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ADAMS DD, PURVES HD. EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF A CASE OF METASTATIC THYROID CARCINOMA BY I131
AND DESICCATED THYROID. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:306-9. [PMID: 13607330 DOI: 10.1111/imj.1958.7.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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THOMPSON SW, HUNT RD. SPONTANEOUS TUMORS IN THE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT: INCIDENCE RATES OF SOME TYPES OF NEOPLASMS AS DETERMINED BY SERIAL SECTION VERSUS SINGLE SECTION TECHNICS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 108:833-45. [PMID: 14081517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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SAXENA KM, CRAWFORD JD, TALBOT NB. CHILDHOOD THYROTOXICOSIS: A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1996; 2:1153-8. [PMID: 14190483 PMCID: PMC1816770 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5418.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Longterm goitrogen administration to rodents is well known to result in multiple proliferative lesions of the thyroid. The regression of these lesions on withdrawal of goitrogen has led to their neoplastic nature being questioned, and they have been regarded as 'nodules' rather than as true tumours. We have induced multiple thyroid lesions by the combined use of high dose radiation as a mutagen, together with goitrogen administration to induce prolonged TSH growth stimulation. G6PD histochemistry was used in heterozygous G6PD deficient female mice to show that all the thyroid lesions induced by this regime were monophenotypic, and therefore monoclonal in origin. The great majority of induced tumours were adenomas, a minority were carcinomas. The number of carcinomas observed was significantly lower in a group of animals from which goitrogen was withdrawn for 4 weeks prior to killing, when compared to animals killed while on goitrogen treatment. Both adenomas and carcinomas, including areas of intravascular tumour, showed morphological features of regression on withdrawal of the goitrogen. There are three key cellular changes which must occur in spontaneous thyroid carcinogenesis--escape from a growth limiting mechanism, acquisition of TSH independent growth and acquisition of invasiveness. In the natural selection of mutations or epimutations during carcinogenesis, prolonged high levels of TSH are likely to remove any selective advantage from mutations that lead to TSH independent growth. Tumours induced by a regime including prolonged goitrogen treatment may therefore develop following two rather than three key stages. They will occur with an increased frequency relative to lesions observed in spontaneous carcinogenesis, but will retain TSH dependency. We speculate that several mechanisms may lead to loss of the growth limiting mechanism, including translocation of an oncogene to the region of a TSH induced promoter. Other carcinogenic regimes may also increase the yield of tumours by creating conditions which reduce the number of essential steps required for carcinogenesis, and may involve translocation to a carcinogen inducible promoter.
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Orvoine RH, Cantin M, Garzon S, Billick RC, Stephens H, Strykowski H. Dedifferentiation of a transplantable papillary thyroid carcinoma over a 15-year period. Cancer 1983; 52:1720-7. [PMID: 6616422 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19831101)52:9<1720::aid-cncr2820520928>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fischer 344 rats on a prolonged low-iodine diet developed thyroid nodules which were transplanted subcutaneously into 33 thyroidectomized rats. One graft took and gave a papillary carcinoma. Serially transplanted syngeneically at 3- to 4-month intervals, it became autonomous in third generation hosts. With electron microscopy examination it was microfollicular in year 8 and anaplastic, with totally unpolarized epithelial cells, in year 15. Basement membrane present in year 1 was no longer visible in specimens of years 8 and 15. Tight and gap junctions still present in year 8 were absent in year 15, although a few desmosomes persisted. From years 8 to 15, free ribosomes and microfilaments became more frequent, whereas the number of mitochondria and the development of the Golgi complex declined.
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Christensen SB, Ljungberg O, Tibblin S. Surgical treatment of thyroid carcinoma in a defined population: 1960 to 1977. Evaluation of the results after a conservative surgical approach. Am J Surg 1983; 146:349-54. [PMID: 6614326 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(83)90414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ninety patients from a demographically well-defined area of, on an average, 243,000 inhabitants were surgically treated for thyroid carcinoma during an 18 year period. Sixty-five of the patients had papillary carcinoma, 20 follicular carcinoma, 4 medullary carcinoma, and 1 anaplastic carcinoma. Seventy-eight patients were operated on for cure, and among them, 23 had total thyroidectomy and 55 partial thyroidectomy. Additional therapy with thyroxine was given to all patients postoperatively. None of the patients treated for cure died from thyroid carcinoma at follow-up 2 to 20 years after diagnosis. One of 42 patients (2.4 percent) primarily treated for cure with lobectomy for papillary carcinoma had local recurrence in the thyroid bed which was excised successfully. No patient treated for cure of follicular carcinoma had local recurrence. All verified recurrences except one were diagnosed within 5 years of primary operation. We conclude that local recurrence after procedures less than total thyroidectomy that are considered to be curative is unusual provided that thyroxine is given postoperatively. Thus it seems that the reported high rates of microscopic carcinoma in the contralateral lobe in patients with unilateral cancer have little clinical significance. A conservative approach in most patients with localized thyroid carcinoma is indicated because it reduces the risk of postoperative complications.
