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Houweling PJ, Crossman V, Tiong CF, Coles CA, Taylor RL, Clayton JS, Graham A, Vlahos K, Howden SE, North KN. Generation of a human ACTA1-tdTomato reporter iPSC line using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. Stem Cell Res 2024; 75:103313. [PMID: 38277710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We used gene editing to introduce DNA sequences encoding the tdTomato fluorescent protein into the α -skeletal actin 1 (ACTA1) locus to develop an ACTA1-tdTomato induced pluripotent stem cell reporter line for monitoring differentiation of skeletal muscle. This cell line will be used to better understand skeletal muscle maturation and development in vitro as well as provide a useful tool for drug screening and the evaluation of novel therapeutics for the treatment of skeletal muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Crossman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrystal F Tiong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantal A Coles
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhonda L Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua S Clayton
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alison Graham
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katerina Vlahos
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Maier A, Pride NA, Hearps SJC, Shah N, Porter M, North KN, Payne JM. Neuropsychological factors associated with performance on the rey-osterrieth complex figure test in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:348-359. [PMID: 37038321 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2199975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are at considerable risk for cognitive difficulties, including visuospatial deficits and executive dysfunction. This study aimed to (1) assess the overall performance of children with NF1 on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) compared to unaffected siblings and (2) examine neuropsychological predictors of RCFT performance in children with NF1. A retrospective clinical audit was performed on neuropsychological records from a multidisciplinary NF1 Clinic in Australia. We searched for children that had completed an assessment between 2000 and 2015 which included the RCFT and other neuropsychological outcomes in this study. These included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO), Tower of London test, Conners ADHD Scales, and the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The study population consisted of 191 children with NF1 aged 6-16 years, and 55 unaffected siblings recruited from a separate study. Results revealed that 62% of children with NF1 performed at or below the first percentile on the RCFT copy, which was significantly worse than their unaffected siblings. Visuospatial skills, parent-rated executive abilities, ADHD symptoms, and intellectual skills all predicted poorer performance on the RCFT copy, however the best fitting multiple regression model only contained the JLO, BRIEF Metacognition Index, and chronological age. The JLO emerged as the strongest predictor of RCFT performance. This study provides evidence that visuospatial deficits are a key driver of reduced RCFT performance in NF1 and that executive skills as well as a younger age are also independent predictors of RCFT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maier
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J C Hearps
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nijashree Shah
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie Porter
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Haebich KM, Pride NA, Collins A, Porter M, Anderson V, Maier A, Darke H, North KN, Payne JM. Understanding nonliteral language abilities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:872-882. [PMID: 37384446 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic syndrome that affects cognitive, behavioral, and social development. Nonliteral language (NLL) comprehension has not been examined in children with NF1. This study examined NLL comprehension in children with NF1 and associated neuropsychological correlates. METHOD NLL comprehension was examined in children with NF1 (n = 49) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 27) aged 4-12 years using a novel NLL task. The task assessed comprehension of sarcasm, metaphor, simile, and literal language. Cognitive (Wechsler Scales Composites or the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities Revised scaled scores) and behavioral (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] symptoms) correlates of NLL comprehension in children with NF1 were also examined. RESULTS Children with NF1 demonstrated significantly poorer sarcasm comprehension than TD children and a vulnerability in metaphor comprehension. Simile and literal language comprehension were not significantly different between groups. Working memory difficulties and impulsive/hyperactive ADHD symptoms were associated with a reduced ability to identify sarcasm in NF1, while verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, and inattentive ADHD symptoms were not. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest children with NF1 experience challenges in understanding complex NLL comprehension, which are related to reduced working memory and increased impulsivity/hyperactivity. This study provides an initial insight into the figurative language abilities of children with NF1, which should be examined in relation to their social difficulties in future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Pride NA, Haebich KM, Walsh KS, Lami F, Rouel M, Maier A, Chisholm AK, Lorenzo J, Hearps SJC, North KN, Payne JM. Sensory Processing in Children and Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3612. [PMID: 37509275 PMCID: PMC10377664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the evidence of elevated autistic behaviors and co-occurring neurodevelopmental difficulties in many children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), we have a limited understanding of the sensory processing challenges that may occur with the condition. This study examined the sensory profile of children and adolescents with NF1 and investigated the relationships between the sensory profiles and patient characteristics and neuropsychological functioning. The parent/caregivers of 152 children with NF1 and 96 typically developing children completed the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2), along with standardized questionnaires assessing autistic behaviors, ADHD symptoms, internalizing symptoms, adaptive functioning, and social skills. Intellectual functioning was also assessed. The SP2 data indicated elevated sensory processing problems in children with NF1 compared to typically developing children. Over 40% of children with NF1 displayed differences in sensory registration (missing sensory input) and were unusually sensitive to and unusually avoidant of sensory stimuli. Sixty percent of children with NF1 displayed difficulties in one or more sensory modalities. Elevated autistic behaviors and ADHD symptoms were associated with more severe sensory processing difficulties. This first detailed assessment of sensory processing, alongside other clinical features, in a relatively large cohort of children and adolescents with NF1 demonstrates the relationships between sensory processing differences and adaptive skills and behavior, as well as psychological well-being. Our characterization of the sensory profile within a genetic syndrome may help facilitate more targeted interventions to support overall functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Francesca Lami
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alice Maier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anita K Chisholm
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Lunke S, Bouffler SE, Patel CV, Sandaradura SA, Wilson M, Pinner J, Hunter MF, Barnett CP, Wallis M, Kamien B, Tan TY, Freckmann ML, Chong B, Phelan D, Francis D, Kassahn KS, Ha T, Gao S, Arts P, Jackson MR, Scott HS, Eggers S, Rowley S, Boggs K, Rakonjac A, Brett GR, de Silva MG, Springer A, Ward M, Stallard K, Simons C, Conway T, Halman A, Van Bergen NJ, Sikora T, Semcesen LN, Stroud DA, Compton AG, Thorburn DR, Bell KM, Sadedin S, North KN, Christodoulou J, Stark Z. Integrated multi-omics for rapid rare disease diagnosis on a national scale. Nat Med 2023:10.1038/s41591-023-02401-9. [PMID: 37291213 PMCID: PMC10353936 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill infants and children with rare diseases need equitable access to rapid and accurate diagnosis to direct clinical management. Over 2 years, the Acute Care Genomics program provided whole-genome sequencing to 290 families whose critically ill infants and children were admitted to hospitals throughout Australia with suspected genetic conditions. The average time to result was 2.9 d and diagnostic yield was 47%. We performed additional bioinformatic analyses and transcriptome sequencing in all patients who remained undiagnosed. Long-read sequencing and functional assays, ranging from clinically accredited enzyme analysis to bespoke quantitative proteomics, were deployed in selected cases. This resulted in an additional 19 diagnoses and an overall diagnostic yield of 54%. Diagnostic variants ranged from structural chromosomal abnormalities through to an intronic retrotransposon, disrupting splicing. Critical care management changed in 120 diagnosed patients (77%). This included major impacts, such as informing precision treatments, surgical and transplant decisions and palliation, in 94 patients (60%). Our results provide preliminary evidence of the clinical utility of integrating multi-omic approaches into mainstream diagnostic practice to fully realize the potential of rare disease genomic testing in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chirag V Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Pinner
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew F Hunter
- Monash Genetics, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mathew Wallis
- Tasmanian Clinical Genetics Service, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Medicine and Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kamien
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tiong Y Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary-Louise Freckmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Belinda Chong
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean Phelan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Francis
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thuong Ha
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matilda R Jackson
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stefanie Eggers
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Rowley
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten Boggs
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ana Rakonjac
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network - Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gemma R Brett
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle G de Silva
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Springer
- Monash Genetics, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Ward
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsty Stallard
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Conway
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Halman
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Van Bergen
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Sikora
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liana N Semcesen
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison G Compton
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Sadedin
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Hocking DR, Sun X, Haebich K, Darke H, North KN, Vivanti G, Payne JM. Delineating Visual Habituation Profiles in Preschoolers with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Syndrome Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-05913-y. [PMID: 36877426 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Atypical habituation to repetitive information has been commonly reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but it is not yet clear whether similar abnormalities are present in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). We employed a cross-syndrome design using a novel eye tracking paradigm to measure habituation in preschoolers with NF1, children with idiopathic ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Eye movements were recorded to examine fixation duration to simultaneously presented repeating and novel stimuli. Children with NF1 showed a bias for longer look durations to repeating stimuli at the expense of novel stimuli, and slower habituation in NF1 was associated with elevated ASD traits. These findings could indicate aberrant modulation of bottom-up attentional networks that interact with the emergence of ASD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Hocking
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristina Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley Darke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Giacomo Vivanti
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street, Suite 560, 19104-3734, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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7
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Stark Z, Boughtwood T, Haas M, Braithwaite J, Gaff CL, Goranitis I, Spurdle AB, Hansen DP, Hofmann O, Laing N, Metcalfe S, Newson AJ, Scott HS, Thorne N, Ward RL, Dinger ME, Best S, Long JC, Grimmond SM, Pearson J, Waddell N, Barnett CP, Cook M, Field M, Fielding D, Fox SB, Gecz J, Jaffe A, Leventer RJ, Lockhart PJ, Lunke S, Mallett AJ, McGaughran J, Mileshkin L, Nones K, Roscioli T, Scheffer IE, Semsarian C, Simons C, Thomas DM, Thorburn DR, Tothill R, White D, Dunwoodie S, Simpson PT, Phillips P, Brion MJ, Finlay K, Quinn MC, Mattiske T, Tudini E, Boggs K, Murray S, Wells K, Cannings J, Sinclair AH, Christodoulou J, North KN. Australian Genomics: Outcomes of a 5-year national program to accelerate the integration of genomics in healthcare. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:419-426. [PMID: 36868206 PMCID: PMC10027474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Australian Genomics is a national collaborative partnership of more than 100 organizations piloting a whole-of-system approach to integrating genomics into healthcare, based on federation principles. In the first five years of operation, Australian Genomics has evaluated the outcomes of genomic testing in more than 5,200 individuals across 19 rare disease and cancer flagship studies. Comprehensive analyses of the health economic, policy, ethical, legal, implementation and workforce implications of incorporating genomics in the Australian context have informed evidence-based change in policy and practice, resulting in national government funding and equity of access for a range of genomic tests. Simultaneously, Australian Genomics has built national skills, infrastructure, policy, and data resources to enable effective data sharing to drive discovery research and support improvements in clinical genomic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Boughtwood
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Childhood Dementia Initiative, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matilda Haas
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; International Society for Quality in Health Care, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clara L Gaff
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Goranitis
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David P Hansen
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sylvia Metcalfe
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ainsley J Newson
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie Thorne
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Best
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet C Long
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pearson
- Genome Informatics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Medical Genomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mallett
- KidGen Collaborative, Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- Medical Genomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Randwick Genomics Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Tothill
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology and Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, The South Australian Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sally Dunwoodie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peta Phillips
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie-Jo Brion
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keri Finlay
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Cj Quinn
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Tessa Mattiske
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Tudini
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Health Economics Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten Boggs
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Murray
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mito Foundation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Wells
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Breast Cancer Network Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Cannings
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Thoracic Oncology Group of Australasia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Rance G, Maier A, Zanin J, Haebich KM, North KN, Orsini F, Dabscheck G, Delatycki MB, Payne JM. A randomized controlled trial of remote microphone listening devices to treat auditory deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5637-5641. [PMID: 35723774 PMCID: PMC9385787 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background A high proportion of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) present with functional hearing deficiency as a result of neural abnormality in the late auditory brainstem. Methods In this randomized, two-period crossover study, we investigated the hypothesis that remote-microphone listening devices can ameliorate hearing and communication deficits in affected school-aged children (7–17 years). Speech perception ability in background noise was evaluated in device-active and inactive conditions using the CNC-word test. Participants were then randomized to one of two treatment sequences: (1) inactive device for two weeks (placebo), followed by active device use for two weeks, or (2) active device for 2 weeks, followed by inactive device for 2 weeks. Listening and communication ratings (LIFE-R Questionnaire) were obtained at baseline and at the end of each treatment phase. Results Each participant demonstrated functional hearing benefits with remote-microphone use. All showed a speech perception in noise increase when the device was activated with a mean phoneme-score difference of 16.4% (p < 0.001) and reported improved listening/communication abilities in the school classroom (mean difference: 23.4%; p = 0.017). Discussion Conventional hearing aids are typically ineffective as a treatment for auditory neural dysfunction, making sounds louder, but not clearer for affected individuals. In this study, we demonstrate that remote-microphone technologies are acceptable/tolerable in pediatric patients with NF1 and can ameliorate their hearing deficits. Conclusion Remote-microphone listening systems offer a viable treatment option for children with auditory deficits associated with NF1.
