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Hashem MA, Mahmoud EA, Abd-Allah NA. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters and DNA status in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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Wang H, Tampio AJF, Xu Y, Nicholas BD, Ren D. Noninvasive Control of Bacterial Biofilms by Wireless Electrostimulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:727-738. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Alex J. F. Tampio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, 241 Campus West, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Brian D. Nicholas
- Department of Otolaryngology, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, 241 Campus West, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 110 Life Sciences Complex, 107 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Stein EJ, Perkons NR, Wildenberg JC, Iyer SK, Hunt SJ, Nadolski GJ, Witschey WR, Gade TP. MR Imaging Enables Real-Time Monitoring of In Vitro Electrolytic Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 31:352-361. [PMID: 31748127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the capability of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor electrolytic ablation-induced cell death in real time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agarose phantoms arranged as an electrolytic cell were exposed to varying quantities of electric charge under constant current to create a pH series. The pH phantoms were subjected to T2-weighted imaging with region of interest quantitation of the acquired signal intensity. Subsequently, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells encapsulated in an agarose gel matrix were subjected to 10 V of electrolytic ablation for variable lengths of time with and without concurrent T2-weighted MR imaging. Cellular death was confirmed by a fluorescent reporter. Finally, to confirm that real-time MR images corresponded to ablation zones, 10 V electrolytic ablations were performed followed by the addition of pH-neutralizing 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer. RESULTS Analysis of MR imaging from agarose gel pH phantoms demonstrated a relationship between signal intensity and pH at the anodes and cathodes. The steep negative phase of the anode model (pH < 3.55) and global minimum of the cathode model (pH ≈ 11.62) closely approximated established cytotoxic pH levels. T2-weighted MR imaging demonstrated a strong correlation of ablation zones with regions of HCC cell death (r = 0.986; R2 = 0.916; P < .0001). The addition of HEPES buffer to the hydrogel resulted in complete obliteration of MR imaging-observed ablation zones, confirming that change in pH directly caused the observed signal intensity attenuation of the ablation zone. CONCLUSIONS T2-weighted MR imaging enabled the real-time detection of electrolytic ablation zones, demonstrating a strong correlation with histologic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Stein
- Department of Radiology, Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas R Perkons
- Department of Radiology, Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph C Wildenberg
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Srikant K Iyer
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter R Witschey
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence P Gade
- Department of Radiology, Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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González MM, Morales DF, Cabrales LEB, Pérez DJ, Montijano JI, Castañeda ARS, González VGS, Posada OO, Martínez JA, Delgado AG, Martínez KG, Mon ML, Monzón KL, Ciria HMC, Beatón EO, Brooks SCA, González TR, Jarque MV, Mateus MAÓ, Rodríguez JLG, Calzado EM. Dose-response study for the highly aggressive and metastatic primary F3II mammary carcinoma under direct current. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:460-475. [PMID: 29870083 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment has been suggested as an effective alternative to local cancer therapy. Nevertheless, its effectiveness decreases when highly aggressive primary tumors are treated. The aim of this research was to understand the growth kinetics of the highly aggressive and metastatic primary F3II tumor growing in male and female BALB/c/Cenp mice under electrochemical treatment. Different amounts of electric charge (6, 9, and 18 C) were used. Two electrodes were inserted into the base, perpendicular to the tumor's long axis, keeping about 1 cm distance between them. Results have shown that the F3II tumor is highly sensitive to direct current. The overall effectiveness (complete response + partial response) of this physical agent was ≥75.0% and observed in 59.3% (16/27) of treated F3II tumors. Complete remission of treated tumors was observed in 22.2% (6/27). An unexpected result was the death of 11 direct current-treated animals (eight females and three males). It is concluded that direct current may be addressed to significantly affect highly aggressive and metastatic primary tumor growth kinetics, including the tumor complete response. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:460-475, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraelys M González
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Dasha F Morales
- Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Luis E B Cabrales
- Departamento de Investigación e Innovación, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Daniel J Pérez
- Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Juan I Montijano
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Matemáticas y Aplicaciones, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Antonio R S Castañeda
- Departamento de Telecomunicaciones, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | | | - Oscar O Posada
- Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Mayrel L Mon
- Centro de Inmunología Molecular, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Héctor M C Ciria
- Departamento de Investigación e Innovación, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Emilia O Beatón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Soraida C A Brooks
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Tamara R González
- Dirección Municipal de Salud Pública, Servicio de Genética, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Manuel V Jarque
- Servicio de Oncohematología, Hospital Dr. Antonio Béguez César, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Miguel A Ó Mateus
- Servicio de Mastología, Hospital Oncológico Conrado Benítez, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Jorge L G Rodríguez
- Departamento de Investigación e Innovación, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Enaide M Calzado
- Departamento de Telecomunicaciones, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
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Holandino C, Teixeira CAA, de Oliveira FAG, Barbosa GM, Siqueira CM, Messeder DJ, de Aguiar FS, da Veiga VF, Girard-Dias W, Miranda K, Galina A, Capella MAM, Morales MM. Direct electric current treatment modifies mitochondrial function and lipid body content in the A549 cancer cell line. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 111:83-92. [PMID: 27243447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical therapy (EChT) entails treatment of solid tumors with direct electric current (DC). This work evaluated the specific effects of anodic flow generated by DC on biochemical and metabolic features of the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Apoptosis was evaluated on the basis of caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation. Cell morphology was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and lipid droplets were studied through morphometric analysis and X-ray qualitative elemental microanalysis. High-resolution respirometry was used to assess mitochondrial respiratory parameters. Results indicated A549 viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a prominent drop between 18 and 24h after treatment (p<0.001), together with a two-fold increase in caspase-3 activity. AF-treatment induced a significantly increase (p<0.01) in the cell number with disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Furthermore, treated cells demonstrated important ultrastructural mitochondria damage and a three-fold increase in the cytoplasmic lipid bodies' number, quantified by morphometrical analyses. Conversely, 24h after treatment, the cells presented a two-fold increase of residual oxygen consumption, accounting for 45.3% of basal oxygen consumption. These results show remarkable alterations promoted by anodic flow on human lung cancer cells which are possibly involved with the antitumoral effects of EChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Holandino
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Augusto Antunes Teixeira
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Alves Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gleyce Moreno Barbosa
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Monteiro Siqueira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Jardim Messeder
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, CCS, Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Venicio Feo da Veiga
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wendell Girard-Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, CCS, Federal University do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Marcos Morales
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Synergistic Combination of Electrolysis and Electroporation for Tissue Ablation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148317. [PMID: 26866693 PMCID: PMC4750947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrolysis, electrochemotherapy with reversible electroporation, nanosecond pulsed electric fields and irreversible electroporation are valuable non-thermal electricity based tissue ablation technologies. This paper reports results from the first large animal study of a new non-thermal tissue ablation technology that employs "Synergistic electrolysis and electroporation" (SEE). The goal of this pre-clinical study is to expand on earlier studies with small animals and use the pig liver to establish SEE treatment parameters of clinical utility. We examined two SEE methods. One of the methods employs multiple electrochemotherapy-type reversible electroporation magnitude pulses, designed in such a way that the charge delivered during the electroporation pulses generates the electrolytic products. The second SEE method combines the delivery of a small number of electrochemotherapy magnitude electroporation pulses with a low voltage electrolysis generating DC current in three different ways. We show that both methods can produce lesion with dimensions of clinical utility, without the need to inject drugs as in electrochemotherapy, faster than with conventional electrolysis and with lower electric fields than irreversible electroporation and nanosecond pulsed ablation.
