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Hanssens H, Meeus F, De Vlaeminck Y, Lecocq Q, Puttemans J, Debie P, De Groof TWM, Goyvaerts C, De Veirman K, Breckpot K, Devoogdt N. Scrutiny of chimeric antigen receptor activation by the extracellular domain: experience with single domain antibodies targeting multiple myeloma cells highlights the need for case-by-case optimization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389018. [PMID: 38720898 PMCID: PMC11077437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, despite the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. This unfulfilled potential can be attributed to two untackled issues: the lack of suitable CAR targets and formats. In relation to the former, the target should be highly expressed and reluctant to shedding; two characteristics that are attributed to the CS1-antigen. Furthermore, conventional CARs rely on scFvs for antigen recognition, yet this withholds disadvantages, mainly caused by the intrinsic instability of this format. VHHs have been proposed as valid scFv alternatives. We therefore intended to develop VHH-based CAR-T cells, targeting CS1, and to identify VHHs that induce optimal CAR-T cell activation together with the VHH parameters required to achieve this. Methods CS1-specific VHHs were generated, identified and fully characterized, in vitro and in vivo. Next, they were incorporated into second-generation CARs that only differ in their antigen-binding moiety. Reporter T-cell lines were lentivirally transduced with the different VHH-CARs and CAR-T cell activation kinetics were evaluated side-by-side. Affinity, cell-binding capacity, epitope location, in vivo behavior, binding distance, and orientation of the CAR-T:MM cell interaction pair were investigated as predictive parameters for CAR-T cell activation. Results Our data show that the VHHs affinity for its target antigen is relatively predictive for its in vivo tumor-tracing capacity, as tumor uptake generally decreased with decreasing affinity in an in vivo model of MM. This does not hold true for their CAR-T cell activation potential, as some intermediate affinity-binding VHHs proved surprisingly potent, while some higher affinity VHHs failed to induce equal levels of T-cell activation. This could not be attributed to cell-binding capacity, in vivo VHH behavior, epitope location, cell-to-cell distance or binding orientation. Hence, none of the investigated parameters proved to have significant predictive value for the extent of CAR-T cell activation. Conclusions We gained insight into the predictive parameters of VHHs in the CAR-context using a VHH library against CS1, a highly relevant MM antigen. As none of the studied VHH parameters had predictive value, defining VHHs for optimal CAR-T cell activation remains bound to serendipity. These findings highlight the importance of screening multiple candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Hanssens
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (MITH), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology (HEIM), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fien Meeus
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janik Puttemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (MITH), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (MITH), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W. M. De Groof
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (MITH), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology (HEIM), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Translational Oncology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy (MITH), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Du MT, Bergsagel PL, Chesi M. Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Multiple Myeloma: Therapeutic Implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:533-546. [PMID: 38233233 PMCID: PMC10942746 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Immunocompetent mouse models of multiple myeloma (MM) are particularly needed in the era of T cell redirected therapy to understand drivers of sensitivity and resistance, optimize responses, and prevent toxicities. Three mouse models have been extensively characterized: the Balb/c plasmacytomas, the 5TMM, and the Vk*MYC. In the last year, additional models have been generated, which, for the first time, capture primary MM initiating events, like MMSET/NSD2 or cyclin D1 dysregulation. However, the long latency needed for tumor development and the lack of transplantable lines limit their utilization. Future studies should focus on modeling hyperdiploid MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Tien Du
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, MCCRB 3-040, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Peter Leif Bergsagel
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, MCCRB 3-040, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, MCCRB 3-040, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
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3
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Maclachlan KH, Gitareja K, Kang J, Cuddihy A, Cao Y, Hein N, Cullinane C, Ang CS, Brajanovski N, Pearson RB, Khot A, Sanij E, Hannan RD, Poortinga G, Harrison SJ. Targeting the ribosome to treat multiple myeloma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200771. [PMID: 38596309 PMCID: PMC10905045 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The high rates of protein synthesis and processing render multiple myeloma (MM) cells vulnerable to perturbations in protein homeostasis. The induction of proteotoxic stress by targeting protein degradation with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has revolutionized the treatment of MM. However, resistance to PIs is inevitable and represents an ongoing clinical challenge. Our first-in-human study of the selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase I transcription of ribosomal RNA genes, CX-5461, has demonstrated a potential signal for anti-tumor activity in three of six heavily pre-treated MM patients. Here, we show that CX-5461 has potent anti-myeloma activity in PI-resistant MM preclinical models in vitro and in vivo. In addition to inhibiting ribosome biogenesis, CX-5461 causes topoisomerase II trapping and replication-dependent DNA damage, leading to G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Combining CX-5461 with PI does not further enhance the anti-myeloma activity of CX-5461 in vivo. In contrast, CX-5461 shows synergistic interaction with the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat in both the Vk∗MYC and the 5T33-KaLwRij mouse models of MM by targeting ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis through distinct mechanisms. Our findings thus provide strong evidence to facilitate the clinical development of targeting the ribosome to treat relapsed and refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee H. Maclachlan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kezia Gitareja
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Cuddihy
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxi Cao
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard B. Pearson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine- St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross D. Hannan
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon J. Harrison
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Hematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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4
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Egan H, Treacy O, Lynch K, Leonard NA, O'Malley G, Reidy E, O'Neill A, Corry SM, De Veirman K, Vanderkerken K, Egan LJ, Ritter T, Hogan AM, Redmond K, Peng L, Che J, Gatlin W, Jayaraman P, Sheehan M, Canney A, Hynes SO, Kerr EM, Dunne PD, O'Dwyer ME, Ryan AE. Targeting stromal cell sialylation reverses T cell-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112475. [PMID: 37167967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs) reduce the effectiveness of immune responses in cancer. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), precursors to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote tumor progression by enhancing immune cell suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hyper-sialylation of glycans promotes immune evasion in cancer through binding of sialic acids to their receptors, Siglecs, expressed on immune cells, which results in inhibition of effector functions. The role of sialylation in shaping MSC/CAF immunosuppression in the TME is not well characterized. In this study, we show that tumor-conditioned stromal cells have increased sialyltransferase expression, α2,3/6-linked sialic acid, and Siglec ligands. Tumor-conditioned stromal cells and CAFs induce exhausted immunomodulatory CD8+ PD1+ and CD8+ Siglec-7+/Siglec-9+ T cell phenotypes. In vivo, targeting stromal cell sialylation reverses stromal cell-mediated immunosuppression, as shown by infiltration of CD25 and granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells in the tumor and draining lymph node. Targeting stromal cell sialylation may overcome immunosuppression in the CRC TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Egan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin Lynch
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh A Leonard
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eileen Reidy
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoise O'Neill
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shania M Corry
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory for Haematology and Immunology (HEIM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory for Haematology and Immunology (HEIM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence J Egan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aisling M Hogan
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Keara Redmond
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Li Peng
- Palleon Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Jenny Che
- Palleon Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret Sheehan
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Canney
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean O Hynes
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emma M Kerr
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael E O'Dwyer
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Blood Cancer Network of Ireland (BCNI), Galway, Ireland; Department of Hematology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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System Xc− inhibition blocks bone marrow-multiple myeloma exosomal crosstalk, thereby countering bortezomib resistance. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Puttemans J, Stijlemans B, Keyaerts M, Vander Meeren S, Renmans W, Fostier K, Debie P, Hanssens H, Rodak M, Pruszynski M, De Veirman K, Vanderkerken K, Lahoutte T, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Devoogdt N, D'Huyvetter M. The Road to Personalized Myeloma Medicine: Patient-specific Single-domain Antibodies for Anti-idiotypic Radionuclide Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:159-169. [PMID: 34667109 PMCID: PMC9398099 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To this day, multiple myeloma remains an incurable cancer. For many patients, recurrence is unavoidably a result of lacking treatment options in the minimal residual disease stage. This is due to residual and treatment-resistant myeloma cells that can cause disease relapse. However, patient-specific membrane-expressed paraproteins could hold the key to target these residual cells responsible for disease recurrence. Here, we describe the therapeutic potential of radiolabeled, anti-idiotypic camelid single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) as tumor-restrictive vehicles against a membrane-bound paraprotein in the syngeneic mouse 5T33 myeloma model and analogously assess the feasibility of sdAb-based personalized medicine for patients with multiple myeloma. Llamas were immunized using extracts containing paraprotein from either murine or human sera, and selective sdAbs were retrieved using competitive phage display selections of immune libraries. An anti-5T33 idiotype sdAb was selected for targeted radionuclide therapy with the β--particle emitter 177Lu and the α-particle emitter 225Ac. sdAb-based radionuclide therapy in syngeneic mice with a low 5T33 myeloma lesion load significantly delayed tumor progression. In five of seven patients with newly diagnosed myeloma, membrane expression of the paraprotein was confirmed. Starting from serum-isolated paraprotein, for two of three selected patients anti-idiotype sdAbs were successfully generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Puttemans
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Vander Meeren
- Department of Clinical Biology, Hematology Division, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Renmans
- Department of Clinical Biology, Hematology Division, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Hematology, OLV Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heleen Hanssens
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Rodak
