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Ghobakhloo S, Khoshhali M, Vatandoost N, Jafarpour S, Niazmand A, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Clinical Implications and Prognostic Value of Leucine-Rich G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Expression as A Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:1-12. [PMID: 38351725 PMCID: PMC10864775 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2010157.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers. Based on different studies, conflicting reports exist on correlation between LGR5 expression and poor prognosis/ clinicopathological parameters in cancer patients. Therefore, our purpose in conducting this study was to investigate correlation between LGR5 expression and outcomes of cancer patients under study through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant articles were searched and collected using EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until December 21, 2022. This study was conducted to examine correlation between LGR5 expression and different clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological characteristics of the included cancer patients. To achieve this, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as statistical measures. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Finally, 53 studies including 9523 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significantly, high-level expression of LGR5 was related to poor prognosis in terms of OS, higher tumor stage, presence of distant metastasis, and presence of lymph node metastasis. It was discovered through subgroup analysis that several factors, including the study area, evaluation method, and type of cancer, can influence the correlation between LGR5 expression and negative prognosis in cancer patients. According to the results of our study, LGR5 overexpression was related to poor OS in cancer patients. In addition, clinicopathological data indicated an unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients with high LGR5 expression. In conclusion, LGR5 may serve as a potential prognostic marker for predicting survival in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Huang BS, Chen CT, Yeh CC, Fan TY, Chen FY, Liou JM, Shun CT, Wu MS, Chow LP. miR-21 Targets ASPP2 to Inhibit Apoptosis via CHOP-Mediated Signaling in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:6675265. [PMID: 37547633 PMCID: PMC10403333 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6675265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection affects cell survival pathways, including apoptosis and proliferation in host cells, and disruption of this balance is the key event in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer (HPGC). H. pylori infection induces alterations in microRNAs expression that may be involved in GC development. Bioinformatic analysis showed that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is significantly upregulated in HPGC. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics and in silico prediction were employed to identify potential targets of miR-21. Following functional enrichment and clustered interaction network analyses, five candidates of miR-21 targets, PDCD4, ASPP2, DAXX, PIK3R1, and MAP3K1, were found across three functional clusters in association with cell death and survival, cellular movement, and cellular growth and proliferation. ASPP2 is inhibited by H. pylori-induced miR-21 overexpression. Moreover, ASPP2 levels are inversely correlated with miR-21 levels in HPGC tumor tissues. Thus, ASPP2 was identified as a miR-21 target in HPGC. Here, we observed that H. pylori-induced ASPP2 suppression enhances resistance to apoptosis in GC cells using apoptosis assays. Using protein interaction network and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we identified CHOP as a direct mediator of the ASPP2 proapoptotic activity in H. pylori-infected GC cells. Mechanistically, ASPP2 suppression promotes p300-mediated CHOP degradation, in turn inhibiting CHOP-mediated transcription of Noxa, Bak, and suppression of Bcl-2 to enact antiapoptosis in the GC cells after H. pylori infection. Clinicopathological analysis revealed correlations between decreased ASPP2 expression and higher HPGC risk and poor prognosis. In summary, the discovery of H. pylori-induced antiapoptosis via miR-21-mediated suppression of ASPP2/CHOP-mediated signaling provides a novel perspective for developing HPGC management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Liu CJ, Liu YC, Saito S, Kato K, Lin YC, Kuo KK, Chan TF, Chong IW, Lin CS, Wu DC, Yokoyama KK. Stem Cell Biomarkers and Tumorigenesis in Gastric Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060929. [PMID: 35743714 PMCID: PMC9224738 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer has a high mortality, which is partially caused by an absence of suitable biomarkers to allow detection of the initiation stages of cancer progression. Thus, identification of critical biomarkers associated with gastric cancer (GC) is required to advance its clinical diagnoses and treatment. Recent studies using tracing models for lineage analysis of GC stem cells indicate that the cell fate decision of the gastric stem cells might be an important issue for stem cell plasticity. They include leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5+), Cholecystokinin receptor 2 (Cckr2+), and axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2+) as the stem cell markers in the antrum, Trefoil Factor 2 (TFF2+), Mist1+ stem cells, and Troy+ chief cells in the corpus. By contrast, Estrogen receptor 1 (eR1), Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2), and B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi1) are rich in both the antrum and corpus regions. These markers might help to identify the cell-lineage identity and analyze the plasticity of each stem cell population. Thus, identification of marker genes for the development of GC and its environment is critical for the clinical application of cancer stem cells in the prevention of stomach cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita 329-2192, Japan;
