Prevalence of Malocclusion in Brazilian Quilombola Adolescents

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in Quilombola adolescents living in rural area in Northeastern Brazil.Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 36 Quilombola adolescents aged 12-19 years were evaluated. Data collection was performed at home between January and April 2020 by a trained researcher using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software and presented using descriptive statistics.Results: More than two thirds of adolescents had already visited the dentist at least once in life (72.2%), with the last dental visit having occurred less than a year ago (57.7%), with predominance of public dental service (84.6%). There was higher frequency of lower anterior misalignment (86.1%) and dental crowding (83.4%) in two segments (55.6%). Almost all adolescents presented dental malocclusion (97.2%), with very severe or disabling severity (44.4%).Conclusion: The prevalence of very severe malocclusion was high in Quilombola adolescents, expressing the need for treatment of this population.

Pattern of oral and maxillofacial trauma and associated factors: An 8-year prospective study

BACKGROUND/AIMS

Oral and maxillofacial trauma (OMFT) is a public health problem due to its high occurrence and demand for resources for its management and the financial and social impact of OMFT victims on the health system. The aim of this study was to conduct an 8-year prospective analysis of OMFT cases from an emergency service.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A hospital-based 8-year prospective study on OMFT and associated factors was performed on data from December 2011 to December 2019. Data regarding sociodemographic (gender, age, and skin color) and socio-economic profiles (educational level, family income, and occupation), OMFT profile (etiology, OMFT type, and treatment), associated factors [alcohol consumption and personal protective equipment (PPE) use], OMFT occurrence (injury day and hour), length of hospital stay, and cost were collected. Descriptive and inferential analyses of data were performed.

RESULTS

Most OMFT cases involved men with low schooling and family income, resulting from traffic accidents. OMFT severity was associated with longer hospital stay, higher hospital costs and nonuse of PPE, midface fractures (mainly orbital-zygomatic fractures), closed reduction, and open reduction/internal fixation. Traffic accidents were the main cause of longer hospital stays for victims aged 41-60 years with better socio-economic status compared with cases that had higher hospital costs. In general, higher hospital costs were associated with victims of violence under 40 years of age, with low schooling and farmers. Alcohol consumption and non-use of PPE also contributed to increasing the length of hospital stay.

CONCLUSION

Oral and maxillofacial trauma severity was associated with longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs. Associated factors such as alcohol consumption and non-use of PPE contributed to increase the length of hospital stay and OMFT severity.

Craniofacial trauma in Brazilian child victims of traffic accidents: A single-trauma center analysis

BACKGROUND

Road traffic accidents are a significant public health problem and a major cause of economic loss globally.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological profile of child victims of traffic accidents and the prevalence of craniofacial trauma in a municipality in the northeastern region of Brazil.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A documentary study was carried out through the analysis of the medical records of the traffic accident victims hospitalized in emergency wards in the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, from January to December 2016. A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, among which 85 (4.5%) referred to children aged 0-12 years. The information related to the sociodemographic profile of the victims, traffic accidents and clinical variables was collected. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and a 5% level of significance was adopted.

RESULTS

The victims were predominantly males (64.7%) and 9-12-year-old children (43.5%). Most accidents were recorded in the evening (48.2%) and on the weekend (32.9%). Among the victims, 37.6% were involved in motorcycle accidents. Craniofacial injuries were found in 44.7% of the children. Most victims were not admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (80.0%). Craniofacial trauma was significantly associated with motorcycle (p = 0.043) and automobile accidents (p = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that motorcycles are the vehicles most frequently involved in traffic accidents, which predominantly affect males and children aged 9-12 years, and result in a high prevalence of craniofacial trauma.

Head and Face Injuries in Brazilian Homicide Victims - A Retrospective Study

Introduction:

Violence is a serious problem in view of its magnitude and impact on the health of the population in several countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of head and face injuries among homicide victims in a municipality in the Northeastern region of Brazil.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study carried out at the Police Station for Crimes against Persons of the Civil Police, which evaluated 168 police inquiries of homicide victims notified from January 2015 to December 2018. Variables analyzed were related to the Victim's sociodemographic profile, homicide characteristics and body region involved. Descriptive data analysis and Pearson's Chi-square test (P < 0.05) were performed.