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9
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Haug M, Reischl B, Nübler S, Kiriaev L, Mázala DAG, Houweling PJ, North KN, Friedrich O, Head SI. Absence of the Z-disc protein α-actinin-3 impairs the mechanical stability of Actn3KO mouse fast-twitch muscle fibres without altering their contractile properties or twitch kinetics. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35733150 PMCID: PMC9219180 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene results in the complete absence of the Z-disc protein α-actinin-3 from fast-twitch muscle fibres in ~ 16% of the world's population. This single gene polymorphism has been subject to strong positive selection pressure during recent human evolution. Previously, using an Actn3KO mouse model, we have shown in fast-twitch muscles, eccentric contractions at L0 + 20% stretch did not cause eccentric damage. In contrast, L0 + 30% stretch produced a significant ~ 40% deficit in maximum force; here, we use isolated single fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres from the Actn3KO mouse to investigate the mechanism underlying this. METHODS Single fast-twitch fibres are separated from the intact muscle by a collagenase digest procedure. We use label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, ultra-fast video microscopy and skinned fibre measurements from our MyoRobot automated biomechatronics system to study the morphology, visco-elasticity, force production and mechanical strength of single fibres from the Actn3KO mouse. Data are presented as means ± SD and tested for significance using ANOVA. RESULTS We show that the absence of α-actinin-3 does not affect the visco-elastic properties or myofibrillar force production. Eccentric contractions demonstrated that chemically skinned Actn3KO fibres are mechanically weaker being prone to breakage when eccentrically stretched. Furthermore, SHG images reveal disruptions in the myofibrillar alignment of Actn3KO fast-twitch fibres with an increase in Y-shaped myofibrillar branching. CONCLUSIONS The absence of α-actinin-3 from the Z-disc in fast-twitch fibres disrupts the organisation of the myofibrillar proteins, leading to structural weakness. This provides a mechanistic explanation for our earlier findings that in vitro intact Actn3KO fast-twitch muscles are significantly damaged by L0 + 30%, but not L0 + 20%, eccentric contraction strains. Our study also provides a possible mechanistic explanation as to why α-actinin-3-deficient humans have been reported to have a faster decline in muscle function with increasing age, that is, as sarcopenia reduces muscle mass and force output, the eccentric stress on the remaining functional α-actinin-3 deficient fibres will be increased, resulting in fibre breakages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haug
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nübler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonit Kiriaev
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Davi A G Mázala
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Professions, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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10
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Chisholm AK, Haebich KM, Pride NA, Walsh KS, Lami F, Ure A, Maloof T, Brignell A, Rouel M, Granader Y, Maier A, Barton B, Darke H, Dabscheck G, Anderson VA, Williams K, North KN, Payne JM. Delineating the autistic phenotype in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Mol Autism 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 34983638 PMCID: PMC8729013 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing research has demonstrated elevated autistic behaviours in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but the autistic phenotype and its relationship to other neurodevelopmental manifestations of NF1 remains unclear. To address this gap, we performed detailed characterisation of autistic behaviours in children with NF1 and investigated their association with other common NF1 child characteristics. Methods Participants were drawn from a larger cross-sectional study examining autism in children with NF1. The population analysed in this study scored above threshold on the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (T-score ≥ 60; 51% larger cohort) and completed the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and/or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2). All participants underwent evaluation of their intellectual function, and behavioural data were collected via parent questionnaires. Results The study cohort comprised 68 children (3–15 years). Sixty-three per cent met the ADOS-2 ‘autism spectrum’ cut-off, and 34% exceeded the more stringent threshold for ‘autistic disorder’ on the ADI-R. Social communication symptoms were common and wide-ranging, while restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) were most commonly characterised by ‘insistence on sameness’ (IS) behaviours such as circumscribed interests and difficulties with minor changes. Autistic behaviours were weakly correlated with hyperactive/impulsive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms but not with inattentive ADHD or other behavioural characteristics. Language and verbal IQ were weakly related to social communication behaviours but not to RRBs. Limitations Lack of genetic validation of NF1, no clinical diagnosis of autism, and a retrospective assessment of autistic behaviours in early childhood. Conclusions Findings provide strong support for elevated autistic behaviours in children with NF1. While these behaviours were relatively independent of other NF1 comorbidities, the importance of taking broader child characteristics into consideration when interpreting data from autism-specific measures in this population is highlighted. Social communication deficits appear similar to those observed in idiopathic autism and are coupled with a unique RRB profile comprising prominent IS behaviours. This autistic phenotype and its relationship to common NF1 comorbidities such as anxiety and executive dysfunction will be important to examine in future research. Current findings have important implications for the early identification of autism in NF1 and clinical management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-021-00481-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Chisholm
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 178A Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20310, USA
| | - Francesca Lami
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alex Ure
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Developmental Paediatrics, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Tiba Maloof
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda Brignell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 178A Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yael Granader
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20310, USA
| | - Alice Maier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 178A Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 178A Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Hayley Darke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Vicki A Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Developmental Paediatrics, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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11
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Kiriaev L, Kueh S, Morley JW, North KN, Houweling PJ, Head SI. Lifespan Analysis of Dystrophic mdx Fast-Twitch Muscle Morphology and Its Impact on Contractile Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771499. [PMID: 34950049 PMCID: PMC8689589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin from skeletal muscle and is characterized by progressive cycles of necrosis/regeneration. Using the dystrophin deficient mdx mouse model, we studied the morphological and contractile chronology of dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology in fast-twitch Extensor Digitorum Longus muscles from animals 4–22 months of age containing 100% regenerated muscle fibers. Catastrophically, the older age groups lost ∼80% of their maximum force after one eccentric contraction (EC) of 20% strain with the greatest loss of ∼92% recorded in senescent 22-month-old mdx mice. In old age groups, there was minimal force recovery ∼24% after 120 min, correlated with a dramatic increase in the number and complexity of branched fibers. This data supports our two-phase model where a “tipping point” is reached when branched fibers rupture irrevocably on EC. These findings have important implications for pre-clinical drug studies and genetic rescue strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- Myogenica Laboratory, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Leonit Kiriaev,
| | - Sindy Kueh
- Myogenica Laboratory, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John W. Morley
- Myogenica Laboratory, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Muscle Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J. Houweling
- Muscle Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stewart I. Head
- Myogenica Laboratory, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Muscle Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Rance G, Zanin J, Maier A, Chisari D, Haebich KM, North KN, Dabscheck G, Seal ML, Delatycki MB, Payne JM. Auditory Dysfunction Among Individuals With Neurofibromatosis Type 1. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2136842. [PMID: 34870681 PMCID: PMC8649832 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) affects hearing through disruption of central auditory processing. The mechanisms, functional severity, and management implications are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate auditory neural dysfunction and its perceptual consequences in individuals with NF1. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study included children and adults with NF1 and control participants matched on age, sex, and hearing level. Patients were recruited through specialist neurofibromatosis and neurogenetic outpatient clinics between April and September 2019. An evaluation of auditory neural activity, monaural/binaural processing, and functional hearing was conducted. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from a subset of participants (10 children with NF1 and 10 matched control participants) and evaluated using a fixel-based analysis of apparent fiber density. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Type and severity of auditory dysfunction evaluated via laboratory testing and questionnaire data. RESULTS A total of 44 participants (18 [41%] female individuals) with NF1 with a mean (SD) age of 16.9 (10.7) years and 44 control participants (18 [41%] female individuals) with a mean (SD) age of 17.2 (10.2) years were included in the study. Overall, 11 participants (25%) with NF1 presented with evidence of auditory neural dysfunction, including absent, delayed, or low amplitude electrophysiological responses from the auditory nerve and/or brainstem, compared with 1 participant (2%) in the control group (odds ratio [OR], 13.03; 95% CI, 1.59-106.95). Furthermore, 14 participants (32%) with NF1 showed clinically abnormal speech perception in background noise compared with 1 participant (2%) in the control group (OR, 20.07; 95% CI, 2.50-160.89). Analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI data of participants with NF1 showed significantly lower apparent fiber density within the ascending auditory brainstem pathways. The regions identified corresponded to the neural dysfunction measured using electrophysiological assessment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this case-control study could represent new neurobiological and clinical features of NF1. Auditory dysfunction severe enough to impede developmental progress in children and restrict communication in older participants is a common neurobiological feature of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Rance
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julien Zanin
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Maier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donella Chisari
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina M. Haebich
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Melbourne
| | - Marc L. Seal
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Payne
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Melbourne
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13
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Kiriaev L, Houweling PJ, North KN, Head SI. Loss of α-actinin-3 confers protection from eccentric contraction damage in fast-twitch EDL muscles from aged mdx dystrophic mice by reducing pathological fibre branching. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1417-1429. [PMID: 34761268 PMCID: PMC9071495 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The common null polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene is present in over 1.5 billion people worldwide and results in the absence of the protein α-actinin-3 from the Z-discs of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres. We have previously reported that this polymorphism is a modifier of dystrophin deficient Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. To investigate the mechanism underlying this we use a double knockout (dk)Actn3KO/mdx (dKO) mouse model which lacks both dystrophin and sarcomere α-actinin-3. We used dKO mice and mdx dystrophic mice at 12 months (aged) to investigate the correlation between morphological changes to the fast-twitch dKO EDL and the reduction in force deficit produced by an in vitro eccentric contraction protocol. In the aged dKO mouse we found a marked reduction in fibre branching complexity that correlated with protection from eccentric contraction induced force deficit. Complex branches in the aged dKO EDL fibres (28%) were substantially reduced compared to aged mdx EDL fibres (68%) and this correlates with a graded force loss over three eccentric contractions for dKO muscles (~35% after first contraction, ~ 66% overall) compared to an abrupt drop in mdx upon the first eccentric contraction (~73% after first contraction, ~ 89% after three contractions). In dKO protection from eccentric contraction damage was linked with a doubling of SERCA1 pump density the EDL. We propose that the increased oxidative metabolism of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres characteristic of the null polymorphism (R577X) and increase in SR Ca2+ pump proteins reduces muscle fibre branching and decreases susceptibility to eccentric injury in the dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Kiriaev L, Kueh S, Morley JW, Houweling PJ, Chan S, North KN, Head SI. Dystrophin-negative slow-twitch soleus muscles are not susceptible to eccentric contraction induced injury over the lifespan of the mdx mouse. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C704-C720. [PMID: 34432537 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00122.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the second most common fatal genetic disease in humans and is characterized by the absence of a functional copy of the protein dystrophin from skeletal muscle. In dystrophin-negative humans and rodents, regenerated skeletal muscle fibers show abnormal branching. The number of fibers with branches and the complexity of branching increases with each cycle of degeneration/regeneration. Previously, using the mdx mouse model of DMD, we have proposed that once the number and complexity of branched fibers present in dystrophic fast-twitch EDL muscle surpasses a stable level, we term the "tipping point," the branches, in and of themselves, mechanically weaken the muscle by rupturing when subjected to high forces during eccentric contractions. Here, we use the slow-twitch soleus muscle from the dystrophic mdx mouse to study prediseased "periambulatory" dystrophy at 2-3 wk, the peak regenerative "adult" phase at 6-9 wk, and "old" at 58-112 wk. Using isolated mdx soleus muscles, we examined contractile function and response to eccentric contraction correlated with the amount and complexity of regenerated branched fibers. The intact muscle was enzymatically dispersed into individual fibers in order to count fiber branching and some muscles were optically cleared to allow laser scanning confocal microscopy. We demonstrate throughout the lifespan of the mdx mouse that dystrophic slow-twitch soleus muscle is no more susceptible to eccentric contraction-induced injury than age-matched littermate controls and that this is correlated with a reduction in the number and complexity of branched fibers compared with fast-twitch dystrophic EDL muscles.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Kinetics
