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Shimizu T, Tanaka S, Kitagawa Y, Sakaguchi Y, Kamiya M, Takayanagi S, Takami H, Urano Y, Saito N. Advancement of fluorescent aminopeptidase probes for rapid cancer detection-current uses and neurosurgical applications. Front Surg 2024; 11:1298709. [PMID: 38516394 PMCID: PMC10954885 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1298709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is considered for most brain tumors to obtain tissue diagnosis and to eradicate or debulk the tumor. Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, generally has a poor prognosis despite the multidisciplinary treatments with radical resection and chemoradiotherapy. Surgical resection of glioma is often complicated by the obscure border between the tumor and the adjacent brain tissues and by the tumor's infiltration into the eloquent brain. 5-aminolevulinic acid is frequently used for tumor visualization, as it exhibits high fluorescence in high-grade glioma. Here, we provide an overview of the fluorescent probes currently used for brain tumors, as well as those under development for other cancers, including HMRG-based probes, 2MeSiR-based probes, and other aminopeptidase probes. We describe our recently developed HMRG-based probes in brain tumors, such as PR-HMRG, combined with the existing diagnosis approach. These probes are remarkably effective for cancer cell recognition. Thus, they can be potentially integrated into surgical treatment for intraoperative detection of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Takayanagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Xie K, Cheng M, He B, Li W, Zhong W. Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy and Curettage for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Periungual and Subungual Warts: Clinical Experience and Literature Review. Indian J Dermatol 2024; 69:57-62. [PMID: 38572045 PMCID: PMC10986876 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_524_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and can involve multiple parts of skin and mucosa, of which periungual and subungual warts are the most difficult to treat. Periungual or subungual wart is verruca vulgaris growing around or under the fingernail, destroying and deforming the nail and nail bed. Currently, liquid nitrogen cryotherapy and CO2 laser are often used for the treatment. Clinically, few doctors routinely use photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat viral warts. We used PDT combined with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy and curettage to successfully treat a case of intractable periungual and subungual warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuixia Xie
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihong Cheng
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Wei Li
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenying Zhong
- From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Chandratre S, Olsen J, Howley R, Chen B. Targeting ABCG2 transporter to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor visualization and photodynamic therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115851. [PMID: 37858868 PMCID: PMC10842008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been approved by the U. S. FDA for fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade glioma and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial skin precancerous and cancerous lesions. As a prodrug, ALA administered orally or topically is metabolized in the heme biosynthesis pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), the active drug with red fluorescence and photosensitizing property. Preferential accumulation of PpIX in tumors after ALA administration enables the use of ALA for PpIX-mediated tumor fluorescence diagnosis and PDT, functioning as a photo-theranostic agent. Extensive research is currently underway to further enhance ALA-mediated PpIX tumor disposition for better tumor visualization and treatment. Particularly, the discovery of PpIX as a specific substrate of ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) opens the door to therapeutic enhancement with ABCG2 inhibitors. Studies with human tumor cell lines and human tumor samples have demonstrated ABCG2 as an important biological determinant of reduced ALA-PpIX tumor accumulation, inhibition of which greatly enhances ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. These studies strongly support targeting ABCG2 as an effective therapeutic enhancement approach. In this review, we would like to summarize current research of ABCG2 as a drug efflux transporter in multidrug resistance, highlight previous works on targeting ABCG2 for therapeutic enhancement of ALA, and provide future perspectives on how to translate this ABCG2-targeted therapeutic enhancement strategy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordyn Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Al-Quran L, Li G, Liu Z, Xiong D, Cao X, Xie T. Comparative Efficacy Between Intense Pulsed Light Narrow Spectrum and Broad Spectrum in the Treatment of Post-Acne Erythema (PAE). Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1983-1996. [PMID: 37547541 PMCID: PMC10404044 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s419743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Post-acne erythema (PAE) is one of the most common physical sequelae of acne regression, PAE can resolve spontaneously, but in some patients it may last for years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of narrow and broad spectrum filters of intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of PAE. Patients and Methods This prospective study evaluated 60 patients with PAE for at least 6 months, assigned equally to three groups: 1st group received narrow-spectrum with vascular filter (530-650 nm and 900-1200 nm), 2nd group received broad-spectrum with (560/590-1200 nm) filters, the appropriate adjustments were made according to patient's skin colour. Every patient received four sessions one month apart. 3rd group is blank control group did not receive any treatment. CAT (CEA (Clinical Erythema Assessment), Area, and Telangiectasia) used to grade clearance of PAE before and after treatment, Investigators Global Assessment (IGA) used to assess the improvement score after the treatment, and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) used to evaluate the impact of PAE on patients' Quality of Life (QoL). Self-satisfaction scale completed at the follow-up. Adverse events and acne relapse were recorded. Results A significant decrease of CAT score in vascular group (P<0.05). IGA scale showed significant improvement after vascular treatment. A significant decrease in CADI (P<0.05) after vascular treatment. Patient satisfaction was higher in vascular group than control and blank control groups. Acne relapse observed in control and blank control groups (40% and 15%, respectively).10% of patients showed pigmentation, 15% had blisters after 590 nm treatment. Conclusion IPL vascular filter (530-650 nm and 900-1200 nm) have efficacy in the treatment of PAE. CADI score, patient satisfaction, and acne relapse were significantly better after vascular narrow spectrum treatment than broad-spectrum treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al-Quran
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhezhang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China
