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Amaya A, Medina I, Mazzilli S, D'Arcy J, Cocco N, Van Hout MC, Stöver H, Moazen B. Oral health services in prison settings: A global scoping review of availability, accessibility, and model of delivery. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37566403 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed at evaluating the state of availability, accessibility and model of delivery of oral health services in prisons, globally. Five databases of peer-reviewed literature and potential sources of grey literature were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria encompassed oral health papers related to prisons globally, with exclusion of certain article types. Selection involved independent evaluations by two researchers, followed by quality assessment. Data on the availability of oral health interventions in prisons came from 18 countries, while information on the model of delivery of the services is scarce. In addition, two sets of individual and organizational barriers toward oral health service uptake in prisons were revealed and discussed in the text. Lack of oral health services in prisons affects people living in prisons and jeopardizes their reintegration. Urgent and concrete international actions are required to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of oral health services among people living in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Amaya
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Medina
- School of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Corporación Universitaria de Asturias, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Cocco
- Infectious Diseases Service, Penitentiary Health System, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Heino Stöver
- Department of Health and Social Work, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Babak Moazen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Health and Social Work, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Incarceration exposure and women's oral health experiences during pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115467. [PMID: 36288649 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior research has documented an association between incarceration and poor oral health outcomes. Likewise, recent scholarship has also detailed that women exposed to incarceration either directly or vicariously through a partner during pregnancy incur worse health outcomes. However, no previous research has assessed the connection between incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The current study assesses the link between maternal incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy. METHODS Data are from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from years 2016-2019 (N = 60,342). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between incarceration and oral health. RESULTS Women exposed to incarceration exhibited worse oral health outcomes in the form of being more likely to report not knowing the importance of oral care, not having an oral health discussion with a provider, not getting a teeth cleaning, as well as being likely to report needing to see a dental provider, having visited a dental provider for a problem during pregnancy, and having more unmet dental care needs. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to a burgeoning literature that demonstrates a woman's prenatal exposure to incarceration poses risk for overall health and wellbeing. Given the influence of both incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy for maternal and infant health, the findings suggest that coordination between criminal justice, public health, and oral health experts can develop programmatic efforts that expand access to oral health care and improve oral health literacy among incarceration-exposed pregnant women.
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Kumar P, Kumar P, Tiwari A, Patel M, Gadkari SN, Sao D, Paiwal K. A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Effects of Imprisonment Period on the Oral Health Status of Inmates in Ghaziabad, Delhi National Capital Region, India. Cureus 2022; 14:e27511. [PMID: 36060357 PMCID: PMC9424793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Incarcerated individuals usually exhibit high oral health needs than the average population. Several factors contribute to these needs both before incarceration and during the sentence itself. Inmates are a marginalized group, who are at a higher risk for a variety of medical, dental, and emotional disorders than the general population. The aim of the study was to assess of effects of the imprisonment period on the oral health status of inmates. Material and Methods: A total of 532 inmates with imprisonment up to three years, three to six years, and six to ten years were included in the study. Incidence and prevalence of dental caries, decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and periodontal and prosthetic status were evaluated in detail. Results: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was relatively high among the convicts. It was found that 98.2% of the inmates had one or more teeth decayed. Additionally, 31.2% (pocket >4mm) of the inmates had poor periodontal status with 4.5% of the subjects having a loss of attachment score of 4-5mm or more. A total of 3.5% of the inmates had full dentures, either upper or lower arch. The relative need for full prosthesis was projected to be around 1.4% of the studied population. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the authors found that dental healthcare delivered and received by the inmates is much below the acceptable limit. Additionally, the incidence of dental caries in inmates was unexpectedly higher with tooth decay in 98.2% of subjects. Hence, the need of the hour is to critically incorporate and reinforce our efforts with a special focus on the risk factors of oral health.
