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Kayama R, Tsujino K, Kawabata S, Fujikawa Y, Kashiwagi H, Fukuo Y, Hiramatsu R, Takata T, Tanaka H, Suzuki M, Hu N, Miyatake SI, Takami T, Wanibuchi M. Translational research of boron neutron capture therapy for spinal cord gliomas using rat model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8265. [PMID: 38594281 PMCID: PMC11003979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a type of targeted particle radiation therapy with potential applications at the cellular level. Spinal cord gliomas (SCGs) present a substantial challenge owing to their poor prognosis and the lack of effective postoperative treatments. This study evaluated the efficacy of BNCT in a rat SCGs model employing the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale to assess postoperative locomotor activity. We confirmed the presence of adequate in vitro boron concentrations in F98 rat glioma and 9L rat gliosarcoma cells exposed to boronophenylalanine (BPA) and in vivo tumor boron concentration 2.5 h after intravenous BPA administration. In vivo neutron irradiation significantly enhanced survival in the BNCT group when compared with that in the untreated group, with a minimal BBB scale reduction in all sham-operated groups. These findings highlight the potential of BNCT as a promising treatment option for SCGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsujino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Fujikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-Cho, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-Cho, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-Cho, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naonori Hu
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
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An Integrated Monte Carlo Model for Heterogeneous Glioblastoma Treated with Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051550. [PMID: 36900341 PMCID: PMC10001318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notorious for their aggressive features, e.g., intrinsic radioresistance, extensive heterogeneity, hypoxia, and highly infiltrative behaviours. The prognosis has remained poor despite recent advances in systemic and modern X-ray radiotherapy. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) represents an alternative radiotherapy technique for GBM. Previously, a Geant4 BNCT modelling framework was developed for a simplified model of GBM. PURPOSE The current work expands on the previous model by applying a more realistic in silico GBM model with heterogeneous radiosensitivity and anisotropic microscopic extensions (ME). METHODS Each cell within the GBM model was assigned an α/β value associated with different GBM cell lines and a 10B concentration. Dosimetry matrices corresponding to various MEs were calculated and combined to evaluate cell survival fractions (SF) using clinical target volume (CTV) margins of 2.0 & 2.5 cm. SFs for the BNCT simulation were compared with external X-ray radiotherapy (EBRT) SFs. RESULTS The SFs within the beam region decreased by more than two times compared to EBRT. It was demonstrated that BNCT results in markedly reduced SFs for both CTV margins compared to EBRT. However, the SF reduction as a result of the CTV margin extension using BNCT was significantly lower than using X-ray EBRT for one MEP distribution, while it remained similar for the other two MEP models. CONCLUSIONS Although the efficiency of BNCT in terms of cell kill is superior to EBRT, the extension of the CTV margin by 0.5 cm may not increase the BNCT treatment outcome significantly.
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Hu N, Tanaka H, Ono K. Design of a filtration system to improve the dose distribution of an accelerator-based neutron capture therapy system. Med Phys 2022; 49:6609-6621. [PMID: 35941788 PMCID: PMC9804710 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to design and evaluate a neutron filtration system to improve the dose distribution of an accelerator-based neutron capture therapy system. METHODS An LiF-sintered plate composed of 99%-enriched 6 Li was utilized to filter out low-energy neutrons to increase the average neutron energy at the beam exit. A 5-mm thick filter to fit inside a 12-cm diameter circular collimator was manufactured, and experimental measurements were performed to measure the thermal neutron flux and gamma-ray dose rate inside a water phantom. The experimental measurements were compared with the Monte Carlo simulation, particle, and heavy ion transport code system. Following the experimental verification, three filter designs were modeled, and the thermal neutron flux and the biologically weighted dose distribution inside a phantom were simulated. Following the phantom simulation, a dummy patient CT dataset was used to simulate a boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) irradiation of the brain. A mock tumor located at 4, 6, 8 cm along the central axis and 4-cm off-axis was set, and the dose distribution was simulated for a maximum total biologically weighted brain dose of 12.5 Gy with a beam entering from the vertex. RESULTS All three filters improved the beam penetration of the accelerator-based neutron source. Filter design C was found to be the most suitable filter, increasing the advantage depth from 9.1 to 9.9 cm. Compared with the unfiltered beam, the mean weighted dose in the tumor located at a depth of 8 cm along the beam axis was increased by ∼25%, and 34% for the tumor located at a depth of 8 cm and off-axis by 4 cm. CONCLUSION A neutron filtration system for an accelerator-based BNCT system was investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed filter design significantly improved the dose distribution for the treatment of deep targets in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naonori Hu