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Howley R, Chandratre S, Chen B. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040496. [PMID: 37106683 PMCID: PMC10136048 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a fluorophore and photosensitizing agent. ALA administered exogenously bypasses the rate-limit step in the pathway, resulting in PpIX accumulation in tumor tissues. Such tumor-selective PpIX disposition following ALA administration has been exploited for tumor fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with much success. Five ALA-based drugs have now received worldwide approval and are being used for managing very common human (pre)cancerous diseases such as actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma or guiding the surgery of bladder cancer and high-grade gliomas, making it the most successful drug discovery and development endeavor in PDT and photodiagnosis. The potential of ALA-induced PpIX as a fluorescent theranostic agent is, however, yet to be fully fulfilled. In this review, we would like to describe the heme biosynthesis pathway in which PpIX is produced from ALA and its derivatives, summarize current clinical applications of ALA-based drugs, and discuss strategies for enhancing ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. Our goal is two-fold: to highlight the successes of ALA-based drugs in clinical practice, and to stimulate the multidisciplinary collaboration that has brought the current success and will continue to usher in more landmark advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Calvo G, Céspedes M, Casas A, Di Venosa G, Sáenz D. Hydrogen sulfide decreases photodynamic therapy outcome through the modulation of the cellular redox state. Nitric Oxide 2022; 125-126:57-68. [PMID: 35728762 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-surgical treatment that has been approved for its human medical use in many cancers. PDT involves the interaction of a photosensitizer (PS) with light. The amino acid 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can be used as a pro-PS, leading to the synthesis of Protoporphyrin IX. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gas that belongs to the gasotransmitter family, which can diffuse through biological membranes and have relevant physiological effects such as cardiovascular functions, vasodilatation, inflammation, cell cycle and neuro-modulation. It was also proposed to have cytoprotective effects. We aimed to study the modulatory effects of H2S on ALAPDT in the mammary adenocarcinoma cell line LM2. Exposure of the cells to NaHS (donor of H2S) in concentrations up to 10 mM impaired the response to ALA-PDT in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of 3 doses of NaHS showed the highest effect. This decreased response to the photodynamic treatment was correlated to an increase in the GSH levels, catalase activity, a dose dependent reduction of PpIX and increased intracellular ALA, decreased levels of oxidized proteins and a decrease of PDT-induced ROS. NaHS also reduced the levels of singlet oxygen in an in vitro assay. H2S also protected other cells of different origins against PDT mediated by ALA and other PSs. These results suggest that H2S has a role in the modulation of the redox state of the cells, and thus impairs the response to ALA-PDT through multifactor pathways. These findings could contribute to developing new strategies to improve the effectiveness of PDT particularly mediated by ALA or other ROS-related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias - CIPYP, U.B.A.-CONICET, Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín. Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Céspedes
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias - CIPYP, U.B.A.-CONICET, Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín. Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias - CIPYP, U.B.A.-CONICET, Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín. Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias - CIPYP, U.B.A.-CONICET, Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín. Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sáenz
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias - CIPYP, U.B.A.-CONICET, Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín. Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mazurek M, Szczepanek D, Orzyłowska A, Rola R. Analysis of Factors Affecting 5-ALA Fluorescence Intensity in Visualizing Glial Tumor Cells-Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020926. [PMID: 35055109 PMCID: PMC8779265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the literature, maximal tumor resection is a key element in improving therapeutic outcome. One of the methods to achieve it is the use of fluorescent intraoperative navigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Unfortunately, often the level of fluorescence emitted is not satisfactory, resulting in difficulties in the course of surgery. This article summarizes currently available knowledge regarding differences in the level of emitted fluorescence. It may depend on both the histological type and the genetic profile of the tumor, which is reflected in the activity and expression of enzymes involved in the intracellular metabolism of fluorescent dyes, such as PBGD, FECH, UROS, and ALAS. The transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its metabolites across the blood–brain barrier and cell membranes mediated by transporters, such as ABCB6 and ABCG2, is also important. Accompanying therapies, such as antiepileptic drugs or steroids, also have an impact on light emission by tumor cells. Accurate determination of the factors influencing the fluorescence of 5-aminolevulinic acid-treated cells may contribute to the improvement of fluorescence navigation in patients with highly malignant gliomas.
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Deregulation of the CD44-NANOG-MDR1 associated chemoresistance pathways of breast cancer stem cells potentiates the anti-cancer effect of Kaempferol in synergism with Verapamil. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 437:115887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sun R, Cuthbert H, Watts C. Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in the Surgical Treatment of Gliomas: Past, Present and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143508. [PMID: 34298721 PMCID: PMC8304525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas are aggressive central nervous system tumours. The emergence and recent widespread adoption of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescence guided surgery have improved the extent of resection, with implications for improved survival and progression-free survival. This review describes the history, rationale and mechanism behind the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescence-guided surgery. We also discuss current limitations and future directions for this important adjunct to glioma surgery. This review aims to provide readers with an up-to-date overview and evidence base on this important topic. Abstract Gliomas are central nervous systems tumours which are diffusely infiltrative and difficult to treat. The extent of surgical resection is correlated with improved outcomes, including survival and disease-free progression. Cancerous tissue can be directly visualised intra-operatively under fluorescence by administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid to the patient. The adoption of this technique has allowed surgeons worldwide to achieve greater extents of resection, with implications for improved prognosis. However, there are practical limitations to use of 5-aminolevulinic acid. New adjuncts in the field of fluorescence-guided surgery aim to improve recognition of the interface between tumour and brain with the objective of improving resection and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Hadleigh Cuthbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
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In vivo photobleaching kinetics and epithelial biodistribution of hexylaminolevulinate-induced protoporphyrin IX in rat bladder cancer. Curr Urol 2021; 15:2-10. [PMID: 34084115 PMCID: PMC8137026 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper, we showed that rat bladder instillations with 8 or 16 mM of hexyl aminolevulinate (hALA) result in diametrically opposed photodynamic therapy efficiency. Although the same fluorescent intensities were detected spectroscopically and by fluorescent microscopy in both conditions, while a given light dose resulted in tumor necrosis with an intact bladder wall after 8 mM hALA, bladders instilled with 16 mM showed total wall necrosis without impact on the tumor. The current study investigated the photobleaching and localization pattern of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after both hALA intravesical instillations in tumor-bearing rat bladders. The total PpIX content was evaluated by the extraction of postmortem whole bladders. Photobleaching was evaluated in vivo by fluorescent spectroscopy. Cryosections of bladders were subjected to fluorescent microscopy for cellular localization of the photosensitizer. PpIX extraction showed identical amounts of photosensitizer in tumor-bearing bladders at both concentrations. Photobleaching experiments revealed mono-exponential decay curves in both situations but with a two times faster decay constant in 16 mM bladders. Fluorescent microscopy showed an identical fluorescent pattern for normal bladders at both concentrations and tumor bladders at 8 mM with bright spots. Tumor bladders at 16 mM exhibited a more diffuse cytoplasmatic fluorescent distribution. The different response to photodynamic therapy with regard to the initial pro-drug concentration can thus be attributed to the different cellular localizations.