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Wickramasinghe D, Gray R, Plugge E. Dental education and prison health: A scoping review. J Dent Educ 2022; 86:1292-1303. [PMID: 35613923 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a huge oral disease burden among imprisoned people. Comprehensive guidelines are available on prison dentistry. Prison dental education is important to increase the quality and quantity of the dental workforce in prisons. It improves student perceptions about imprisoned people and gives students a sense of social responsibility and accountability. OBJECTIVES The aim of the scoping review was to determine what is known in the literature about teaching pre-doctoral dental students about prison health. METHODS A literature search was conducted on seven databases accessed through the Public Health England knowledge and library services. These databases were AMED, Embase, Emcare, Medline, Social Care Institute for Excellence, Web of Science, and Social Care Online. Appraisal of quality was done for included studies. RESULTS Eleven papers were included in the review, all of which are based in the USA. Two articles looked at dental students as one group engaged in prison health education while five considered imprisoned people as one of the vulnerable populations focused on dental education. Only four articles solely looked at prison dental education. Program design with a collaborative approach between prisons and teaching institutions, and the positive impact of prison health education on dental students emerged as important. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests prison dental education to be important in reducing the high burden of oral diseases among the incarcerated by influencing the present and future prison dental workforce. It also improves students' understanding of social determinants of health. Further studies are needed to determine the most effective teaching methods and models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Gray
- Prison Dentistry, SEHSCT, Dundonald, UK.,Quality Improvement, SEHSCT, Dundonald, UK
| | - Emma Plugge
- Public Health, Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Vulnerable People and Inclusion Health Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
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Harris JA, Simon L. Which factors are associated with the number of dental providers employed in correctional settings? J Public Health Dent 2022; 82:118-122. [PMID: 35014043 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals experiencing incarceration are at increased risk of poor oral health. The purpose of this study was to identify state-level factors that influence the number of oral healthcare providers employed in US correctional settings. METHODS This ecological study utilized the National Survey of Prison Health Care (NSPHC) to identify the total number of dentists employed in US correctional facilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a linear regression was used to identify predictors of the total number of dentists employed in correctional settings by state. RESULTS The mean number of dentists and dental hygienists/assistants per 10,000 individuals experiencing incarceration was 9.33 ± 4.54 and 11.53 ± 7.02, respectively. The only significant contributor to dental employment was healthcare spending per individual experiencing incarceration (Coefficient = 0.96; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS These findings illustrate the need to develop novel methods of encouraging oral healthcare providers to join the correctional healthcare workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Harris
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Simon
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School Center for Primary Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Evensen KB, Bull VH, Ness L. A health promotion intervention to improve oral health of prisoners: results from a pilot study. Int J Prison Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8753622 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-11-2020-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prisoners have poorer oral health than the general population. Good oral health is essential for both social and physical well-being. For prisoners, poor oral health is also related to drug use after release, whereas good oral health is related to successful reintegration into society. The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine the effect of an intervention based on motivational interviewing (MI) on prisoners’ oral health-related behavior and to assess if the intervention is a good fit for this population. Design/methodology/approach In total, 16 prisoners in a Norwegian prison were offered a brief MI-based intervention focusing on changing their oral health-related behavior. An oral examination was also performed and the prisoners received a small package containing oral hygiene aids. Two weeks later, a second oral examination and a semi-structured interview were conducted to explore the effect of the intervention and examine the prisoners’ responses to the intervention. Qualitative data analyzes were guided by thematic analysis. Findings The findings indicate that the intervention had positive effects on both the prisoners’ motivation to use oral health-related behavior and their performance of oral health-related behavior. The findings also indicate that the intervention was well adapted to the target population. Originality/value This is one of the first studies that explore the effect of an intervention in improving prisoners’ oral health and bridges a knowledge gap in the literature. The findings may increase the understanding of how dental services should be organized and offered to provide dental health care to this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Ness
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise-Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
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Dental Care in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010013. [PMID: 33669898 PMCID: PMC8006040 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the dynamic relationship between oral and general health, dental care must not be neglected even during a public health emergency. Nevertheless, the fear of contracting the infection appears to have caused instances of dental treatment avoidance. In these times of uncertainty, regulatory and public health organizations have made numerous and sometimes controversial recommendations to practitioners and to the public about how to secure their oral health care needs. Dentists, as advocates of oral health, should actively maintain their practices while considering local epidemiological reports and recommendations regarding prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Providing appropriate safety measures, accurate triage and prioritization of patients, notice to susceptible communities, remote health care delivery when appropriate, and epidemiological reports of COVID-19 (whenever possible) are all critical considerations for dental practitioners.