- Kansai BNCT Medical CenterOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityOsakaJapan,Particle Radiation Oncology Research CenterKyoto UniversityInstitute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research CenterKyoto UniversityInstitute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear ScienceOsakaJapan
| | - Koji Ono
- Kansai BNCT Joint Clinical InstituteOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiOsaka569‐8686Japan
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Chermat R, Ziaee M, Mak DY, Refet-Mollof E, Rodier F, Wong P, Carrier JF, Kamio Y, Gervais T. Radiotherapy on-chip: microfluidics for translational radiation oncology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2065-2079. [PMID: 35477748 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The clinical importance of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients justifies the development and use of research tools at the fundamental, pre-clinical, and ultimately clinical levels, to investigate their toxicities and synergies with systemic agents on relevant biological samples. Although microfluidics has prompted a paradigm shift in drug discovery in the past two decades, it appears to have yet to translate to radiotherapy research. However, the materials, dimensions, design versatility and multiplexing capabilities of microfluidic devices make them well-suited to a variety of studies involving radiation physics, radiobiology and radiotherapy. This review will present the state-of-the-art applications of microfluidics in these fields and specifically highlight the perspectives offered by radiotherapy on-a-chip in the field of translational radiobiology and precision medicine. This body of knowledge can serve both the microfluidics and radiotherapy communities by identifying potential collaboration avenues to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodin Chermat
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Ziaee
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Y Mak
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Refet-Mollof
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-François Carrier
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuji Kamio
- Département de Radio-oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- μFO Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Response of Normal Tissues to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) with 10B-Borocaptate Sodium (BSH) and 10B-Paraboronophenylalanine (BPA). Cells 2021; 10:cells10112883. [PMID: 34831105 PMCID: PMC8616460 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer-selective radiotherapy that utilizes the cancer targeting 10B-compound. Cancer cells that take up the compound are substantially damaged by the high liner energy transfer (LET) particles emitted mainly from the 10B(n, α7Li reaction. BNCT can minimize the dose to normal tissues, but it must be performed within the tolerable range of normal tissues. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the response of normal tissues to BNCT. Since BNCT yields a mixture of high and low LET radiations that make it difficult to understand the radiobiological basis of BNCT, it is important to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and compound biological effectiveness (CBE) factors for assessing the responses of normal tissues to BNCT. BSH and BPA are the only 10B-compounds that can be used for clinical BNCT. Their biological behavior and cancer targeting mechanisms are different; therefore, they affect the CBE values differently. In this review, we present the RBE and CBE values of BPA or BSH for normal tissue damage by BNCT irradiation. The skin, brain (spinal cord), mucosa, lung, and liver are included as normal tissues. The CBE values of BPA and BSH for tumor control are also discussed.
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Takeuchi K, Kawabata S, Hiramatsu R, Matsushita Y, Tanaka H, Sakurai Y, Suzuki M, Ono K, Miyatake SI, Kuroiwa T. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for High-Grade Skull-Base Meningioma. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2018; 79:S322-S327. [PMID: 30210985 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1666837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a nuclear reaction-based tumor cell-selective particle irradiation that occurs when nonradioactive Boron-10 is irradiated with low-energy neutrons to produce high-energy α particles (10B [ n , α] 7Li). Possible complications associated with extended surgical resection render high-grade meningioma (HGM) a challenging pathology and skull-base meningiomas (SBMs) even more challenging. Lately, we have been trying to control HGMs using BNCT. This study aims to elucidate whether the recurrence and outcome of HGMs and SBMs differ based on their location. Design Retrospective review. Setting Osaka Medical College Hospital and Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute. Participants Between 2005 and 2014, 31 patients with recurrent HGM (7 SBMs) were treated with BNCT. Main Outcome Measures Overall survival and the subgroup analysis by the anatomical tumor location. Results Positron emission tomography revealed that HGMs exhibited 3.8 times higher boron accumulation than the normal brain. Although tumors displayed transient increases in size in several cases, all lesions were found to decrease during observation. Furthermore, the median survival time of patients with SBMs post-BNCT and after being diagnosed as high-grade were 24.6 and 67.5 months, respectively (vs non-SBMs: 40.4 and 47.5 months). Conclusions BNCT could be a robust and beneficial therapeutic modality for patients with high-grade SBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsushita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Medical Physics, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Medical Physics, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Department of Particle Radiation Oncology, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Section for Advanced Medical Development, Cancer Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Calabrese G, Daou A, Barbu E, Tsibouklis J. Towards carborane-functionalised structures for the treatment of brain cancer. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:63-75. [PMID: 28886331 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising targeted chemoradiotherapeutic technique for the management of invasive brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A prerequisite for effective BNCT is the selective targeting of tumour cells with 10B-rich therapeutic moieties. To this end, polyhedral boranes, especially carboranes, have received considerable attention because they combine a high boron content with relative low toxicity and metabolic inertness. Here, we review progress in the molecular design of recently investigated carborane derivatives in light of the widely accepted performance requirements for effective BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Calabrese
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Anis Daou
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - John Tsibouklis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
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Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Development of an integrated Monte Carlo model for glioblastoma multiforme treated with boron neutron capture therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7069. [PMID: 28765533 PMCID: PMC5539248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are notorious for their high fatality rate. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) being a biochemically targeted type of radiotherapy is a potent modality for GBM. In the current work, a BNCT treatment modelling framework for GBM was developed. Optimal Clinical Target Volume (CTV) margins for GBM-BNCT and the BNCT efficacy have been investigated. The model integrated a cell-based dosimetry model, an in-house-developed epithermal neutron beam model and previously-developed Microscopic Extension Probability (MEP) model. The system was defined as a cubic ICRP-brain phantom divided into 20 μm side voxels. The corresponding 10B concentrations in GBM and normal brain cells were applied. The in-silico model was irradiated with the epithermal neutron beam using 2 and 2.5 cm CTV margins. Results from the cell-based dosimetry and the MEP models were combined to calculate GBM cell survival fractions (SF) post BNCT and compared to x-ray radiotherapy (XRT) SFs. Compared to XRT, the SF within the beam decreased by five orders of magnitudes and the total SF was reduced three times following BNCT. CTV extension by 0.5 cm reduced the SF by additional (53.8 ± 0.3)%. In conclusion, BNCT results in a more efficient cell kill. The extension of the CTV margin, however, may not increase the treatment outcome significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Moghaddasi
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Department of Medical Physics, Adelaide Radiotherapy Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Eva Bezak
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Watanabe T, Hattori Y, Ohta Y, Ishimura M, Nakagawa Y, Sanada Y, Tanaka H, Fukutani S, Masunaga SI, Hiraoka M, Ono K, Suzuki M, Kirihata M. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics between L-BPA and L-FBPA using the same administration dose and protocol: a validation study for the theranostic approach using [ 18F]-L-FBPA positron emission tomography in boron neutron capture therapy. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:859. [PMID: 27821116 PMCID: PMC5100278 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cellular-level particle radiation therapy that combines the selective delivery of boron compounds to tumour tissue with neutron irradiation. L-p-Boronophenylalanine (L-BPA) is a boron compound now widely used in clinical situations. Determination of the boron distribution is required for successful BNCT prior to neutron irradiation. Thus, positron emission tomography with [18F]-L-FBPA, an 18F-labelled radiopharmaceutical analogue of L-BPA, was developed. However, several differences between L-BPA and [18F]-L-FBPA have been highlighted, including the different injection doses and administration protocols. The purpose of this study was to clarify the equivalence between L-BPA and [19F]-L-FBPA as alternatives to [18F]-L-FBPA. Methods SCC-VII was subcutaneously inoculated into the legs of C3H/He mice. The same dose of L-BPA or [19F]-L-FBPA was subcutaneously injected. The time courses of the boron concentrations in blood, tumour tissue, and normal tissue were compared between the groups. Next, we administered the therapeutic dose of L-BPA or the same dose of [19F]-L-FBPA by continuous infusion and compared the effects of the administration protocol on boron accumulation in tissues. Results There were no differences between L-BPA and [19F]-L-FBPA in the transition of boron concentrations in blood, tumour tissue, and normal tissue using the same administration protocol. However, the normal tissue to blood ratio of the boron concentrations in the continuous-infusion group was lower than that in the subcutaneous injection group. Conclusions No difference was noted in the time course of the boron concentrations in tumour tissue and normal tissues between L-BPA and [19F]-L-FBPA. However, the administration protocol had effects on the normal tissue to blood ratio of the boron concentration. In estimating the BNCT dose in normal tissue by positron emission tomography (PET), we should consider the possible overestimation of the normal tissue to blood ratio of the boron concentrations derived from the values measured by PET on dose calculation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2913-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Watanabe
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hattori
- Research Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Youichiro Ohta
- Research Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Ishimura