- Horus Co., Ltd., Nakano, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 2729); Fax: +886-7313-3849
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4
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Kwak MH, Yang SM, Yun SK, Kim S, Choi MG, Park JM. Identification and validation of LGR5-binding peptide for molecular imaging of gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:93-99. [PMID: 34628260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a stem cell marker in gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to produce the LGR5-targeting peptide probe for the use of molecular imaging for gastric cancer. We used phage display libraries to produce a LGR5-specific peptide probe. This peptide was validated for targeting gastric cancer with in vitro and in vivo studies. This peptide was tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5). We used two normal and three gastric cancer cell lines. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were used to validate the target specificity of the peptide. After three rounds of bio-panning, we found a novel 7-mer peptides, IPQILSI (IPQ∗). FITC-conjugated IPQ∗ showed 2 to 10 times higher fluorescence in gastric cancer cells vs. control cells in ICC. This discrimination was consistently observed using Cy5.5-conjugated IPQ∗ in ICC. FACS analysis showed right shift of peak point in gastric cancers compared to the control cells. In the peritoneal metastasis animal model, we could find Cy5.5-conjugated IPQ∗ accumulated specifically to gastric tumors. In conclusion, IPQ∗ peptide showed a specific probe for gastric cancer diagnosis. This probe can be applied to theragnosis for gastric cancer diagnosis including peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hwa Kwak
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Mok Yang
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Yun
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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5
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Tang X, Zuo C, Fang P, Liu G, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Tang R. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Review on Biomarkers, Signal Pathways and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701291. [PMID: 34307170 PMCID: PMC8297686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, even after treatment with multiple therapies, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although great advances in medical development and improvements in therapeutic methods of GBM have led to a certain extension of the median survival time of patients, prognosis remains poor. The primary cause of its dismal outcomes is the high rate of tumor recurrence, which is closely related to its resistance to standard therapies. During the last decade, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been successfully isolated from GBM, and it has been demonstrated that these cells are likely to play an indispensable role in the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of GBM tumors, indicating that GSCs are a crucial target for treatment. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding GSCs, their related signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, crosstalk linking mechanisms, and microenvironment or niche. Subsequently, we present a framework of targeted therapy for GSCs based on direct strategies, including blockade of the pathways necessary to overcome resistance or prevent their function, promotion of GSC differentiation, virotherapy, and indirect strategies, including targeting the perivascular, hypoxic, and immune niches of the GSCs. In summary, targeting GSCs provides a tremendous opportunity for revolutionary approaches to improve the prognosis and therapy of GBM, despite a variety of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu Z, Ding Y, Lu W, Zhang K, Wang F, Ding G, Wang J. Comparison of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in bone with other sites: clinical characteristics, molecular features and immune status. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11133. [PMID: 33859877 PMCID: PMC8023235 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the lethal stage and the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, among which bone metastasis is the most common site. Here in this article, we downloaded the gene expression data and clinical information from online dataset. We found that prostate cancer metastasis in bone is prone to have higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and longer time on first-line androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI). A total of 1,263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and results of functional enrichment analysis indicated the enrichment in categories related to cell migration, cancer related pathways and metabolism. We identified the top 20 hub genes from the PPI network and analyzed the clinical characteristics correlated with these hub genes. Finally, we analyzed the immune cell abundance ratio of each sample in different groups. Our results reveal the different clinical characteristics, the immune cell infiltration pattern in different sites of mCRPC, and identify multiple critical related genes and pathways, which provides basis for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengquan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ding