Results:

There was greater involvement of men (92.9%) aged 20–29 years (36.3%), drug users (70.7%) and with a criminal record (65.9%). There was a predominance of simple homicides (92.3%), with greater occurrence on Sundays (16.7%), in the night shift (40.1%), revenge was the main reason for the crime (32%), and firearms as the main means used (89.2%). Regarding the number of body regions affected, victims were more frequently affected in 2 regions (36.5%). Head injuries were identified in 68.3% of victims, while face injuries represented 35.3%. There was an association between the presence of head injuries and number of injuries (P < 0.05).

Discussion:

The prevalence of head and face injuries resulting from homicide was high and victims are predominantly young men, drug users and those with a criminal record. The association was found between the presence of head injuries and number of injuries.

Presence of molar-incisor hypomineralization is associated with dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren and its association with dental caries experience. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 471 children aged 8 to 10 years. Data were collected via a sociodemographic questionnaire. Intra-oral clinical examination was done to identify and diagnose MIH (EAPD Criteria) as well as dental caries (ICDAS Index). Statistical analyses were performed with Person's Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests, and Poisson regression models were built. Statistical significance was set at an alpha-level of 0.05. The prevalence of MIH in our participants was 9.8%, with lesions being mostly of the mild form (65.2%) and affecting the first permanent molars but not the incisors in 54.2% of the children. Dental caries was observed in 88.1% of subjects. We observed a significant association between dental caries and the following variables: presence of MIH (p < 0.01; PR = 1.13), dental visit (p < 0.02; PR=0.92), and parents or legal guardians' education level (p < 0.05; PR = 1.07). A MIH diagnosis was also significantly associated with family income (p < 0.05; PR = 4.09). Children with MIH had more caries lesions on molar surfaces (p < 0.01; PR = 4.05). The prevalence of MIH was found to be moderate, based on previous studies, and the presence of enamel defect was associated with dental caries. The teeth most affected by MIH lesions were the first permanent molars.

Dental Fear in Children: Association with Dental Caries and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental fear and to evaluate its association with dental caries and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren aged 8-10 years from a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Data from 466 students enrolled in urban public schools in a cross-sectional study were collected. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, dental fear was measured by means of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and clinical examinations were performed by three calibrated examiners for diagnosis of dental caries, using the International Caries Detection & Assessment System - ICDAS II and a previously validated index for MIH. Descriptive data analysis was performed, and associations between dental fear, dental caries and MIH were analyzed using robust Poisson regression for complex samples (p<0,05). The prevalence of dental fear was 21.6%, and the mean total CFSS-DS score was 29.97 (CI 95%=29.05-30.89). In the multivariate adjusted model, the prevalence of dental fear was associated to family income (PR=1.78; CI 95%=1.02-3.08; p= 0.041). Monthly family income was associated with dental fear in children, whereas dental caries and MIH were not associated with dental fear.

Clinical Trials Developed in Brazil on Covid-19: What Is Being Researched?

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has brought great public health challenges into our lives. To date, there has been no specific therapeutic protocol for this disease, which requires a study with high-quality evidence. Objectives: To analyze clinical trials on COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: Documentary research was conducted on the clinical trial registration platform. For the search strategy, the “COVID-19” keyword was established in the “condition or disease” section and “Brazil” in the “country” section. No limit on the search period was considered. Data were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 81 registered clinical trials, 48 met the eligibility criteria. The sample size ranged from 10 to 3,000 individuals. Most studies recruited individuals aged 18 - 64 years (48.5%) and > 65 years (48.5%). Regarding the study design, randomized (91.6%), parallel (89.5%), quadruple-blind (39.6%), and therapeutic (97.9%) types were more frequent. Most studies used standard two-arm trial (70.8%), used drugs (79.2%), placebo (58.3%), and were sponsored by pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies and universities with 33.3% and 29.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Clinical trials under development in Brazil on COVID-19 are mostly carried out with adult and elderly participants, and regarding the study design, have a predominance of randomized allocation, parallel model, quadruple-blind masking with a therapeutic purpose. Most studies use antithrombotic agents or combinations of antithrombotic agents.