- Research Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakagawa
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukutani
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
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Shimosegawa E, Isohashi K, Naka S, Horitsugi G, Hatazawa J. Assessment of 10B concentration in boron neutron capture therapy: potential of image-guided therapy using 18FBPA PET. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:749-755. [PMID: 27586407 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer, the accurate estimation of 10B tissue concentrations, especially in neighboring normal organs, is important to avoid adverse effects. The 10B concentration in normal organs after loading with 10B, however, has not been established in humans. In this study, we performed 4-borono-2-[18F]-fluoro-phenylalanine (18FBPA) PET in healthy volunteers and estimated the chronological changes in the 10B concentrations of normal organs. METHODS In 6 healthy volunteers, whole-body 18FBPA PET scans were repeated 7 times during 1 h, and the mean 18FBPA distributions of 13 organs were measured. Based on the 18FBPA PET data, we then estimated the changes in the 10B concentrations of the organs when the injection of a therapeutic dose of 10BPA-fructose complex (10BPA-fr; 30 g, 500 mg/kg body weight) was assumed. RESULTS The maximum mean 18FBPA concentrations were reached at 2-6 min after injection in all the organs except the brain and urinary bladder. The mean 18FBPA concentration in normal brain plateaued at 24 min after injection. When the injection of a therapeutic dose of 10BPA-fr was assumed, the estimated mean 10B concentration in the kidney increased to 126.1 ± 24.2 ppm at 3 min after injection and then rapidly decreased to 30.9 ± 7.4 ppm at 53 min. The estimated mean 10B concentration in the bladder gradually increased and reached 383.6 ± 214.7 ppm at 51 min. The mean 10B concentration in the brain was estimated to be 7.6 ± 1.5 ppm at 57 min. CONCLUSIONS 18FBPA PET has a potential to estimate 10B concentration of normal organs before neutron irradiation of BNCT when several assumptions are validated in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kayako Isohashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Ono K. An analysis of the structure of the compound biological effectiveness factor. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57 Suppl 1:i83-i89. [PMID: 27021218 PMCID: PMC4990111 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This report is an analysis of the structure of the compound biological effectiveness (CBE) factor. The value of the CBE factor previously reported was revalued for the central nervous system, skin and lung. To describe the structure, the following terms are introduced: the vascular CBE (v-CBE), intraluminal CBE (il-CBE), extraluminal CBE (el-CBE) and non-vascular CBE (nv-CBE) factors and the geometric biological factor (GBF), i.e. the contributions that are derived from the total dose to the vasculature, each dose to vasculature from the intraluminal side and the extraluminal side, the dose to the non-vascular tissue and the factor to calculate el-CBE from il-CBE, respectively. The el-CBE factor element was also introduced to relate il-CBE to el-CBE factors. A CBE factor of 0.36 for disodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH) for the CNS was independent of the (10)B level in the blood; however, that for p-Boron-L-phenylalanine (BPA) increased with the (10)B level ratio of the normal tissue to the blood (N/B). The CBE factor was expressed as follows: factor = 0.32 + N/B × 1.65. The factor of 0.32 at 0 of N/B was close to the CBE factor for BSH. GBFs had similar values, between BSH and BPA, 1.39 and 1.52, respectively. The structure of the CBE factor for BPA to the lung was also elucidated based on this idea. The factor is described as follows: CBE factor = 0.32 + N/B × 1.80. By this elucidation of the structure of the CBE factor, it is expected that basic and clinical research into boron neutron capture therapy will progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ono
- Research Division of Advanced Neutron Therapy, Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2-1010, Asashironishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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Watanabe T, Tanaka H, Fukutani S, Suzuki M, Hiraoka M, Ono K. L-Phenylalanine preloading reduces the (10)B(n, α)(7)Li dose to the normal brain by inhibiting the uptake of boronophenylalanine in boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumours. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:27-32. [PMID: 26455769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cellular-level particle radiation therapy that combines the selective delivery of boron compounds to tumour tissue with neutron irradiation. Previously, high doses of one of the boron compounds used for BNCT, L-BPA, were found to reduce the boron-derived irradiation dose to the central nervous system. However, injection with a high dose of L-BPA is not feasible in clinical settings. We aimed to find an alternative method to improve the therapeutic efficacy of this therapy. We examined the effects of oral preloading with various analogues of L-BPA in a xenograft tumour model and found that high-dose L-phenylalanine reduced the accumulation of L-BPA in the normal brain relative to tumour tissue. As a result, the maximum irradiation dose in the normal brain was 19.2% lower in the L-phenylalanine group relative to the control group. This study provides a simple strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional boron compounds for BNCT for brain tumours and the possibility to widen the indication of BNCT to various kinds of other tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Watanabe
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Osaka 590-0494, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukutani
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Osaka 590-0494, Japan.
