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Bieghs L, Johnsen HE, Maes K, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, Overgaard MT, Nyegaard M, Conover CA, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The insulin-like growth factor system in multiple myeloma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48732-48752. [PMID: 27129151 PMCID: PMC5217049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy. The MM cells reside in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. As in most cancers, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathogenesis of MM. The IGF system consists of IGF ligands, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases and contributes not only to the survival, proliferation, and homing of MM cells, but also MM-associated angiogenesis and osteolysis. Furthermore, increased IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression on MM cells correlates with a poor prognosis in MM patients. Despite the prominent role of the IGF system in MM, strategies targeting the IGF-IR using blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors have failed to translate into the clinic. However, increasing preclinical evidence indicates that IGF-I is also involved in the development of drug resistance against current standard-of-care agents against MM, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and corticoids. IGF-IR targeting has been able to overcome or revert this drug resistance in animal models, enhancing the efficacy of standard-of-care agents. This finding has generated renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of IGF-I targeting in MM. The present review provides an update of the impact of the different IGF system components in MM and discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans E Johnsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Bieghs L, Brohus M, Kristensen IB, Abildgaard N, Bøgsted M, Johnsen HE, Conover CA, De Bruyne E, Vanderkerken K, Overgaard MT, Nyegaard M. Abnormal IGF-Binding Protein Profile in the Bone Marrow of Multiple Myeloma Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154256. [PMID: 27111220 PMCID: PMC4844248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling plays a key role in homing, progression, and treatment resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). In the extracellular environment, the majority of IGF molecules are bound to one of six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1-6), leaving a minor fraction of total IGF free and accessible for receptor activation. In MM, high IGF-receptor type 1 expression levels correlate with a poor prognosis, but the status and role of IGF and IGFBPs in the pathobiology of MM is unknown. Here we measured total IGF1, IGF2, and intact IGFBP levels in blood and bone marrow samples from MM (n = 17), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n = 37), and control individuals (n = 15), using ELISA (IGFs) and 125I-IGF1 Western Ligand Blotting (IGFBPs). MGUS and MM patients displayed a significant increase in intact IGFBP-2 (2.5-3.8 fold) and decrease in intact IGFBP-3 (0.6-0.5 fold) in the circulation compared to control individuals. Further, IGFBP-2 as well as total IGFBP levels were significantly lower in bone marrow compared to circulation in MM and MGUS only, whereas IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP-3 were equally distributed between the two compartments. In conclusion, the profound change in IGFBP profile strongly suggests an increased IGF bioavailability in the bone marrow microenvironment in MGUS and MM, despite no change in growth factor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Brohus
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ida B. Kristensen
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Hans E. Johnsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A. Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bieghs L, Lub S, Fostier K, Maes K, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, Johnsen HE, Overgaard MT, Larsson O, Axelson M, Nyegaard M, Schots R, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The IGF-1 receptor inhibitor picropodophyllin potentiates the anti-myeloma activity of a BH3-mimetic. Oncotarget 2014; 5:11193-208. [PMID: 25008202 PMCID: PMC4294345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABT-analogous 737, 263 and 199 are BH3 mimetics showing potent anti-myeloma (MM) activity, but only on defined molecular subgroups of MM patients presenting a Bcl-2high/Mcl-1low profile. IGF-1 is a major survival factor in MM regulating the expression of Bcl-2 proteins and might therefore be a resistance factor to these ABT-analogous. We first show that IGF-1 protected human MM cell lines (HMCLs) against ABT-737. Concurrently, the IGF-1 receptor inhibitor picropodophyllin (PPP) synergistically sensitized HMCL, primary human MM and murine 5T33MM cells to ABT-737 and ABT-199 by further decreasing cell viability and enhancing apoptosis. Knockdown of Bcl-2 by shRNA protected MM cells to ABT-737, while Mcl-1 shRNA sensitized the cells. PPP overcame the Bcl-2 dependency of ABT-737, but failed to completely overcome the protective effect of Mcl-1. In vivo, co-treatment of 5T33MM bearing mice significantly decreased tumor burden and prolonged overall survival both in a prophylactic and therapeutic setting. Interestingly, proteasome inhibitor resistant CD138- 5T33MM cells were more sensitive to ABT-737, whereas PPP alone targeted the CD138+ cells more effectively. After co-treatment, both subpopulations were targeted equally. Together, the combination of an IGF-1R inhibitor and an ABT-analogue displays synergistic anti-myeloma activity providing the rational for further (pre)clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne Lub
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel Fostier
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans E. Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Axelson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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