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pruszynski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Department of Medical Imaging, Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Zaal EA, de Grooth HJ, Oudaert I, Langerhorst P, Levantovsky S, van Slobbe GJJ, Jansen JWA, Menu E, Wu W, Berkers CR. Targeting coenzyme Q10 synthesis overcomes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Mol Omics 2021; 18:19-30. [PMID: 34879122 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During the development of drug resistance, multiple myeloma (MM) cells undergo changes to their metabolism. However, how these metabolic changes can be exploited to improve treatment efficacy is not known. Here we demonstrate that targeting coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) biosynthesis through the mevalonate pathway works in synergy with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) in MM. We show that gene expression signatures relating to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) predispose to clinical BTZ resistance and poor prognosis in MM patients. Mechanistically, BTZ-resistant cells show increased activity of glutamine-driven TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, together with an increased vulnerability towards ETC inhibition. Moreover, BTZ resistance is accompanied by high levels of the mitochondrial electron carrier CoQ, while the mevalonate pathway inhibitor simvastatin increases cell death and decreases CoQ levels, specifically in BTZ-resistant cells. Both in vitro and in vivo, simvastatin enhances the effect of bortezomib treatment. Our study links CoQ synthesis to drug resistance in MM and provides a novel avenue for improving BTZ responses through statin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Harm-Jan de Grooth
- Department of Intensive Care & Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Oudaert
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Langerhorst
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Levantovsky
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs J J van Slobbe
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen W A Jansen
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Mehdi SH, Nafees S, Mehdi SJ, Morris CA, Mashouri L, Yoon D. Animal Models of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:640954. [PMID: 34163520 PMCID: PMC8215650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell disorder characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow, the presence of monoclonal serum immunoglobulin, and osteolytic lesions. It is the second most common hematological malignancy and considered an incurable disease despite significant treatment improvements. MM bone disease (MMBD) is defined as the presence of one or more osteolytic bone lesions or diffused osteoporosis with compression fracture attributable to the underlying clonal PC disorder. MMBD causes severe morbidity and increases mortality. Cumulative evidence shows that the interaction of MM cells and bone microenvironment plays a significant role in MM progression, suggesting that these interactions may be good targets for therapy. MM animal models have been developed and studied in various aspects of MM tumorigenesis. In particular, MMBD has been studied in various models, and each model has unique features. As the general features of MM animal models have been reviewed elsewhere, the current review will focus on the features of MMBD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sana Nafees
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Jafar Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Carol A Morris
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ladan Mashouri
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Myeloma Center, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Yang R, Elsaadi S, Misund K, Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Moen SH, Kusnierczyk A, Slupphaug G, Standal T, Waage A, Slørdahl TS, Rø TB, Rustad E, Sundan A, Hay C, Cooper Z, Schuller AG, Woessner R, Borodovsky A, Menu E, Børset M, Sponaas AM. Conversion of ATP to adenosine by CD39 and CD73 in multiple myeloma can be successfully targeted together with adenosine receptor A2A blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000610. [PMID: 32409420 PMCID: PMC7239696 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PD1/PDL1-directed therapies have been unsuccessful for multiple myeloma (MM), an
incurable cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, other immune
checkpoints such as extracellular adenosine and its immunosuppressive receptor should be
considered. CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular ATP to adenosine, which inhibits T-cell
effector functions via the adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR). We set out to investigate
whether blocking the adenosine pathway could be a therapy for MM. Methods Expression of CD39 and CD73 on BM cells from patients and T-cell proliferation were
determined by flow cytometry and adenosine production by Liquid chromatograpy-mass
spectrometry (HPCL/MS). ENTPD1 (CD39) mRNA expression was determined on myeloma cells
from patients enrolled in the publicly available CoMMpass study. Transplantable 5T33MM
myeloma cells were used to determine the effect of inhibiting CD39, CD73 and A2AR in
mice in vivo. Results Elevated level of adenosine was found in BM plasma of MM patients. Myeloma cells from
patients expressed CD39, and high gene expression indicated reduced survival. CD73 was
found on leukocytes and stromal cells in the BM. A CD39 inhibitor, POM-1, and an
anti-CD73 antibody inhibited adenosine production and reduced T-cell suppression in
vitro in coculture of myeloma and stromal cells. Blocking the adenosine pathway in vivo
with a combination of Sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1), anti-CD73, and the A2AR
antagonist AZD4635 activated immune cells, increased interferon gamma production, and
reduced the tumor load in a murine model of MM. Conclusions Our data suggest that the adenosine pathway can be successfully targeted in MM and
blocking this pathway could be an alternative to PD1/PDL1 inhibition for MM and other
hematological cancers. Inhibitors of the adenosine pathway are available. Some are in
clinical trials and they could thus reach MM patients fairly rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samah Elsaadi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten Nymoen Vandsemb
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Helen Moen
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Kusnierczyk
- PROMEC, Department for Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- PROMEC, Department for Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,CEMIR (Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Baade Rø
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Even Rustad
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,CEMIR (Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carl Hay
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca Medimmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Zachary Cooper
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca Medimmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Massachusetts, Belgium
| | - Magne Børset
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Marit Sponaas
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Nylund P, Atienza Párraga A, Haglöf J, De Bruyne E, Menu E, Garrido-Zabala B, Ma A, Jin J, Öberg F, Vanderkerken K, Kalushkova A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. A distinct metabolic response characterizes sensitivity to EZH2 inhibition in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:167. [PMID: 33579905 PMCID: PMC7881125 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous haematological disease that remains clinically challenging. Increased activity of the epigenetic silencer EZH2 is a common feature in patients with poor prognosis. Previous findings have demonstrated that metabolic profiles can be sensitive markers for response to treatment in cancer. While EZH2 inhibition (EZH2i) has proven efficient in inducing cell death in a number of human MM cell lines, we hereby identified a subset of cell lines that despite a global loss of H3K27me3, remains viable after EZH2i. By coupling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with gene and miRNA expression profiling, we found that sensitivity to EZH2i correlated with distinct metabolic signatures resulting from a dysregulation of genes involved in methionine cycling. Specifically, EZH2i resulted in a miRNA-mediated downregulation of methionine cycling-associated genes in responsive cells. This induced metabolite accumulation and DNA damage, leading to G2 arrest and apoptosis. Altogether, we unveiled that sensitivity to EZH2i in human MM cell lines is associated with a specific metabolic and gene expression profile post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haglöf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Haematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Haematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Berta Garrido-Zabala
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Fredrik Öberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Haematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Elsaadi S, Steiro I, Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Yang R, Slørdahl TS, Rø TB, Menu E, Sponaas AM, Børset M. Targeting phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33397437 PMCID: PMC7784327 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. To date, this disease is still incurable and novel therapeutic approaches are required. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo serine synthesis pathway, and it has been attributed to bortezomib-resistance in MM. METHODS Two different PHGDH inhibitors, CBR5884 and NCT-503, were tested against human myeloma cell lines, primary MM cells from patients, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. The PHGDH inhibitors were then tested in combination with proteasome inhibitors in different MM cell lines, including proteasome-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we confirmed the effects of PHGDH inhibition through knocking down PHGDH and the effect of NCT-503 in vivo in the 5T33MM mouse model. RESULTS All the tested myeloma cell lines expressed PHGDH and were sensitive to doses of NCT-503 that were tolerated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. Upon testing bortezomib in combination with NCT-503, we noticed a clear synergy in several HMCLs. The sensitivity to bortezomib also increased after PHGDH knockdown, mimicking the effect of NCT-503 treatment. Interestingly, targeting PHGDH reduced the intracellular redox capacity of the cells. Furthermore, combination treatment with NCT-503 and bortezomib exhibited a therapeutic advantage in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the therapeutic potential of targeting PHGDH in MM, and suggest it as a way to overcome the resistance to proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Elsaadi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ida Steiro
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Baade Rø
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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An Early Myeloma Bone Disease Model in Skeletally Mature Mice as a Platform for Biomaterial Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3985315. [PMID: 32684931 PMCID: PMC7336213 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3985315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by osteolytic bone tissue destruction resulting in bone pain, fractures, vertebral collapse, and spinal cord compression in patients. Upon initial diagnosis of MM, almost 80% of patients suffer from bone disease. Earlier diagnosis and intervention in MM bone disease would potentially improve treatment outcome and patient survival. New preclinical models are needed for developing novel diagnostic markers of bone structural changes as early as possible in the disease course. Here, we report a proof-of-concept, syngeneic, intrafemoral MOPC315.BM MM murine model in skeletally mature BALB/c mice for detection and characterization of very early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of MM-injected animals. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in vivo confirmed myeloma engraftment in 100% of the animals with high osteoclast activity within 21 days after tumor cell inoculation. Early signs of aggressive bone turnover were observed on the outer bone surfaces by high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT). Synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microcomputer tomography (PCE-CT) revealed very local microarchitecture differences highlighting numerous active sites of erosion and new bone at the micrometer scale. Correlative backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed direct comparison of mineralized and nonmineralized matrix changes in the cortical bone. The osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network (OLCN) architecture was disorganized, and irregular-shaped osteocyte lacunae were observed in MM-injected bones after 21 days. Our model provides a potential platform to further evaluate pathological MM bone lesion development at the micro- and ultrastructural levels. These promising results make it possible to combine material science and pharmacological investigations that may improve early detection and treatment of MM bone disease.