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Sharma A, Parkar S, Gaur A, Bagri B. Impact of incarceration on nutritional status and oral health among male inmates of central jail of Jaipur city, India. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE SANIDAD PENITENCIARIA 2020; 22:96-103. [PMID: 33300940 PMCID: PMC7754537 DOI: 10.18176/resp.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Prison is an especially difficult environment for promoting oral health and leads to the exacerbation of unhealthy behaviors. This study set out to assess the impact of incarceration on nutritional status and oral health among the male prison inmates of Central Jail of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 male inmates. Dental caries and periodontal status were assessed by using modified the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LOA) index as per the WHO methodology 1997. Nutritional status was assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight (kg)/height (m2). RESULTS Out of 181 inmates, 141 (77.90%) had normal BMI. The majority (n=128, 70.70%) of inmates were incarcerated for less than 6 years. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found between age and periodontal status. A significant difference was observed (P<0.05) in the CPI score 3 and LOA 0 and 1 score. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in DMFT and period of incarceration. Age was the significant (P<0.001) risk factor for CPI and LOA. DISCUSSION Dental caries and periodontal health deteriorates with age and period of incarceration. Oral hygiene maintenance along with comprehensive oral care can be accomplished by establishing dental care facilities in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - S Parkar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Siddhpur Dental College and Hospital, Siddhpur, Patan, India
| | - A Gaur
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - B Bagri
- Central Jail Hospital, Jaipur, India
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Arora G, Humphris G, Lahti S, Richards D, Freeman R. Depression, drugs and dental anxiety in prisons: A mediation model explaining dental decay experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:248-255. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Arora
- Dental Health Services Research Unit School of Dentistry University of Dundee Dundee UK
| | - Gerry Humphris
- School of Medicine University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Derek Richards
- Dental Health Services Research Unit School of Dentistry University of Dundee Dundee UK
- Dental Public Health South East ScotlandNHS Forth Valley Stirling UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit School of Dentistry University of Dundee Dundee UK
- Public Health NHS Tayside Dundee UK
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10
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Testa A, Fahmy C. Oral health status and oral health care use among formerly incarcerated people. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:164-173. [PMID: 31955811 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarceration carries adverse consequences for health, yet there is limited research on the association between incarceration and oral health outcomes. The authors examined the relationship between former incarceration and 2 self-reported oral health outcomes-periodontal disease and oral health care use-and assessed the degree to which postrelease factors mediate the relationship between former incarceration and oral health outcomes. METHODS The authors analyzed nationally representative observational data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health by using multivariate logistic regression. Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation analysis was used to assess how much former incarceration and oral health outcomes are confounded by material hardship, health insurance coverage, and poor health behaviors. RESULTS Incarceration history is associated with periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.454; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.042 to 2.029) and oral health care use (OR, 1.433; 95% CI, 1.248 to 1.646) after control variables are taken into account. However, the confounding variables fully mediate the association between incarceration and periodontal disease (OR, 1.143; 95% CI, 0.815 to 1.605) and oral health care use (OR, 1.133; 95% CI, 0.980 to 1.309). CONCLUSIONS Formerly incarcerated people in the United States have worse oral health outcomes than their never-incarcerated counterparts, and much of this relationship can be explained by socioeconomic status and health behaviors. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Formerly incarcerated people have scarce resources and lack knowledge about oral health care. Health care professionals should encourage formerly incarcerated people to focus on oral health care. Because modifiable risk behaviors confound much of this relationship, targeted interventions may provide benefits for improving oral health care among this vulnerable population.
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11
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Vainionpää R, Tuulaniemi K, Pesonen P, Laitala ML, Anttonen V. Erosive tooth wear and use of psychoactive substances among Finnish prisoners. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 31142315 PMCID: PMC6542043 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear (ETW) and its association with dental caries and the use of psychoactive substances among Finnish prisoners. METHODS One hundred voluntary prisoners (90.9%) from the Pelso Prison participated in this cross-sectional clinical study between September 2014 and February 2015. Fifty prisoners were also interviewed using the one-on-one interviewing technique for their background factors and use of psychoactive substances. Basic Erosive Index (BEWE) (0-18) was used to measure erosive tooth wear. Decayed (D), missing (M), filled (F) and the number of remaining teeth (T) and DMFT were reported. The association between the different variables was tested and analysed by using cross tabulation. To test the association between the variables a logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS Almost all (90%) of the subjects had need for preventive and operative treatment for ETW. In addition, one in five (19%) suffered from severe erosive tooth wear. The use of psychoactive substances and pharmaceuticals is common, yet no association with ETW was found. Smoking and alcohol consumption were more common among younger prisoners than the older ones. There is an increased risk for ETW among older prisoners and major alcohol consumers. Past caries experience was associated with dental erosion. CONCLUSIONS Erosive tooth wear is common among Finnish prisoners in their thirties. ETW is associated with dental caries and daily alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raija Vainionpää
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kirsi Tuulaniemi