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Ge BH, Weber CN, Wildenberg JC, Nadolski GJ, Gade TP, Hunt SJ, Soulen MC, Itkin M. Magnetic Resonance-Monitored Coaxial Electrochemical Ablation--Preliminary Evaluation of Technical Feasibility. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [PMID: 26210247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the technical feasibility of a coaxial electrode configuration to rapidly create a mechanically defined electrochemical ablation zone monitored by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in real time. MATERIALS AND METHODS A direct current generator supplied the nitinol cathode cage and central platinum anode for coaxial electrochemical ablation. Safety and efficacy were evaluated by measuring local pH, temperature, and current scatter in saline solutions. Ablation zone diameters of 3-6 cm (n = 72) were created on ex vivo bovine liver and verified by gross pathology. Feasibility of MR monitoring was evaluated using 8 swine livers to create ablations of 3 cm (n = 12), 4 cm (n = 4), and 5 cm (n = 4) verified by histology. RESULTS Local pH was 3.2 at the anode and 13.8 at the cathode. Current scatter was negligible. Ablation progress increased relative to local ion concentration, and MR signal changes corresponded to histologic findings. In the ex vivo model, the times to achieve complete ablation were 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 35 minutes, and 40 minutes for diameters of 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm, respectively. Ablation times for the in situ model were 15 minutes, 35 minutes, and 50 minutes for 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The coaxial configuration mechanically defined the electrochemical ablation zone with times similar to comparably sized thermal ablations. MR compatibility allowed for real-time monitoring of ablation progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Ge
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| | - Charles N Weber
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph C Wildenberg
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Terence P Gade
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael C Soulen
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Meir A, Rubinsky B. Electrical impedance tomography of electrolysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126332. [PMID: 26039686 PMCID: PMC4454594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of this study is to explore the hypothesis that changes in pH during electrolysis can be detected with Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). The study has relevance to real time control of minimally invasive surgery with electrolytic ablation. To investigate the hypothesis, we compare EIT reconstructed images to optical images acquired using pH-sensitive dyes embedded in a physiological saline agar gel phantom treated with electrolysis. We further demonstrate the biological relevance of our work using a bacterial E.Coli model, grown on the phantom. The results demonstrate the ability of EIT to image pH changes in a physiological saline phantom and show that these changes correlate with cell death in the E.coli model. The results are promising, and invite further experimental explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Meir
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Meir A, Hjouj M, Rubinsky L, Rubinsky B. Magnetic resonance imaging of electrolysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8095. [PMID: 25659942 PMCID: PMC4321173 DOI: 10.1038/srep08095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the hypothesis that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can image the process of electrolysis by detecting pH fronts. The study has relevance to real time control of cell ablation with electrolysis. To investigate the hypothesis we compare the following MR imaging sequences: T1 weighted, T2 weighted and Proton Density (PD), with optical images acquired using pH-sensitive dyes embedded in a physiological saline agar solution phantom treated with electrolysis and discrete measurements with a pH microprobe. We further demonstrate the biological relevance of our work using a bacterial E. Coli model, grown on the phantom. The results demonstrate the ability of MRI to image electrolysis produced pH changes in a physiological saline phantom and show that these changes correlate with cell death in the E. Coli model grown on the phantom. The results are promising and invite further experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Meir
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mohammad Hjouj
- Medical Imaging Department; Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University/Abu Dies/Jerusalem