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Anti-Human Cancer Experiments Investigating the Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030229. [PMID: 33800109 PMCID: PMC8000125 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid derivative and a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The photophysical feature of PpIX is clinically used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These clinical applications are potentially based on in vitro cell culture experiments. Thus, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments is meaningful and may provide opportunities to consider future perspectives in this field. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed to summarize the in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments and calculated the effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT for several cancer cell types. In total, 412 articles were identified, and 77 were extracted based on our inclusion criteria. The calculated effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT was statistically analyzed, which revealed a tendency of cancer-classification-dependent sensitivity to 5-ALA PDT, and stomach cancer was significantly more sensitive to 5-ALA PDT compared with cancers of different origins. Based on our analysis, we suggest a standardized in vitro experimental protocol for 5-ALA PDT.
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12
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Wang X, Li S, Liu H. Co-delivery of chitosan nanoparticles of 5-aminolevulinic acid and shGBAS for improving photodynamic therapy efficacy in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102218. [PMID: 33592329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improvement of gene therapy provides hope for the treatment of cancer. However, malignant tumor is a multifactorial disease, which remains difficult to be cured with a single therapy. Our previous study reported that mitochondrial genes glioblastoma-amplified sequence (GBAS) plays a role in the development and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current study focused on building a mitochondrial-targeting drug co-delivery system for combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gene therapy. METHODS 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photosensitizer loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were prepared using ionic crosslinking method, and further synthesized with the GBAS gene plasmid DNA (shGBAS) by electrostatic attraction. We detected the effects of PDT using the co-delivery system (CS-ALA-shGBAS) on cell proliferation and mitochondrial injury by MTT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, respectively. Additionally, a oral cancer Xenograft model of nude mice was built to test its inhibitive effect on the cancerous growth in vivo. RESULTS A novel nanocomposite, CS-ALA-shGBAS, was found to be spherical structures and had good dispersion, stability and hypotoxicity. Gel retardation assay showed that CS-ALA nanoparticle could synthesize shGBAS at and above Nanoparticle/Plasmid ratios of 1/2. Excitingly, the co-delivery system was suitable for transfected cells and displayed a superior mitochondrially targeted killing effect on OSCC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that the chitosan-based co-delivery system of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) photosensitizer and GBAS gene may be a novel mode of combined therapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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13
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Revealing the therapeutic effects of aminolevulinate mediated femtosecond laser induced photo-chemotherapy in different cancer cells. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photo chemotherapeutic strategy that is the application of photosensitizing agent and light on disease or tumor site. The aim of this study is to confirm the feasibility for femtosecond (fs) laser for aminolevulinate (ALA) mediated PDT on skin, breast and bladder cancer cells. Also the remarkable aspects of ALA mediated and laser induced PDT with respect to other literally known applications were investigated.
Metastatic melanoma cells SK-MEL30, mammary epithelial carcinoma cells MCF-7 and bladder cancer cells UMUC-3 were treated with ALA and then the cells were irradiated by fs laser at thirty wavelengths in between 230 and 800 nm for 30s and 60s. Anti-cancer effects of ALA phototherapy on different cancer cell lines were determined. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation was visualized by confocal microscopy. The effective PDT wavelengths were applied to evaluate the degree of apoptosis and necrosis in cells.
The viability tests demonstrated that wavelengths 400-440 nm and 600-630 nm were found to decrease the viability on three model cell lines. PDT at 630 nm exerted cell death by necrosis and apoptosis after 30 s and 60 s periods.
This paper confirms that ALA and femtosecond laser mediated PDT may be used together as therapeutic and diagnostic method to target breast, skin and urinary bladder cancer cells. The use of fs laser allows the flexibility for optimization of wavelength for photosensitizing agents.
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Oshina T, Kawai T, Sato Y, Miyakawa J, Miyama Y, Makino K, Akiyama Y, Yamada Y, Nakamura M, Yamada D, Suzuki M, Ushiku T, Kume H. Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder shows fluorescence on photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101766. [PMID: 32311542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently attracted attention as a diagnostic method for observing cancer lesions based on fluorescence emission using a fluorescent endoscope. However, there are few reports of false positives associated with benign bladder neoplasms. Here, we provide report of two cases of inverted papillomas of the bladder that were fluorescent on PDD using 5-ALA. In each case, a surface-smooth, pedunculated bladder tumor was observed, which fluoresced red on PDD after oral administration of 5-ALA. Histopathological findings demonstrated inverted papilloma of the bladder. Although inverted papilloma of the bladder is usually regarded as a benign neoplasm, some recent studies have revealed that it could be a risk factor for urothelial carcinoma. Our present report may support the hypothesis that inverted papilloma of the bladder has malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Oshina
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Kawai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jimpei Miyakawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Miyama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Makino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Metalloporphyrin Pd(T4) Exhibits Oncolytic Activity and Cumulative Effects with 5-ALA Photodynamic Treatment against C918 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020669. [PMID: 31968535 PMCID: PMC7013453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive method where light activates a photosensitizer bound to cancer cells, generating reactive oxygen species and resulting in cell death. This study assessed the oncolytic potential of photodynamic therapy, comparing European Medicines Agency and United States Food and Drug Administration-approved 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to a metalloporphyrin, Pd(T4), against a highly invasive uveal melanoma cell line (C918) in two- and three-dimensional models in vitro. Epithelial monolayer studies displayed strong oncolytic effects (>70%) when utilizing Pd(T4) at a fraction of the concentration, and reduced pre-illumination time compared to 5-ALA post-405 nm irradiance. When analyzed at sub-optimal concentrations, application of Pd(T4) and 5-ALA with 405 nm displayed cumulative effects. Lethality from Pd(T4)-photodynamic therapy was maintained within a three-dimensional model, including the more resilient vasculogenic mimicry-forming cells, though at lower rates. At high concentrations, modality of cell death exhibited necrosis partially dependent on reactive oxygen species. However, sub-optimal concentrations of photosensitizer exhibited an apoptotic protein expression profile characterized by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and endoplasmic stress-related proteins, along with downregulation of apoptotic inhibitors CIAP-1 and -2. Together, our results indicate Pd(T4) as a strong photosensitizer alone and in combination with 5-ALA against C918 cells.