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Factors Associated with Accessing Prison Dental Services in Scotland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010012. [PMID: 30717283 PMCID: PMC6473453 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prisoners have poorer dental health than non-prison populations. It is known that the prison environment can promote health and thus, policies, including access to dental care, are in place to promote health during imprisonment. Aim: Our aim was to conduct an oral health and psychosocial needs survey to identify the factors associated with accessing prison dental services in Scotland. Methods: A convenience sample of offenders from a male maximum security prison, a women’s prison, and a young offenders’ institution was gathered. A questionnaire examined the demography, prison experience, dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and reported attendance of dental services. A dental examination was conducted using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System to diagnose obvious decay. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: 342 prisoners participated. When missing data were excluded, the final sample was 259. The regression analysis showed the following: Model 1 characterized the offenders by demography and prison experience, explaining 19% of the variance. Model 2 showed that an offender was 36% more likely to attend dental services for every unit change in the 5-point ranking scale of ‘feeling irritable with people because of teeth, mouth, or dentures’, explaining an additional 7% of the variance. Model 3 explained 35% of the variance, (i.e., an additional 9%) and was adopted as the final model to characterize offenders who access dental services when in prison. An offender who reported accessing prison dental services was 3.28 times more likely to be male. For each increase in the year of an offender’s age, the offender was 5% more likely to access prison dental services. An 11% greater chance of accessing prison dental services for every experience of remand was also found. An offender was 32% more likely to access prison dental services for each increased level of irritability, and there was a 2 times higher likelihood of emergency dental services’ attendance. There was a 19% lower chance of accessing prison dental services for each additional tooth affected by decay and a 13% greater chance of accessing prison dental services for each unit increase in missing teeth. Conclusions: In conclusion, this investigation identified factors associated with access to prison dental services in Scotland. The role of accessibility factors, such as the oral health impact of irritability, appeared to increase perceptions of dental need and promote dental services’ attendance.
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Shekarchizadeh H, Khami MR, Mohebbi SZ, Ekhtiari H, Virtanen JI. Oral health status and its determinants among opiate dependents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30616605 PMCID: PMC6323735 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to numerous general health problems, drug dependents manifest various oral health disorders. Our aim was to investigate the oral health status and its determinants among in-treatment opiate dependents. Methods As part of a comprehensive cross-sectional survey on opiate dependents admitted to methadone maintenance centers in Tehran, Iran, we conducted a clinical study in two centers from different socioeconomic areas. A trained dentist conducted face to face interviews and clinical oral examinations based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) on volunteer patients. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and Chi2 tests, in addition to linear and logistic regression models served for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results A total of 217 patients (98% men), with a mean age of 43.6 years (SD 12.3) participated in the study. Opium was the main drug of abuse reported by 70% of the participants followed by crystalline heroin (22%). Of the participants, 24.4% were totally edentulous. The mean DMFT score of participants was 20.3 (SD 7.8). Missing teeth comprised the main part of the index followed by decayed and filled teeth. Older patients (p < 0.001) and the patients with a lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.01) had higher DMFT scores. None of the dentate patients had a healthy periodontium. Maximum CPI mostly consisted of shallow pockets (66%) followed by calculus in 15%, deep pockets in 11%, and bleeding in 8% of the participants. Older participants (p = 0.02) and those who started drug abuse at a younger age (p = 0.01) were more likely to develop periodontal pockets. Conclusions Opiate dependents had a poor oral health status in terms of the dentition status and periodontal health. Missing teeth comprised the main part of their dental caries history and none had a healthy periodontium. Oral health care should be integrated into the package of general health services available in treatment centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shekarchizadeh
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, University Blvd, Arqavanieh, Jey Street, P.O.Box: 81595-158, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad R Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1417614411, Iran.,Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1439955934, Iran
| | - Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1417614411, Iran.,Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1439955934, Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1336616357, Iran
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
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Oral Health of Lipjan Convicts: Kosovo Prison House. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:6529658. [PMID: 29666647 PMCID: PMC5831970 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6529658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The oral health services of the prison population are considered more complex than those of the general population. The aim of this study was to examine the oral health status (the DMFT index and OHI index) and to evaluate the relation between the oral health and risk factors of inmates of this population, thus identifying the dental health status of inmates by gender, age, and the duration of their sentence. Materials and Methods Our study has included a total number of 150 inmates, of both genders, from Lipjan prison house in Kosovo. Results Oral health condition of inmates in Lipjan prison house is severe; the average value of DMFT is 8.44: for minors 6.22, while for adults 9.55. The assessment of DMFT index within the recruited inmates in our study shows that the mean rate of oral cure was 3.21, while the mean extraction value and caries were 3.55 and 3.58, respectively. The mean plaque test value was 1.44. Conclusion Based on this research, we have concluded that the oral health condition of the inmates in Lipjan prison is not good, due to the presence of different risk factors among them.