Bibliometric Analysis of Acta Stomatologica Croatica: 2009-2018

Objective

To analyze a bibliometric profile of scientific production published in Acta Stomatologica Croatica (ASCRO).

Material and methods

Scientific papers published from March 2009 to December 2018 were analyzed. Information on the year of publication was collected by four trained examiners. Dentistry area, study type and design, data analysis method, presence of randomization, number of authors and corresponding author affiliation were investigated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 328 articles were evaluated, with a predominance of research in the field of Dental Materials (16.5%), with original article being the most frequent (74.1%). Observational studies accounted for 52.4%, using inferential statistics (83.2%) and non-randomized experimental studies (66.1%). Cross-sectional studies were more common in areas of Behavioral, Epidemiologic & Health Services Research (86.3%), case reports in Craniofacial Biology (54.0%) and Oral Health Research (53.1%), while in vitro studies were more common in the areas of Dental Materials (90.7%), Microbiology / Immunology (70.0%) and Cariology Research (66.7%). Most articles were written by four authors (24.1%), while foreign affiliation was observed in 53.0% of studies.

Conclusion

The profile of ASCRO scientific production shows a predominance of original studies carried out in the areas of Dental Materials and Behavioral, Epidemiologic & Health Services Research, with growing participation of foreign researchers.

Breastfeeding Behavior in Brazilian Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome

Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a condition that has emerged only recently, bringing together multiple changes, including significant changes in the stomatognathic system, which may compromise sucking behavior and consequently the breastfeeding practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the breastfeeding behaviors in children with CZS. A longitudinal study was carried out in two reference centers in Northeastern Brazil. The nonprobabilistic sample consisted of 79 children diagnosed with physical, neurological, and behavioral alterations compatible with CZS. Information regarding the child, nutritive, and nonnutritive sucking behavior and changes related to the sucking reflex was collected. Data were presented through descriptive and inferential statistics. In the bivariate analyses, the chi-squared test was used and 5% significance level was adopted. The majority of children had severe microcephaly (59.7%). Breastfeeding was performed at birth in most of CZS children (89.9%) but only 36.6% of them presented exclusive breastfeeding in the six months of life. Bottle feeding and pacifier were used in 89.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Sucking and swallowing difficulties and occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux were observed in 27.8%, 48.0%, and 29.2% of children, respectively. Early weaning was associated with bottle feeding (p=0.005) and pacifier sucking (p=0.003). Although breastfeeding practice at birth constitutes a behavior adopted by most of mothers, adherence to this exclusive habit until the first six months of life was low since the children presenting a large number of comorbidities with direct interference in the suction reflex, sucking, and swallowing difficulty.

Epidemiologic Aspects of Spinal Cord Trauma Cases among Traffic Accident Victims

Objective: To describe and analyze characteristics of cases of spinal cord Trauma (SCT) among traffic accident victims admitted to a referral hospital. Method: Descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, developed in the city of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The population consists of 1,884 medical records of patients admitted to hospital after damage caused by traffic accidents from January to December 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: Among the victims of traffic accidents, there was a male predominance (85.4%). The most affected age group was 21 to 30 years (29%). Accidents involving motorcyclists were predominant (82.9%) and 43 victims (2.3%) suffered spinal injury. Among these ones, there was a prevalence of males (86%), in the age group between 21 and 30 years (35.7%). In 30 cases (69.8%), the victims had spinal injuries. The cervical level (55.8%) was dominant. In addition, 46.7% of the victims were classified as ASIA and there were 9 cases (30%) of paraplegia and 1 case (3.3%) of tetraplegia. A bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the variable presence of SCT and type of accident (p <0.001), use of cervical collar (p <0.005), injuries in other anatomical regions (p <0.001), surgical treatment (p < 0.001) and outcome of the patient’s situation (p <0.005). Conclusions: Among the victims of traffic accidents and SCT there was a predominance of males, young individuals and motorcyclists. Keywords: Epidemiology. Traffic-accidents. Public health. Spinal injuries. Spinal cord trauma.