- Male
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Strength
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sindy Kueh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John W Morley
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Chan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Haebich KM, Dao DP, Pride NA, Barton B, Walsh KS, Maier A, Chisholm AK, Darke H, Catroppa C, Malarbi S, Wilkinson JC, Anderson VA, North KN, Payne JM. The mediating role of ADHD symptoms between executive function and social skills in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Child Neuropsychol 2021; 28:318-336. [PMID: 34587865 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1976129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often experience executive dysfunction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and poor social skills, however, the nature of the relationships between these domains in children with NF1 is unclear. This study investigated these relationships using primary caregiver ratings of executive functions, ADHD symptoms and social skills in children with NF1. Participants were 136 children with NF1 and 93 typically developing (TD) controls aged 3-15 years recruited from 3 multidisciplinary neurofibromatosis clinics in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, and Washington DC, USA. Mediation analysis was performed on primary outcome variables: parent ratings of executive functions (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Metacognition Index), ADHD symptoms (Conners-3/Conners ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Scales) and social skills (Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scale), adjusting for potential confounders (full scale IQ, sex, and social risk). Results revealed significantly poorer executive functions, elevated ADHD symptoms and reduced social skills in children with NF1 compared to controls. Poorer executive functions significantly predicted elevated ADHD symptoms and poorer social skills. Elevated ADHD symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between executive functions and social skills problems although did not fully account for social dysfunction. This study provides evidence for the importance of targeting ADHD symptoms as part of future interventions aimed at promoting prosocial behaviors in children with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duy P Dao
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie A Pride
- Kids Ne Uroscience Centre, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Kids Ne Uroscience Centre, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alice Maier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anita K Chisholm
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley Darke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cathy Catroppa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie Malarbi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jake C Wilkinson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vicki A Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Stark Z, Foulger RE, Williams E, Thompson BA, Patel C, Lunke S, Snow C, Leong IUS, Puzriakova A, Daugherty LC, Leigh S, Boustred C, Niblock O, Rueda-Martin A, Gerasimenko O, Savage K, Bellamy W, Lin VSK, Valls R, Gordon L, Brittain HK, Thomas ERA, Taylor Tavares AL, McEntagart M, White SM, Tan TY, Yeung A, Downie L, Macciocca I, Savva E, Lee C, Roesley A, De Fazio P, Deller J, Deans ZC, Hill SL, Caulfield MJ, North KN, Scott RH, Rendon A, Hofmann O, McDonagh EM. Scaling national and international improvement in virtual gene panel curation via a collaborative approach to discordance resolution. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1551-1557. [PMID: 34329581 PMCID: PMC8456155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical validity assessments of gene-disease associations underpin analysis and reporting in diagnostic genomics, and yet wide variability exists in practice, particularly in use of these assessments for virtual gene panel design and maintenance. Harmonization efforts are hampered by the lack of agreed terminology, agreed gene curation standards, and platforms that can be used to identify and resolve discrepancies at scale. We undertook a systematic comparison of the content of 80 virtual gene panels used in two healthcare systems by multiple diagnostic providers in the United Kingdom and Australia. The process was enabled by a shared curation platform, PanelApp, and resulted in the identification and review of 2,144 discordant gene ratings, demonstrating the utility of sharing structured gene-disease validity assessments and collaborative discordance resolution in establishing national and international consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca E Foulger
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bryony A Thompson
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Catherine Snow
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ivone U S Leong
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Arina Puzriakova
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Louise C Daugherty
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah Leigh
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christopher Boustred
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olivia Niblock
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Antonio Rueda-Martin
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Oleg Gerasimenko
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kevin Savage
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - William Bellamy
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Victor San Kho Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Roman Valls
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lavinia Gordon
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Helen K Brittain
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ellen R A Thomas
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Trust, London SE1 9RS, UK
| | | | - Meriel McEntagart
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tiong Y Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alison Yeung
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lilian Downie
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ivan Macciocca
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elena Savva
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Crystle Lee
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ain Roesley
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul De Fazio
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jane Deller
- National Health Service England and National Health Service Improvement, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Zandra C Deans
- National Health Service England and National Health Service Improvement, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Sue L Hill
- National Health Service England and National Health Service Improvement, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kathryn N North
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard H Scott
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Augusto Rendon
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ellen M McDonagh
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Open Targets and European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
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17
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Seto JT, Roeszler KN, Meehan LR, Wood HD, Tiong C, Bek L, Lee SF, Shah M, Quinlan KGR, Gregorevic P, Houweling PJ, North KN. ACTN3 genotype influences skeletal muscle mass regulation and response to dexamethasone. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/27/eabg0088. [PMID: 34215586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Homozygosity for the common ACTN3 null polymorphism (ACTN3 577X) results in α-actinin-3 deficiency in ~20% of humans worldwide and is linked to reduced sprint and power performance in both elite athletes and the general population. α-Actinin-3 deficiency is also associated with reduced muscle mass, increased risk of sarcopenia, and altered muscle wasting response induced by denervation and immobilization. Here, we show that α-actinin-3 plays a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis and breakdown signaling in skeletal muscle and influences muscle mass from early postnatal development. We also show that α-actinin-3 deficiency reduces the atrophic and anti-inflammatory response to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in muscle and protects against dexamethasone-induced muscle wasting in female but not male mice. The effects of α-actinin-3 deficiency on muscle mass regulation and response to muscle wasting provide an additional mechanistic explanation for the positive selection of the ACTN3 577X allele in recent human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Seto
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly N Roeszler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyra R Meehan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harrison D Wood
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chrystal Tiong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucinda Bek
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siaw F Lee
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manan Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Davidson ZE, Bray P, Rose K, Rodrigues MJ, Corben L, North KN, Ryan MM, Burns J. Development of clinical practice guidelines for allied health and nursing assessment and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5450-5467. [PMID: 34165385 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1936221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide evidence-based guidance specific to allied health and nursing practice for the assessment and management of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen key focus areas were identified in consultation with health professionals and consumer advocacy groups. A series of systematic literature reviews were conducted to identify assessment and management strategies for each key focus area. A consensus process using modified Delphi methodology, including an Australia-New Zealand expert consensus meeting, was conducted. Recommendations underwent consultative review with key groups before being finalised and prepared for dissemination. RESULTS This clinical practice guideline (CPG) generated 19 evidence-based recommendations, 117 consensus-based recommendations and five research recommendations across the 13 focus areas to inform allied health assessment and management of individuals with DMD. CONCLUSIONS The resulting recommendations can be used in conjunction with existing medical CPGs to improve, standardise and advocate for allied health and rehabilitation care in DMD. The process used here may be useful for the development of CPGs in other rare diseases.Implications for rehabilitationImplementation-ready evidence-based statements to guide clinical care of individuals with DMD are provided with the potential to improve participation, function in the community and quality of life.A model for developing best practice statements for other rare neurological diseases is described.Allied health and nursing health professionals should focus research efforts to generate quality evidence to support rehabilitation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Davidson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Neurology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - P Bray
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Rose
- School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.,ATOM International Pty Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M J Rodrigues
- Muscular Dystrophy Association of New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L Corben
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - K N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M M Ryan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Neurology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - J Burns
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Houweling PJ, Coles CA, Tiong CF, Nielsen B, Graham A, McDonald P, Suter A, Piers AT, Forbes R, Ryan MM, Howden SE, Lamandé SR, North KN. Generating an iPSC line (with isogenic control) from the PBMCs of an ACTA1 (p.Gly148Asp) nemaline myopathy patient. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102429. [PMID: 34157503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To produce an in vitro model of nemaline myopathy, we reprogrammed the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a patient with a heterozygous p.Gly148Asp mutation in exon 3 of the ACTA1 gene to iPSCs. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing we corrected the mutation to generate an isogenic control line. Both the mutant and control show a normal karyotype, express pluripotency markers and could differentiae into the three cell states that represent embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and neuroectoderm) and the dermomyotome (precursor of skeletal muscle). When differentiated these cell lines will be used to explore disease mechanisms and evaluate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantal A Coles
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrystal F Tiong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget Nielsen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Graham
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penny McDonald
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabelle Suter
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam T Piers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Forbes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shireen R Lamandé