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Oral health and oral health-related habits of Finnish prisoners. BDJ Open 2017; 3:17006. [PMID: 29607077 PMCID: PMC5842830 DOI: 10.1038/bdjopen.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives/Aims: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine oral health and oral health-related habits among prisoners at the Pelso Prison in Finland. Materials and Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study comprises 100 inmates. A calibrated dentist recorded the decayed, filled and missed teeth as well as periodontal status (bleeding-on-probing, pocket probing and Community Periodontal Index) among the participants (n=100). Fifty inmates were also interviewed for marital status, education and oral health-related habits. The Ethical Committee of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District and the Criminal Sanctions Agency approved the study protocol. Results: The participants were on average 35 years old and had 5 (s.d. 5.1) decayed teeth in need of restorative treatment, whereas DMFT was 17 (s.d. 8.9). Half of the study population had periodontal disease in need of professional treatment. Almost all reported brushing their teeth daily. Two-third ate sweets, one-third drank fizzy drinks and majority smoked every day. Almost two-third had used illicit drugs at some point of their lives. Almost all drunk alcohol once a week or more often. No statistically significant associations were discovered between dental treatment need and explanatory factors. Discussion Prisoners appear to be a homogenous group with poor oral health and harmful health behaviours.
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Heidari E, Bedi R, Makrides NS, Dickinson C, Newton T. Planning for future provision of dental services in prison: an international proposal of two systems. Br Dent J 2016; 217:177-82. [PMID: 25146804 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a proposal for the future organisation of the delivery of dental and oral health services for prisoners. This vision is based on an analysis of the existing prison dental programmes in England and the United States (Federal Bureau of Prisons, [FBOP]), together with discussions from two key individuals from both countries who championed changes to prison dental services and have published in the field of prison dental services. Both countries have similar visions. Some of the suggested work has already been addressed in the past (for example, introduction of state of the art dental facilities in the UK prison setting), some are in process (for example, electronic patients' records) and some may be addressed in the near future (for example, prisoners' involvement with the services provided for them). Some of the expressed visions for the future in this article are driven by evidence-based literature and dental workforce policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heidari
- Senior Specialist Clinical Teacher, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 26, Tower Wing. Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT
| | - R Bedi
- Head, International Centre for Child Oral Health Director, Global Child Dental Health Taskforce, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG
| | - N S Makrides
- Chief Dentist for Federal Bureau of Prisons, Washington, United States
| | - C Dickinson
- Consultant in Special Care Dentistry, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 26, Tower Wing. Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT
| | - T Newton
- Professor of Psychology as Applied to Dentistry, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 26, Tower Wing. Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT
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Page G, Templeton L, Grace S, Roberts P, McKeganey N, Russell C, Liebling A, Kougiali Z, Lloyd C. Conspicuous by their abstinence: The limited engagement of heroin users in English and Welsh Drug Recovery Wings. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 29:49-56. [PMID: 26809934 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, an abstinence-focused, 'recovery' agenda has emerged in UK drug policy, largely in response to the perception that many opioid users had been 'parked indefinitely' on opioid substitution therapy (OST). The introduction of ten pilot 'Drug Recovery Wings' (DRWs) in 2011 represents the application of this recovery agenda to prisons. This paper describes the DRWs' operational models, the place of opiate dependent prisoners within them, and the challenges of delivering 'recovery' in prison. METHODS In 2013, the implementation and operational models of all ten pilot DRWs were rapidly assessed. Up to three days were spent in each DRW, undertaking semi-structured interviews with a sample of 94 DRW staff and 102 DRW residents. Interviews were fully transcribed, and coded using grounded theory. Findings from the nine adult prisons are presented here. RESULTS Four types of DRW were identified, distinguished by their size and selection criteria. Strikingly, no mid- or large-sized units regularly supported OST recipients through detoxification. Type A were large units whose residents were mostly on OST with long criminal records and few social or personal resources. Detoxification was rare, and medication reduction slow. Type B's mid-sized DRW was developed as a psychosocial support service for OST clients seeking detoxification. However, staff struggled to find such prisoners, and detoxification again proved rare. Type C DRWs focused on abstinence from all drugs, including OST. Though OST clients were not intentionally excluded, very few applied to these wings. Only Type D DRWs, offering intensive treatment on very small wings, regularly recruited OST recipients into abstinence-focused interventions. CONCLUSION Prison units wishing to support OST recipients in making greater progress towards abstinence may need to be small, intensive and take a stepped approach based on preparatory motivational work and extensive preparation for release. However, concerns about post-release deaths will remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff Page
- Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Sharon Grace
- Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil McKeganey
- Centre for Drug Misuse Research, 19 Keith Street, Glasgow G11 6QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Russell
- Centre for Drug Misuse Research, 19 Keith Street, Glasgow G11 6QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Liebling
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge CB3 9DA, United Kingdom
| | - Zetta Kougiali
- School of Psychology, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Lloyd
- Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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George B, John J, Saravanan S, Arumugham IM, Johny MK. Dental caries status of inmates in central prison, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:S110-2. [PMID: 26604596 PMCID: PMC4630740 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.166103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To understand the dental health among prison inmates, we assessed the dental caries status of central prison inmates in Chennai, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 1060 inmates from three divisions of the central prison in Chennai were assessed by a single investigator for dental caries status based on World Health Organization specifications. Results: Among the inmates, 58.2% of males and 54.2% of females had decayed teeth. About 4.1% of males and 2.9% of females had filled teeth. The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth index was 5.1 and 3.9 for female and male prisoners, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was highest among inmates younger than 24 years age. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a high proportion of prison inmates was affected by dental caries, which necessitates the need for initiating oral health promotion activities among prison inmates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benley George
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph John
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Meignana Arumugham
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Minimol K Johny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
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Pourhashemi SJ, Ghane M, Shekarchizadeh H, Jafari A. Oral health determinants among female addicts in Iran. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:375-80. [PMID: 26321838 PMCID: PMC4549990 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.161893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Addiction results in a range of health problems especially in the oral cavity. AIMS This study assessed the oral health status among women with a history of drug abuse in Tehran, Iran. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted through structured interviews and clinical examinations of women at three rehabilitation centers in Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on background characteristics, addiction history, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, and oral health indices were collected. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED We used MANOVA test and multiple logistic regression models to analyze the data. RESULTS We assessed 95 participants aged 37.88 ± 10.65 years. The most commonly reported drugs used prior to treatment were opiates (77.2%). The mean knowledge and attitude score among the patients was 80.83 ± 12.89 (37.5-100). Less than half of the dentate women reported tooth brushing as "rarely or never" (44.2%). Most of them (81.8%) had never used dental floss and 76.1% were daily smokers. The mean score of dental caries index (decayed, missed and filled teeth) of the participants was 20.2 ± 7.18 and 17 subjects were edentulous (17.9%). Factors such as age, drug type, duration of addiction, time of last dental visit, and frequency of brushing were associated with oral health status among these women. CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of drug abuse in our study suffered from poor oral health. Although they had an acceptable level of knowledge and attitude toward oral health, their oral health, and hygiene was poor. These results call for more attention in designing and implementing oral health programs for addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jalal Pourhashemi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ghane
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Shekarchizadeh
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jafari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cavalcanti AL, Rodrigues ISAA, de Melo Silveira IT, de Oliveira TBS, de Almeida Pinto MS, Xavier AFC, de Castro RD, Padilha WWN. Dental caries experience and use of dental services among Brazilian prisoners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:12118-28. [PMID: 25429680 PMCID: PMC4276604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111212118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This ross-sectional study involving 127 male prisoners evaluates the use of dental services and dental caries among Brazilian inmates. Data were collected by interview and clinical examination. Sociodemographic and sentencing information as well as use of dental services, self-reported dental morbidity, self-perception, and oral health impacts were investigated. The mean DMFT index value was 19.72. Of the components, the decayed component showed the highest mean value (11.06 ± 5.37). Statistically significant association was found between DMFTs with values from 22 to 32 and oral health satisfaction (p = 0.002), difficulty speaking (p = 0.024), shame of talking (p = 0.004) and smiling (p < 0.001). Regarding the use of dental services, 80% had their last dental appointment less than one year ago, with most visits occurring in prison (80%), with restorative treatment (32%), followed by dental pain (26.4%), being the main reasons for such appointments. Most prisoners used dental services provided by the prison. Although restorative treatment has been the main reason for the use of dental services, “decayed” and “missing” components contributed to the high mean DMFT index.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil.
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Oral health of adult prisoners and factors that impact on oral health. Br Dent J 2014; 217:69-71. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Locked mouths: Tooth loss in a women's prison in northeastern Brazil. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:587469. [PMID: 25121127 PMCID: PMC4121013 DOI: 10.1155/2014/587469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Prisoners, in general, exhibit unsatisfactory oral conditions, especially with regard to the large number of missing teeth and with untreated caries. The aim of this study was to assess tooth loss, use of and need for prosthetic rehabilitation, and use of dental services among inmates. A cross-sectional study involving 65 inmates was developed at the Regional Women's Prison of Campina Grande, Brazil. Data regarding sociodemographic and sentencing profile, use of dental services, dental morbidity, and self-perceived oral health impacts were investigated. Chi-square, Pearson, and Kruskal-Wallis (P < 0.05) statistical tests were used. The mean tooth loss was 11.3 teeth. Significant association between tooth loss and oral health satisfaction (P = 0.049), self-perceived need for dental prosthesis (P < 0.001), uncomfortable teeth brushing (P = 0.005), difficult speaking (P = 0.002), and difficulty in performing routine tasks (P = 0.025) was observed. It was observed that 29.2% of inmates were using some type of prosthesis, all deemed unsuitable for use, and 78.5% of inmates needed prosthetic rehabilitation. The oral health condition of the population studied was found to be poor, and prisoners showed significant tooth loss and need for dentures, with the aggravation of having tooth extraction as the major reason for seeking dental care.