Uso dos serviços de saúde segundo determinantes sociais, comportamentos em saúde e qualidade de vida entre diabéticos

Resumo Este estudo investigou a utilização dos serviços de saúde segundo determinantes sociais, comportamentos em saúde e qualidade de vida entre diabéticos. A amostra foi composta por 416 diabéticos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. A análise dos dados incluiu estatísticas descritivas, bivariadas e multivariada por meio da modelagem de Árvore de Decisão usando o algoritmo Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). Evidenciou-se expressiva utilização dos serviços públicos de saúde (80,7%). A utilização do serviço público de saúde com regularidade envolveu indivíduos com escolaridade baixa ou média (p < 0,001), empregados ou aposentados e/ou pensionistas (p = 0,019), com alto impacto do diabetes na qualidade de vida (p = 0,032), e que realizavam a quantidade recomendada de exames de glicemia em jejum ao ano (p < 0,001). A utilização dos serviços de saúde pôde ser explicada por diferenças relacionadas aos determinantes sociais, aos comportamentos em saúde e ao impacto do diabetes na qualidade de vida dos usuários.

Risk Behaviors for Eating Disorders Among Brazilian Female Adolescents

Background:

Eating disorders are complex conditions that cause serious emotional and physical problems.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the behavioral risk for eating disorders in Brazilian female adolescents and their association with dental caries and erosion.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 200 students from public and private schools aged 15-18 years divided into two groups according to behavioral risk: Group 1 - adolescents without risk and Group 2 - adolescents at risk / disorder situation. Sociodemographic information (age and type of school), use of dental services, eating habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was obtained. The Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) was used to identify behavioral risk. Caries experience was assessed using the DMFT index, while dental erosion was evaluated using the O'Sullivan index. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a significance level of 5%.

Results:

The highest overweight and obesity percentages were verified among adolescents at risk / disorder, respectively, 33% and 16%. There was a statistically significant association between behavioral risk and variables standard dietary pattern (p<0.001), strict diet (p<0.001), fasting for 24 hours (p<0.001), self-induced vomiting (p<0.001), and BMI (p<0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference between behavioral risk and the presence of dental caries (p<0.05) and erosion (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Behavioral risk for eating disorders in female adolescents was associated with standard dietary patterns, strict diet and, self-induced vomiting. Adolescents at risk / eating disorders for bulimia were related to dental caries and erosion.

Head and face injuries in elderly patients victims of fall. A single trauma center analysis

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to identify the profile of elderly victims of falls and the occurrence of injuries and fractures in the head and face regions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Overall, 426 medical records of individuals aged 60 years or older of both genders hospitalized due to fall were analyzed. Data on gender, age group, period of occurrence, type of fall, presence of head and face injury and fracture of facial bones were collected. Data were organized with SPPS, version 20, and presented through descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test). Poisson regression analysis was used (α<0.05).

RESULTS

The majority of victims were women (62.4%), aged 80 years or older (45.5%). Occurrences were more frequent in the daytime period (65.6%) and falls were mostly from the self-height (93.7%). Head and face lesions were found in 14.1% and 5.9% of victims, respectively. However, the presence of facial fracture was low (1.9%). Association between gender and occurrence of head (p=0.001) and face injury (p=0.017) was observed. The presence of "head injury" was associated with variables "type of fall" (p<0.001) and "existence of bone fracture" (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

Women aged 80 or over are the main victims of falls. Occurrences are common in the daytime period and due to falls from self height. Although soft tissue injuries in head and face were common, facial fractures showed low frequency.