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Mooradian AD, Allam CK, Khalil MF, Salti I, Salem PA. Anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Surg Oncol 1983; 23:95-8. [PMID: 6855248 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930230209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of well-differentiated thyroid adenocarcinoma to anaplastic cancer has been occasionally reported. Two new cases of such transformation are now described. The time interval from diagnosis to the development of anaplastic cancer was 15 years in the first patient and 10 years in the second. Both patients ultimately developed extensive bilateral pulmonary metastases and died within 6 months from the diagnosis of the transformation. Hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of the transformation and the literature were reviewed. We believe that histopathological confirmation of recurrent and rapidly progressive thyroid tumors is necessary prior to initiation of therapy.
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Aldinger KA, Samaan NA, Ibanez M, Hill CS. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid: a review of 84 cases of spindle and giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Cancer 1978; 41:2267-75. [PMID: 657091 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197806)41:6<2267::aid-cncr2820410627>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-four cases of spindle and giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid were reviewed. This is a swiftly growing, and rapidly fatal neoplasm that generally develops in the elderly. Treatment of this disease was generally unsuccessful with a 7.1% five-year survival rate and a mean survival period of 6.2 months from the time of tissue diagnosis. In the majority of cases, areas of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma could be identified, supporting the concept that spindle and giant cell carcinoma results from the transformation of preexisting well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Because of the aggressive biologic activity of this neoplasm, we treat all cases as disseminated disease at the time of presentation. Our best therapeutic results have been obtained with a combination of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy; however, these results still leave much to be desired. Patients with only small foci of spindle and giant cell carcinoma, at the time of diagnosis, may have a better chance of prolonged survival.
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Amrhein JA, Kenny FM, Ross D. Granulocytopenia, lupus-like syndrome, and other complications of propylthiouracil therapy. J Pediatr 1970; 76:54-63. [PMID: 5410161 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(70)80130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Taptiklis N. Penetration of the vascular endothelial barrier by non-neoplastic thyroid cells in circulation. Eur J Cancer 1969; 5:445-57. [PMID: 5366974 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(69)90098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Crowley LG, Duwe SA. Current status of the management of patients with endocrine-sensitive tumors. II. Carcinoma of the prostate, endometrium, thyroid, kidney and miscellaneous tumors. Calif Med 1969; 110:139-50. [PMID: 4894628 PMCID: PMC1503291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kessler FJ, Krüskemper HL. [Experimental thyroid tumors caused by many years of potassium perchlorate administration]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1966; 44:1154-6. [PMID: 5927802 DOI: 10.1007/bf01745547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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DOBYNS BM. Cancer of the Thyroid: Radical Surgery, Radiation or Hormonal Suppression Therapy. Surg Clin North Am 1962; 42:481-92. [PMID: 13886809 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)36643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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VOLPE R, SCHATZ DL, SCOTT A, PELLER JA, VALE JM, EZRIN C, JOHNSTON MW. Radioactive iodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Experience at the Toronto General Hospital, 1950-58. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1961; 84:84-7. [PMID: 13782036 PMCID: PMC1939159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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STARR P. Modern medical management of thyroid disease. Med Clin North Am 1959; 43:1071-84. [PMID: 13666147 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)34119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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GROPP A, LETTRE R. [Adaptive changes of the morphological properties of a mouse mammary carcinoma]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREBSFORSCHUNG 1959; 62:616-35. [PMID: 13676614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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Gropp A, Lettr� R. �ber adaptive Ver�nderungen der morphologischen Eigenschaften eines Mammacarcinoms der Maus. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1959. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00528213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Annual Subscriptions. Br J Radiol 1957. [DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-30-360-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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GOOLDEN AW. Radiation cancer: a review with special reference to radiation tumours in the pharynx, larynx, and thyroid. Br J Radiol 1957; 30:626-40. [PMID: 13489203 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-30-360-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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RAWSON RW. The relationship of hormonal environment to the genesis and to the inhibition of neoplastic growth; is cancer autonomous? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1953; 66:999-1014. [PMID: 13104501 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)38613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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RAWSON RW. Hormonal control of neoplastic growth. BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 1953; 29:595-611. [PMID: 13059579 PMCID: PMC1877350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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MONEY WL, FITZGERALD PJ, GODWIN JT, RAWSON RW. The effect of thiouracil on the collection of radioactive iodine in experimentally induced thyroid tumors. Cancer 1953; 6:111-20. [PMID: 13009659 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(195301)6:1<111::aid-cncr2820060111>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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