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Kawabata S, Hiramatsu R, Kuroiwa T, Ono K, Miyatake SI. Boron neutron capture therapy for recurrent high-grade meningiomas. J Neurosurg 2013; 119:837-44. [PMID: 23808536 DOI: 10.3171/2013.5.jns122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Similar to glioblastomas, high-grade meningiomas are difficult pathologies to control. In this study, the authors used boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a tumor-selective intensive particle radiation modality, to treat high-grade meningioma. METHODS From June 2005 to September 2011, BNCT was applied 28 times in 20 cases of recurrent high-grade meningioma. All patients had previously undergone intensive treatments such as repetitive surgeries and multiple sessions of radiation therapy. Fluorine-18-labeled boronophenylalanine ((18)F-BPA) PET was performed before BNCT in 19 of the 20 cases; BPA is itself a therapeutic compound. Compound uptake, tumor shrinkage, long-term control rate including survival time, and failure pattern of the treated patients were all evaluated. RESULTS Eighteen of 19 cases studied using (18)F-BPA PET showed good BPA uptake, with ratios of tumor to normal brain greater than 2.7. These ratios indicated the likely effects of BNCT prior to neutron irradiation. The original tumor sizes were between 4.3 cm(3) and 109 cm(3). A mean tumor volume reduction of 64.5% was obtained after BNCT within just 2 months. The median follow-up duration was 13 months. Six patients are still alive; at present, the median survival times after BNCT and diagnosis are 14.1 months (95% CI 8.6-40.4 months) and 45.7 months (95% CI 32.4-70.7 months), respectively. Clinical symptoms before BNCT, such as hemiparesis and facial pain, were improved after BNCT in symptomatic cases. Systemic metastasis, intracranial distant recurrence outside the radiation field, CSF dissemination, and local tumor progression were observed in 6, 7, 3, and 3 cases, respectively, during the clinical course. Apparent pseudoprogression was observed in at least 3 cases. Symptomatic radiation injuries occurred in 6 cases, and were controllable in all but 1 case. CONCLUSIONS Boron neutron capture therapy may be especially effective in cases of high-grade meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki
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Repair of Radiation Damage and Radiation Injury to the Spinal Cord. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4090-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Kiger JL, Kiger WS, Riley KJ, Binns PJ, Patel H, Hopewell JW, Harling OK, Busse PM, Coderre JA. Functional and Histological Changes in Rat Lung after Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Radiat Res 2008; 170:60-9. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1266.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sztejnberg Gonçalves-Carralves ML, Jevremovic T. Numerical assessment of radiation binary targeted therapy for HER-2 positive breast cancers: advanced calculations and radiation dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2007; 52:4245-64. [PMID: 17664606 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/14/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous publication (Mundy et al 2006 Phys. Med. Biol. 51 1377) we have described the theoretical assessment of our novel approach in radiation binary targeted therapy for HER-2 positive breast cancers and summarized the future directions in this area of research. In this paper we advanced the numerical analysis to show the detailed radiation dose distribution for various neutron sources in combination with the required boron concentration and allowed radiation skin doses. We once again proved the feasibility of the concept and will use these data and conclusions to start with the experimental verifications.