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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Payne JM, Haebich KM, MacKenzie R, Walsh KS, Hearps SJC, Coghill D, Barton B, Pride NA, Ullrich NJ, Tonsgard JH, Viskochil D, Schorry EK, Klesse L, Fisher MJ, Gutmann DH, Rosser T, Packer RJ, Korf B, Acosta MT, Bellgrove MA, North KN. Cognition, ADHD Symptoms, and Functional Impairment in Children and Adolescents With Neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1177-1186. [PMID: 31838937 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719894384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examined the contribution of attention and executive cognitive processes to ADHD symptomatology in NF1, as well as the relationships between cognition and ADHD symptoms with functional outcomes. Methods: The study sample consisted of 141 children and adolescents with NF1. Children were administered neuropsychological tests that assessed attention and executive function, from which latent cognitive variables were derived. ADHD symptomatology, adaptive skills, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed using parent-rated questionnaires. Path analyses were conducted to test relationships among cognitive functioning, ADHD symptomatology, and functional outcomes. Results: Significant deficits were observed on all outcome variables. Cognitive variables did not predict ADHD symptomatology. Neither did they predict functional outcomes. However, elevated ADHD symptomatology significantly predicted functional outcomes. Conclusion: Irrespective of cognitive deficits, elevated ADHD symptoms in children with NF1 negatively impact daily functioning and emphasize the importance of interventions aimed at minimizing ADHD symptoms in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karin S Walsh
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen J C Hearps
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Coghill
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie A Pride
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - James H Tonsgard
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Klesse
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Korf
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Payne JM, Walsh KS, Pride NA, Haebich KM, Maier A, Chisholm A, Glad DM, Casnar CL, Rouel M, Lorenzo J, Del Castillo A, North KN, Klein-Tasman B. Social skills and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: evidence for clinical trial outcomes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:813-819. [PMID: 32181506 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined key features of two outcome measures for social dysfunction and autism spectrum disorder traits, the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) and the Social Skills Improvement System - Rating Scales (SSIS-RS), in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The aim of the study was to provide objective evidence as to which behavioural endpoint should be used in clinical trials. METHOD Cross-sectional behavioural and demographic data were pooled from four paediatric NF1 tertiary referral centres in Australia and the United States (N=122; 65 males, 57 females; mean age [SD] 9y 2mo [3y], range 3-15y). RESULTS Distributions of SRS-2 and SSIS-RS scores were unimodal and both yielded deficits, with a higher proportion of severely impaired scores on the SRS-2 (16.4%) compared to the SSIS-RS (8.2%). Pearson's product-moment correlations revealed that both questionnaires were highly related to each other (r=-0.72, p<0.001) and to measures of adaptive social functioning (both p<0.001). Both questionnaires were significantly related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, but only very weakly associated with intelligence. INTERPRETATION The SRS-2 and SSIS-RS capture social dysfunction associated with NF1, suggesting both may be suitable choices for assessing social outcomes in this population in a clinical trial. However, careful thought needs to be given to the nature of the intervention when selecting either as a primary endpoint. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition yielded a large deficit relative to population norms. The Social Skills Improvement System - Rating Scales yielded a moderate deficit relative to population norms. Both scales were highly correlated, suggesting that they are measuring a unitary construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Maier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Chisholm
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle M Glad
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christina L Casnar
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Del Castillo
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bonita Klein-Tasman
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Kiriaev L, Kueh S, Morley JW, North KN, Houweling PJ, Head SI. Isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles from old
mdx
dystrophic mice show little force recovery 120 minutes after eccentric damage. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kiriaev L, Kueh S, Morley JW, North KN, Houweling PJ, Head SI. Isolated Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscles from Old mdx Dystrophic Mice Show Little Force Recovery 120 Minutes after Eccentric Damage. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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24
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Claussnitzer M, Cho JH, Collins R, Cox NJ, Dermitzakis ET, Hurles ME, Kathiresan S, Kenny EE, Lindgren CM, MacArthur DG, North KN, Plon SE, Rehm HL, Risch N, Rotimi CN, Shendure J, Soranzo N, McCarthy MI. A brief history of human disease genetics. Nature 2020; 577:179-189. [PMID: 31915397 PMCID: PMC7405896 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal of human genetics is to identify DNA sequence variants that influence biomedical traits, particularly those related to the onset and progression of human disease. Over the past 25 years, progress in realizing this objective has been transformed by advances in technology, foundational genomic resources and analytical tools, and by access to vast amounts of genotype and phenotype data. Genetic discoveries have substantially improved our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for many rare and common diseases and driven development of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies. Medical innovation will increasingly focus on delivering care tailored to individual patterns of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Claussnitzer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Judy H Cho
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rory Collins
- Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UK Biobank, Stockport, UK
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Health 2030 Genome Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Risch
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Magnuson Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Payne JM, Hearps SJC, Walsh KS, Paltin I, Barton B, Ullrich NJ, Haebich KM, Coghill D, Gioia GA, Cantor A, Cutter G, Tonsgard JH, Viskochil D, Rey-Casserly C, Schorry EK, Ackerson JD, Klesse L, Fisher MJ, Gutmann DH, Rosser T, Packer RJ, Korf B, Acosta MT, North KN. Reproducibility of cognitive endpoints in clinical trials: lessons from neurofibromatosis type 1. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2555-2565. [PMID: 31797581 PMCID: PMC6917317 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rapid developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders have increased expectations for targeted, mechanism‐based treatments. However, translation from preclinical models to human clinical trials has proven challenging. Poor reproducibility of cognitive endpoints may provide one explanation for this finding. We examined the suitability of cognitive outcomes for clinical trials in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) by examining test‐retest reliability of the measures and the application of data reduction techniques to improve reproducibility. Methods Data were analyzed from the STARS clinical trial (n = 146), a multi‐center double‐blind placebo‐controlled phase II trial of lovastatin, conducted by the NF Clinical Trials Consortium. Intra‐class correlation coefficients were generated between pre‐ and post‐performances (16‐week interval) on neuropsychological endpoints in the placebo group to determine test‐retest reliabilities. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to reduce data into cognitive domains and account for measurement error. Results Test‐retest reliabilities were highly variable, with most endpoints demonstrating unacceptably low reproducibility. Data reduction confirmed four distinct neuropsychological domains: executive functioning/attention, visuospatial ability, memory, and behavior. Test‐retest reliabilities of latent factors improved to acceptable levels for clinical trials. Applicability and utility of our model was demonstrated by homogeneous effect sizes in the reanalyzed efficacy data. Interpretation These data demonstrate that single observed endpoints are not appropriate to determine efficacy, partly accounting for the poor test‐retest reliability of cognitive outcomes in clinical trials in neurodevelopmental disorders. Recommendations to improve reproducibility are outlined to guide future trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J C Hearps
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Iris Paltin
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Belinda Barton
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina M Haebich
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Coghill
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerard A Gioia
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Alan Cantor
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gary Cutter
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James H Tonsgard
- Division of Neurology, The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Viskochil
- Department of Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Elizabeth K Schorry
- Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph D Ackerson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Laura Klesse
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tena Rosser
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roger J Packer
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Bruce Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maria T Acosta
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Haebich KM, Pride NA, Walsh KS, Chisholm A, Rouel M, Maier A, Anderson V, Barton B, Silk T, Korgaonkar M, Seal M, Lami F, Lorenzo J, Williams K, Dabscheck G, Rae CD, Kean M, North KN, Payne JM. Understanding autism spectrum disorder and social functioning in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: protocol for a cross-sectional multimodal study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030601. [PMID: 31558455 PMCID: PMC6773330 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with the single-gene disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) appear to be at an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and exhibit a unique social-cognitive phenotype compared with children with idiopathic ASD. A complete framework is required to better understand autism in NF1, from neurobiological levels through to behavioural and functional outcomes. The primary aims of this study are to establish the frequency of ASD in children with NF1, examine the social cognitive phenotype, investigate the neuropsychological processes contributing to ASD symptoms and poor social functioning in children with NF1, and to investigate novel structural and functional neurobiological markers of ASD and social dysfunction in NF1. The secondary aim of this study is to compare the neuropsychological and neurobiological features of ASD in children with NF1 to a matched group of patients with idiopathic ASD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an international, multisite, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study of children with NF1, idiopathic ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Participants will be 200 children with NF1 (3-15 years of age), 70 TD participants (3-15 years) and 35 children with idiopathic ASD (7-15 years). Idiopathic ASD and NF1 cases will be matched on age, sex and intelligence. All participants will complete cognitive testing and parents will rate their child's behaviour on standardised questionnaires. Neuroimaging will be completed by a subset of participants aged 7 years and older. Children with NF1 that screen at risk for ASD on the parent-rated Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition will be invited back to complete the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale 2nd Edition and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised to determine whether they fulfil ASD diagnostic criteria. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has hospital ethics approval and the results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Haebich
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anita Chisholm
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Alice Maier
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Mayuresh Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Lami
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kean
- Imaging Department, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Papadimitriou ID, Eynon N, Yan X, Munson F, Jacques M, Kuang J, Voisin S, North KN, Bishop DJ. A "human knockout" model to investigate the influence of the α-actinin-3 protein on exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12688. [PMID: 31481717 PMCID: PMC6722100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in α-actinin-3 knockout mice suggests a novel role for α-actinin-3 as a mediator of cell signalling. We took advantage of naturally-occurring human “knockouts” (lacking α-actinin-3 protein) to investigate the consequences of α-actinin-3 deficiency on exercise-induced changes in mitochondrial-related genes and proteins, as well as endurance training adaptations. At baseline, we observed a compensatory increase of α-actinin-2 protein in ACTN3 XX (α-actinin-3 deficient; n = 18) vs ACTN3 RR (expressing α-actinin-3; n = 19) participants but no differences between genotypes for markers of aerobic fitness or mitochondrial content and function. There was a main effect of genotype, without an interaction, for RCAN1-4 protein content (a marker of calcineurin activity). However, there was no effect of genotype on exercise-induced expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, nor post-training physiological changes. In contrast to results in mice, loss of α-actinin-3 is not associated with higher baseline endurance-related phenotypes, or greater adaptations to endurance exercise training in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Papadimitriou
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - X Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Munson
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