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Jin J, Cheng S, Wang Y, Wang T, Zeng D, Li Z, Li X, Wang J. SRC3 expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes the development of multiple myeloma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1258-1266. [PMID: 31769473 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SRC3 plays critical roles in various biological processes of diseases, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle arrest. However, the effect of SRC3 expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on multiple myeloma (MM) is not clear yet. In our study, MSCs (MSC-SRC3, MSC-SRC3-/-) and MM cells were co-cultured in a direct or indirect way. The proliferation of MM cells was studied by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The apoptosis and cell cycle of MM cells were detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the expressions of proteins in MM cells were detected by western blot analysis and the secretions of cytokines were measured by ELISA. Our data showed that the expression of SRC3 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could promote cell proliferation and colony formation of MM cells through accelerating the transformation of the G1/S phase, no matter what kind of culture method was adopted. Meanwhile, SRC3 expressed in BM-MSCs could inhibit the apoptosis of MM cells through the caspase apoptosis pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, SRC3 could enhance the adhesion ability of MM cells through up-regulating the expression of adhesion molecules including CXCL4, ICAM1, VLA4, and syndecan-1. SRC3 also played a regulatory role in the progress of MM through the NF-κB and PI-3K/Akt pathways. SRC3 expressed in MSCs was found to promote the growth and survival of MM cells, while SRC3 silencing in MSCs could inhibit the development of MM. These results would be useful for developing a more effective new strategy for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the Third affiliated Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shidi Cheng
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- Department of Hematology, the Third affiliated Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Hematology, the Third affiliated Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Hematology, the Third affiliated Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Third affiliated Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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14
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Immunotherapeutics in Multiple Myeloma: How Can Translational Mouse Models Help? JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2186494. [PMID: 31093282 PMCID: PMC6481018 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2186494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is usually diagnosed in older adults at the time of immunosenescence, a collection of age-related changes in the immune system that contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer. The MM tumor microenvironment and cumulative chemotherapies also add to defects in immunity over the course of disease. In this review we discuss how mouse models have furthered our understanding of the immune defects caused by MM and enabled immunotherapeutics to progress to clinical trials, but also question the validity of using immunodeficient models for these purposes. Immunocompetent models, in particular the 5T series and Vk⁎MYC models, are increasingly being utilized in preclinical studies and are adding to our knowledge of not only the adaptive immune system but also how the innate system might be enhanced in anti-MM activity. Finally we discuss the concept of immune profiling to target patients who might benefit the most from immunotherapeutics, and the use of humanized mice and 3D culture systems for personalized medicine.
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Ali M, Kowkuntla S, Delloro DJ, Galambos C, Hathi D, Janz S, Shokeen M, Tripathi C, Xu H, Yuk J, Zhan F, Tomasson MH, Bates ML. Chronic intermittent hypoxia enhances disease progression in myeloma-resistant mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R678-R686. [PMID: 30892915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00388.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the only known modifiable risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable cancer of bone marrow plasma cells. The mechanism linking the two is unknown. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of sleep apnea, which results in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and drives solid tumor aggressiveness. Given the link between CIH and solid tumor progression, we tested the hypothesis that CIH drives the proliferation of MM cells in culture and their engraftment and progression in vivo. Malignant mouse 5TGM1 cells were cultured in CIH, static hypoxia, or normoxia as a control in custom, gas-permeable plates. Typically MM-resistant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 10 h/day CIH (AHI = 12/h), static hypoxia, or normoxia for 7 days, followed by injection with 5TGM1 cells and an additional 28 days of exposure. CIH and static hypoxia slowed the growth of 5TGM1 cells in culture. CIH-exposed mice developed significantly more MM than controls (67 vs. 12%, P = 0.005), evidenced by hindlimb paralysis, gammopathy, bone lesions, and bone tumor formation. Static hypoxia was not a significant driver of MM progression and did not reduce survival (P = 0.117). Interestingly, 5TGM1 cells preferentially engrafted in the bone marrow and promoted terminal disease in CIH mice, despite a lower tumor burden, compared with the positive controls. These first experiments in the context of hematological cancer demonstrate that CIH promotes MM through mechanisms distinct from solid tumors and that sleep apnea may be a targetable risk factor in patients with or at risk for blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sandeep Kowkuntla
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Derick J Delloro
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Csaba Galambos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deep Hathi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chakrapani Tripathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jisung Yuk
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael H Tomasson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Melissa L Bates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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16
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Le Bihan T, Navarro AS, Le Bris N, Le Saëc P, Gouard S, Haddad F, Gestin JF, Chérel M, Faivre-Chauvet A, Tripier R. Synthesis of C-functionalized TE1PA and comparison with its analogues. An example of bioconjugation on 9E7.4 mAb for multiple myeloma 64Cu-PET imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4261-4271. [PMID: 29701218 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In view of the excellent copper(ii) and 64-copper(ii) complexation of a TE1PA ligand, a monopicolinate cyclam, in both aqueous medium and in vivo, we looked for a way to make it bifunctional, while maintaining its chelating properties. Overcoming the already known drawback of grafting via its carboxyl group, which is essential to the overall properties of the ligand, a TE1PA bifunctional derivative bearing an additional isothiocyanate coupling function on a carbon atom of the macrocyclic ring was synthesized. This led to an architecture that is comparable to that of other commercially available bifunctional copper(ii) chelators such as p-SCN-Bn-DOTA already used in clinical trials for 64Cu-immuno-PET imaging. The C-functionalization of TE1PA on one carbon atom in the β-N position of the cyclam backbone was successfully achieved by adapting our patented methodology to the huge challenge, allowing the regiospecific mono-N-functionalization of the unsymmetrical ligand. The obtained ligand p-SCN-Bn-TE1PA was coupled to a 9E7.4 murine antibody (mAb), an IgG2a anti CD-138 for multiple myeloma (MM) targeting. The conjugation efficiency was assessed by looking at the 64Cu radiolabeling and the radiopharmaceutical 64Cu-9E7.4-p-SCN-Bn-TE1PA immunoreactivity, and in particular by comparing with 9E7.4-p-SCN-Bn-NOTA and 9E7.4-p-SCN-Bn-DOTA obtained from commercial and presumably highly efficient chelators NOTA and DOTA, respectively. The results are quite clear, showing that p-SCN-Bn-TE1PA has a coupling rate 5 times higher and an immunoreactivity 1.5 to 2 times greater than those of its two competitors. p-SCN-Bn-TE1PA also outperforms TE1PA conjugated via its carboxylic function on the same antibody. The first 64Cu-immuno-PET preclinical study in a syngeneic model of MM was performed, confirming the good in vivo properties of 64Cu-9E7.4-p-SCN-Bn-TE1PA for PET imaging, considering the high clearance even after 24 h and the particularly important tumor-to-liver ratio that was increasing at 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Le Bihan
- Université de Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521/IBSAM, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France.
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm which is defined by strong interactions with the bone marrow microenvironment, a compartment with high cellular heterogeneity and unique structural and extracellular components. This necessitates the use of in vivo models for research to fully recapitulate MM growth conditions. The selection of appropriate model system is crucial, as each has advantages and shortcomings. Here, we describe the murine models available for studying MM, and focus on the methods for inoculating mice with MM cells via intravenous, intratibial or subcutaneous delivery, as well as monitoring of disease and organ processing for further analysis. The interaction and destruction of bone is a hallmark symptom of MM, and therefore many other complementary techniques used in calcified tissue research can be used, such as microCT, histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing.
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18
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De Veirman K, Menu E, Maes K, De Beule N, De Smedt E, Maes A, Vlummens P, Fostier K, Kassambara A, Moreaux J, Van Ginderachter JA, De Bruyne E, Vanderkerken K, Van Valckenborgh E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce multiple myeloma cell survival by activating the AMPK pathway. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:233-241. [PMID: 30419344 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, which are predominantly localized in the bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are described to promote MM progression by immunosuppression and induction of angiogenesis. However, their direct role in drug resistance and tumor survival is still unknown. In this study, we performed co-culture experiments of myeloma cells with 5TMM derived MDSC in vitro, leading to increased survival and proliferation of MM cells. Co-culture experiments resulted in MDSC-induced AMPK phosphorylation in MM cells, which was associated with an increase in the anti-apoptotic factors MCL-1 and BCL-2, and the autophagy-marker LC3II. In addition, 5TMM cells inoculated in mice showed a clear upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation in vivo. Targeting the AMPK pathway by Compound C resulted in apoptosis of human myeloma cell lines, primary MM cells and 5TMM cells. Importantly, we observed that the tumor-promoting effect of MDSC was partially mediated by AMPK activation. In conclusion, our data clearly demonstrate that MDSC directly increase the survival of MM cells, partially through AMPK activation, identifying this pathway as a new target in the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Beule
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Anke Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Philip Vlummens
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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19
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Myeloma escape after stem cell transplantation is a consequence of T-cell exhaustion and is prevented by TIGIT blockade. Blood 2018; 132:1675-1688. [PMID: 30154111 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-825240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) remains a standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients and prolongs progression-free survival. A small cohort of patients achieve long-term control of disease, but the majority of patients ultimately relapse, and the mechanisms permitting disease progression remain unclear. In this study, we used a preclinical model of autologous SCT for myeloma where the disease either progressed (MM relapsed) or was controlled. In the bone marrow (BM), inhibitory receptor expression on CD8+ T cells correlated strongly with myeloma progression after transplant. In conjunction, the costimulatory/adhesion receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) was markedly downregulated. Interestingly, DNAM-1- CD8+ T cells in MM-relapsed mice had an exhausted phenotype, characterized by upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors, including T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) with decreased T-bet and increased eomesodermin expression. Immune checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 or TIGIT significantly prolonged myeloma control after SCT. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells from MM-relapsed mice exhibited high interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion that was associated with increased TIGIT and PD-1 expression. However, while donor-derived IL-10 inhibited myeloma control post-SCT, this was independent of IL-10 secretion by or signaling to T cells. Instead, the donor myeloid compartment, including colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-dependent macrophages and an IL-10-secreting dendritic cell population in the BM, promoted myeloma progression. Our findings highlight PD-1 or TIGIT blockade in conjunction with SCT as a potent combination therapy in the treatment of myeloma.