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Coderre JA, Morris GM, Micca PL, Hopewell JW, Verhagen I, Kleiboer BJ, van der Kogel AJ. Late Effects of Radiation on the Central Nervous System: Role of Vascular Endothelial Damage and Glial Stem Cell Survival. Radiat Res 2006; 166:495-503. [PMID: 16953668 DOI: 10.1667/rr3597.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Selective irradiation of the vasculature of the rat spinal cord was used in this study, which was designed specifically to address the question as to whether it is the endothelial cell or the glial progenitor cell that is the target responsible for late white matter necrosis in the CNS. Selective irradiation of the vascular endothelium was achieved by the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of a boron compound known as BSH (Na(2)B(12)H(11)SH), followed by local irradiation with thermal neutrons. The blood-brain barrier is known to exclude BSH from the CNS parenchyma. Thirty minutes after the ip injection of BSH, the boron concentration in blood was 100 microg (10)B/ g, while that in the CNS parenchyma was below the detection limit of the boron analysis system, <1 microg (10)B/g. An ex vivo clonogenic assay of the O2A (oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte) glial progenitor cell survival was performed 1 week after irradiation and at various times during the latent period before white matter necrosis in the spinal cord resulted in myelopathy. One week after 4.5 Gy of thermal neutron irradiation alone (approximately one-third of the dose required to produce a 50% incidence of radiation myelopathy), the average glial progenitor cell surviving fraction was 0.03. The surviving fraction of glial progenitor cells after a thermal neutron irradiation with BSH for a comparable effect was 0.46. The high level of glial progenitor cell survival after irradiation in the presence of BSH clearly reflects the lower dose delivered to the parenchyma due to the complete exclusion of BSH by the blood-brain barrier. The intermediate response of glial progenitor cells after irradiation with thermal neutrons in the presence of a boron compound known as BPA (p-dihydroxyboryl-phenylalanine), again for a dose that represents one-third the ED(50) for radiation-induced myelopathy, reflects the differential partition of boron-10 between blood and CNS parenchyma for this compound, which crosses the blood-brain barrier, at the time of irradiation. The large differences in glial progenitor survival seen 1 week after irradiation were also maintained during the 4-5-month latent period before the development of radiation myelopathy, due to selective white matter necrosis, after irradiation with doses that would produce a high incidence of radiation myelopathy. Glial progenitor survival was similar to control values at 100 days after irradiation with a dose of thermal neutrons in the presence of BSH, significantly greater than the ED(100), shortly before the normal time of onset of myelopathy. In contrast, glial progenitor survival was less than 1% of control levels after irradiation with 15 Gy of thermal neutrons alone. This dose of thermal neutrons represents the approximate ED(90-100) for myelopathy. The response to irradiation with an equivalent dose of X rays (ED(90): 23 Gy) was intermediate between these extremes as it was to thermal neutrons in the presence of BPA at a slightly lower dose equivalent to the approximate ED(60) for radiation myelopathy. The conclusions from these studies, performed at dose levels approximately iso-effective for radiation-induced myelopathy as a consequence of white matter necrosis, were that the large differences observed in glial progenitor survival were directly related to the dose distribution in the parenchyma. These observations clearly indicate the relative importance of the dose to the vascular endothelium as the primary event leading to white matter necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Coderre
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Otsuka S, Coderre JA, Micca PL, Morris GM, Hopewell JW, Rola R, Fike JR. Depletion of Neural Precursor Cells after Local Brain Irradiation is due to Radiation Dose to the Parenchyma, not the Vasculature. Radiat Res 2006; 165:582-91. [PMID: 16669713 DOI: 10.1667/rr3539.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms associated with radiation-induced cognitive impairments remain elusive but may involve changes in hippocampal neural precursor cells. Proliferating neural precursor cells have been shown to be extremely sensitive to X rays, either from damage to the cells themselves and/or through microenvironmental factors, including the anatomical relationship with the microvasculature, which is altered by radiation. The neutron capture reaction in boron was used to determine whether the sensitivity of neural precursor cells was dominated by direct radiation effects or was mediated through changes in the microvasculature. Young adult rats were irradiated with X rays, neutrons only, or neutrons plus either mercapto-undecahydro-dodecaborane (BSH) or p-dihydroxyboryl-phenylalanine (BPA). BSH remains inside cerebral vessels, thereby limiting the neutron capture intravascularly; BPA readily passes into the parenchyma. One month after irradiation, cell proliferation and numbers of immature neurons were determined using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that (1) neural precursor cells and their progeny were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by mixed high- and low-LET radiation, and (2) selective irradiation of the microvasculature resulted in less loss of neural precursor cells than when the radiation dose was delivered uniformly to the parenchyma. This information, and in particular the approach of selectively irradiating the vasculature, may be useful in developing radioprotective compounds for use during therapeutic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Otsuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, USA