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Oates EC, Jones KJ, Donkervoort S, Charlton A, Brammah S, Smith JE, Ware JS, Yau KS, Swanson LC, Whiffin N, Peduto AJ, Bournazos A, Waddell LB, Farrar MA, Sampaio HA, Teoh HL, Lamont PJ, Mowat D, Fitzsimons RB, Corbett AJ, Ryan MM, O'Grady GL, Sandaradura SA, Ghaoui R, Joshi H, Marshall JL, Nolan MA, Kaur S, Punetha J, Töpf A, Harris E, Bakshi M, Genetti CA, Marttila M, Werlauff U, Streichenberger N, Pestronk A, Mazanti I, Pinner JR, Vuillerot C, Grosmann C, Camacho A, Mohassel P, Leach ME, Foley AR, Bharucha-Goebel D, Collins J, Connolly AM, Gilbreath HR, Iannaccone ST, Castro D, Cummings BB, Webster RI, Lazaro L, Vissing J, Coppens S, Deconinck N, Luk HM, Thomas NH, Foulds NC, Illingworth MA, Ellard S, McLean CA, Phadke R, Ravenscroft G, Witting N, Hackman P, Richard I, Cooper ST, Kamsteeg EJ, Hoffman EP, Bushby K, Straub V, Udd B, Ferreiro A, North KN, Clarke NF, Lek M, Beggs AH, Bönnemann CG, MacArthur DG, Granzier H, Davis MR, Laing NG. Congenital Titinopathy: Comprehensive characterization and pathogenic insights. Ann Neurol 2019; 83:1105-1124. [PMID: 29691892 PMCID: PMC6105519 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comprehensive clinical characterization of congenital titinopathy to facilitate diagnosis and management of this important emerging disorder. METHODS Using massively parallel sequencing we identified 30 patients from 27 families with 2 pathogenic nonsense, frameshift and/or splice site TTN mutations in trans. We then undertook a detailed analysis of the clinical, histopathological and imaging features of these patients. RESULTS All patients had prenatal or early onset hypotonia and/or congenital contractures. None had ophthalmoplegia. Scoliosis and respiratory insufficiency typically developed early and progressed rapidly, whereas limb weakness was often slowly progressive, and usually did not prevent independent walking. Cardiac involvement was present in 46% of patients. Relatives of 2 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. Creatine kinase levels were normal to moderately elevated. Increased fiber size variation, internalized nuclei and cores were common histopathological abnormalities. Cap-like regions, whorled or ring fibers, and mitochondrial accumulations were also observed. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed gluteal, hamstring and calf muscle involvement. Western blot analysis showed a near-normal sized titin protein in all samples. The presence of 2 mutations predicted to impact both N2BA and N2B cardiac isoforms appeared to be associated with greatest risk of cardiac involvement. One-third of patients had 1 mutation predicted to impact exons present in fetal skeletal muscle, but not included within the mature skeletal muscle isoform transcript. This strongly suggests developmental isoforms are involved in the pathogenesis of this congenital/early onset disorder. INTERPRETATION This detailed clinical reference dataset will greatly facilitate diagnostic confirmation and management of patients, and has provided important insights into disease pathogenesis. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1105-1124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Oates
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amanda Charlton
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Histopathology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Brammah
- Electron Microscope Unit, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle S Yau
- Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lindsay C Swanson
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Peduto
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney Western Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle A Farrar
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugo A Sampaio
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hooi Ling Teoh
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa J Lamont
- Neurogenetic Unit, Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Mowat
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin B Fitzsimons
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alastair J Corbett
- Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gina L O'Grady
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Paediatric Neuroservices, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roula Ghaoui
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Melinda A Nolan
- Paediatric Neuroservices, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Madhura Bakshi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Minttu Marttila
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ulla Werlauff
- Danish National Rehabilitation Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Neuropathology Department, Hospices Civils Lyon, Claude Bernard University, Lyon1, France.,NeuroMyogene Institute, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Ingrid Mazanti
- Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jason R Pinner
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Woman-Mother-Child Hospital, Hospices Civils Lyon, Bron, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1, France
| | - Carla Grosmann
- University of California, San Diego/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Ana Camacho
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, October 12 University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Meganne E Leach
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana Bharucha-Goebel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Division of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | - Anne M Connolly
- Neuromuscular Division, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Heather R Gilbreath
- Department of Advanced Practice, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Susan T Iannaccone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Diana Castro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard I Webster
- T. Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leïla Lazaro
- Pediatric Service, Basque Coast Hospital Center, Bayonne, France
| | - John Vissing
- Neuromuscular Clinic and Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Coppens
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Center, Erasmus Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Center, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Center, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - Neil H Thomas
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola C Foulds
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marjorie A Illingworth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Ellard
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nanna Witting
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Unit and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Kate Bushby
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Vaasa Central Hospital, Department of Neurology, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, BFA, Paris Diderot University/CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris-East Reference Center Neuromuscular Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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29
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Stark Z, Boughtwood T, Phillips P, Christodoulou J, Hansen DP, Braithwaite J, Newson AJ, Gaff CL, Sinclair AH, North KN. Australian Genomics: A Federated Model for Integrating Genomics into Healthcare. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:7-14. [PMID: 31271757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Australian Genomics is a national collaborative research partnership of more than 80 organizations piloting a whole-of-system approach to integrating genomics into healthcare that is based on federation principles. The aim of Australian Genomics is to assess the application of genomic testing in healthcare at the translational interface between research and clinical delivery, with an emphasis on robust evaluation of outcomes. It encompasses two bodies of work: a research program prospectively providing genomic testing through exemplar clinical projects in rare diseases, cancers, and reproductive carrier screening and interdependent programs for advancing the diagnostic, health informatics, regulatory, ethical, policy, and workforce infrastructure necessary for the integration of genomics into the Australian health system.
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30
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Taylor N, Best S, Martyn M, Long JC, North KN, Braithwaite J, Gaff C. A transformative translational change programme to introduce genomics into healthcare: a complexity and implementation science study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024681. [PMID: 30842113 PMCID: PMC6429849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Translating scientific advances in genomic medicine into evidence-based clinical practice is challenging. Studying the natural translation of genomics into 'early-adopting' health system sectors is essential. We will (a) examine 29 health systems (Australian and Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance flagships) integrating genomics into practice and (b) combine this learning to co-design and test an evidence-based generalisable toolkit for translating genomics into healthcare. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Twenty-nine flagships integrating genomics into clinical settings are studied as complex adaptive systems to understand emergent and self-organising behaviours among inter-related actors and processes. The Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid approach is applied to gather information on the delivery and potential for real-world implementation. Stages '1' and '2a' (representing hybrid model 1) are the focus of this protocol. The Translation Science to Population Impact (TSci Impact) framework is used to study policy decisions and service provision, and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) is used to understand individual level behavioural change; both frameworks are applied across stages 1 and 2a. Stage 1 synthesises interview data from 32 participants involved in developing the genomics clinical practice systems and approaches across five 'demonstration-phase' (early adopter) flagships. In stage 2a, stakeholders are providing quantitative and qualitative data on process mapping, clinical audits, uptake and sustainability (TSci Impact), and psychosocial and environmental determinants of change (TDF). Findings will be synthesised before codesigning an intervention toolkit to facilitate implementation of genomic testing. Study methods to simultaneously test the comparative effectiveness of genomic testing and the implementation toolkit (stage 2b), and the refined implementation toolkit while simply observing the genomics intervention (stage 3) are summarised. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted. The results will be disseminated in academic forums and used to refine interventions to translate genomics evidence into healthcare. Non-traditional academic dissemination methods (eg, change in guidelines or government policy) will also be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Taylor
- Cancer Council New South Wales, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Best
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Martyn
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, UK
| | - Janet C Long
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clara Gaff
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, UK
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31
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Lewis AK, Porter MA, Williams TA, Bzishvili S, North KN, Payne JM. Attention to faces in social context in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:174-180. [PMID: 29873078 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine visual attention to faces within social scenes in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and typically developing peers. METHOD Using eye-tracking technology we investigated the time taken to fixate on a face and the percentage of time spent attending to faces relative to the rest of the screen within social scenes in 24 children with NF1 (17 females, seven males; mean age 10y 4mo [SD 1y 9mo]). Results were compared with those of 24 age-matched typically developing controls (11 females, 13 males; mean age 10y 3mo [SD 2y]). RESULTS There was no significant between-group differences in time taken to initially fixate on a face (p=0.617); however, children with NF1 spent less time attending to faces within scenes than controls (p=0.048). Decreased attention to faces was associated with elevated autism traits in children with NF1. INTERPRETATION Children with NF1 spend less time attending to faces than typically developing children when presented in social scenes. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that abnormal face processing is a key aspect of the social-cognitive phenotype of NF1 and appears to be related to autism spectrum disorder traits. Clinicians should consider the impact of reduced attention to faces when designing and implementing treatment programmes for social dysfunction in this population. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) demonstrated atypical gaze behaviour when attending to faces. NF1 gaze behaviour was characterized by normal initial fixation on faces but shorter face dwell time. Decreased attention to faces was associated with elevated autism traits in the sample with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie A Porter
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey A Williams
- Kids Rehab, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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32
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Stark Z, Dolman L, Manolio TA, Ozenberger B, Hill SL, Caulfied MJ, Levy Y, Glazer D, Wilson J, Lawler M, Boughtwood T, Braithwaite J, Goodhand P, Birney E, North KN. Integrating Genomics into Healthcare: A Global Responsibility. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:13-20. [PMID: 30609404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing is rapidly transitioning into clinical practice, and implementation into healthcare systems has been supported by substantial government investment, totaling over US$4 billion, in at least 14 countries. These national genomic-medicine initiatives are driving transformative change under real-life conditions while simultaneously addressing barriers to implementation and gathering evidence for wider adoption. We review the diversity of approaches and current progress made by national genomic-medicine initiatives in the UK, France, Australia, and US and provide a roadmap for sharing strategies, standards, and data internationally to accelerate implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lena Dolman
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Teri A Manolio
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2152, USA
| | - Brad Ozenberger
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2152, USA
| | - Sue L Hill
- National Health Service England, Skipton House, 80 London Road, London SE1 6LH, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfied
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Dawson Hall, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yves Levy
- INSERM (French National Institute for Health and Medical Research), 75654 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - David Glazer
- Verily Life Sciences, 269 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julia Wilson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Tiffany Boughtwood
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Peter Goodhand
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ewan Birney
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kathryn N North
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia; Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.