| | - Liel Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- 1] Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Phillips M, Rubinsky L, Meir A, Raju N, Rubinsky B. Combining Electrolysis and Electroporation for Tissue Ablation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2014; 14:395-410. [PMID: 25416745 DOI: 10.1177/1533034614560102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolytic ablation is a method that operates by delivering low magnitude direct current to the target region over long periods of time, generating electrolytic products that destroy cells. This study was designed to explore the hypothesis stating that electrolytic ablation can be made more effective when the electrolysis-producing electric charges are delivered using electric pulses with field strength typical in reversible electroporation protocols. (For brevity we will refer to tissue ablation protocols that combine electroporation and electrolysis as E(2).) The mechanistic explanation of this hypothesis is related to the idea that products of electrolysis generated by E(2) protocols can gain access to the interior of the cell through the electroporation permeabilized cell membrane and therefore cause more effective cell death than from the exterior of an intact cell. The goal of this study is to provide a first-order examination of this hypothesis by comparing the charge dosage required to cause a comparable level of damage to a rat liver, in vivo, when using either conventional electrolysis or E(2) approaches. Our results show that E(2) protocols produce tissue damage that is consistent with electrolytic ablation. Furthermore, E(2) protocols cause damage comparable to that produced by conventional electrolytic protocols while delivering orders of magnitude less charge to the target tissue over much shorter periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Phillips
- Department of Engineering, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Liel Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arie Meir
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Narayan Raju
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Inc, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Jiménez RP, Pupo AEB, Cabrales JMB, Joa JAG, Cabrales LEB, Nava JJG, Aguilera AR, Mateus MAO, Jarque MV, Brooks SCA. 3D Stationary electric current density in a spherical tumor treated with low direct current: An analytical solution. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 32:120-30. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gravante G, Ong SL, Metcalfe MS, Bhardwaj N, Maddern GJ, Lloyd DM, Dennison AR. Experimental application of electrolysis in the treatment of liver and pancreatic tumours: principles, preclinical and clinical observations and future perspectives. Surg Oncol 2010; 20:106-20. [PMID: 20045634 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrolytic ablation (EA) is a treatment that destroys tissues through electrochemical changes in the local microenvironment. This review examined studies using EA for the treatment of liver and pancreatic tumours, in order to define the characteristics that could endow the technique with specific advantages compared with other ablative modalities. METHODS Literature search of all studies focusing on liver and pancreas EA. RESULTS A specific advantage of EA is its safety even when conducted close to major vessels, while a disadvantage is the longer ablation times compared to more frequently employed techniques. Bimodal electric tissue ablation modality combines radiofrequency with EA and produced significant larger ablation zones compared to EA or radiofrequency alone, reducing the time required for ablation. Pancreatic EA has been investigated in experimental studies that confirmed similar advantages to those found with liver ablation, but has never been evaluated on patients. Furthermore, few clinical studies examined the results of liver EA in the short-term but there is no appropriate follow-up to confirm any survival advantage. CONCLUSIONS EA is a safe technique with the potential to treat lesions close to major vessels. Specific clinical studies are required to confirm the technique's safety and eventually demonstrate a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gravante
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Miklavčič D, Šemrov D, Valenčič V, Serša G, Vodovnik L. Tumor Treatment by Direct Electric Current: Computation of Electric Current and Power Density Distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379709009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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von Euler H, Nilsson E, Lagerstedt AS, Olsson JM. Development of A Dose-Planning Method for Electrochemical Treatment of Tumors: A Study of Mammary Tissue in Healthy Female CD Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379909012903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Berendson J, Olsson JM. Bioelectrochemical Aspects of the Treatment of Tissue with Direct Current. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379809012883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Schaefer N, Schafer H, Maintz D, Wagner M, Overhaus M, Hoelscher AH, Türler A. Efficacy of direct electrical current therapy and laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy in local treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases: an experimental model in the rat. J Surg Res 2007; 146:230-40. [PMID: 17689564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local antitumoral therapy of metastases is an important tool in the palliative treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Several authors have recently reported on successful local treatment of different malignant diseases with low-level direct current therapy. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of direct current therapy with the established laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) on experimental colorectal liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colorectal metastases were induced in 49 BD IX rats by injection of colon cancer cells beneath the liver capsule. Three weeks after induction, tumor volumes and sizes were estimated with magnetic resonance imaging and by manual measurement of the largest tumor diameter, and two treatment groups and two control groups were established. Direct current (80 C/cm(3)) versus LITT (2 W; 5 to 10 min) was locally applied via laparotomy. Control groups were sham treated. Tumor growth was analyzed 5 wk after therapy by manual measurement of the maximal diameter and histopathological examination was performed. RESULTS Measurement of tumor sizes 5 wk after therapy confirmed a significant antitumoral effect of direct current (1.6-fold tumor enlargement) and of LITT (1.3-fold tumor enlargement), compared with controls (2.8-fold and 2.9-fold tumor enlargement). However, after 5 wk, LITT was significantly more effective in limiting tumor growth than direct current treatment (P </= 0,001). Histopathological analysis revealed a complete response rate of 21% and a partial response rate of 77% in the electric current group. In comparison, LITT treated livers showed a complete response rate of 22% and a partial response rate of 78% (n.s.). CONCLUSIONS The data confirm that direct current therapy and LITT are effective treatment strategies in the palliative control of colorectal hepatic metastases, with both therapies being equally effective in inducing a complete or partial tumor necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schaefer
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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von Euler H, Stråhle K, Thörne A, Yongqing G. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat mammary cancer after electrochemical treatment (EChT). Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 62:57-65. [PMID: 14990326 PMCID: PMC7129577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2003] [Revised: 08/25/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several authors have recently reported encouraging results from Electrochemical treatment (EChT) in malignant tumours. However, EChT is not established and mechanisms are not completely understood. In vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the toxic changes and effectiveness of EChT on an animal tumour model. Methods: Tumours were induced by injecting cells from the R3230AC rat mammary tumour cell line clone D subcutaneously, in 28 female Fischer 344 rats. EChT was conducted by inserting a platinum electrode into the tumours. The positive and negative control groups were subjected to the same conditions but without current. The rats were kept for 0, 7 or 14 days post-treatment. Three hours prior to euthanasia an i.p. injection of Bromodioxyuridine (BrdU) was given. The rats were euthanized, the lesions extirpated and samples were collected for histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Significant changes in cell proliferation rate were seen both in the cathode and anode regions. Apoptosis were induced in the anodic treated area outside the primary necrosis, detected with the TUNEL method. Discussion: The results suggest that secondary cell destruction was caused by necrosis with cathodic EChT and apoptosis or necrosis with anodic EChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H von Euler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7037, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Finch JG, Fosh BG, Anthony AA, Texler M, Pearson S, Dennison AR, Maddern GJ. The use of a “Liquid” electrode in hepatic electrolysis. J Surg Res 2004; 120:272-7. [PMID: 15234223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2004.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of direct current electrolysis as a local nonthermal ablative technique for colorectal liver metastases promises to be a simple, safe, and effective therapy. Under general anesthesia, electrolysis is presently limited to tumors smaller than 5 cm, due to the protracted nature of its administration. In an attempt to enhance the effect of electrolysis, a direct current was passed through a preinjected bolus of acetic acid. METHODS The effect of a combination of electrolysis and an injection of acetic acid was tested in the liver of eight normal pigs. The volumes of necrosis caused were analyzed. RESULTS Acetic acid independently produced a volume of necrosis but did not provide a volumetric or rate advantage when used in combination with a direct current. Statistically, the only main effect on the volume of necrosis was a result of electrolysis. CONCLUSION The use of 50% acetic acid to augment the efficacy of direct current electrolysis cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guy Finch
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
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von Euler H, Olsson JM, Hultenby K, Thörne A, Lagerstedt AS. Animal models for treatment of unresectable liver tumours: a histopathologic and ultra-structural study of cellular toxic changes after electrochemical treatment in rat and dog liver. Bioelectrochemistry 2003; 59:89-98. [PMID: 12699824 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5394(03)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrochemical treatment (EChT) has been taken under serious consideration as being one of several techniques for local treatment of malignancies. The advantage of EChT is the minimal invasive approach and the absence of serious side effects. Macroscopic, histopathological and ultra-structural findings in liver following a four-electrode configuration (dog) and a two-electrode EChT design (dog and rat) were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats and four female beagle dogs were studied with EChT using Platinum:Iridium electrodes and the delivered dose was 5, 10 or 90 C (As). After EChT, the animals were euthanized. RESULTS The distribution of the lesions was predictable, irrespective of dose and electrode configuration. Destruction volumes were found to fit into a logarithmic curve (dose-response). Histopathological examination confirmed a spherical (rat) and cylindrical/ellipsoidal (dog) lesion. The type of necrosis differed due to electrode polarity. Ultra-structural analysis showed distinct features of cell damage depending on the distance from the electrode. Histopathological and ultra-structural examination demonstrated that the liver tissue close to the border of the lesion displayed a normal morphology. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo dose-planning model is reliable, even in species with larger tissue mass such as dogs. A multi-electrode EChT-design could obtain predictable lesions. The cellular toxicity following EChT is clearly identified and varies with the distance from the electrode and polarity. The distinct border between the lesion and normal tissue suggests that EChT in a clinical setting for the treatment of liver tumours can give a reliable destruction margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik von Euler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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Jarm T, Cemazar M, Steinberg F, Streffer C, Sersa G, Miklavcic D. Perturbation of blood flow as a mechanism of anti-tumour action of direct current electrotherapy. Physiol Meas 2003; 24:75-90. [PMID: 12636188 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/24/1/306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumour effects of direct current electrotherapy are attributed to different mechanisms depending on the electrode configuration and on the parameters of electric current. The effects mostly arise from the electrochemical products of electrolysis. Direct toxicity of these products to tumour tissue is, however, not a plausible explanation for the observed tumour growth retardation in the case when the electrodes are placed into healthy tissue surrounding the tumour and not into the tumour itself. The hypothesis that the anti-tumour effectiveness of electrotherapy could result from disturbed blood flow in tumours was tested by the measurement of changes in blood perfusion and oxygenation in tumours with three different methods (in vivo tissue staining with Patent Blue Violet dye, polarographic oximetry, near-infrared spectroscopy). The effects induced by electrotherapy were evaluated in two experimental tumour models: Sa-1 fibrosarcoma in A/J mice and LPB fibrosarcoma in C57B1/6 mice. We found that perfusion and oxygenation were significantly decreased after electrotherapy. Good agreement between the results of different methods was observed. The effect of electrotherapy on local perfusion of tumours is probably the prevalent mechanism of anti-tumour action for the particular type of electrotherapy used in the study. The importance of this effect should be considered for the optimization of electrotherapy protocols in experimental and clinical trials. The non-invasive technique of near-infrared spectroscopy proved to be a reliable method for detecting perfusion and oxygenation changes in small solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Jarm
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ghannam MM, El-Gebaly RH, Gaber MH, Ali FM. INHIBITION OF EHRLICH TUMOR GROWTH IN MICE BY ELECTRIC INTERFERENCE THERAPY (IN VIVO STUDIES). Electromagn Biol Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/jbc-120015999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Huang A, McCall JM, Weston MD, Mathur P, Quinn H, Henderson DC, Allen-Mersh TG. Phase I study of percutaneous cryotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis. Br J Surg 2002; 89:303-10. [PMID: 11872054 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.02004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to determine the safety and feasibility of percutaneous cryotherapy for treating irresectable colorectal liver metastases. METHODS Liquid nitrogen cryoprobes were inserted percutaneously into metastases using the Seldinger technique under computed tomographic guidance. Single-probe treatments were performed with either 3.6- or 6.3-mm cryoprobes (ice-ball volumes 18 and 59 cm3 respectively), or dual-probe treatments with two adjacent 6.3-mm probes (ice-ball volume 205 cm3). Treatment involved a single freeze--thaw cycle. RESULTS Fifteen patients received 25 single-probe treatments and seven patients received 14 dual-probe treatments. The treatment-related mortality rate was zero and complications occurred after six of 39 treatments. Liver metastasis growth was significantly delayed for 2 months after dual-probe but not single-probe treatment. Metastasis cryotherapy stimulated an immediate rise, followed by a fall, in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, associated with immune upregulation that was significantly greater after dual-probe treatments. CONCLUSION Ablation zones that were approximately four times larger than those produced by previously described percutaneous techniques delayed the growth of metastases, reduced serum CEA concentration, and induced detectable inflammatory and T-lymphocyte responses. Percutaneous cryotherapy for treatment of colorectal liver metastases is feasible and may have a place in conjunction with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Chelsea, UK.