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16
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De Annunzio SR, Costa NCS, Mezzina RD, Graminha MAS, Fontana CR. Chlorin, Phthalocyanine, and Porphyrin Types Derivatives in Phototreatment of Cutaneous Manifestations: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163861. [PMID: 31398812 PMCID: PMC6719085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific research has shown the use of chlorin, phthalocyanines, and porphyrins derivatives as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy in the treatment of various pathologies, including some of the major skin diseases. Thus, the main goal of this critical review is to catalog the papers that used these photosensitizers in the treatment of acne vulgaris, psoriasis, papillomavirus infections, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and skin rejuvenation, and to explore the photodynamic therapy mechanisms against these conditions alongside their clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raquel De Annunzio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Caroline Silva Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Dalbello Mezzina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia A S Graminha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, Campus Ville, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Morita M, Tanaka H, Kumamoto Y, Nakamura A, Harada Y, Ogata T, Sakaguchi K, Taguchi T, Takamatsu T. Fluorescence-based discrimination of breast cancer cells by direct exposure to 5-aminolevulinic acid. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5524-5533. [PMID: 31385432 PMCID: PMC6746108 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX‐fluorescence measurement is a powerful in situ approach for cancer detection after oral/topical administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid. However, this approach has not been clinically established for breast cancer, probably due to insufficient delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid to the mammary glands. In the present study, we directly exposed breast cancer cells to 5‐aminolevulinic acid to assess their discrimination via protoporphyrin IX‐fluorescence. Fluorescence intensity (FI) was measured in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 and breast epithelial cell line MCF10A by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. After 5‐aminolevulinic acid exposure for 2 hours, protoporphyrin IX‐FI in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells significantly increased with marked cell‐to‐cell variability, whereas that in MCF10A cells increased moderately. Combined exposure of the cancer cells to 5‐aminolevulinic acid and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ATP‐binding cassette transporter G2, further increased protoporphyrin IX‐FI and alleviated the cell‐to‐cell variability in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, indicating improvement in the reproducibility and accuracy for fluorescence‐based cancer detection. The increased FI by combined administration of these two drugs was also demonstrated in cells obtained via fine needle aspiration from mouse xenograft models inoculated with MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, a cutoff value for increased protoporphyrin IX‐FI ratio, before and after exposure to these drugs, clearly discriminated between cancer and noncancer cells. Taken together, direct exposure to 5‐aminolevulinic acid and Ko143 may be a promising strategy for efficient fluorescence‐based detection of breast cancer cells ex vivo using fine needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Morita
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taguchi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Nguyen M, Sandhu SS, Sivamani RK. Clinical utility of daylight photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis - a review of the literature. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:427-435. [PMID: 31239746 PMCID: PMC6560187 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s167498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma that results from UV light exposure and has the potential to evolve into invasive tumor. Therefore, it is crucial that AKs are monitored and treated appropriately. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment option that is minimally invasive and leaves patients with cosmetically superior results. However, disadvantages of PDT include pain and lengthy clinic visits. Accordingly, there has been much interest in the use of daylight photodynamic therapy (daylight-PDT) as a more convenient and less painful alternative to conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT). Current evidence shows that daylight-PDT is noninferior to c-PDT in the short and long term. Patients reported decreased pain with daylight-PDT and were more satisfied with the procedure (P<0.001). Current evidence suggests that 2 hrs of daylight exposure was sufficient for treatment, and its efficacy does not appear to be limited by weather conditions. Given the decreased intensity of treatment, daylight-PDT is better for mild disease, as it is less effective in moderate-to-thick AKs. Though further studies are still needed to refine the technique, daylight-PDT is a potential alternative to c-PDT for thin-to-moderate AKs and should be offered to patients with lower pain tolerance or busy schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California - Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Simran S Sandhu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California - Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California - Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
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19
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Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing Followed by Ultrashort Incubation Aminolevulinic Acid Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis. Dermatol Surg 2017; 43:1053-1064. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Schroeteler J, Ewelt C, Wölfer J, Schipmann S, Schwake M, Stummer W. 5 ALA-PDT in neurosurgery. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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22
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Tao SQ, Li F, Cao L, Xia RS, Fan H, Fan Y, Sun H, Jing C, Yang LJ. Low-Dose Topical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Different Severity of Acne Vulgaris. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:701-6. [PMID: 27259313 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 3.6 % topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and a short incubation time with red light in moderate to severe acne. One hundred and thirty-six patients with moderate to severe acne were treated with 3.6 % topical ALA-PDT for three sessions with an interval of 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated for efficacy and safety on week 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 after the initial treatment. Most patients showed apparent clearance of acne lesions at the treated site after three sessions. The effective treatment rates were increased after the multiple therapies. The clinical outcomes are the best at 4 weeks after the final treatment. The total effectiveness rate and cure rate of the low-dose ALA-PDT procedure is 92.65 and 47.06 %, respectively. Thirty-one patients and nineteen patients showed apparent exacerbation of acne lesions before the 2nd and 3rd treatment, respectively, but all of them showed good or excellent improvement after a three-course treatment. A few patients showed mild relapse including papules and comedos at 8 weeks after the final treatment. No significant differences are found in the effects of different acne severity and different genders. Adverse reactions are mild and transient. A 3.6 % topical ALA-PDT with a short time incubation with red light is a simple and an effective treatment option for moderate to severe acne with mild side effects in Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qin Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Ru-Shan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Cheng Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Li-Jia Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214001, China.