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Morris GM, Micca PL, Coderre JA. The effect of dexamethasone on the uptake of p-boronophenylalanine in the rat brain and intracranial 9L gliosarcoma. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 61:917-21. [PMID: 15308168 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The steroid dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX) is routinely used to treat edema in brain tumor patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DEX on the uptake of boronophenylalanine (BPA) using the rat 9L gliosarcoma tumor model and surrounding brain tissue. Two steroid dosage protocols were used. The high-dose DEX protocol involved five 3mg/kg intraperitoneal injections at 47, 35, 23, 11 and 1 h prior to the administration of the BPA for a total dose of 15 mg DEX/kg rat. The low-dose DEX administration protocol involved two doses of 1.5mg/kg at 17 h and 1h prior to BPA injection for a total dose of 3mg DEX/kg rat. The control animals received no pretreatment, prior to the administration of BPA. Seventeen days after tumor implantation, rats were injected i.p. with 0.014 ml/g body weight BPA solution (1200 mg BPA/kg; approximately 59 mg (10)B/kg). In all groups, rats were euthanized at 3h after BPA injection. Administration of the steroid had an effect on tumor weight, which decreased to approximately 78% (p > 0.05) of the control weight in the low-dose DEX group, and approximately 48% (p < 0.001) of the control weight in the high-dose DEX group. At 3 h after the administration of BPA, the concentration of boron in tumor was comparable (p > 0.1) in the control and high-dose DEX groups. The lowest mean value (73.8+/-1.6 microg/g) was obtained in the low-dose DEX group. This was significantly lower (p > 0.02) than the tumor boron contents in the high-dose DEX and control groups, which were 81.1+/-1.9 and 79.9+/-1.7 microg/g, respectively. Tumor:blood boron partition ratios for the control, low- and high-dose DEX groups were 2.3, 2.3 and 2.5, respectively. Boron concentrations were also measured in the normal brain and in the zone of brain adjacent to the tumor exhibiting edema. Although treatment with DEX had no appreciable effect on boron uptake in the normal brain of the rat, after the administration of BPA, it did impact on the boron levels in the zone of peritumoral edema. After the high-dose DEX administration protocol, boron levels in the zone of edema were reduced by approximately 14% (p < 0.02). This finding suggests that BPA targeting of tumor cells in the peritumoral zone could be compromised by DEX. These cells appear to play a critical role in tumor recurrence after BNCT or conventional radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Morris
- Normal Tissue Radiobiological Research Group, Research Institute, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
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Coderre JA, Turcotte JC, Riley KJ, Binns PJ, Harling OK, Kiger WS. Boron neutron capture therapy: cellular targeting of high linear energy transfer radiation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2004; 2:355-75. [PMID: 14529302 DOI: 10.1177/153303460300200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the preferential targeting of tumor cells with (10)B and subsequent activation with thermal neutrons to produce a highly localized radiation. In theory, it is possible to selectively irradiate a tumor and the associated infiltrating tumor cells with large single doses of high-LET radiation while sparing the adjacent normal tissues. The mixture of high- and low-LET dose components created in tissue during neutron irradiation complicates the radiobiology of BNCT. Much of the complexity has been unravelled through a combination of preclinical experimentation and clinical dose escalation experience. Over 350 patients have been treated in a number of different facilities worldwide. The accumulated clinical experience has demonstrated that BNCT can be delivered safely but is still defining the limits of normal brain tolerance. Several independent BNCT clinical protocols have demonstrated that BNCT can produce median survivals in patients with glioblastoma that appear to be equivalent to conventional photon therapy. This review describes the individual components and methodologies required for effect BNCT: the boron delivery agents; the analytical techniques; the neutron beams; the dosimetry and radiation biology measurements; and how these components have been integrated into a series of clinical studies. The single greatest weakness of BNCT at the present time is non-uniform delivery of boron into all tumor cells. Future improvements in BNCT effectiveness will come from improved boron delivery agents, improved boron administration protocols, or through combination of BNCT with other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Coderre