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23
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von Euler H, Nilsson E, Olsson JM, Lagerstedt AS. Electrochemical treatment (EChT) effects in rat mammary and liver tissue. In vivo optimizing of a dose-planning model for EChT of tumours. Bioelectrochemistry 2001; 54:117-24. [PMID: 11694391 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5394(01)00118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reinvented technique for tumour therapy, electrochemical treatment (EChT), is attracting increasing attention. This study compared results from treatment of liver and mammary tissue focusing on destruction and pH changes in the tissue close to the treatment electrodes. Subsequently, data were compared with a dose-planning model. METHODS Mammary or liver tissue in 50 adult female Sprague Dawley rats was given EChT with a constant, direct current. The electrodes used were Pt/Ir (9:1) with spherical tips. In situ pH measurements were taken with a micro-combination glass electrode. RESULTS Spherical lesions were produced in both liver and mammary tissue. No significant difference was detected when comparing the size of the lesions in the two kinds of tissue. Similar pH profiles were obtained in tissue surrounding the electrodes, with pH values changing rapidly from unphysiological to neutral status within the space of a few millimetres. The pH at the border of the macroscopic destruction zone, regardless of tissue type or coulomb dosage, correlated well with specific values (4.5-5.5 at the anode and between 9 and 10 at the cathode). CONCLUSION The analogous destruction patterns in mammary and liver tissue support the hypothesis that EChT has similar results in at least these two different types of tissue. This implies that the destructive pattern caused by the treatment may be the same also in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- H von Euler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7037, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Nilsson E, Fontes E. Mathematical modelling of physicochemical reactions and transport processes occurring around a platinum cathode during the electrochemical treatment of tumours. Bioelectrochemistry 2001; 53:213-24. [PMID: 11339310 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(01)00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical treatment (EChT) of tumours is an anti-tumour therapy in which a continuous direct current is applied to electrodes, placed in or near a tumour. Promising results have been reported from clinical trials in China, where more than 10,000 patients have been treated with EChT during the past 10 years. Before clinical trials can be conducted outside of China, a reliable dose-planning strategy has to be developed. One approach in achieving this is the use of physicochemical simulation models. A simplified mathematical model of the physicochemical processes, occurring around a spherical platinum cathode during EChT, is developed and visualized in three steps in this paper. In the final step, tissue is treated as an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, containing a bicarbonate buffer system and organic constituents susceptible to reactions with hydroxyl ions. This model is shown to give a good description of the pH profile obtained around the cathode after EChT. The simulation results reveal a strong correlation between the pH profiles and size of experimentally measured lesions, thus indicating that it is the spreading of hydroxyl ions that determines the extent of tissue destruction around the cathode. In addition, the simulations indicate that the model could be of use in predicting the size of a lesion produced by EChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nilsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Applied Electrochemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Maintz D, Fischbach R, Schäfer N, Schäfer H, Gossmann A, Kugel H. Results of electrochemical therapy of colorectal liver metastases in rats followed up by MRI. Invest Radiol 2000; 35:289-94. [PMID: 10803669 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-200005000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Direct-current or electrochemical therapy is an alternative method for local tumor therapy. Until recently, it was mainly applied in China and was relatively unknown in the Western world. This study examines the feasibility and effectiveness of applying direct-current therapy in liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas in an animal model. METHODS Liver metastases were implanted in 47 BDIX rats by subcapsular injection of cells from a colorectal strain (DHD/K12). The success rate of implantation and the size of the tumors were determined after 3 weeks by MR imaging (T2-weighted turbo spin-echo images; relaxation time 1,800 ms, echo time 80 ms). The direct-current therapy was applied by one platinum electrode placed in the center of the tumor and four at the periphery of the tumor. Suitable therapy parameters were established in a pilot study by comparing four different methods of direct-current therapy with a control group. The methods varied with respect to the electrode polarity and the applied voltage. In a second series of investigations, tumor growth was monitored by MR imaging 3 and 5 weeks after therapy. RESULTS The tumor implantation rate was 92.6% at a tumor cell concentration of 8 x 10(5)/mL. The most effective therapy method was achieved by placing an anode at the center of the tumor and four cathodes at the periphery, with an applied charge of 80 C/cm3. Complete tumor necrosis was observed in 54% of cases. In the follow-up measurements, the mean tumor diameter was 0.65 cm at 3 weeks after therapy and 0.76 cm at 5 weeks after therapy. In comparison with the control group (1.08 and 1.53 cm, respectively), this represented a significant reduction in tumor growth rate. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate an antitumoral effect of direct-current therapy on liver metastases of colorectal cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maintz
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Cologne Medical School, Germany
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Jarm T, Wickramasinghe YA, Deakin M, Cemazar M, Elder J, Rolfe P, Sersa G, Miklavcic D. Blood perfusion of subcutaneous tumours in mice following the application of low-level direct electric current. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 471:497-506. [PMID: 10659183 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4717-4_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrotherapy with low-level direct electric current has been proved to be an effective local treatment of solid tumours. In the presented study an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of a single treatment with electrotherapy on blood perfusion of solid subcutaneous fibrosarcoma Sa-1 tumours in A/J mice. The tissue-staining method with Patent blue-violet dye, the rubidium extraction technique, and the noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy method were used for this purpose. Results of all methods indicate that perfusion and subsequently oxygenation of tumours were reduced due to application of electrotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jarm
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nilsson E, von Euler H, Berendson J, Thörne A, Wersäll P, Näslund I, Lagerstedt AS, Narfström K, Olsson JM. Electrochemical treatment of tumours. Bioelectrochemistry 2000; 51:1-11. [PMID: 10790774 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(99)00073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical treatment (EChT) of tumours implies that tumour tissue is treated with a continuous direct current through two or more electrodes placed in or near the tumour. The treatment offers considerable promise of a safe, simple and relatively noninvasive anti-tumour therapy for treatment of localised malignant as well as benign tumours. Although more than 10,000 patients have been treated in China during the past 10 years, EChT has not yet been universally accepted. The reason for this is the lack of essential preclinical studies and controlled clinical trials. Uncertainties regarding the destruction mechanism of EChT also hinder the development of an optimised and reliable dose-planning methodology. This article reviews the collected Chinese and occidental experiences of the electrochemical treatment of tumours, alone and in combination with other therapies. The current knowledge of the destruction mechanism underlying EChT is presented along with different approaches towards a dose planning methodology. In addition, we discuss our view of different important parameters that have to be accounted for, if clinical trials are to be initiated outside of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nilsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Applied Electrochemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Turler A, Schaefer H, Schaefer N, Wagner M, Maintz D, Qiao JC, Hoelscher AH. Experimental low-level direct current therapy in liver metastases: influence of polarity and current dose. Bioelectromagnetics 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200007)21:5<395::aid-bem8>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Development of a dosage method for electrochemical treatment of tumours: a simplified mathematical model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Liver metastases are relatively common in colorectal cancer and a small proportion of patients may benefit from resection of these liver metastases. In a selected subgroup of patients, 5-year survival rates of 25-35% may be achieved following liver resection. These survival figures compare favourably with those of patients with untreated liver secondaries. In the second part of this review the surgical and non-surgical treatment options for treating colorectal liver metastases are examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hugh
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, U.K
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32
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Miklavcˇicˇ D, Jarm T, Cˇemazˇar M, Sersˇa G, An D, Belehradek J, Mir L. Tumor treatment by direct electric current Tumor perfusion changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(96)05190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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