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33
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Houweling PJ, Papadimitriou ID, Seto JT, Pérez LM, Coso JD, North KN, Lucia A, Eynon N. Is evolutionary loss our gain? The role of
ACTN3
p.Arg577Ter (R577X) genotype in athletic performance, ageing, and disease. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1774-1787. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | | | - Jane T. Seto
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (Faculty of Sport Sciences) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory Camilo José Cela University Madrid Spain
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (Faculty of Sport Sciences) Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable Madrid Spain
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS) Victoria University Victoria Australia
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34
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Knight KW, Stephenson SE, West S, Delatycki MB, Jones CA, Little MH, Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Skinner SR, Telfer MM, Wake M, North KN, Oberklaid F. The kids are OK: it is discrimination not same-sex parents that harms children. Med J Aust 2018; 207:374-375. [PMID: 29092695 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken W Knight
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Sue West
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
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35
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Pride NA, Barton B, Hutchins P, Coghill DR, Korgaonkar MS, Hearps SJC, Rouel M, Malarbi S, North KN, Payne JM. Effects of methylphenidate on cognition and behaviour in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021800. [PMID: 30166301 PMCID: PMC6119452 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine dysregulation has been identified as a key modulator of behavioural impairment in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and a potential therapeutic target. Preclinical research demonstrates reduced dopamine in the brains of genetically engineered NF1 mouse strains is associated with reduced spatial-learning and attentional dysfunction. Methylphenidate, a stimulant medication that increases dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, rescued the behavioural and dopamine abnormalities. Although preliminary clinical trials have demonstrated that methylphenidate is effective in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with NF1, its therapeutic effect on cognitive performance is unclear. The primary aim of this clinical trial is to assess the efficacy of methylphenidate for reducing attention deficits, spatial working memory impairments and ADHD symptoms in children with NF1. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate with a two period crossover design. Thirty-six participants with NF1 aged 7-16 years will be randomised to one of two treatment sequences: 6 weeks of methylphenidate followed by 6 weeks of placebo or; 6 weeks of placebo followed by 6 weeks of methylphenidate. Neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes as well as neuroimaging measures will be completed at baseline and repeated at the end of each treatment condition (week 6, week 12). Primary outcome measures are omission errors on the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (attention), between-search errors on the Spatial Working Memory task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (spatial working memory) and the Inattentive and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptom Scales on the Conners 3-Parent. Secondary outcomes will examine the effect of methylphenidate on executive functions, attention, visuospatial skills, behaviour, fine-motor skills, language, social skills and quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has hospital ethics approval and the results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12611000765921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pride
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Universtiy of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Universtiy of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children's Hosptial Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Hutchins
- Children's Hosptial Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Coghill
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J C Hearps
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Malarbi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Arnold SS, Payne JM, Lorenzo J, North KN, Barton B. Preliteracy impairments in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:703-710. [PMID: 29667706 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the preliteracy abilities of young children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and to identify which of these abilities best predicted conventional literacy (spelling). METHOD Forty-two children with NF1 (23 males, 19 females; mean age [SD] 5y 6mo [6mo]) were compared with 32 unaffected children (15 males, 17 females; mean age [SD] 5y 4mo [6mo]). All children completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment including measures of phonological processing (phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid automatic naming) and letter-sound knowledge. RESULTS Children with NF1 performed significantly poorer than the comparison group across all cognitive and preliteracy domains, with specific weaknesses evident in phonological awareness (F1,68 =14.13, p<0.001, partial η2 =0.17), phonological memory (F1,68 =13.87, p<0.001, partial η2 =0.17), and letter-sound knowledge (F1,71 =5.65, p=0.020, partial η2 =0.07). Within the group with NF1 group, over a third of children demonstrated impairment in at least one phonological processing domain and the risk of phonological impairment was 5.60 times that of unaffected children. Children's letter-sound knowledge was the strongest predictor of conventional literacy (spelling). INTERPRETATION This study establishes that preliteracy deficits are present and detectable in young children with NF1. As a result of the high incidence of preliteracy impairment, we recommend screening phonological awareness and letter-sound knowledge to identify risk of future learning disorders. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Young children with neurofibromatosis type 1 are at elevated risk of preliteracy deficits. The most affected domains are phonological awareness and phonological memory. Letter-sound knowledge is the strongest predictor of conventional literacy (spelling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley S Arnold
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Garton FC, Houweling PJ, Vukcevic D, Meehan LR, Lee FXZ, Lek M, Roeszler KN, Hogarth MW, Tiong CF, Zannino D, Yang N, Leslie S, Gregorevic P, Head SI, Seto JT, North KN. The Effect of ACTN3 Gene Doping on Skeletal Muscle Performance. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:845-857. [PMID: 29706347 PMCID: PMC5986729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of expression of ACTN3, due to homozygosity of the common null polymorphism (p.Arg577X), is underrepresented in elite sprint/power athletes and has been associated with reduced muscle mass and strength in humans and mice. To investigate ACTN3 gene dosage in performance and whether expression could enhance muscle force, we performed meta-analysis and expression studies. Our general meta-analysis using a Bayesian random effects model in elite sprint/power athlete cohorts demonstrated a consistent homozygous-group effect across studies (per allele OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6) but substantial heterogeneity in heterozygotes. In mouse muscle, rAAV-mediated gene transfer overexpressed and rescued α-actinin-3 expression. Contrary to expectation, in vivo "doping" of ACTN3 at low to moderate doses demonstrated an absence of any change in function. At high doses, ACTN3 is toxic and detrimental to force generation, to demonstrate gene doping with supposedly performance-enhancing isoforms of sarcomeric proteins can be detrimental for muscle function. Restoration of α-actinin-3 did not enhance muscle mass but highlighted the primary role of α-actinin-3 in modulating muscle metabolism with altered fatiguability. This is the first study to express a Z-disk protein in healthy skeletal muscle and measure the in vivo effect. The sensitive balance of the sarcomeric proteins and muscle function has relevant implications in areas of gene doping in performance and therapy for neuromuscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur C Garton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Damjan Vukcevic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lyra R Meehan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona X Z Lee
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Monkol Lek
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kelly N Roeszler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marshall W Hogarth
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Chrystal F Tiong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Zannino
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Stephen Leslie
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jane T Seto
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Punetha J, Kesari A, Uapinyoying P, Giri M, Clarke NF, Waddell LB, North KN, Ghaoui R, O'Grady GL, Oates EC, Sandaradura SA, Bönnemann CG, Donkervoort S, Plotz PH, Smith EC, Tesi-Rocha C, Bertorini TE, Tarnopolsky MA, Reitter B, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Hoffman EP. Targeted Re-Sequencing Emulsion PCR Panel for Myopathies: Results in 94 Cases. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:209-225. [PMID: 27854218 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular diagnostics in the genetic myopathies often requires testing of the largest and most complex transcript units in the human genome (DMD, TTN, NEB). Iteratively targeting single genes for sequencing has traditionally entailed high costs and long turnaround times. Exome sequencing has begun to supplant single targeted genes, but there are concerns regarding coverage and needed depth of the very large and complex genes that frequently cause myopathies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficiency of next-generation sequencing technologies to provide molecular diagnostics for patients with previously undiagnosed myopathies. METHODS We tested a targeted re-sequencing approach, using a 45 gene emulsion PCR myopathy panel, with subsequent sequencing on the Illumina platform in 94 undiagnosed patients. We compared the targeted re-sequencing approach to exome sequencing for 10 of these patients studied. RESULTS We detected likely pathogenic mutations in 33 out of 94 patients with a molecular diagnostic rate of approximately 35%. The remaining patients showed variants of unknown significance (35/94 patients) or no mutations detected in the 45 genes tested (26/94 patients). Mutation detection rates for targeted re-sequencing vs. whole exome were similar in both methods; however exome sequencing showed better distribution of reads and fewer exon dropouts. CONCLUSIONS Given that costs of highly parallel re-sequencing and whole exome sequencing are similar, and that exome sequencing now takes considerably less laboratory processing time than targeted re-sequencing, we recommend exome sequencing as the standard approach for molecular diagnostics of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Akanchha Kesari
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Prech Uapinyoying
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roula Ghaoui
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gina L O'Grady
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily C Oates
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- INMR, The Children's Hospital at Westmead & Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul H Plotz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward C Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolina Tesi-Rocha
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tulio E Bertorini
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Neuromuscular Disease Clinic, Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada
| | - Bernd Reitter
- Children's Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Kiriaev L, Kueh S, Morley JW, North KN, Houweling PJ, Head SI. Branched fibers from old fast-twitch dystrophic muscles are the sites of terminal damage in muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 314:C662-C674. [PMID: 29412689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00161.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A striking pathological feature of dystrophinopathies is the presence of morphologically abnormal branched skeletal muscle fibers. The deterioration of muscle contractile function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is accompanied by both an increase in number and complexity of these branched fibers. We propose that when number and complexity of branched fibers reaches a critical threshold, or "tipping point," the branches in and of themselves are the site of contraction-induced rupture. In the present study, we use the dystrophic mdx mouse and littermate controls to study the prediseased dystrophic fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle at 2-3 wk, the peak myonecrotic phase at 6-9 wk, and finally, "old," at 58-112 wk. Using a combination of isolated muscle function contractile measurements coupled with single-fiber imaging and confocal microscope imaging of cleared whole muscles, we identified a distinct pathophysiology, acute fiber rupture at branch nodes, which occurs in "old" fast-twitch EDL muscle approaching the end stage of the dystrophinopathy muscle disease, where the EDL muscles are entirely composed of complexed branched fibers. This evidence supports our concept of "tipping point" where the number and extent of fiber branching reach a level where the branching itself terminally compromises muscle function, irrespective of the absence of dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sidney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Sindy Kueh
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sidney, New South Wales , Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales , Australia
| | - John W Morley
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sidney, New South Wales , Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales , Australia
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Sandaradura SA, Bournazos A, Mallawaarachchi A, Cummings BB, Waddell LB, Jones KJ, Troedson C, Sudarsanam A, Nash BM, Peters GB, Algar EM, MacArthur DG, North KN, Brammah S, Charlton A, Laing NG, Wilson MJ, Davis MR, Cooper ST. Nemaline myopathy and distal arthrogryposis associated with an autosomal recessive TNNT3 splice variant. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:383-388. [PMID: 29266598 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A male neonate presented with severe weakness, hypotonia, contractures and congenital scoliosis. Skeletal muscle specimens showed marked atrophy and degeneration of fast fibers with striking nemaline rods and hypertrophy of slow fibers that were ultrastructurally normal. A neuromuscular gene panel identified a homozygous essential splice variant in TNNT3 (chr11:1956150G > A, NM_006757.3:c.681+1G > A). TNNT3 encodes skeletal troponin-Tfast and is associated with autosomal dominant distal arthrogryposis. TNNT3 has not previously been associated with nemaline myopathy (NM), a rare congenital myopathy linked to defects in proteins associated with thin filament structure and regulation. cDNA studies confirmed pathogenic consequences of the splice variant, eliciting exon-skipping and intron retention events leading to a frameshift. Western blot showed deficiency of troponin-Tfast protein with secondary loss of troponin-Ifast . We establish a homozygous splice variant in TNNT3 as the likely cause of severe congenital NM with distal arthrogryposis, characterized by specific involvement of Type-2 fibers and deficiency of troponin-Tfast .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sandaradura
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amali Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annapurna Sudarsanam
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Nash
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory B Peters
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Algar
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Brammah
- Electron Microscope Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Charlton