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Morris GM, Micca PL, Nawrocky MM, Weissfloch LE, Coderre JA. Long-term infusions of p-boronophenylalanine for boron neutron capture therapy: evaluation using rat brain tumor and spinal cord models. Radiat Res 2002; 158:743-52. [PMID: 12452777 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0743:ltiopb]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rat 9L gliosarcoma cells infiltrating the normal brain have been shown previously to accumulate only approximately 30% as much boron as the intact tumor after administration of the boronated amino acid p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). Long-term i.v. infusions of BPA were shown previously to increase the boron content of these infiltrating tumor cells significantly. Experiments to determine whether this improved BPA distribution into infiltrating tumor cells after a long-term i.v. infusion improves tumor control after BNCT in this brain tumor model and whether it has any deleterious effects in the response of the rat spinal cord to BNCT are the subjects of the present report. BPA was administered in a fructose solution at a dose of 650 mg BPA/kg by single i.p. injection or by i.v. infusion for 2 h or 6 h, at 330 mg BPA/kg h(-1). At 1 h after the end of either the 2-h or the 6-h infusion, the CNS:blood (10)B partition ratio was 0.9:1. At 3 h after the single i.p. injection, the ratio was 0.6:1. After spinal cord irradiations, the ED(50) for myeloparesis was 14.7 +/- 0.4 Gy after i.p. administration of BPA and 12.9 +/- 0.3 Gy in rats irradiated after a 6-h i.v. infusion of BPA; these values were significantly different (P < 0.001). After irradiation with 100 kVp X rays, the ED(50) was 18.6 +/- 0.1 Gy. The boron compound biological effectiveness (CBE) factors calculated for the boron neutron capture dose component were 1.2 +/- 0.1 for the i.p. BPA administration protocol and 1.5 +/- 0.1 after irradiation using the 6-h i.v. BPA infusion protocol (P < 0.05). In the rat 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model, the blood boron concentrations at 1 h after the end of the 2-h infusion (330 mg BPA/kg h(-1); n = 15) or after the 6-h infusion (190 mg BPA/kg h(-1); n = 13) were 18.9 +/- 2.2 microg 10B/g and 20.7 +/- 1.8 microg 10B/g, respectively. The irradiation times were adjusted individually, based on the preirradiation blood sample, to deliver a predicted 50% tumor control dose of 8.2 Gy ( approximately 30 photon-equivalent Gy) to all tumors. In the present study, the long-term survival was approximately 50% and was not significantly different between the 2-h and the 6-h infusion groups. The mode of BPA administration and the time between administration and irradiation influence the 10B partition ratio between the CNS and the blood, which in turn influences the measured CBE factor. These findings underline the need for clinical biodistribution studies to be carried out to establish 10B partition ratios as a key component in the evaluation of modified administration protocols involving BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Morris
- Research Institute (University of Oxford), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
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Goorley JT, Kiger WS, Zamenhof RG. Reference dosimetry calculations for neutron capture therapy with comparison of analytical and voxel models. Med Phys 2002; 29:145-56. [PMID: 11865986 DOI: 10.1118/1.1428758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As clinical trials of Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT) are initiated in the U.S. and other countries, new treatment planning codes are being developed to calculate detailed dose distributions in patient-specific models. The thorough evaluation and comparison of treatment planning codes is a critical step toward the eventual standardization of dosimetry, which, in turn, is an essential element for the rational comparison of clinical results from different institutions. In this paper we report development of a reference suite of computational test problems for NCT dosimetry and discuss common issues encountered in these calculations to facilitate quantitative evaluations and comparisons of NCT treatment planning codes. Specifically, detailed depth-kerma rate curves were calculated using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP4B for four different representations of the modified Snyder head phantom, an analytic, multishell, ellipsoidal model, and voxel representations of this model with cubic voxel sizes of 16, 8, and 4 mm. Monoenergetic and monodirectional beams of 0.0253 eV, 1, 2, 10, 100, and 1000 keV neutrons, and 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 MeV photons were individually simulated to calculate kerma rates to a statistical uncertainty of <1% (1 std. dev.) in the center of the head model. In addition, a "generic" epithermal neutron beam with a broad neutron spectrum, similar to epithermal beams currently used or proposed for NCT clinical trials, was computed for all models. The thermal neutron, fast neutron, and photon kerma rates calculated with the 4 and 8 mm voxel models were within 2% and 4%, respectively, of those calculated for the analytical model. The 16 mm voxel model produced unacceptably large discrepancies for all dose components. The effects from different kerma data sets and tissue compositions were evaluated. Updating the kerma data from ICRU 46 to ICRU 63 data produced less than 2% difference in kerma rate profiles. The depth-dose profile data, Monte Carlo code input, kerma factors, and model construction files are available electronically to aid in verifying new and existing NCT treatment planning codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Goorley
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
Radiation myelitis has long been recognised as a sinister consequence of spinal irradiation and has limited the acceptable dose of therapeutic radiation to the cord. Over the past 10 years, the pathogenesis has been increasingly understood through the use of animal models. The importance of 'dose per fraction' and 'inter-fraction interval' have been incorporated into new mathematical models which suggest that, for small fractions, the cord may tolerate higher doses of radiation than was previously thought. Clinical recognition of the condition has improved through the description of characteristic magnetic resonance imaging changes. However little advance has been made in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rampling
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. uk
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