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23
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Valdés PA, Roberts DW, Lu FK, Golby A. Optical technologies for intraoperative neurosurgical guidance. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 40:E8. [PMID: 26926066 DOI: 10.3171/2015.12.focus15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical optics is a broadly interdisciplinary field at the interface of optical engineering, biophysics, computer science, medicine, biology, and chemistry, helping us understand light-tissue interactions to create applications with diagnostic and therapeutic value in medicine. Implementation of biomedical optics tools and principles has had a notable scientific and clinical resurgence in recent years in the neurosurgical community. This is in great part due to work in fluorescence-guided surgery of brain tumors leading to reports of significant improvement in maximizing the rates of gross-total resection. Multiple additional optical technologies have been implemented clinically, including diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and imaging, optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy and imaging, and advanced quantitative methods, including quantitative fluorescence and lifetime imaging. Here we present a clinically relevant and technologically informed overview and discussion of some of the major clinical implementations of optical technologies as intraoperative guidance tools in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Valdés
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - David W Roberts
- Section of Neurosurgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Alexandra Golby
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Radiology, and.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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24
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Roy BN, Van Vugt DA, Weagle GE, Pottier RH, Reid RL. Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Dose and Estrogen on Protoporphyrin IX Concentrations in the Rat Uterus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769700400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L. Reid
- Department of Physiology and the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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25
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de Souza ALR, Marra K, Gunn J, Samkoe KS, Kanick SC, Davis SC, Chapman MS, Maytin EV, Hasan T, Pogue BW. Comparing desferrioxamine and light fractionation enhancement of ALA-PpIX photodynamic therapy in skin cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:805-13. [PMID: 27575852 PMCID: PMC5046214 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides selective uptake and conversion of ALA into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma, yet large response variations in effect are common between individuals. The aim of this study was to compare pre-treatment strategies that increase the therapeutic effect, including fractionated light delivery during PDT (fPDT) and use of iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO), separately and combined. Methods: Optical measurements of fluorescence were used to quantify PpIX produced, and the total amount of PpIX photobleached as an implicit measure of the photodynamic dose. In addition, measurements of white light reflectance were used to quantify changes in vascular physiology throughout the PDT treatment. Results: fPDT produced both a replenishment of PpIX and vascular re-oxygenation during a 2 h dark interval between the first and second PDT light fractions. The absolute photodynamic dose was increased 57% by fPDT, DFO and their combination, as compared with PDT group (from 0.7 to 1.1). Despite that light fractionation increased oedema and scab formation during the week after treatment, no significant difference in long-term survival has been observed between treatment groups. However, outcomes stratified on the basis of measured photodynamic dose showed a significant difference in long-term survival. Conclusions: The assessment of implicit photodynamic dose was a more significant predictor of efficacy for ALA-PDT skin cancer treatments than prescription of an enhanced treatment strategy, likely because of high individual variation in response between subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Scott C Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - M Shane Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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26
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Guyotat J, Pallud J, Armoiry X, Pavlov V, Metellus P. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2016:61-90. [PMID: 26508406 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21359-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The current first-line treatment of malignant gliomas consists in surgical resection (if possible) as large as possible. The existing tools don't permit to identify the limits of tumor infiltration, which goes beyond the zone of contrast enhancement on MRI. The fluorescence-guided malignant gliomas surgery was started 15 years ago and had become a standard of care in many countries. The technique is based on fluorescent molecule revelation using the filters, positioned within the surgical microscope. The fluorophore, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is converted in tumoral cells from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), given orally before surgery. Many studies have shown that the ratio of gross total resections was higher if the fluorescence technique was used. The fluorescence signal intensity is correlated to the cell density and the PpIX concentration. The current method has a very high specificity but still lower sensibility, particularly regarding the zones with poor tumoral infiltration. This book reviews the principles of the technique and the results (extent of resection and survival).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital, Lyon, France.
| | - Johan Pallud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Hospital, Paris, France.
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Armoiry
- Délégation à la recherche clinique et à l'innovation, cellule innovation Hospices Civils de, Lyon, France.
| | - Vladislav Pavlov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital, Lyon, France.
| | - Philippe Metellus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
- University Aix Marseille, Marseille, France.
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27
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Topical PDT in the Treatment of Benign Skin Diseases: Principles and New Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23259-78. [PMID: 26404243 PMCID: PMC4632697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photosensitizer, light energy, and molecular oxygen to cause cell damage. Cells exposed to the photosensitizer are susceptible to destruction upon light absorption because excitation of the photosensitizing agents leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and, subsequently, direct cytotoxicity. Using the intrinsic cellular heme biosynthetic pathway, topical PDT selectively targets abnormal cells, while preserving normal surrounding tissues. This selective cytotoxic effect is the basis for the use of PDT in antitumor treatment. Clinically, PDT is a widely used therapeutic regimen for oncologic skin conditions such as actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and basal cell carcinoma. PDT has been shown, under certain circumstances, to stimulate the immune system and produce antibacterial, and/or regenerative effects while protecting cell viability. Thus, it may be useful for treating benign skin conditions. An increasing number of studies support the idea that PDT may be effective for treating acne vulgaris and several other inflammatory/infective skin diseases, including psoriasis, rosacea, viral warts, and aging-related changes. This review provides an overview of the clinical investigations of PDT and discusses each of the essential aspects of the sequence: its mechanism of action, common photosensitizers, light sources, and clinical applications in dermatology. Of the numerous clinical trials of PDT in dermatology, this review focuses on those studies that have reported remarkable therapeutic benefits following topical PDT for benign skin conditions such as acne vulgaris, viral warts, and photorejuvenation without causing severe side effects.