Caracterização de homicídios e aspectos associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas em uma Capital no Nordeste Brasileiro

Introdução: O homicídio é um problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil não raro relacionado com drogas ilícitas. Objetivo: Caracterizar os homicídios e os aspectos associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em João Pessoa, no estado da Paraíba, no Brasil, em 2014. Consideraram-se 424 vítimas de homicídios cujos dados foram coletados através de um instrumento próprio, analisados com auxílio de software estatístico, com Teste de Qui-Quadrado e Regressão Robusta de Poisson, considerando um nível confiança de 95% e significância estatística quando p<0,05. Resultados: Predominância de vítimas de homicídios homens (93,2%),  ão brancos (97,2%), com até 30 anos, considerando as faixas etárias de menor de 20 anos (22,6%), de 20 a 24 (26,7%) e 25 a 29 (18,8%), com menos de sete anos de estudo (67,5%), com histórico de envolvimento com drogas ilícitas (72,5%) e de encarceramento (59,7%). Observaram-se associações entre envolvimento com drogas ilícitas e as variáveis: sexo (p=0,037), idade (p=0,002) e histórico de encarceramento (p<0,001). A prevalência ajustada de envolvimento com drogas ilícitas foi 67% maior entre aqueles com histórico de encarceramento (RP: 1,67; IC95%: 1,44-1,94) e 28% menor entre indivíduos com 30 anos ou mais (RP: 0,72; IC: 0,58-0,88). Conclusão: O homicídio está inserido em um quadro de complexas questões sociais, dentre as quais se insere o envolvimento com drogas ilícitas, e é mais prevalente entre indivíduos com histórico de encarceramento e menos prevalente entre os de mais de 30 anos.

Endogenous pH, Titratable Acidity and Total Soluble Solid Content of Mouthwashes Available in the Brazilian Market

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the endogenous pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solid content (TSSC) of mouthwashes available in the Brazilian market.

Methods: The study sample was composed of 10 commercial brands of mouthwashes based on different active ingredients: Cepacol®, Clinerize®, Equate®, Listerine Cool Citrus®, Oral-B®, Periogard ®, Peroxyl®, Plax Overnight®, Prevident 220® and Sanifill®. The experiments were performed in triplicate. The endogenous pH was evaluated by potentiometry, titratable acidity was evaluated by the addition of 0.1N KOH increments to the mouthwashes, and TSSC readings were performed by Brix refractometry using the Abbé refractometer.

Results: pH values ranged from 3.56 (Peroxyl®) to 7.43 (Cepacol®) and three mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5. The titratable acidity values ranged from 0.007 (Periograd®) to 0.530 (Prevident ®). Oral B® and Clinerize® presented the lowest (4.7%) and the highest (23.70%) TSSC, respectively.

Conclusions: Some of the mouthwashes evaluated in this study presented low endogenous pH, even below the critical value for enamel dissolution (pH<5.5), high titratable acidity and high TSSC, and may be potentially erosive to the dental tissues if not properly used. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:156-159)

Analysis of prevalence and diagnostic criteria of molar-incisor hipomineralization

To identify the prevalence and diagnostic criteria of Molar-Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) in the scientific literature. Materials and Methods: This is a bibliographical research conducted through the analysis of indexed articles until October 2017 in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The Medical Subject Headings (MESH) used were "Dental Enamel Hypoplasia" and "Molar Incisor Hypomineralization". The analysis of articles was carried out by two reviewers, who collected information independently. The following information was collected: author, year of publication, place of work (continent and country), sample calculation, sample number, age of participants, type of study, prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization and criteria used for diagnosis. Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel for Windows and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 484 articles were found and 57 were included in the study. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe (35%), and 31.6% of the studies mentioned using a probability sampling. The number of study participants ranged from 99 for a study in Brazil to 3,591 in Kenya. The most frequent age was 8 years, while the predominant type of study was cross-sectional (91.2%). The prevalence varied from 0.4% to 37.3% and most studies (73.6%) employed the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria for the diagnosis of MIH. Conclusion: There is great variability in prevalence in different countries, probably due to the use of different diagnostic criteria being used, and due to different age groups and geographical variation.

RISK BEHAVIOR FOR BULIMIA AMONG ADOLESCENTS

Objective:

To analyze the risk behavior for bulimia among female adolescents from public and private high schools.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 850 female students aged 15-18 years was carried out in a city in northeastern Brazil, using the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) to assess the risk behavior for bulimia. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the Pearson’s chi-square , Fisher’s exact and robust Poisson regression tests, adopting the significance level of 5%.