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Meredith J Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Papadimitriou ID, Lockey SJ, Voisin S, Herbert AJ, Garton F, Houweling PJ, Cieszczyk P, Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Sawczuk M, Massidda M, Calò CM, Astratenkova IV, Kouvatsi A, Druzhevskaya AM, Jacques M, Ahmetov II, Stebbings GK, Heffernan S, Day SH, Erskine R, Pedlar C, Kipps C, North KN, Williams AG, Eynon N. No association between ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms and endurance running times in 698 Caucasian athletes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:13. [PMID: 29298672 PMCID: PMC5753575 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating associations between ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D genotypes and endurance athletic status have been limited by small sample sizes from mixed sport disciplines and lack quantitative measures of performance. AIM To examine the association between ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D genotypes and best personal running times in a large homogeneous cohort of endurance runners. METHODS We collected a total of 1064 personal best 1500, 3000, 5000 m and marathon running times of 698 male and female Caucasian endurance athletes from six countries (Australia, Greece, Italy, Poland, Russia and UK). Athletes were genotyped for ACTN3 R577X and ACE ID variants. RESULTS There was no association between ACTN3 R577X or ACE I/D genotype and running performance at any distance in men or women. Mean (SD) marathon times (in s) were for men: ACTN3 RR 9149 (593), RX 9221 (582), XX 9129 (582) p = 0.94; ACE DD 9182 (665), ID 9214 (549), II 9155 (492) p = 0.85; for women: ACTN3 RR 10796 (818), RX 10667 (695), XX 10675 (553) p = 0.36; ACE DD 10604 (561), ID 10766 (740), II 10771 (708) p = 0.21. Furthermore, there were no associations between these variants and running time for any distance in a sub-analysis of athletes with personal records within 20% of world records. CONCLUSIONS Thus, consistent with most case-control studies, this multi-cohort quantitative analysis demonstrates it is unlikely that ACTN3 XX genotype provides an advantage in competitive endurance running performance. For ACE II genotype, some prior studies show an association but others do not. Our data indicate it is also unlikely that ACE II genotype provides an advantage in endurance running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D Papadimitriou
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Lockey
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK
| | - Fleur Garton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Pawel Cieszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Marek Sawczuk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Calò
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irina V Astratenkova
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kouvatsi
- Department of Genetics Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasiya M Druzhevskaya
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Shane Heffernan
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK
| | - Stephen H Day
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK
| | - Robert Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Pedlar
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University College, Twickenham, UK
| | - Courtney Kipps
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alun G Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Willems SM, Wright DJ, Day FR, Trajanoska K, Joshi PK, Morris JA, Matteini AM, Garton FC, Grarup N, Oskolkov N, Thalamuthu A, Mangino M, Liu J, Demirkan A, Lek M, Xu L, Wang G, Oldmeadow C, Gaulton KJ, Lotta LA, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Rivas MA, White T, Loh PR, Aadahl M, Amin N, Attia JR, Austin K, Benyamin B, Brage S, Cheng YC, Cięszczyk P, Derave W, Eriksson KF, Eynon N, Linneberg A, Lucia A, Massidda M, Mitchell BD, Miyachi M, Murakami H, Padmanabhan S, Pandey A, Papadimitriou I, Rajpal DK, Sale C, Schnurr TM, Sessa F, Shrine N, Tobin MD, Varley I, Wain LV, Wray NR, Lindgren CM, MacArthur DG, Waterworth DM, McCarthy MI, Pedersen O, Khaw KT, Kiel DP, Pitsiladis Y, Fuku N, Franks PW, North KN, van Duijn CM, Mather KA, Hansen T, Hansson O, Spector T, Murabito JM, Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Wareham NJ, Scott RA. Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing biological insights into muscular fitness. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16015. [PMID: 29313844 PMCID: PMC5510175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined sample of 195,180 individuals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength (P<5 × 10-8) in combined analyses. A number of these loci contain genes implicated in structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres (ACTG1), neuronal maintenance and signal transduction (PEX14, TGFA, SYT1), or monogenic syndromes with involvement of psychomotor impairment (PEX14, LRPPRC and KANSL1). Mendelian randomization analyses are consistent with a causal effect of higher genetically predicted grip strength on lower fracture risk. In conclusion, our findings provide new biological insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of grip strength and the causal role of muscular strength in age-related morbidities and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wright
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - John A. Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Fleur C. Garton
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | | | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tom White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Krista Austin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ‘i+12’, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Deepak K. Rajpal
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia FG, Italy
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dawn M. Waterworth
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Biobank Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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43
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Cummings BB, Marshall JL, Tukiainen T, Lek M, Donkervoort S, Foley AR, Bolduc V, Waddell LB, Sandaradura SA, O'Grady GL, Estrella E, Reddy HM, Zhao F, Weisburd B, Karczewski KJ, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Birnbaum D, Sarkozy A, Hu Y, Gonorazky H, Claeys K, Joshi H, Bournazos A, Oates EC, Ghaoui R, Davis MR, Laing NG, Topf A, Kang PB, Beggs AH, North KN, Straub V, Dowling JJ, Muntoni F, Clarke NF, Cooper ST, Bönnemann CG, MacArthur DG. Improving genetic diagnosis in Mendelian disease with transcriptome sequencing. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/386/eaal5209. [PMID: 28424332 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exome and whole-genome sequencing are becoming increasingly routine approaches in Mendelian disease diagnosis. Despite their success, the current diagnostic rate for genomic analyses across a variety of rare diseases is approximately 25 to 50%. We explore the utility of transcriptome sequencing [RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)] as a complementary diagnostic tool in a cohort of 50 patients with genetically undiagnosed rare muscle disorders. We describe an integrated approach to analyze patient muscle RNA-seq, leveraging an analysis framework focused on the detection of transcript-level changes that are unique to the patient compared to more than 180 control skeletal muscle samples. We demonstrate the power of RNA-seq to validate candidate splice-disrupting mutations and to identify splice-altering variants in both exonic and deep intronic regions, yielding an overall diagnosis rate of 35%. We also report the discovery of a highly recurrent de novo intronic mutation in COL6A1 that results in a dominantly acting splice-gain event, disrupting the critical glycine repeat motif of the triple helical domain. We identify this pathogenic variant in a total of 27 genetically unsolved patients in an external collagen VI-like dystrophy cohort, thus explaining approximately 25% of patients clinically suggestive of having collagen VI dystrophy in whom prior genetic analysis is negative. Overall, this study represents a large systematic application of transcriptome sequencing to rare disease diagnosis and highlights its utility for the detection and interpretation of variants missed by current standard diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl B Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronique Bolduc
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Gina L O'Grady
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Elicia Estrella
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hemakumar M Reddy
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Fengmei Zhao
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anne H O'Donnell-Luria
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hernan Gonorazky
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kristl Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Emily C Oates
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Roula Ghaoui
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ana Topf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC (Medical Research Council) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, U.K
| | | | - Peter B Kang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC (Medical Research Council) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, U.K
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. .,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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44
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Lewis AK, Porter MA, Williams TA, Bzishvili S, North KN, Payne JM. Facial emotion recognition, face scan paths, and face perception in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:361-370. [PMID: 28318281 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate face scan paths and face perception abilities in children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and how these might relate to emotion recognition abilities in this population. METHOD The authors investigated facial emotion recognition, face scan paths, and face perception in 29 children with NF1 compared to 29 chronological age-matched typically developing controls. Correlations between facial emotion recognition, face scan paths, and face perception in children with NF1 were examined. RESULTS Children with NF1 displayed significantly poorer recognition of fearful expressions compared to controls, as well as a nonsignificant trend toward poorer recognition of anger. Although there was no significant difference between groups in time spent viewing individual core facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, and nonfeature regions), children with NF1 spent significantly less time than controls viewing the face as a whole. Children with NF1 also displayed significantly poorer face perception abilities than typically developing controls. Facial emotion recognition deficits were not significantly associated with aberrant face scan paths or face perception abilities in the NF1 group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that impairments in the perception, identification, and interpretation of information from faces are important aspects of the social-cognitive phenotype of NF1. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey A Williams
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University
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45
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Schofield D, Alam K, Douglas L, Shrestha R, MacArthur DG, Davis M, Laing NG, Clarke NF, Burns J, Cooper ST, North KN, Sandaradura SA, O'Grady GL. Cost-effectiveness of massively parallel sequencing for diagnosis of paediatric muscle diseases. NPJ Genom Med 2017; 2. [PMID: 29152331 PMCID: PMC5677979 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset muscle disorders are genetically heterogeneous. Diagnostic workup has traditionally included muscle biopsy, protein-based studies of muscle specimens, and candidate gene sequencing. High throughput or massively parallel sequencing is transforming the approach to diagnosis of rare diseases; however, evidence for cost-effectiveness is lacking. Patients presenting with suspected congenital muscular dystrophy or nemaline myopathy were ascertained over a 15-year period. Patients were investigated using traditional diagnostic approaches. Undiagnosed patients were investigated using either massively parallel sequencing of a panel of neuromuscular disease genes panel, or whole exome sequencing. Cost data were collected for all diagnostic investigations. The diagnostic yield and cost effectiveness of a molecular approach to diagnosis, prior to muscle biopsy, were compared with the traditional approach. Fifty-six patients were analysed. Compared with the traditional invasive muscle biopsy approach, both the neuromuscular disease panel and whole exome sequencing had significantly increased diagnostic yields (from 46 to 75% for the neuromuscular disease panel, and 79% for whole exome sequencing), and reduced the cost per diagnosis from USD$16,495 (95% CI: $12,413–$22,994) to USD$3706 (95% CI: $3086–$4453) for the neuromuscular disease panel and USD$5646 (95% CI: $4501–$7078) for whole exome sequencing. The neuromuscular disease panel was the most cost-effective, saving USD$17,075 (95% CI: $10,654–$30,064) per additional diagnosis, over the traditional diagnostic pathway. Whole exome sequencing saved USD$10,024 (95% CI: $5795–$17,135) per additional diagnosis. This study demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of investigation using massively parallel sequencing technologies in paediatric muscle disease. The findings emphasise the value of implementing these technologies in clinical practice, with particular application for diagnosis of Mendelian diseases, and provide evidence crucial for government subsidy and equitable access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Schofield
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Khurshid Alam
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndal Douglas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gina L O'Grady
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Paediatric Neuroservices, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hogarth MW, Houweling PJ, Thomas KC, Gordish-Dressman H, Bello L, Pegoraro E, Hoffman EP, Head SI, North KN. Evidence for ACTN3 as a genetic modifier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14143. [PMID: 28139640 PMCID: PMC5290331 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by muscle degeneration and progressive weakness. There is considerable inter-patient variability in disease onset and progression, which can confound the results of clinical trials. Here we show that a common null polymorphism (R577X) in ACTN3 results in significantly reduced muscle strength and a longer 10 m walk test time in young, ambulant patients with DMD; both of which are primary outcome measures in clinical trials. We have developed a double knockout mouse model, which also shows reduced muscle strength, but is protected from stretch-induced eccentric damage with age. This suggests that α-actinin-3 deficiency reduces muscle performance at baseline, but ameliorates the progression of dystrophic pathology. Mechanistically, we show that α-actinin-3 deficiency triggers an increase in oxidative muscle metabolism through activation of calcineurin, which likely confers the protective effect. Our studies suggest that ACTN3 R577X genotype is a modifier of clinical phenotype in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall W Hogarth
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristen C Thomas
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Research Centre for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Centre, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Luca Bello
- Research Centre for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Centre, Washington DC 20010, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Centre for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Centre, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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47