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Marshman Z, Baker SR, Robinson PG. Does dental indifference influence the oral health-related quality of life of prisoners? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 42:470-80. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Marshman
- School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Sarah R. Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Although special care dentistry (SCD) is a fairly recent specialty, the principles and practice of SCD have been developed since the 1980s. Shared care of these patients with general dental practitioners remains vital to ensure that comprehensive care is provided. This article aims to discuss some of the patient groups commonly seen in SCD clinics and give an insight into the varied complex medical and social aspects of care which are managed as part of providing appropriate, safe and holistic care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Many patients who currently fall under the remit of special care dentistry could be treated safely in general dental practice. This article acts as an introduction to special care dentistry for general dental practitioners.
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Rouxel P, Duijster D, Tsakos G, Watt RG. Oral health of female prisoners in HMP Holloway: implications for oral health promotion in UK prisons. Br Dent J 2013; 214:627-32. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ritter C, Broers B, Elger BS. Cannabis use in a Swiss male prison: qualitative study exploring detainees' and staffs' perspectives. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2013; 24:573-8. [PMID: 23773686 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest a high prevalence of cannabis use before and during imprisonment, but subjective perspectives of detainees and staff towards its use in prison are lacking. This issue was explored in the framework of an observational study addressing tobacco use in three Swiss prisons in 2009 and 2010 that involved multiple strands (quantitative and qualitative components). This article presents qualitative data on cannabis use collected in one of the settings. METHODS We used in-depth semi-structured interviews with both detainees and staff to explore their attitudes towards cannabis in one post-trial male Swiss prison. We performed specific coding and thematic analysis for cannabis with the support of ATLAS.ti, compared detainees' and staff's opinions, and considered the results with regard to drug policy in prison in general. RESULTS 58 participants (31 male offenders, mean age 35 years, and 27 prison staff, mean age 46 years, 33% female) were interviewed. Detainees estimated the current use of cannabis use to be as high as 80%, and staff 50%. Participants showed similar opinions on effects of cannabis use that were described both at individual and institutional levels: analgesic, calming, self-help to go through the prison experience, relieve stress, facilitate sleep, prevent violence, and social pacifier. They also mentioned negative consequences of cannabis use (sleepiness, decreased perception of danger and social isolation), and dissatisfaction regarding the ongoing ambiguous situation where cannabis is forbidden but detection in the urine was not sanctioned. However, the introduction of a more restrictive regulation induced fear of violence, increased trafficking and a shift to other drug use. CONCLUSION Although illegal, cannabis use is clearly involved in daily life in prison. A clearer and comprehensive policy addressing cannabis is needed, including appropriate measures tailored to individual users. To sustain a calm and safe environment in prison, means other than substance or medication use are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ritter
- University Centre of Legal Medicine of Geneva and Lausanne, 9, av. de Champel, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Broers
- Unit for Dependency in Primary Care at the Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University Hospitals of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bernice S Elger
- Head of the Institute of Biomedical Ethics at the University of Basel, Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Benedetti G, Campus G, Strohmenger L, Lingström P. Tobacco and dental caries: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:363-71. [PMID: 23088732 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the abundance of evidence linking tobacco consumption to many oral conditions, no systematic review of the relationship with dental caries is available. The main aim of this systematic review was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on dental caries in adult smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to the PRISMA checklist, observational studies published from January 1991 to June 2011 were reviewed. The quality of evidence for each finding was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS Five studies, four related to dental caries and one on oral bacteria activity, were finally included in a qualitative analysis; they were all cross-sectional studies. As a result, the overall quality of evidence was poor, with two articles given a score of very low and three a score of low according to GRADE. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of dental caries. However, the overall poor quality of studies produced no validation for such an association. Further, more extensive research on this topic and prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Benedetti