Results:

Less than half of the sample (42.0%) showed standards of dietary risk and weight control practices; in 1.4% of the sample, bulimia signs were already installed. Fear of gaining weight was reported by 62.8% of the subjects. Risk practices were lower among students from public schools; (Odds Ratio - OR - 0.82; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI - 0.69-0.97). Among restrictive practices, fasting for a whole day was the most applied (29.9% of the students). Among individuals who were at risk situation, almost half believed to have normal eating habits (prevalence ratio - PR - 0.42; 95%CI 0.36-0.49). Individuals who consider their eating habits normal, who are afraid of gaining weight, those who seek emotional comfort in food and follow strict diets had higher risk for bulimia (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

The number of female adolescent students with risk behavior practices for bulimia is high, and the frequency of those unaware of this situation is also very high. Risk situations emerge as a collective health problem, and individuals from private schools were more likely to be in this situation.

Teething symptoms in children with congenital Zika syndrome: A 2-year follow-up

BACKGROUND

The eruption of primary teeth represents a stage of many challenges for parents.

AIM

To investigate the occurrence of signs and symptoms related to the eruption of the primary dentition in children with congenital Zika syndrome.

DESIGN

Longitudinal study developed with 79 children followed up for a period of 24 months. Data on sex, gestational age, low birthweight, microcephaly, signs and symptoms related to the dental eruption phase, and use and type of medication were collected. Data were presented by descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test).

RESULTS

The majority (94.9%) exhibited simultaneously two or more signs and symptoms related to dental eruption. Increased salivation (91.1%), irritability (86.1%), and gingival itching (83.5%) were the most commonly reported signs and symptoms. Bivariate analysis showed association between elevation of body temperature and sex (P < 0.05). Almost two-thirds of mothers (63.3%) reported using medication to relieve symptoms presented by the child; however, the use of topical medication prevailed (57.1%).

CONCLUSION

All children with congenital Zika syndrome presented manifestations related to the eruption of primary teeth, with increased salivation, irritability, and gingival pruritus. The use of ointments and gels was the option of mothers in the treatment of the oral discomfort presented by infants.

Recurrent Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report

Objective:

This article describes a case of a Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG) in a girl.

Introduction:

PGCG is a relatively infrequent benign reactive lesion of the gingiva or alveolar ridge that develops in response to local irritation. Clinical appearance consists of a firm or soft smooth surface nodule in dissimilar colors of varying size with sessile or pedunculated implantation base. Radiographic features are generally nonspecific, thereby definitive diagnosis depends on microscopic examination to confirm the entity of PGCG.

Case Report:

A 6-year-old female patient was referred to the outpatient clinic of an Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department with the chief complaint of an intraoral swelling. The intraoral examination showed a painless sessile mass with exophytic growth similar to a tumorous lesion located on the mandibular alveolar ridge extending from distal aspect of right mandibular primary canine to mesial aspect of first permanent molar of the same side.

Conclusion:

Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a relatively uncommon lesion in children and potential for collaboration with the treatment in young patients should be considered for a successful therapeutic approach.

Association of Oral Conditions with Quality of Working Life of Brazilian Police Officers

Objective: To evaluate the impact on the quality of working life of Brazilian police officers with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 52 subjects and information was collected through the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and the Fonseca Anamnesis Index to evaluate the level of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), followed by clinical examination to determine the experience of dental caries, by means of the DMFT index. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (chi-square test) was performed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. The significance level was 5%. Results: The sample was predominantly composed of males (94.2%) with a mean age of 39.4 years (±9.4) and mean service length of 17.3 years (±11.0). The mean DMFT index value was 15.6 (±6.1), especially the "filled" component, whose mean was 12.1 (±5.4). The presence of TMD was found in 67.3% of the sample, of predominating mild degree (91.4%). Quality of working life (QWL) was classified as unsatisfactory/neutral by 57.7% of participants. There was a statistically significant association between QWL and presence of TMD (p<0.05); however, there was no association between DMFT index and the presence of TMD (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although military police officers presented a high mean DMFT index value, there was highest prevalence of the "filled" component, evidencing a past experience of caries and evidencing that this population has access to oral health services. The occurrence of TMD was high, predominating the mild degree, and there was an association with QWL.