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20
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Rao L, De Veirman K, Giannico D, Saltarella I, Desantis V, Frassanito MA, Solimando AG, Ribatti D, Prete M, Harstrick A, Fiedler U, De Raeve H, Racanelli V, Vanderkerken K, Vacca A. Targeting angiogenesis in multiple myeloma by the VEGF and HGF blocking DARPin ® protein MP0250: a preclinical study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13366-13381. [PMID: 29568363 PMCID: PMC5862584 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigational drug MP0250 is a multi-specific DARPin® molecule that simultaneously binds and neutralizes VEGF and HGF with high specificity and affinity. Here we studied the antiangiogenic effects of the MP0250 in multiple myeloma (MM). In endothelial cells (EC) isolated from bone marrow (BM) of MM patients (MMEC) MP0250 reduces VEGFR2 and cMet phosphorylation and affects their downstream signaling cascades. MP0250 influences the secretory profile of MMEC and inhibits their in vitro angiogenic activities (spontaneous and chemotactic migration, adhesion, spreading and capillarogenesis). Compared to anti-VEGF or anti-HGF neutralizing mAbs, MP0250 strongly reduces capillary network formation and vessel-sprouting in a Matrigel angiogenesis assay. MP0250 potentiates the effect of bortezomib in the same in vitro setting. It significantly reduces the number of newly formed vessels in the choriollantoic membrane assay (CAM) and the Matrigel plug assay. In the syngeneic 5T33MM tumor model, MP0250 decreases the microvessel density (MVD) and the combination MP0250/bortezomib lowers the percentage of idiotype positive cells and the serum levels of M-protein. Overall results define MP0250 as a strong antiangiogenic agent with potential as a novel combination drug for treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Rao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donato Giannico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Hendrik De Raeve
- Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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21
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Heusschen R, Muller J, Binsfeld M, Marty C, Plougonven E, Dubois S, Mahli N, Moermans K, Carmeliet G, Léonard A, Baron F, Beguin Y, Menu E, Cohen-Solal M, Caers J. SRC kinase inhibition with saracatinib limits the development of osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30712-29. [PMID: 27095574 PMCID: PMC5058712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM)-associated osteolytic bone disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in MM patients and the development of new therapeutic strategies is of great interest. The proto-oncogene SRC is an attractive target for such a strategy. In the current study, we investigated the effect of treatment with the SRC inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function, and on the development of MM and its associated bone disease in the 5TGM.1 and 5T2MM murine MM models. In vitro data showed an inhibitory effect of saracatinib on osteoclast differentiation, polarization and resorptive function. In osteoblasts, collagen deposition and matrix mineralization were affected by saracatinib. MM cell proliferation and tumor burden remained unaltered following saracatinib treatment and we could not detect any synergistic effects with drugs that are part of standard care in MM. We observed a marked reduction of bone loss after treatment of MM-bearing mice with saracatinib as reflected by a restoration of trabecular bone parameters to levels observed in naive control mice. Histomorphometric analyses support that this occurs through an inhibition of bone resorption. In conclusion, these data further establish SRC inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of MM-associated osteolytic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Heusschen
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marilène Binsfeld
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM-UMR-1132, Hôpital Lariboisière and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Plougonven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEPs (Products, Environments, Processes), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dubois
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Mahli
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Karen Moermans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angélique Léonard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEPs (Products, Environments, Processes), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM-UMR-1132, Hôpital Lariboisière and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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22
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De Veirman K, De Beule N, Maes K, Menu E, De Bruyne E, De Raeve H, Fostier K, Moreaux J, Kassambara A, Hose D, Heusschen R, Eriksson H, Vanderkerken K, Van Valckenborgh E. Extracellular S100A9 Protein in Bone Marrow Supports Multiple Myeloma Survival by Stimulating Angiogenesis and Cytokine Secretion. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:839-846. [PMID: 28903971 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of S100 protein family members is associated with cancer proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. S100A9 induces myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation and activity. MDSCs, immunosuppressive cells that contribute to tumor immune escape, are the main producers of S100A9. In this study, we evaluated the role of extracellular S100A9 and the therapeutic relevance of S100A9 inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM), using the immunocompetent murine 5T33MM model. We demonstrated the presence of S100A9 and its receptor TLR4 in both monocytic and granulocytic MDSCs in human and mouse samples. We showed that S100A9 acted as a chemoattractant for MM cells and induced MDSCs to express and secrete inflammatory and pro-myeloma cytokines, including TNFα, IL6, and IL10. Blocking S100A9 interactions in vivo with the small molecule ABR-238901 did not directly affect MDSC accumulation but did reduce IL6 and IL10 cytokine expression by MDSC. ABR-238901 treatment in vivo reduced angiogenesis but had only minor effects on tumor load as single agent (6% reduction). However, ABR-238901 treatment in combination with bortezomib resulted in an increased reduction in tumor load compared with single treatments (50% relative reduction compared with bortezomib alone). Our data suggest that extracellular S100A9 promotes MM and that inhibition of S100A9 may have therapeutic benefit. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(10); 839-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Beule
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Hendrik De Raeve
- Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roy Heusschen
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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23
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Inhibiting the osteocyte-specific protein sclerostin increases bone mass and fracture resistance in multiple myeloma. Blood 2017; 129:3452-3464. [PMID: 28515094 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-773341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell cancer that develops in the skeleton causing profound bone destruction and fractures. The bone disease is mediated by increased osteoclastic bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. Bisphosphonates used for treatment inhibit bone resorption and prevent bone loss but fail to influence bone formation and do not replace lost bone, so patients continue to fracture. Stimulating bone formation to increase bone mass and fracture resistance is a priority; however, targeting tumor-derived modulators of bone formation has had limited success. Sclerostin is an osteocyte-specific Wnt antagonist that inhibits bone formation. We hypothesized that inhibiting sclerostin would prevent development of bone disease and increase resistance to fracture in MM. Sclerostin was expressed in osteocytes from bones from naive and myeloma-bearing mice. In contrast, sclerostin was not expressed by plasma cells from 630 patients with myeloma or 54 myeloma cell lines. Mice injected with 5TGM1-eGFP, 5T2MM, or MM1.S myeloma cells demonstrated significant bone loss, which was associated with a decrease in fracture resistance in the vertebrae. Treatment with anti-sclerostin antibody increased osteoblast numbers and bone formation rate but did not inhibit bone resorption or reduce tumor burden. Treatment with anti-sclerostin antibody prevented myeloma-induced bone loss, reduced osteolytic bone lesions, and increased fracture resistance. Treatment with anti-sclerostin antibody and zoledronic acid combined increased bone mass and fracture resistance when compared with treatment with zoledronic acid alone. This study defines a therapeutic strategy superior to the current standard of care that will reduce fractures for patients with MM.
