actn3 knockout mice showed no alterations in brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties that could explain the improved cold tolerance in XX individuals. Thus, this study provides a mechanism for the positive selection of the ACTN3 X-allele in cold climates and supports a key thermogenic role of skeletal muscle during cold exposure in humans.
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Maintenance of type 2 glycolytic myofibers with age by Mib1-Actn3 axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1294. [PMID: 33637766 PMCID: PMC7910585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition associated with loss of muscle mass and function with age that contributes to limitation of mobility and locomotion. However, the underlying mechanisms of how intrinsic muscle changes with age are largely unknown. Here we report that, with age, Mind bomb-1 (Mib1) plays important role in skeletal muscle maintenance via proteasomal degradation-dependent regulation of α-actinin 3 (Actn3). The disruption of Mib1 in myofibers (Mib1ΔMF) results in alteration of type 2 glycolytic myofibers, muscle atrophy, impaired muscle function, and Actn3 accumulation. After chronic exercise, Mib1ΔMF mice show muscle atrophy even at young age. However, when Actn3 level is downregulated, chronic exercise-induced muscle atrophy is ameliorated. Importantly, the Mib1 and Actn3 levels show clinical relevance in human skeletal muscles accompanied by decrease in skeletal muscle function with age. Together, these findings reveal the significance of the Mib1-Actn3 axis in skeletal muscle maintenance with age and suggest the therapeutic potential for the treatment or amelioration of age-related muscle atrophy.
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Masita Silviana N, Andarini S, Lyrawati D, Hidayat M. Masticatory Functional Load Increases the mRNA Expression Levels of ACTN2 and ACTN3 and the Protein Expression of α-Actinin-2 in Rat Masseter Muscle. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:28-33. [PMID: 33632512 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.53323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives α-actinins play structural and regulatory roles in cytoskeletal organization. They form a lattice structure that secures actin in thin filaments, which generate and transmit muscle contractile forces. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of rat masseter muscles are known to change reactions to masticatory functional loads, but their effect on α-actinins remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the response of α-actinins to masticatory functional loads. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks were divided randomly into 3 groups of liquid diet (LD), soft diet, and hard diet (HD). The rats were then sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks. The middle part of superficial masseter muscles was examined to investigate the masticatory effect of functional load on the mRNA expression levels of ACTN2 and ACTN3 and the protein expression levels of α-actinin-2 and α-actinin-3. Results The mRNA expression levels of ACTN2 and ACTN3 and the protein expression levels of α-actinin-2 of the HD group were significantly higher than those of the LD group, which served as the control group. Conclusion Masticatory functional load organizes the mRNA expression levels of ACTN2 and ACTN3 and the protein expression levels of α-actinin-2 in rat masseter muscles through stimuli during muscle physiological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Masita Silviana
- Universitas Brawijaya Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Andarini
- Universitas Brawijaya Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Diana Lyrawati
- Universitas Brawijaya Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Hidayat
- Syaiful Anwar General Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Department of Orthopaedics, Malang, Indonesia
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Yamazaki H, Nishimura M, Uehara M, Kuribara-Souta A, Yamamoto M, Yoshikawa N, Morohashi KI, Tanaka H. Eicosapentaenoic acid changes muscle transcriptome and intervenes in aging-related fiber type transition in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E346-E358. [PMID: 33225720 PMCID: PMC8260374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00184.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related sarcopenia is associated with a variety of changes in skeletal muscle. These changes are interrelated with each other and associated with systemic metabolism, the details of which, however, are largely unknown. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a promising nutrient against sarcopenia and has multifaceted effects on systemic metabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that the aging process in skeletal muscle can be intervened by the administration of EPA. Seventy-five-week-old male mice were assigned to groups fed an EPA-deprived diet (EPA-) or an EPA-enriched diet with 1 wt% EPA (EPA+) for 12 wk. Twenty-four-week-old male mice fed with normal chow were also analyzed. At baseline, the grip strength of the aging mice was lower than that of the young mice. After 12 wk, EPA+ showed similar muscle mass but increased grip strength compared with EPA-. EPA+ displayed higher insulin sensitivity than EPA-. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) revealed fast-to-slow fiber type transition in aging muscle, which was partially inhibited by EPA. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis suggested that EPA supplementation exerts pathway-specific effects in skeletal muscle including the signatures of slow-to-fast fiber type transition. In conclusion, we revealed that aging skeletal muscle in male mice shows lower grip strength and fiber type changes, both of which can be inhibited by EPA supplementation irrespective of muscle mass alteration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that the early phenotype of skeletal muscle in aging male mice is characterized by muscle weakness with fast-to-slow fiber type transition, which could be ameliorated by feeding with EPA-enriched diet. EPA induced metabolic changes such as an increase in systemic insulin sensitivity and altered muscle transcriptome in the aging mice. These changes may be related to the fiber type transition and influence muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Nishimura