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Payne JM, Barton B, Ullrich NJ, Cantor A, Hearps SJC, Cutter G, Rosser T, Walsh KS, Gioia GA, Wolters PL, Tonsgard J, Schorry E, Viskochil D, Klesse L, Fisher M, Gutmann DH, Silva AJ, Hunter SJ, Rey-Casserly C, Cantor NL, Byars AW, Stavinoha PL, Ackerson JD, Armstrong CL, Isenberg J, O'Neil SH, Packer RJ, Korf B, Acosta MT, North KN. Randomized placebo-controlled study of lovastatin in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neurology 2016; 87:2575-2584. [PMID: 27956565 PMCID: PMC5207004 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of lovastatin on visuospatial learning and attention for treating cognitive and behavioral deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). METHODS A multicenter, international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between July 2009 and May 2014 as part of the NF Clinical Trials Consortium. Children with NF1 aged 8-15 years were screened for visuospatial learning or attention deficits (n = 272); 146 children demonstrated deficits at baseline and were randomly assigned to lovastatin (n = 74; 40 mg/d) or placebo (n = 70). Treatment was administered once daily for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were total errors on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Paired Associate Learning task (visuospatial learning) and the Score subtest from the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (sustained attention). Secondary outcomes measured executive function, attention, visuospatial skills, behavior, and quality of life. Primary analyses were performed on the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Lovastatin had no significant effect on primary outcomes after 16 weeks of treatment: visuospatial learning (Cohen d = -0.15, 95% confidence interval -0.47 to 0.18) or sustained attention (Cohen d = 0.19, 95% confidence interval -0.14 to 0.53). Lovastatin was well tolerated, with no increase in reported adverse events compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Lovastatin administered once daily for 16 weeks did not improve visuospatial learning or attention in children with NF1 and is not recommended for amelioration of cognitive deficits in this population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00853580) and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12607000560493). CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that for children with NF1, lovastatin does not improve visuospatial learning or attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Payne
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Belinda Barton
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Alan Cantor
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Stephen J C Hearps
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Gary Cutter
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Tena Rosser
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Karin S Walsh
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Gerard A Gioia
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - James Tonsgard
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Elizabeth Schorry
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - David Viskochil
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Laura Klesse
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Michael Fisher
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - David H Gutmann
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Alcino J Silva
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Scott J Hunter
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Celiane Rey-Casserly
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Nancy L Cantor
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Anna W Byars
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Peter L Stavinoha
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Joseph D Ackerson
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Carol L Armstrong
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Jill Isenberg
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Sharon H O'Neil
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Roger J Packer
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Bruce Korf
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Maria T Acosta
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston
| | - Kathryn N North
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
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Morris SM, Acosta MT, Garg S, Green J, Huson S, Legius E, North KN, Payne JM, Plasschaert E, Frazier TW, Weiss LA, Zhang Y, Gutmann DH, Constantino JN. Disease Burden and Symptom Structure of Autism in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Study of the International NF1-ASD Consortium Team (INFACT). JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:1276-1284. [PMID: 27760236 PMCID: PMC5298203 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recent reports have demonstrated a higher incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and substantially elevated autistic trait burden in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). However, important discrepancies regarding the distribution of autistic traits, sex predominance, and association between ASD symptoms and attentional problems have emerged, and critical features of the ASD phenotype within NF1 have never been adequately explored. Establishing NF1 as a monogenic cause for ASD has important implications for affected patients and for future research focused on establishing convergent pathogenic mechanisms relevant to the potential treatment targets for ASD. OBJECTIVE To characterize the quantitative autistic trait (QAT) burden in a pooled NF1 data set. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Anonymized, individual-level primary data were accumulated from 6 tertiary referral centers in the United States, Belgium, United Kingdom, and Australia. A total of 531 individuals recruited from NF1 clinical centers were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Distribution of ASD traits (Social Responsiveness Scale, second edition [SRS-2], with T scores of ≥75 associated with a categorical ASD diagnosis); attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits (4 versions of Conners Rating Scale, with T scores of ≥65 indicating clinically significant ADHD symptoms); ASD symptom structure, latent structure, base rate derived from mixture modeling; and familiality. RESULTS Of the 531 patients included in the analysis, 247 were male (46.5%); median age was 11 years (range, 2.5-83.9 years). QAT scores were continuously distributed and pathologically shifted; 13.2% (95% CI, 10.3%-16.1%) of individuals scored within the most severe range (ie, above the first percentile of the general population distribution) in which the male to female ratio was markedly attenuated (1.6:1) relative to idiopathic ASD. Autistic symptoms in this NF1 cohort demonstrated a robust unitary factor structure, with the first principal component explaining 30.9% of the variance in SRS-2 scores, and a strong association with ADHD symptoms (r = 0.61). Within-family correlation for QAT burden (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.73 in NF1-affected first-degree relatives) exceeded that observed in the general population and ASD family samples. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides confirmation that the diversity of mutations that give rise to NF1 function as quantitative trait loci for ASD. Moreover, the within-family correlation implicates a high degree of mutational specificity for this associated phenotype. Clinicians should be alerted to the increased frequency of this disabling comorbidity, and the scientific community should be aware of the potential for this monogenic disorder to help elucidate the biological features of idiopathic autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Maria T. Acosta
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine at Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Shruti Garg
- Institute of Brain Behavior and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England4Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, England5Central Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
| | - Jonathan Green
- Institute of Brain Behavior and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England4Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, England5Central Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
| | - Susan Huson
- Central Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Neurofibromatosis Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia8Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Payne
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia8Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ellen Plasschaert
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Neurofibromatosis Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas W. Frazier
- Center for Pediatric Behavioral Health, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lauren A. Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David H. Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John N. Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri12Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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49
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O'Grady GL, Best HA, Sztal TE, Schartner V, Sanjuan-Vazquez M, Donkervoort S, Abath Neto O, Sutton RB, Ilkovski B, Romero NB, Stojkovic T, Dastgir J, Waddell LB, Boland A, Hu Y, Williams C, Ruparelia AA, Maisonobe T, Peduto AJ, Reddel SW, Lek M, Tukiainen T, Cummings BB, Joshi H, Nectoux J, Brammah S, Deleuze JF, Ing VO, Ramm G, Ardicli D, Nowak KJ, Talim B, Topaloglu H, Laing NG, North KN, MacArthur DG, Friant S, Clarke NF, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Bönnemann CG, Laporte J, Cooper ST. Variants in the Oxidoreductase PYROXD1 Cause Early-Onset Myopathy with Internalized Nuclei and Myofibrillar Disorganization. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1086-1105. [PMID: 27745833 PMCID: PMC5097943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study establishes PYROXD1 variants as a cause of early-onset myopathy and uses biospecimens and cell lines, yeast, and zebrafish models to elucidate the fundamental role of PYROXD1 in skeletal muscle. Exome sequencing identified recessive variants in PYROXD1 in nine probands from five families. Affected individuals presented in infancy or childhood with slowly progressive proximal and distal weakness, facial weakness, nasal speech, swallowing difficulties, and normal to moderately elevated creatine kinase. Distinctive histopathology showed abundant internalized nuclei, myofibrillar disorganization, desmin-positive inclusions, and thickened Z-bands. PYROXD1 is a nuclear-cytoplasmic pyridine nucleotide-disulphide reductase (PNDR). PNDRs are flavoproteins (FAD-binding) and catalyze pyridine-nucleotide-dependent (NAD/NADH) reduction of thiol residues in other proteins. Complementation experiments in yeast lacking glutathione reductase glr1 show that human PYROXD1 has reductase activity that is strongly impaired by the disease-associated missense mutations. Immunolocalization studies in human muscle and zebrafish myofibers demonstrate that PYROXD1 localizes to the nucleus and to striated sarcomeric compartments. Zebrafish with ryroxD1 knock-down recapitulate features of PYROXD1 myopathy with sarcomeric disorganization, myofibrillar aggregates, and marked swimming defect. We characterize variants in the oxidoreductase PYROXD1 as a cause of early-onset myopathy with distinctive histopathology and introduce altered redox regulation as a primary cause of congenital muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L O'Grady
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Paediatric Neurology Service, Starship Children's Health, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Heather A Best
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tamar E Sztal
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vanessa Schartner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Myriam Sanjuan-Vazquez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Neurogenetics Branch, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1477, USA
| | - Osorio Abath Neto
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Roger Bryan Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Biljana Ilkovski
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Norma Beatriz Romero
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 7503 Paris, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 7503 Paris, France
| | - Jahannaz Dastgir
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Neurogenetics Branch, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1477, USA
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, CP5721, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Ying Hu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Neurogenetics Branch, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1477, USA
| | - Caitlin Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Avnika A Ruparelia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Thierry Maisonobe
- Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GHU La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 7503 Paris, France
| | - Anthony J Peduto
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 1024, Australia
| | - Stephen W Reddel
- Department of Neurology, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Juliette Nectoux
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, HUPC Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Susan Brammah
- Electron Microscope Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, CP5721, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Viola Oorschot Ing
- The Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Centre for Structural Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- The Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Centre for Structural Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Didem Ardicli
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia & the Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Beril Talim
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia & the Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sylvie Friant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Neurogenetics Branch, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1477, USA
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Illkirch, France
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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50
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O'Grady GL, Verschuuren C, Yuen M, Webster R, Menezes M, Fock JM, Pride N, Best HA, Benavides Damm T, Turner C, Lek M, Engel AG, North KN, Clarke NF, MacArthur DG, Kamsteeg EJ, Cooper ST. Variants in SLC18A3, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, cause congenital myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 2016; 87:1442-1448. [PMID: 27590285 PMCID: PMC5075972 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome secondary to biallelic variants in SLC18A3. METHODS Individuals from 2 families were identified with biallelic variants in SLC18A3, the gene encoding the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), through whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS The patients demonstrated features seen in presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome, including ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, fatigable weakness, apneic crises, and deterioration of symptoms in cold water for patient 1. Both patients demonstrated moderate clinical improvement on pyridostigmine. Patient 1 had a broader phenotype, including learning difficulties and left ventricular dysfunction. Electrophysiologic studies were typical for a presynaptic defect. Both patients showed profound electrodecrement on low-frequency repetitive stimulation followed by a prolonged period of postactivation exhaustion. In patient 1, this was unmasked only after isometric contraction, a recognized feature of presynaptic disease, emphasizing the importance of activation procedures. CONCLUSIONS VAChT is responsible for uptake of acetylcholine into presynaptic vesicles. The clinical and electrographic characteristics of the patients described are consistent with previously reported mouse models of VAChT deficiency. These findings make it very likely that defects in VAChT due to variants in SLC18A3 are a cause of congenital myasthenic syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L O'Grady
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Corien Verschuuren
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michaela Yuen
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Webster
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Manoj Menezes
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Fock
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Pride
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heather A Best
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Benavides Damm
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Turner
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monkol Lek
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Engel
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn N North
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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