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24
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Al-Amer O. Bone marker gene expression in calvarial bones: different bone microenvironments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:9. [PMID: 28523251 PMCID: PMC5434628 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-017-0066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background In calvarial mice, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteoprogenitor cells and then differentiate into osteoblasts that differentiate into osteocytes, which become embedded within the bone matrix. In this case, the cells participating in bone formation include MSCs, osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts and osteocytes. The calvariae of C57BL/KaLwRijHsD mice consist of the following five bones: two frontal bones, two parietal bones and one interparietal bone. This study aimed to analyse some bone marker genes and bone related genes to determine whether these calvarial bones have different bone microenvironments. Methods C57BL/KaLwRijHsD calvariae were carefully excised from five male mice that were 4–6 weeks of age. Frontal, parietal, and interparietal bones were dissected to determine the bone microenvironment in calvariae. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to determine the morphology of different calvarial bones under microscopy. TaqMan was used to analyse the relative expression of Runx2, OC, OSX, RANK, RANKL, OPG, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, FGF2 and FGFR1 genes in different parts of the calvariae. Results Histological analysis demonstrated different bone marrow (BM) areas between the different parts of the calvariae. The data show that parietal bones have the smallest BM area compared to frontal and interparietal bones. TaqMan data show a significant increase in the expression level of Runx2, OC, OSX, RANKL, OPG, FGF2 and FGFR1 genes in the parietal bones compared with the frontal and interparietal bones of calvariae. Conclusion This study provides evidence that different calvarial bones, frontal, parietal and interparietal, contain different bone microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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25
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Favreau M, Menu E, Gaublomme D, Vanderkerken K, Faict S, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Govindarajan S, Drennan M, Van Calenbergh S, Leleu X, Zabeau L, Tavernier J, Venken K, Elewaut D. Leptin receptor antagonism of iNKT cell function: a novel strategy to combat multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 31:2678-2685. [PMID: 28490813 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of bone marrow changes with aging is the increase in adipocyte composition, but how this impacts development of multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. Here, we report the role of the adipokine leptin as master regulator of anti-myeloma tumor immunity by modulating the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell function. A marked increase in serum leptin levels and leptin receptor (LR) expression on iNKT cells in MM patients and the 5T33 murine MM model was observed. MM cells and leptin synergistically counteracted anti-tumor functionality of both murine and human iNKT cells. In vivo blockade of LR signaling combined with iNKT stimulation resulted in superior anti-tumor protection. This was linked to persistent IFN-γ secretion upon repeated iNKT cell stimulation and a restoration of the dynamic antigen-induced motility arrest as observed by intravital microscopy, thereby showing alleviation of iNKT cell anergy. Overall our data reveal the LR axis as novel therapeutic target for checkpoint inhibition to treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Favreau
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Gaublomme
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Govindarajan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Drennan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - X Leleu
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Pôle Régional de Cancérologie, Hospital de la Miléterie, Poitiers, France
| | - L Zabeau
- Department of Biochemistry, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Tavernier
- Department of Biochemistry, VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Liu H, Peng F, Liu Z, Jiang F, Li L, Gao S, Wang G, Song J, Ruan E, Shao Z, Fu R. CYR61/CCN1 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro and contributes to bone remodeling in vivo in myeloma bone disease. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:631-639. [PMID: 28035364 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61/CCN1), a secreted protein in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, has diverse effects on many cellular activities such as growth and differentiation. However, the effect of CCN1 on osteoblasts (OBs) in myeloma bone disease remains unclear. In our study, the level of CCN1 in multiple myeloma (MM) patients was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. The proliferation and differentiation of OBs from MM patients were observed after stimulated by CCN1 in vitro. The myeloma cells transduced with CYR61 gene (RPMI‑8226/CYR61) were injected in a mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of CCN1 in vivo and compare with zoledronic acid. The results showed that CYR61/CCN1 levels in BM supernatant and OBs both elevated significantly in all newly diagnosed MM patients, especially in patients without bone disease (P=0.001 and P<0.001). After 30 ng/l CCN1 stimulation for 24 h, the quantity and mineralization of OBs increased significantly in vitro (P=0.046 and 0.048). The transcription factors of Wnt pathway, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and β-catenin were upregulated in OBs after CCN1 stimulation (P=0.012 and 0.011). After injection of RPMI‑8226 cells, bone lesions were observed obviously by microCT and histochemistry at 7 weeks. Radiographic analysis of the bones showed decreased resorption in CCN1 overexpression group and zoledronic acid group, while severe resorption in negative control. Furthermore, trabecular bone volume in CCN1 overexpression group (1.7539±0.16949) was significantly higher than zoledronic acid group (1.2839±0.077) (P=0.012). In conclusion, CCN1 can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of OBs in vitro and contribute to bone remodeling in vivo in MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Fengping Peng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Fengjuan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guojin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Erbao Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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27
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Wang J, De Veirman K, De Beule N, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. The bone marrow microenvironment enhances multiple myeloma progression by exosome-mediated activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43992-4004. [PMID: 26556857 PMCID: PMC4791281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular nanovesicles secreted by various cell types, modulate the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment by regulating angiogenesis, cytokine release, immune response, inflammation, and metastasis. Interactions between bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells play crucial roles in MM development. We previously reported that BMSC-derived exosomes directly promote MM cell growth, whereas the other possible mechanisms for supporting MM progression by these exosomes are still not clear. Here, we investigated the effect of BMSC-derived exosomes on the MM BM cells with specific emphasis on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). BMSC-derived exosomes were able to be taken up by MM MDSCs and induced their expansion in vitro. Moreover, these exosomes directly induced the survival of MDSCs through activating STAT3 and STAT1 pathways and increasing the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Inhibition of these pathways blocked the enhancement of MDSC survival. Furthermore, these exosomes increased the nitric oxide release from MM MDSCs and enhanced their suppressive activity on T cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BMSC-derived exosomes activate MDSCs in the BM through STAT3 and STAT1 pathways, leading to increased immunosuppression which favors MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Beule
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Deshet-Unger N, Hiram-Bab S, Haim-Ohana Y, Mittelman M, Gabet Y, Neumann D. Erythropoietin treatment in murine multiple myeloma: immune gain and bone loss. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30998. [PMID: 27481313 PMCID: PMC4969594 DOI: 10.1038/srep30998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy, characterized by osteolytic lesions and monoclonal immunoglobulins. The anemia, accompanying the disease is often treated with recombinant human EPO. Diverse non-erythropoietic effects of EPO have led us to question its combined action on the immune system and bone in the 5T33MM mouse model. EPO administration to MM mice attenuated disease progression as demonstrated by a decrease in serum MM IgG2b, splenic CD138 expressing cells, IL-6 and RORγτ transcripts in bone marrow (BM). IFN-γ transcript levels and macrophages (F4/80+CD11b+) in the BM both increased ~1.5 fold in the EPO-treated MM mice. In-vitro, EPO stimulated phagocytosis of 5T33MM cells (+30%) by BM-derived macrophages. In contrast, high-resolution microCT analysis of distal femurs revealed EPO-associated bone loss in both healthy and 5T33MM mice. EPO significantly increased expression of the osteoclastogenic nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in healthy mice, but not in MM mice, likely due to antagonizing effects on MM progression. Thus, in MM, EPO may act as a double-edged-sword stimulating immune response, while accelerating bone resorption, possibly via direct action on BM macrophages. This study supports a prudent approach of treating anemia in MM patients, aiming to maintain EPO-associated anti-MM effects, while considering bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naamit Deshet-Unger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yasmin Haim-Ohana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Moshe Mittelman
- Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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29
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De Veirman K, Van Ginderachter JA, Lub S, De Beule N, Thielemans K, Bautmans I, Oyajobi BO, De Bruyne E, Menu E, Lemaire M, Van Riet I, Vanderkerken K, Van Valckenborgh E. Multiple myeloma induces Mcl-1 expression and survival of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10532-47. [PMID: 25871384 PMCID: PMC4496373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are contributing to an immunosuppressive environment by their ability to inhibit T cell activity and thereby promoting cancer progression. An important feature of the incurable plasma cell malignancy Multiple Myeloma (MM) is immune dysfunction. MDSC were previously identified to be present and active in MM patients, however little is known about the MDSC-inducing and -activating capacity of MM cells. In this study we investigated the effects of the tumor microenvironment on MDSC survival. During MM progression in the 5TMM mouse model, accumulation of MDSC in the bone marrow was observed in early stages of disease development, while circulating myeloid cells were increased at later stages of disease. Interestingly, in vivo MDSC targeting by anti-GR1 antibodies and 5-Fluorouracil resulted in a significant reduced tumor load in 5TMM-diseased mice. In vitro generation of MDSC was demonstrated by increased T cell immunosuppressive capacity and MDSC survival was observed in the presence of MM-conditioned medium. Finally, increased Mcl-1 expression was identified as underlying mechanism for MDSC survival. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that soluble factors from MM cells are able to generate MDSC through Mcl-1 upregulation and this cell population can be considered as a possible target in MM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susanne Lub
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Beule
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Department of Immunology-Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology & Frailty in Ageing Departments, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Babatunde O Oyajobi
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miguel Lemaire
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Evans HR, Karmakharm T, Lawson MA, Walker RE, Harris W, Fellows C, Huggins ID, Richmond P, Chantry AD. Osteolytica: An automated image analysis software package that rapidly measures cancer-induced osteolytic lesions in in vivo models with greater reproducibility compared to other commonly used methods. Bone 2016; 83:9-16. [PMID: 26456145 PMCID: PMC4720217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Methods currently used to analyse osteolytic lesions caused by malignancies such as multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer vary from basic 2-D X-ray analysis to 2-D images of micro-CT datasets analysed with non-specialised image software such as ImageJ. However, these methods have significant limitations. They do not capture 3-D data, they are time-consuming and they often suffer from inter-user variability. We therefore sought to develop a rapid and reproducible method to analyse 3-D osteolytic lesions in mice with cancer-induced bone disease. To this end, we have developed Osteolytica, an image analysis software method featuring an easy to use, step-by-step interface to measure lytic bone lesions. Osteolytica utilises novel graphics card acceleration (parallel computing) and 3-D rendering to provide rapid reconstruction and analysis of osteolytic lesions. To evaluate the use of Osteolytica we analysed tibial micro-CT datasets from murine models of cancer-induced bone disease and compared the results to those obtained using a standard ImageJ analysis method. Firstly, to assess inter-user variability we deployed four independent researchers to analyse tibial datasets from the U266-NSG murine model of myeloma. Using ImageJ, inter-user variability between the bones was substantial (±19.6%), in contrast to using Osteolytica, which demonstrated minimal variability (±0.5%). Secondly, tibial datasets from U266-bearing NSG mice or BALB/c mice injected with the metastatic breast cancer cell line 4T1 were compared to tibial datasets from aged and sex-matched non-tumour control mice. Analyses by both Osteolytica and ImageJ showed significant increases in bone lesion area in tumour-bearing mice compared to control mice. These results confirm that Osteolytica performs as well as the current 2-D ImageJ osteolytic lesion analysis method. However, Osteolytica is advantageous in that it analyses over the entirety of the bone volume (as opposed to selected 2-D images), it is a more rapid method and it has less user variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Evans
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - T Karmakharm
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK.