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28
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Du J, Lu XN, Li F, Wang DQ, Xu M, Sun Y, Liang J, Tang H, Yang YS, Zhang Z, Zhu XH, Lin JR, Xu JH. Comparison between photodynamic therapy with topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and CO2 laser therapy in the treatment of cervical condylomata acuminate: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11342-11346. [PMID: 26379947 PMCID: PMC4565330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with topical applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) for the treatment of cervical condylomata accuminate (CA). 161 Patients with cervical CA were randomly divided into ALA-PDT group and CO2 laser (control) group. Patients (n=89) in the ALA-PDT group were treated with topical 5% ALA under occlusive dressing for 3 h followed by irradiation with semiconductor laser at a dose of 1000 J/cm(-2) and a power of 100 mW. Patients were treated 2 weeks later if necessary. Patients (n=72) in the control group were treated with CO2 laser. The treatment was repeated at 1-week interval when necessary. No response rate, complete response rate (CR) and recurrence rate of wart lesions as well as rate of eradication of HPVs were analyzed. The CR rate was 90.2% in the ALA-PDT group and 96.2% in the control group. The eradication rate was 90.2% in the ALA-PDT group and 65.8% in the control group after 3 months of follow-up. Both the eradication rate and recurrence rate in the ALA-PDT group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). The adverse event in patients receiving ALA-PDT was mainly mild bleeding. ALA-PDT is a more effective and well-tolerated treatment for cervical CA compared with conventional CO2 laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Duo-Qin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jin-Ran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jin-Hua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
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Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic diagnosis using fluorescence cystoscopy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A randomized, double-blind, multicentre phase II/III study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:193-200. [PMID: 25843912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) following transurethral administration of a hexalated form of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), 5-ALA hexyl ester, is widely performed in Western countries. In this study, effectiveness and safety of the oral administration of 5-ALA is assessed in a phase II/III study of PDD for NMIBC in comparison to those of conventional white-light endoscopic diagnosis. METHODS Patients with NMIBC were allocated to two groups that were orally administered 10 and 20 mg/kg of 5-ALA under the double-blind condition. Effectiveness was evaluated by setting the primary endpoint to sensitivity. Safety was also analyzed. Moreover, clinically recommended doses of 5-ALA was also investigated as an investigator-initiated multicenter cooperative clinical trial in which five medical institutions participated. RESULTS All 62 enrolled patients completed the clinical trial. The sensitivities of PDD were higher (84.4 and 75.8% in the 10 and 20 m g/kg-groups, respectively) than those of conventional endoscopic diagnosis (67.5 and 47.6%, respectively) (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001, respectively). Five episodes of serious adverse events developed in four patients; whereas a causal relationship with the investigational agent was ruled out in all episodes. CONCLUSION This investigator-initiated clinical trial confirmed the effectiveness and safety of PDD for NMIBC following oral administration of 5-ALA. Both doses of 5-ALA may be clinically applicable; however, the rate of detecting tumors only by PDD was higher in the 20 mg/kg-group suggesting that this dose would be more useful.
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Synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II)-based potential photosensitizers: Evaluation of their DNA binding profile, cleavage and photocytotoxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wu CS, Kuo HY, Hu WP, Wang JJ, Fang AH, Tien LY. The ultraviolet A-activated photosensitizer 2-(4-aminophenyl)-7-methoxybenzothiazole suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts: a potential adjunctive therapy for keloids. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:63-70. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.-S. Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; College of Health Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - H.-Y. Kuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; College of Health Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - W.-P. Hu
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - J.-J. Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - A.-H. Fang
- Department of Microbiology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - L.-Y. Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Tetard MC, Vermandel M, Mordon S, Lejeune JP, Reyns N. Experimental use of photodynamic therapy in high grade gliomas: a review focused on 5-aminolevulinic acid. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:319-30. [PMID: 24905843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of a laser light exposure of tumor cells photosensitized by general or local administration of a pharmacological agent. Nowadays, PDT is a clinically established modality for treatment of many cancers. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has proven its rational in fluoro-guided resection of malignant gliomas due to a selective tumor uptake and minimal skin sensitization. Moreover, the relatively specific accumulation of photosensitizing PPIX within the tumor cells has gained interest in the PDT of malignant gliomas. Several experimental and clinical studies have then established ALA-PDT as a valuable adjuvant therapy in the management of malignant gliomas. However, the procedure still requires optimizations in the fields of tissue oxygenation status, photosensitizer concentration or scheme of laser light illumination. In this extensive review, we focused on the methods and results of ALA-PDT for treating malignant gliomas in experimental conditions. The biological mechanisms, the effects on tumor and normal brain tissue, and finally the critical issues to optimize the efficacy of ALA-PDT were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Tetard
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
| | - Maximilien Vermandel
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France.