- WHO Collaborating Centre of Milan for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, S. Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Kakoei S, Parirokh M, Nakhaee N, Jamshidshirazi F, Rad M, Kakooei S. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors: a population-based study in southeast iran. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2013; 8:123-8. [PMID: 23922574 PMCID: PMC3734515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to estimate toothache prevalence among adult residents in Kerman. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among individuals aged over 18 years (n=1800). The relevant data on the prevalence of toothache and associated factors were collected by interviewing the individuals in their homes and filling out a questionnaire designed by the examiners. Prevalence of toothache and associated factors that patients recalled previous to their interview were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-one individuals (55.1%) reported toothache during the 6 months before the interview. The participants who flossed daily, had regular dental visits, and had higher education showed a significantly lower prevalence of toothache (P<0.05), whereas regular tooth brushing and economic level of residency had no significant effect on the prevalence of toothache. Individuals between the ages of 26 and 45 [odds ratio (OR)=2.0], with a family size of more than 4 (OR=1.5), not using dental floss (OR=1.5), or having a mental or psychological illness (OR=1.5) were more likely to have a history of toothache. CONCLUSION High prevalence of toothache (more than half) among residents of Kerman shows a serious and major public health problem. Toothache prevalence in middle aged adults, lower education, bigger family size, lower dental hygiene habit and/or those having mental or psychological illness were more common in the city of Kerman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Kakoei
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Parirokh
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Neurosciences Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Forogh Jamshidshirazi
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Rad
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Kakooei
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding author: Sina Kakooei; Oral and Dental Diseases Research center, School of dentistry, Shafa Street, Jomhori Eslami Boulevard, Postal code: 7618759554, Kerman, Iran. Tel: +98-913 1976427, Fax: +98-341 2118073,
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Prevalences of betel nut chewing and cigarette smoking among male prisoners before their imprisonment in Taiwan. J Dent Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Dijkstra-le Clercq M, Verheggen-Udding EL, de Jong N, Spreen M. Halitosis and oral health-related quality of life: a case report. Int J Dent Hyg 2011; 10:3-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2011.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Tobacco-smoking prevalence has been decreasing in many high-income countries, but not in prison. We provide a summary of recent data on smoking in prison (United States, Australia, and Europe), and discuss examples of implemented policies for responding to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), their health, humanitarian, and ethical aspects. We gathered data through a systematic literature review, and added the authors' ongoing experience in the implementation of smoking policies outside and inside prisons in Australia and Europe. Detainees' smoking prevalence varies between 64 per cent and 91.8 per cent, and can be more than three times as high as in the general population. Few data are available on the prevalence of smoking in women detainees and staff. Policies vary greatly. Bans may either be 'total' or 'partial' (smoking allowed in cells or designated places). A comprehensive policy strategy to reduce ETS needs a harm minimization philosophy, and should include environmental restrictions, information, and support to detainees and staff for smoking cessation, and health staff training in smoking cessation.
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The performance of a screening test for urgent dental treatment need in a prison population. Br Dent J 2008; 205:E19; discussion 560-1. [PMID: 18974776 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of a questionnaire-based assessment of dental pain delivered by non-dental prison nursing staff against a clinical examination performed by an experienced prison dentist (gold standard). SETTING The research fieldwork took place in the healthcare department at HMP Brixton located in South London. METHODS The cohort were those who had complained of dental/facial pain to the prison authorities and were therefore placed on the waiting list for emergency dental care. Subjects were asked to complete the screening test and were then clinically examined by trained and calibrated dentists. The screening test was in the form of a 12-item questionnaire designed to categorise a population reporting dental pain into one of three groups. The screening test results were compared with the diagnosis of a clinical examination. RESULTS Ninety-six subjects were recruited during the 16-week study period. Of the 96 prisoners recruited, 27 of those failed to complete the screening test and/or the diagnostic examination even though they had reported pain previously. When sensitivity and specificity values were calculated for the 96 prisoners recruited, the sensitivity was fairly high (81%) and the specificity was poor (33%). However, when these values were calculated for the sub-population, those that completed both the screening test and diagnostic examination (n = 69), the sensitivity did not improve particularly (83%) but the specificity value fell substantially to 13%. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the problems of conducting research in the prison environment, for example increased security preventing researchers from gaining access into the prison and general pressures on prison staff. Additionally, the study demonstrated that screening is not effective in local prisons with a high turnover of prisoners.
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Walsh T, Tickle M, Milsom K, Buchanan K, Zoitopoulos L. An investigation of the nature of research into dental health in prisons: a systematic review. Br Dent J 2008; 204:683-9; discussion 667. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hale R, Lisowska P, Papadakis T, Mugwanya S, Qureshi A, Tanna Y, Bembridge H, Palmer G. Unacknowledged. Br Dent J 2007; 202:368-9. [PMID: 17435700 DOI: 10.1038/bdj.2007.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lambert-Humble S. Acceptability of dental hygienist-therapists. Br Dent J 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/bdj.2007.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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