| | - M A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - R E Walker
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - W Harris
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - C Fellows
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - I D Huggins
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - P Richmond
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK; Insigneo Institute for In silico Medicine, The Pam Liversige Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - A D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; Insigneo Institute for In silico Medicine, The Pam Liversige Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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31
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Soodgupta D, Zhou H, Beaino W, Lu L, Rettig M, Snee M, Skeath J, DiPersio JF, Akers WJ, Laforest R, Anderson CJ, Tomasson MH, Shokeen M. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation of Overexpressed VLA-4 in Multiple Myeloma Using LLP2A Imaging Agents. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:640-5. [PMID: 26742713 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.164624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Very-late-antigen-4 (VLA-4, α4β1 integrin, CD49d/CD29) is a transmembrane adhesion receptor that plays an important role in cancer and immune responses. Enhanced VLA-4 expression has been observed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and surrounding stroma. VLA-4 conformational activation has been associated with MM pathogenesis. VLA-4 is a promising MM imaging and therapeutic biomarker. METHODS Specificity of (64)Cu-LLP2A ((64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A), a high-affinity VLA-4 peptidomimetic-based radiopharmaceutical, was evaluated in α4 knock-out mice and by competitive blocking in wild-type tumor-bearing mice. (64)Cu-LLP2A PET/CT (static and dynamic) imaging was conducted in C57BL6/KaLwRij mice bearing murine 5TGM1-GFP syngeneic tumors generated after intravenous injection via the tail. Blood samples were collected for serum protein electrophoresis. Bone marrow and splenic cells extracted from tumor-bearing and control mice (n= 3/group) were coincubated with the optical analog LLP2A-Cy5 and mouse B220, CD4, Gr1, and Mac1 antibodies and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Human radiation dose estimates for (64)Cu-LLP2A were extrapolated from mouse biodistribution data (6 time points, 0.78 MBq/animal, n= 4/group). Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bone marrow samples from deceased MM patients were stained with LLP2A-Cy5. RESULTS (64)Cu-LLP2A and LLP2A-Cy5 demonstrated high specificity for VLA-4-positive mouse 5TGM1-GFP myeloma and nonmalignant inflammatory host cells such as T cells and myeloid/monocytic cells. Ex vivo flow cytometric analysis supported a direct effect of myeloma on increased VLA-4 expression in host hematopoietic microenvironmental elements. SUVs and the number of medullar lesions detected by (64)Cu-LLP2A PET corresponded with increased monoclonal (M) protein (g/dL) in tumor-bearing mice over time (3.29 ± 0.58 at week 0 and 9.97 ± 1.52 at week 3). Dynamic PET with (64)Cu-LLP2A and (18)F-FDG demonstrated comparable SUV in the prominent lesions in the femur. Human radiation dose estimates indicated urinary bladder wall as the dose-limiting organ (0.200 mGy/MBq), whereas the dose to the red marrow was 0.006 mGy/MBq. The effective dose was estimated to be 0.017 mSv/MBq. Seven of the ten human samples displayed a high proportion of cells intensely labeled with LLP2A-Cy5 probe. CONCLUSION (64)Cu-LLP2A and LLP2A-Cy5 demonstrated binding specificity for VLA-4 in an immune-competent murine MM model. (64)Cu-LLP2A displayed favorable dosimetry for human studies and is a potential imaging candidate for overexpressed VLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Soodgupta
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lan Lu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Snee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Walter J Akers
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Michael H Tomasson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
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32
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Lawson MA, McDonald MM, Kovacic N, Hua Khoo W, Terry RL, Down J, Kaplan W, Paton-Hough J, Fellows C, Pettitt JA, Neil Dear T, Van Valckenborgh E, Baldock PA, Rogers MJ, Eaton CL, Vanderkerken K, Pettit AR, Quinn JMW, Zannettino ACW, Phan TG, Croucher PI. Osteoclasts control reactivation of dormant myeloma cells by remodelling the endosteal niche. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8983. [PMID: 26632274 PMCID: PMC4686867 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is largely incurable, despite development of therapies that target myeloma cell-intrinsic pathways. Disease relapse is thought to originate from dormant myeloma cells, localized in specialized niches, which resist therapy and repopulate the tumour. However, little is known about the niche, and how it exerts cell-extrinsic control over myeloma cell dormancy and reactivation. In this study, we track individual myeloma cells by intravital imaging as they colonize the endosteal niche, enter a dormant state and subsequently become activated to form colonies. We demonstrate that dormancy is a reversible state that is switched ‘on' by engagement with bone-lining cells or osteoblasts, and switched ‘off' by osteoclasts remodelling the endosteal niche. Dormant myeloma cells are resistant to chemotherapy that targets dividing cells. The demonstration that the endosteal niche is pivotal in controlling myeloma cell dormancy highlights the potential for targeting cell-extrinsic mechanisms to overcome cell-intrinsic drug resistance and prevent disease relapse. Therapy resistant dormant myeloma cells contribute to disease relapse. Here, the authors use intravital microscopy to track the location of these cells and demonstrate that they hone to the endosteal niche within the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Lawson
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Natasa Kovacic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Rachael L Terry
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jenny Down
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Julia Paton-Hough
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Clair Fellows
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - T Neil Dear
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Colby L Eaton
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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33
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Fichou N, Gouard S, Maurel C, Barbet J, Ferrer L, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Faivre-Chauvet A, Bigot-Corbel E, Davodeau F, Gaschet J, Chérel M. Single-Dose Anti-CD138 Radioimmunotherapy: Bismuth-213 is More Efficient than Lutetium-177 for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in a Preclinical Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:76. [PMID: 26582128 PMCID: PMC4631990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has emerged as a potential treatment option for multiple myeloma (MM). In humans, a dosimetry study recently showed the relevance of RIT using an antibody targeting the CD138 antigen. The therapeutic efficacy of RIT using an anti-CD138 antibody coupled to 213Bi, an α-emitter, was also demonstrated in a preclinical MM model. Since then, RIT with β-emitters has shown efficacy in treating hematologic cancer. In this paper, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of RIT in the 5T33 murine MM model using a new anti-CD138 monoclonal antibody labeled either with 213Bi for α-RIT or 177Lu for β-RIT. Methods A new monoclonal anti-CD138 antibody, 9E7.4, was generated by immunizing a rat with a murine CD138-derived peptide. Antibody specificity was validated by flow cytometry, biodistribution, and α-RIT studies. Then, a β-RIT dose-escalation assay with the 177Lu-radiolabeled 9E7.4 mAb was performed in KalwRij C57/BL6 mice 10 days after i.v. engraftment with 5T33 MM cells. Animal survival and toxicological parameters were assessed to define the optimal activity. Results α-RIT performed with 3.7 MBq of 213Bi-labeled 9E7.4 anti-CD138 mAb increased median survival to 80 days compared to 37 days for the untreated control and effected cure in 45% of animals. β-RIT performed with 18.5 MBq of 177Lu-labeled 9E7.4 mAb was well tolerated and significantly increased mouse survival (54 vs. 37 days in the control group); however, no mice were cured with this treatment. Conclusion This study revealed the advantages of α-RIT in the treatment of MM in a preclinical model where β-RIT shows almost no efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Fichou
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Sébastien Gouard
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Catherine Maurel
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Jacques Barbet
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Ludovic Ferrer
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest , Saint-Herblain , France
| | | | | | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - François Davodeau
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Joëlle Gaschet
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Centre Régional de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA) - UMR 892 INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest , Saint-Herblain , France
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Noll JE, Vandyke K, Hewett DR, Mrozik KM, Bala RJ, Williams SA, Kok CH, Zannettino AC. PTTG1 expression is associated with hyperproliferative disease and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:106. [PMID: 26445238 PMCID: PMC4595141 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy characterised by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. We have previously identified pituitary tumour transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) as a gene that is significantly upregulated in the haematopoietic compartment of the myeloma-susceptible C57BL/KaLwRij mouse strain, when compared with the myeloma-resistant C57BL/6 mouse. Over-expression of PTTG1 has previously been associated with malignant progression and an enhanced proliferative capacity in solid tumours. Methods In this study, we investigated PTTG1 gene and protein expression in MM plasma cells from newly diagnosed MM patients. Gene expression profiling was used to identify gene signatures associated with high PTTG1 expression in MM patients. Additionally, we investigated the effect of short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA)-mediated PTTG1 knockdown on the proliferation of the murine myeloma plasma cell line 5TGM1 in vitro and in vivo. Results PTTG1 was found to be over-expressed in 36–70 % of MM patients, relative to normal controls, with high PTTG1 expression being associated with poor patient outcomes (hazard ratio 2.49; 95 % CI 1.28 to 4.86; p = 0.0075; log-rank test). In addition, patients with high PTTG1 expression exhibited increased expression of cell proliferation-associated genes including CCNB1, CCNB2, CDK1, AURKA, BIRC5 and DEPDC1. Knockdown of Pttg1 in 5TGM1 cells decreased cellular proliferation, without affecting cell cycle distribution or viability, and decreased expression of Ccnb1, Birc5 and Depdc1 in vitro. Notably, Pttg1 knockdown significantly reduced MM tumour development in vivo, with an 83.2 % reduction in tumour burden at 4 weeks (p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA). Conclusions This study supports a role for increased PTTG1 expression in augmenting tumour development in a subset of MM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0209-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia. .,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rachel J Bala
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Sharon A Williams
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Chung H Kok