| | | | - Jean-Paul Lejeune
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
| | - Nicolas Reyns
- University Hospital of Lille - CHRU, Lille F59000, France; Université de Lille 2, Lille F59000, France; Inserm, U703 - ThIAIS, Loos F59120, France
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Ma L, Xiang LH, Yu B, Yin R, Chen L, Wu Y, Tan ZJ, Liu YB, Tian HQ, Li HZ, Lin T, Wang XL, Li YH, Wang WZ, Yang HL, Lai W. Low-dose topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in the treatment of different severity of acne vulgaris. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:583-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Haupt S, Malik Z, Ehrenberg B. Comparative kinetics of damage to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes by intra-cellularly synthesized and externally-provided photosensitizers using multi-color FACS. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 13:38-47. [PMID: 24173598 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer involves inflicting lethal damage to the cells of malignant tumors, primarily by singlet oxygen that is generated following light-absorption in a photosensitizer molecule. Dysfunction of cells is manifested in many ways, including peroxidation of cellular components, membrane rupture, depolarization of electric potentials, termination of mitochondrial activity, onset of apoptosis and necrosis and eventually cell lysis. These events do not necessarily occur in linear fashion and different types of damage to cell components occur, most probably, in parallel. In this report we measured the relative rates of damage to two cellular membranes: the plasma membrane and the mitochondrial membrane. We employed photosensitizers of diverse hydrophobicities and used different incubation procedures, which lead to their different intra-cellular localizations. We monitored the damage that was inflicted on these membranes, by employing optical probes of membrane integrity, in a multi-color FACS experiment. The potentiometric indicator JC-1 monitored the electric cross-membrane potential of the mitochondria and the fluorometric indicator Draq7 monitored the rupture of the plasma membrane. We show that the electric depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the damage to the enveloping plasma membrane proceed with different kinetics that reflect the molecular character and intracellular location of the sensitizer: PpIX that is synthesized in the cells from ALA causes rapid mitochondrial damage and very slow damage to the plasma membrane, while externally added PpIX has an opposite effect. The hydrophilic sensitizer HypS4 can be taken up by the cells by different incubation conditions, and these affect its intracellular location, and as a consequence either the plasma membrane or the mitochondria is damaged first. A similar correlation was found for additional extracellularly-provided photosensitizers HP and PpIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Haupt
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Udartseva OO, Andreeva ER, Buravkova LB. Accumulation and elimination of photosens and protoporphyrin IX by different types of mesenchymal cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 155:568-71. [PMID: 24143387 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the kinetics of accumulation and elimination of Photosens and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in macrophages, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells of the human adipose tissue in vitro. In all studied cells, the dynamics of Photosens accumulation was described by a multiphase curve and the maximum accumulation of the dye was observed during the second exponential phase. Elimination of Photosens did not depend on the cell function. Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX differed considerably in different cells: it was maximum in mesenchymal stromal cells was practically not detected in endothelial cells. Accumulation of the dye by macrophages depended on individual donor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Udartseva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Saha S, Majumdar R, Hussain A, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Biotin-conjugated tumour-targeting photocytotoxic iron(III) complexes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120190. [PMID: 23776297 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron(III) complexes [FeL(B)] (1-4) of a tetradentate phenolate-based ligand (H3L) and biotin-conjugated dipyridophenazine bases (B), viz. 7-aminodipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c]-phenazine (dppza in 1), (N-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]-phenazino)amidobiotin (dppzNB in 2), dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c]-phenazine-11-carboxylic acid (dppzc in 3) and 2-((2-biotinamido)ethyl) amido-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]-phenazine (dppzCB in 4) are prepared, characterized and their interaction with streptavidin and DNA and their photocytotoxicity and cellular uptake in various cells studied. The high-spin iron(III) complexes display Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple near -0.7 V versus saturated calomel electrode in dimethyl sulfoxide-0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. The complexes show non-specific interaction with DNA as determined from the binding studies. Complexes with appended biotin moiety show similar binding to streptavidin as that of free biotin, suggesting biotin conjugation to dppz does not cause any loss in its binding affinity to streptavidin. The photocytotoxicity of the complexes is tested in HepG2, HeLa and HEK293 cell lines. Complex 2 shows higher photocytotoxicity in HepG2 cells than in HeLa or HEK293, forming reactive oxygen species. This effect is attributed to the presence of overexpressed sodium-dependent multi-vitamin transporters in HepG2 cells. Microscopic studies in HepG2 cells show internalization of the biotin complexes 2 and 4 essentially occurring by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is similar to that of native biotin and biotin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounik Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Juzeniene A, Iani V, Moan J. Clearance mechanism of protoporphyrin IX from mouse skin after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:538-45. [PMID: 24284108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or its esters mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the most widely practiced form of PDT in dermatology. One of its advantages is that undesirable photosensitization lasts only for 24-48 h. In order to optimize ALA-PDT it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of intracellular production and clearance of PpIX (efflux from cells into blood stream and/or its conversion into haem). The aim of this study is to investigate the factors controlling the clearance of intracellular PpIX from healthy skin of mice. METHODS PpIX was induced in mouse skin by topical or systemic application of ALA or by topical application of the iron chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study PpIX kinetics in alive and dead skin. RESULTS Topical application of ALA or EDTA leads to porphyrin production in living skin, but not in excised skin. The clearance rates of PpIX from alive and dead skin were the same in the absence of an intracellular ALA pool. The clearance half-life of EDTA-induced PpIX was 4-7 times longer than that of PpIX after application of ALA. CONCLUSIONS Skin temperature and intracellular iron availability strongly affect PpIX clearance, while ALA application mode (topical versus systemic) and skin viability (dead versus alive) have no influence on PpIX decay. These results demonstrate that the clearance kinetics of PpIX from skin are determined mostly by the conversion of PpIX into haem, while the cellular efflux of PpIX into blood plays a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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The inhibition of ferrochelatase enhances 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic action for prostate cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:399-409. [PMID: 24284092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-dependent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), ALA-photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced cell death and enhanced efficiency by a ferrochelatase inhibitor in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. METHODS The accumulation of ALA-induced PpIX in PC-3 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy and measured by flow cytometry analysis. The efficiency of ALA-PDT was analyzed by flow cytometry and assessed by cell death, caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential. The ALA-PDT-promoting effects of ferrochelatase inhibitors, such as deferoxamine and NOC-18, were also analyzed. We confirmed the results obtained in vivo with an animal model using nude mice. RESULTS ALA-induced PpIX accumulation increased in time- and ALA concentration-dependent manners. ALA-PDT decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cell death occurred by both apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of ferrochelatase by deferoxamine and NOC-18 led to increase of PpIX accumulation and enhanced effect of ALA-PDT in PC-3 cells. In vivo, the degeneration of tumor tissue by ALA-PDT was observed within a broader range and led to apoptosis and necrosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated ALA-PDT induced PC-3 cell death by the mechanisms of both necrosis and apoptosis through a caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of ferrochelatase enhanced these effects, suggesting that ferrochelatase played an important role in ALA-PDT. ALA-PDT could be a new modality for focal therapy of prostate cancer.