Evaluation of Oral Mucositis Occurrence in Oncologic Patients under Antineoplastic Therapy Submitted to the Low-Level Laser Coadjuvant Therapy

Low-level laser therapy has been widely used in treating many conditions, including oral mucositis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of oral mucositis in patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy submitted to preventive and therapeutic treatment with low-level laser therapy. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 51 children and adolescents of both sexes with malignant neoplasias who developed oral mucositis and underwent low-level laser therapy. Data were collected on sex, age, type and degree of neoplasia, region affected, and remission time. 64.7% of the patients were male and were between 3 and 6 years of age (39.2%). Acute lymphoid leukemia was the most frequent neoplasm (37.3%). Regarding the maximum oral mucositis, grade 2 (41.2%) was predominant, with jugal mucosa (29.9%) and tongue (17.7%) being the most affected regions. The majority of cases presented lesion remission time between 4 and 7 days (44.0%). Most patients were young, male, and diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. Predominance of grade 2 oral mucositis was observed, with jugal mucosa and tongue being the most affected regions, with the majority of cases presenting lesion remission time between 4 and 7 days. Low-level laser therapy has been shown to be an essential therapy in the prevention and treatment of these lesions, since it is a non-invasive and low-cost method.

In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Reinforcement with Fiberglass in Class I Restorations with Composite Resin

Marginal microleakage is one of the major disadvantages of resin composite restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of reinforcement with fiberglass in Class I restorations with composite resin on the marginal microleakage.The sample was composed by 30 human third molars, which were divided into 3 groups: G1 (no fiberglass – control group), G2 (1 layer of fiberglass) and G3 (2 layers of fiberglass). The restorations were subjected to a total of 300 thermal cycles and were immersed in solution of methylene blue 2%. The analysis of microleakage was performed in a stereomicroscope and measured Data were analyzed statistically by the Chi-square and ANOVA tests at 5% significance level. G3 presented the lower infiltration index, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05), indicating that use of fiberglass did not appears effective against microleakage. Although the use of layers of fiberglass slightly reduces polymerization shrinkage, the incremental technique seems to be more viable clinically.

BULLYING: PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À VITIMIZAÇÃO E À AGRESSÃO NO COTIDIANO ESCOLAR

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de vitimização e agressão por bullying e tipologias associadas aos fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco em estudantes. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido em escolas municipais de ensino fundamental em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, sendo a amostra representada por 678 adolescentes matriculados do 6º ao 9º ano escolar. Os dados foram atualizados com o programa escolar estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, sendo utilizado nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95% para realização do teste qui-quadrado de Person. Resultados: a prevalência de vitimização de bullying alcançou 29,5%, com predomínio do bullying psicológico, 23,3% e envolvimento majoritário do sexo masculino. Quanto à prática de bullying, 8,4% dos estudantes afirmaram praticarem bullying contra os pares. Conclusão: pode-se observar associação entre agressores de bullying com comportamento de risco na escola.

Epidemiological Aspects Of Microcephal Cases And Central Nervous System Changes In Newborn

Objective: To describe the epidemiological situation of cases of microcephaly and / or Central Nervous System changes in newborns in the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: Epidemiological, descriptive study with secondary data. Epidemiological data were collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, with cumulative data from the years 2015 and 2016. They were processed in the statistical software SPSS - version 21 and analyzed from the descriptive statistics. Results: It was evidenced that, in the Northeast region, 6,481 cases of microcephaly and / or central nervous system disorders were reported. Of these, the states of Pernambuco and Bahia stand out with a higher percentage of reported and confirmed cases. About the reported deaths, the states of Pernambuco, Ceará and Bahia prevailed. Of the cases of deaths confirmed, the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. Conclusion: it is imperative to carry out an ongoing population awareness campaign on the prevention of ZIKAV and how important it is to follow up the pregnant woman during prenatal care. In addition to the constant updating of health professionals regarding microcephaly and the creation of more services to support the NB and their families. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies to understand the reason for the increase in reported cases of microcephaly, being possible to draw up specific strategies for each locality in order to reduce the cases of this disease. Keywords: Epidemiology; Microcephaly; Central Nervous System; Children.