- Leukaemia Research Group, Cancer Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Cw Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia. .,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Cancer Theme, Level 5 South, SAHMRI, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Paton-Hough J, Chantry AD, Lawson MA. A review of current murine models of multiple myeloma used to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents on tumour growth and bone disease. Bone 2015; 77:57-68. [PMID: 25868800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical in vivo models of multiple myeloma are essential tools for investigating the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma and for testing new therapeutic agents and strategies prior to their potential use in clinical trials. Over the last five decades, several different types of murine models of multiple myeloma have been developed ranging from immunocompetent syngeneic models, e.g. the 5 T series of myeloma cells, to immunocompromised models including the SCID xenograft models, which use human myeloma cell lines or patient-derived cells. Other models include hybrid models featuring the implantation of SCID mice with bone chips (SCID-hu or SCID-rab) or 3-D bone scaffolds (SCID-synth-hu), and mice that have been genetically engineered to develop myeloma. Bearing in mind the differences in these models, it is not surprising that they reflect to varying degrees different aspects of myeloma. Here we review the past and present murine models of myeloma, with particular emphasis on their advantages and limitations, characteristics, and their use in testing therapeutic agents to treat myeloma tumour burden and bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paton-Hough
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - A D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - M A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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Mrozik KM, Cheong CM, Hewett D, Chow AWS, Blaschuk OW, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. Therapeutic targeting of N-cadherin is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:387-99. [PMID: 26194766 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin (cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal); CDH2) is associated with poor prognosis in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. In this study, we investigated whether targeting of N-cadherin represents a potential treatment for the ~50% of MM patients with elevated N-cadherin. Initially, we stably knocked-down N-cadherin in the mouse MM plasma cell (PC) line 5TGM1 to assess the functional role of N-cadherin in MM pathogenesis. When compared with 5TGM1-scramble-shRNA cells, 5TGM1-Cdh2-shRNA cells had significantly reduced adhesion to bone marrow endothelial cells. However, N-cadherin knock-down did not affect 5TGM1 cell proliferation or adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. In the C57BL/KaLwRij murine MM model, mice intravenously inoculated with 5TGM1-Cdh2-shRNA cells showed significantly decreased tumour burden after 4 weeks, compared with animals bearing 5TGM1-scramble-shRNA cells. Finally, the N-cadherin antagonist ADH-1 had no effect on tumour burden in the established disease setting, whereas up-front ADH-1 treatment resulted in significantly reduced tumour burden after 4 weeks. Our findings demonstrate that N-cadherin may play a key role in the extravasation of circulating MM PCs promoting bone marrow homing. Moreover, these studies suggest that N-cadherin may represent a viable therapeutic target to prevent the dissemination of MM PCs and delay MM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Annie W S Chow
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Orest W Blaschuk
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology and Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Stem Cell Research, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology and Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
In myeloma, the understanding of the tissular, cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interactions between tumor plasma cells and bone cells have progressed from in vitro and in vivo studies. However none of the known animal models of myeloma reproduce exactly the human form of the disease. There are currently three types of animal models: (1) injection of pristane oil in BALB/c mice leads to intraperitoneal plasmacytomas but without bone marrow colonization and osteolysis; (2) injection of malignant plasma cell lines in immunodeficient mice SCID or NOD/SCID; the use of the SCID-hu or SCID-rab model allows the use of fresh plasma cells obtained from MM patients; (3) injection of allogeneic malignant plasma cells (5T2MM, 5T33) in the C57BL/KalwRij mouse induces bone marrow proliferation and osteolytic lesions. These cells did not grow in vitro and can be propagated by injection of plasma cells isolated from bone marrow of a mouse at end stage of the disease into young recipient mice. The 5TGM1 is a subclone of 5T33MM cells and can grow in vitro. Among the different models, the 5TMM models and SCID-hu/SCID-rab models were extensively used to test pathophysiological hypotheses and to assess anti-osteoclastic, anti-osteoblastic or anti-tumor therapies in myeloma. In the present review, we report the different types of animal models of MM and describe their interests and limitations.
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Noll JE, Hewett DR, Williams SA, Vandyke K, Kok C, To LB, Zannettino ACW. SAMSN1 is a tumor suppressor gene in multiple myeloma. Neoplasia 2015; 16:572-85. [PMID: 25117979 PMCID: PMC4198825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal growth of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow, is preceded by the benign asymptomatic condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Several genetic abnormalities have been identified as critical for the development of MM; however, a number of these abnormalities are also found in patients with MGUS, indicating that there are other, as yet unidentified, factors that contribute to the onset of MM disease. In this study, we identify a Samsn1 gene deletion in the 5TGM1/C57BL/KaLwRij murine model of myeloma. In addition, SAMSN1 expression is reduced in the malignant CD138 + PCs of patients with MM and this reduced expression correlates to total PC burden. We identify promoter methylation as a potential mechanism through which SAMSN1 expression is modulated in human myeloma cell lines. Notably, re-expression of Samsn1 in the 5TGM1 murine PC line resulted in complete inhibition of MM disease development in vivo and decreased proliferation in stromal cell–PC co-cultures in vitro. This is the first study to identify deletion of a key gene in the C57BL/KaLwRij mice that also displays reduced gene expression in patients with MM and is therefore likely to play an integral role in MM disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharon A Williams
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chung Kok
- Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Laboratory, Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luen B To
- Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
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Charoenphun P, Meszaros LK, Chuamsaamarkkee K, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Ballinger JR, Ferris TJ, Went MJ, Mullen GED, Blower PJ. [(89)Zr]oxinate4 for long-term in vivo cell tracking by positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:278-87. [PMID: 25359636 PMCID: PMC4315484 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (111)In (typically as [(111)In]oxinate3) is a gold standard radiolabel for cell tracking in humans by scintigraphy. A long half-life positron-emitting radiolabel to serve the same purpose using positron emission tomography (PET) has long been sought. We aimed to develop an (89)Zr PET tracer for cell labelling and compare it with [(111)In]oxinate3 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS [(89)Zr]Oxinate4 was synthesised and its uptake and efflux were measured in vitro in three cell lines and in human leukocytes. The in vivo biodistribution of eGFP-5T33 murine myeloma cells labelled using [(89)Zr]oxinate4 or [(111)In]oxinate3 was monitored for up to 14 days. (89)Zr retention by living radiolabelled eGFP-positive cells in vivo was monitored by FACS sorting of liver, spleen and bone marrow cells followed by gamma counting. RESULTS Zr labelling was effective in all cell types with yields comparable with (111)In labelling. Retention of (89)Zr in cells in vitro after 24 h was significantly better (range 71 to >90%) than (111)In (43-52%). eGFP-5T33 cells in vivo showed the same early biodistribution whether labelled with (111)In or (89)Zr (initial pulmonary accumulation followed by migration to liver, spleen and bone marrow), but later translocation of radioactivity to kidneys was much greater for (111)In. In liver, spleen and bone marrow at least 92% of (89)Zr remained associated with eGFP-positive cells after 7 days in vivo. CONCLUSION [(89)Zr]Oxinate4 offers a potential solution to the emerging need for a long half-life PET tracer for cell tracking in vivo and deserves further evaluation of its effects on survival and behaviour of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putthiporn Charoenphun
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Levente K. Meszaros
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Krisanat Chuamsaamarkkee
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - James R. Ballinger
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Trevor J. Ferris
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH UK
| | - Michael J. Went
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH UK
| | - Gregory E. D. Mullen
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King’s College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
- Division of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity St, London, SE11DB UK
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Bieghs L, Lub S, Fostier K, Maes K, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, Johnsen HE, Overgaard MT, Larsson O, Axelson M, Nyegaard M, Schots R, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The IGF-1 receptor inhibitor picropodophyllin potentiates the anti-myeloma activity of a BH3-mimetic. Oncotarget 2014; 5:11193-208. [PMID: 25008202 PMCID: PMC4294345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABT-analogous 737, 263 and 199 are BH3 mimetics showing potent anti-myeloma (MM) activity, but only on defined molecular subgroups of MM patients presenting a Bcl-2high/Mcl-1low profile. IGF-1 is a major survival factor in MM regulating the expression of Bcl-2 proteins and might therefore be a resistance factor to these ABT-analogous. We first show that IGF-1 protected human MM cell lines (HMCLs) against ABT-737. Concurrently, the IGF-1 receptor inhibitor picropodophyllin (PPP) synergistically sensitized HMCL, primary human MM and murine 5T33MM cells to ABT-737 and ABT-199 by further decreasing cell viability and enhancing apoptosis. Knockdown of Bcl-2 by shRNA protected MM cells to ABT-737, while Mcl-1 shRNA sensitized the cells. PPP overcame the Bcl-2 dependency of ABT-737, but failed to completely overcome the protective effect of Mcl-1. In vivo, co-treatment of 5T33MM bearing mice significantly decreased tumor burden and prolonged overall survival both in a prophylactic and therapeutic setting. Interestingly, proteasome inhibitor resistant CD138- 5T33MM cells were more sensitive to ABT-737, whereas PPP alone targeted the CD138+ cells more effectively. After co-treatment, both subpopulations were targeted equally. Together, the combination of an IGF-1R inhibitor and an ABT-analogue displays synergistic anti-myeloma activity providing the rational for further (pre)clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne Lub
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans E. Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Axelson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Immunological dysregulation in multiple myeloma microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:198539. [PMID: 25013764 PMCID: PMC4071780 DOI: 10.1155/2014/198539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a systemic hematologic disease due to uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PC) in bone marrow (BM). Emerging in other solid and liquid cancers, the host immune system and the microenvironment have a pivotal role for PC growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and resistance to drugs and are responsible for some clinical manifestations of MM. In MM, microenvironment is represented by the cellular component of a normal bone marrow together with extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and PC themselves. All these components are able to protect PC from cytotoxic effect of chemo- and radiotherapy. This review is focused on the role of immunome to sustain MM progression, the emerging role of myeloid derived suppressor cells, and their potential clinical implications as novel therapeutic target.