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Lahiri D, Majumdar R, Mallick D, Goswami TK, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Remarkable photocytotoxicity in hypoxic HeLa cells by a dipyridophenazine copper(II) Schiff base thiolate. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1086-94. [PMID: 21726772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes [Cu(satp)(L)] (1-3) of a Schiff base thiolate (salicylidene-2-aminothiophenol, H2satp) and phenanthroline bases (L), viz. 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 2) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz in 3), were prepared, characterized and their anaerobic DNA photocleavage activity and hypoxic photocytotoxicity studied. The redox active complexes show the Cu(II)-Cu(I) couple near -0.5 V for 1 and near 0.0 V vs. SCE (saturated calomel electrode) for 2 and 3. The one-electron paramagnetic complexes (~1.85 μB) are avid DNA binders giving Kb values within 1.0×10(5)-8.0×10(5) M(-1). Thermal melting and viscosity data along with molecular docking calculations suggest DNA groove and/or partial intercalative binding of the complexes. The complexes show anaerobic DNA cleavage activity in red light under argon via type-I pathway, while DNA photocleavage in air proceeds via hydroxyl radical pathway. The DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal a thyil radical pathway for the anaerobic DNA photocleavage activity and suggest the possibility of generation of a transient copper(I) species due to bond breakage between the copper and sulfur to generate the thyil radical. An oxidation of the copper(I) species is likely by oxygen in an aerobic medium or by the buffer medium in an anaerobic condition. Complex 3 exhibits significant photocytotoxicity in HeLa cells (IC50=8.3(±1.0) μM) in visible light, while showing lower dark toxicity (IC50=17.2(±1.0) μM). A significant reduction in the dark toxicity is observed under hypoxic cellular conditions (IC50=30.0(±1.0) μM in dark), while retaining its photocytotoxicity (IC50=8.0(±1.0) μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Lahiri
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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Cai H, Gu Y, Sun Q, Zeng J, Dong N, Zhao G. Effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:90-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han IS, Kang MY, Kim MK, Kim JC. Enhancing Skin Delivery of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid with Transferosome Using Lyso-Phospholipid and Surfactant. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2011. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2011.41.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hossain MK, Subedi RK, Chun MK, Kim EJ, Moon HS, Choi HK. Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System for Galantamine. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2011. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2011.41.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kwitniewski M, Moan J, Juzeniene A. Metabolic-targeted therapy with dichloroacetate (DCA): a novel treatment strategy to improve the outcome of photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:25-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Intraoperative 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced fluorescence in meningiomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010; 152:1711-9. [PMID: 20535506 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has gained importance as an intraoperative photodynamic diagnostic agent for the extirpation of malignant gliomas. The application of this technique for resection of meningiomas has barely been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence as a visual tool in meningioma resection and its correlation with histological findings. METHODS A total of 33 consecutive patients undergoing resection of intracranial meningiomas from December 2007 to August 2009 were included in this study. After confirmation of normal liver function, 5-ALA was administered orally (20 mg/kg) within 3-5 h prior to skin incision. All cases were operated on using standard microsurgical and neuronavigation-guided techniques. Intraoperative 440 nm fluorescence was applied periodically during and at the end of resection in order to detect tumor-infiltrated sites. The fluorescence of the tumor was evaluated intraoperatively by the surgeon and confirmed by subsequent video analysis. RESULTS A total of 32 (97%) patients presented with benign meningiomas (WHO I-II). In 1 (3%) patient, histological anaplastic signs (WHO III) could be demonstrated. 5-ALA-induced fluorescence of the tumor was confirmed in a total of 31 (94%) patients. The fluorescence did not correlate with the histological findings (n = 30 WHO I-II, n = 1 WHO grade III) or with preoperative brain edema and administration of steroids. A total resection could be postoperatively demonstrated in 25 (76%) patients. No adverse effects attributable to 5-ALA occurred. CONCLUSIONS 5-ALA-induced fluorescence is a useful and promising intraoperative tool for the visualization of meningioma tissue. The novel findings demonstrated in this study in terms of high fluorescence and poor correlation with histological findings highlight the usefulness of this technique as a routine visual tool to achieve optimal resection of meningiomas.
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Lahiri D, Bhowmick T, Banik B, Railkar R, Ramakumar S, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Photocytotoxic and anaerobic DNA cleavage activity of binuclear 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid cobalt(II) complexes having phenanthroline bases. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lahiri D, Roy S, Saha S, Majumdar R, Dighe RR, Chakravarty AR. Anaerobic DNA cleavage activity in red light and photocytotoxicity of (pyridine-2-thiol)cobalt(iii) complexes of phenanthroline bases. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1807-16. [DOI: 10.1039/b917860k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Juzeniene A, Juzenas P, Moan J. Application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives for photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 635:97-106. [PMID: 20552342 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-697-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the most widely used form of PDT in clinical practice. Topical application of ALA leads to overproduction of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). ALA-PDT is efficient treatment of superficial skin lesions, but not for thicker lesions. The main reason for this is suboptimal penetration of ALA molecules through cellular membranes and through stratum corneum of intact skin. Different approaches (formulations, mechanical and physical penetration enhancers, ALA derivatives) are currently used to increase the penetration. The content and distribution of ALA intracellularly and in tissues is difficult to measure, but PpIX content, on a relative scale, can be easily measured by fluorimetric assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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Valdés PA, Samkoe K, O'Hara JA, Roberts DW, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW. Deferoxamine iron chelation increases delta-aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX in xenograft glioma model. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 86:471-5. [PMID: 20003159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) leads to selective accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in brain tumors, and has shown promising results in increasing extent of resection in fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) of brain tumors. However, this approach still suffers from heterogeneous staining and so some tumor margins may go undetected because of this variation in PpIX production. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that iron chelation therapy could increase the level of fluorescence in malignant glioma tumors. Mice implanted with xenograft U251-GFP glioma tumor cells were given a 200 mg kg(-1) dose of deferoxamine (DFO), once a day for 3 days prior to delta-ALA administration. The PpIX fluorescence observed in the tumor regions was 1.9 times the background in animal group without DFO, and 2.9 times the background on average, in the DFO pre-treated group. A 50% increase in PpIX fluorescence contrast in the DFO group was observed relative to the control group (t-test P-value = 0.0020). These results indicate that iron chelation therapy could significantly increase delta-ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence in malignant gliomas, pointing to a potential role of iron chelation therapy for more effective FGR of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Valdés
- Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Rodriguez L, de Bruijn HS, Di Venosa G, Mamone L, Robinson DJ, Juarranz A, Batlle A, Casas A. Porphyrin synthesis from aminolevulinic acid esters in endothelial cells and its role in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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New aspects in photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:159-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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