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uehara
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuribara-Souta
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritada Yoshikawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Fernández-Araque A, Giaquinta-Aranda A, Rodríguez-Díez JA, Carretero-Molinero S, López-López J, Verde Z. Muscular Strength and Quality of Life in Older Adults: The Role of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1055. [PMID: 33504021 PMCID: PMC7908609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As longevity is increasing, the 65-year-old and older population is projected to increase in the next decades, as are the consequences of age-related muscle deterioration on the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of the ACTN3R577X polymorphism with quality of life and muscular strength in an older Spanish population. In total, 281 older adults participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements, chronic diseases, prescribed medications, quality of life, hand grip strength, and physical activity and nutritional status data were collected. ACTN3 R577X genotyping was determined using Taqman probes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed in adjusted model that, in men, the ACTN3 R577X genotype was significantly associated with hand grip strength (HGS), regression coefficient (β) = 1.23, p = 0.008, dimension 1 of the five-dimension questionnaire EuroQoL (EQ-5D, mobility), (β) = -1.44, p = 0.006, and clinical group risk (CGR) category (β) = -1.38, p = 0.006. In women, a marginal association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and the CGR category was observed, with a regression coefficient of (β) = -0.97, (p = 0.024). Our findings suggest that the ACTN3 R577X genotype may influence the decline in muscle strength and quality of life in older Spanish adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernández-Araque
- Department of Nursery, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.G.-A.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Andrea Giaquinta-Aranda
- Department of Nursery, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.G.-A.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Jose Andrés Rodríguez-Díez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (J.A.R.-D.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Silvia Carretero-Molinero
- Department of Nursery, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.G.-A.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Jorge López-López
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (J.A.R.-D.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Zoraida Verde
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (J.A.R.-D.); (J.L.-L.)
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50
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Urzi F, Pokorny B, Buzan E. Pilot Study on Genetic Associations With Age-Related Sarcopenia. Front Genet 2021; 11:615238. [PMID: 33505434 PMCID: PMC7831746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of an inheritable component of muscle phenotypes, little progress has been made in identifying the specific genetic factors involved in the development of sarcopenia. Even rarer are studies that focus on predicting the risk of sarcopenia based on a genetic risk score. In the present study, we tested the single and combined effect of seven candidate gene variants on the risk of sarcopenia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes were genotyped using the KASP assay. We examined 190 older adults that were classified as non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic according to the diagnostic criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia was associated with Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 genotypes. The combined effect of all three polymorphisms explained 39% of the interindividual variation in sarcopenia risk. Our results suggest that the single and combined effect of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 polymorphism is associated with sarcopenia risk in older adults. Nowadays, as the population is getting older and older, great efforts are being made to research the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. At the same time, small progress has been made in understanding the genetic etiology of sarcopenia. Given the importance of research on this disease, further genetic studies are needed to better understand the genetic risk underlying sarcopenia. We believe that this small-scale study will help to demonstrate that there is still much to be discovered in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Urzi
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
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