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Noll JE, Williams SA, Tong CM, Wang H, Quach JM, Purton LE, Pilkington K, To LB, Evdokiou A, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW. Myeloma plasma cells alter the bone marrow microenvironment by stimulating the proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Haematologica 2013; 99:163-71. [PMID: 23935020 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematologic cancer characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Numerous studies suggest that the myeloma plasma cells occupy and alter the stromal tissue of the bone marrow as a means of enhancing their survival and growth. However, the nature and magnitude of the changes to the stromal cell tissue remain to be determined. In this study, we used mesenchymal stromal cell and osteoblast-related cell surface marker expression (STRO-1 and alkaline phosphatase, respectively) and flow cytometry to enumerate mesenchymal stromal cell and osteoblast numbers in bone marrow recovered from myeloma patients at the time of diagnosis. Using this approach, we identified an increase in the number of STRO-1 positive colony forming mesenchymal stromal cells and a concomitant decrease in alkaline phophatase osteoblasts. Notably, this increase in mesenchymal stromal cell numbers correlated closely with plasma cell burden at the time of diagnosis. In addition, in comparison with the osteoblast population, the STRO-1+ mesenchymal stromal cell population was found to express higher levels of plasma cell- and osteoclast-activating factors, including RANKL and IL-6, providing a mechanism by which an increase in mesenchymal stromal cells may promote and aid the progression of myeloma. Importantly, these findings were faithfully replicated in the C57BL/KaLwRij murine model of myeloma, suggesting that this model may present a unique and clinically relevant system in which to identify and therapeutically modulate the bone microenvironment and, in turn, alter the progression of myeloma disease.
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Libouban H, Moreau MF, Lesourd M, Baslé MF, Chappard D. Osteolytic Bone Lesions in the 5T2 Multiple Myeloma Model: Radiographic, Scanning Electron Microscopic, and Microtomographic Studies. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2001.24.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nur H, Fostier K, Aspeslagh S, Renmans W, Bertrand E, Leleu X, Favreau M, Breckpot K, Schots R, De Waele M, Van Valckenborgh E, De Bruyne E, Facon T, Elewaut D, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Preclinical evaluation of invariant natural killer T cells in the 5T33 multiple myeloma model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65075. [PMID: 23741460 PMCID: PMC3669090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators have been used in recent years to reactivate host anti-tumor immunity in several hematological malignancies. This report describes the effect of activating natural killer T (NKT) cells by α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) in the 5T33MM model of multiple myeloma (MM). NKT cells are T lymphocytes, co-expressing T and NK receptors, while invariant NKT cells (iNKTs) also express a unique semi-invariant TCR α-chain. We followed iNKT numbers during the development of the disease in both 5T33MM mice and MM patients and found that their numbers dropped dramatically at the end stage of the disease, leading to a loss of total IFN-γ secretion. We furthermore observed that α-GalCer treatment significantly increased the survival of 5T33MM diseased mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time the possibility of using a preclinical murine MM model to study the effects of α-GalCer and show promising results of α-GalCer treatment in a low tumor burden setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Nur
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Renmans
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier Leleu
- Service des maladies du sang, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Mérédis Favreau
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc De Waele
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Facon
- Service des maladies du sang, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Tassone P, Neri P, Burger R, Di Martino MT, Leone E, Amodio N, Caraglia M, Tagliaferri P. Mouse models as a translational platform for the development of new therapeutic agents in multiple myeloma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 12:814-22. [PMID: 22671927 PMCID: PMC3587184 DOI: 10.2174/156800912802429292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of multiple myeloma (MM) are basic tools for translational research and play a fundamental role in the development of new therapeutics against plasma cell malignancies. All available models, including transplantable murine tumors in syngenic mice, xenografts of established human cell lines in immunocompromised mice and transgenic models that mirror specific steps of MM pathogenesis, have demonstrated some weaknesses in predicting clinical results, particularly for new drugs targeting the human bone marrow microenvironment (huBMM). The recent interest to models recapitulating the in vivo growth of primary MM cells in a human (SCID-hu) or humanized (SCID-synth-hu) host recipient has provided powerful platforms for the investigation of new compounds targeting MM and/or its huBMM. Here, we review and discuss strengths and weaknesses of the key in vivo models that are currently utilized in the MM preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tassone
- Medical Oncology, Magna Græcia University, Viale Europa, Campus Salvatore Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Hofgaard PO, Jodal HC, Bommert K, Huard B, Caers J, Carlsen H, Schwarzer R, Schünemann N, Jundt F, Lindeberg MM, Bogen B. A novel mouse model for multiple myeloma (MOPC315.BM) that allows noninvasive spatiotemporal detection of osteolytic disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51892. [PMID: 23284805 PMCID: PMC3527494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal human cancer characterized by a clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow. Mouse models of human MM are technically challenging and do not always recapitulate human disease. Therefore, new mouse models for MM are needed. Mineral-oil induced plasmacytomas (MOPC) develop in the peritoneal cavity of oil-injected BALB/c mice. However, MOPC typically grow extramedullary and are considered poor models of human MM. Here we describe an in vivo-selected MOPC315 variant, called MOPC315.BM, which can be maintained in vitro. When injected i.v. into BALB/c mice, MOPC315.BM cells exhibit tropism for bone marrow. As few as 10(4) MOPC315.BM cells injected i.v. induced paraplegia, a sign of spinal cord compression, in all mice within 3-4 weeks. MOPC315.BM cells were stably transfected with either firefly luciferase (MOPC315.BM.Luc) or DsRed (MOPC315.BM.DsRed) for studies using noninvasive imaging. MOPC315.BM.Luc cells were detected in the tibiofemoral region already 1 hour after i.v. injection. Bone foci developed progressively, and as of day 5, MM cells were detected in multiple sites in the axial skeleton. Additionally, the spleen (a hematopoietic organ in the mouse) was invariably affected. Luminescent signals correlated with serum myeloma protein concentration, allowing for easy tracking of tumor load with noninvasive imaging. Affected mice developed osteolytic lesions. The MOPC315.BM model employs a common strain of immunocompetent mice (BALB/c) and replicates many characteristics of human MM. The model should be suitable for studies of bone marrow tropism, development of osteolytic lesions, drug testing, and immunotherapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O. Hofgaard
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette C. Jodal
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kurt Bommert
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken and Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Division of Hematology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Department of Pathology-Immunology, Geneva University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jo Caers
- Department of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Schwarzer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Schünemann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Jundt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mona M. Lindeberg
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Xu S, Menu E, De Becker A, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are attracted by multiple myeloma cell-produced chemokine CCL25 and favor myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells 2012; 30:266-79. [PMID: 22102554 DOI: 10.1002/stem.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells that are predominantly localized in the bone marrow (BM). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) give rise to most BM stromal cells that interact with MM cells. However, the direct involvement of MSCs in the pathophysiology of MM has not been well addressed. In this study, in vitro and in vivo migration assays revealed that MSCs have tropism toward MM cells, and CCL25 was identified as a major MM cell-produced chemoattractant for MSCs. By coculture experiments, we found that MSCs favor the proliferation of stroma-dependent MM cells through soluble factors and cell to cell contact, which was confirmed by intrafemoral coengraftment experiments. We also demonstrated that MSCs protected MM cells against spontaneous and Bortezomib-induced apoptosis. The tumor-promoting effect of MSCs correlated with their capacity to enhance AKT and ERK activities in MM cells, accompanied with increased expression of CyclinD2, CDK4, and Bcl-XL and decreased cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase expression. In turn, MM cells upregulated interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, insulin growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and dickkopf homolog 1 expression in MSCs. Finally, infusion of in vitro-expanded murine MSCs in 5T33MM mice resulted in a significantly shorter survival. MSC infusion is a promising way to support hematopoietic recovery and to control graft versus host disease in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, our data suggest that MSC-based cytotherapy has a potential risk for MM disease progression or relapse and should be considered with caution in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Division of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
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Impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from multiple myeloma patients is associated with a blockade in the deactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. Leukemia 2012; 26:2546-9. [PMID: 22652628 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Hypoxia promotes dissemination of multiple myeloma through acquisition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like features. Blood 2012; 119:5782-94. [PMID: 22394600 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-380410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of multiple myeloma (MM) involves (re)circulation into the peripheral blood and (re)entrance or homing of MM cells into new sites of the BM. Hypoxia in solid tumors was shown to promote metastasis through activation of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We hypothesized that MM-associated hypoxic conditions activate EMT-related proteins and promote metastasis of MM cells. In the present study, we have shown that hypoxia activates EMT-related machinery in MM cells, decreases the expression of E-cadherin, and, consequently, decreases the adhesion of MM cells to the BM and enhances egress of MM cells to the circulation. In parallel, hypoxia increased the expression of CXCR4, consequently increasing the migration and homing of circulating MM cells to new BM niches. Further studies to manipulate hypoxia to regulate tumor dissemination as a therapeutic strategy are warranted.
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50
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Lemaire M, Fristedt C, Agarwal P, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, De Bruyne E, Österborg A, Atadja P, Larsson O, Axelson M, Van Camp B, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Vanderkerken K. The HDAC Inhibitor LBH589 Enhances the Antimyeloma Effects of the IGF-1RTK Inhibitor Picropodophyllin. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2230-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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