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanxiong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Ehara T, Uehara T, Nakajima T, Kinugawa Y, Kobayashi S, Iwaya M, Ota H, Soejima Y. LGR5 expression is associated with prognosis in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:228. [PMID: 33676447 PMCID: PMC7936409 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is an important cancer stem cell marker in gastric cancer. However, no detailed studies are available on LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (PD-AC). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between LGR5 expression and clinicopathological data in PD-AC. Methods LGR5 mRNA expression levels were quantified in 41 PD-AC specimens using a highly sensitive RNAscope in situ hybridization technique. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection was also detected by EBV in situ hybridization. Results LGR5 expression levels were measured in 38 of 41 PD-AC cases, and 17 cases were identified as LGR5 high. The frequency of EBV positivity tended to be higher in the LGR5-low group than in the LGR5-high group (P = 0.0764). Furthermore, the frequency of vascular invasion tended to be higher in the LGR5-high group than in the LGR5-low group (P = 0.0764). The overall survival of PD-AC patients in the LGR5-high group was significantly lower than in the LGR5-low group (log-rank test, P = 0.0108). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the LGR5-low group (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.74; P = 0.01) showed independently better OS for PD-AC. Conclusions Quantifying the levels of LGR5 expression may facilitate defining prognosis in Japanese patients with PD-AC. Further study of LGR5 in this context is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Ehara
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kinugawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shota Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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9
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Razmi M, Ghods R, Vafaei S, Sahlolbei M, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z. Clinical and prognostic significances of cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33639931 PMCID: PMC7912890 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, which is accompanied by a poor prognosis. Although reports regarding the importance of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in gastric cancer progression have rapidly developed over the last few decades, their clinicopathological and prognostic values in gastric cancer still remain inconclusive. Therefore, the current meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively re-evaluate the association of CSC markers expression, overall and individually, with GC patients’ clinical and survival outcomes. Methods Literature databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase were searched to identify the eligible articles. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded or calculated to determine the relationships between CSC markers expression positivity and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS)/ cancer-specific survival (CSS), and clinicopathological features. Results We initially retrieved 4,425 articles, of which a total of 66 articles with 89 studies were considered as eligible for this meta-analysis, comprising of 11,274 GC patients. Overall data analyses indicated that the overexpression of CSC markers is associated with TNM stage (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.84–2.61, P = 0.013), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.54–2.02, P < 0.001), worse OS (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.54–1.77, P < 0.001), poor CSS/DSS (HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–2.15, P < 0.001), and unfavorable DFS/RFS (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.90–2.89, P < 0.001) in GC patients. However, CSC markers expression was found to be slightly linked to tumor differentiation (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55, P = 0.035). Sub-analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between most of the individual markers, specially Gli-1, Oct-4, CD44, CD44V6, and CD133, and clinical outcomes as well as the reduced survival, whereas overexpression of Lgr-5, Nanog, and sonic hedgehog (Shh) was not found to be related to the majority of clinical outcomes in GC patients. Conclusion The expression of CSC markers is mostly associated with worse outcomes in patients with GC, both overall and individual. The detection of a combined panel of CSC markers might be appropriate as a prognostic stratification marker to predict tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with GC, which probably results in identifying novel potential targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahlolbei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Togasaki K, Sugimoto S, Ohta Y, Nanki K, Matano M, Takahashi S, Fujii M, Kanai T, Sato T. Wnt Signaling Shapes the Histologic Variation in Diffuse Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:823-830. [PMID: 33217450 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) is currently subdivided into signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) and non-SRCC, referred to as poorly cohesive carcinoma not otherwise specified (PCC-NOS). Although these subtypes are considered to be independent, they often coexist in the same tumors, raising a question of whether they clonally differ or not. To tackle this question, we established an experimental platform for human diffuse GC that enables accurate modeling of histologic subtypes. METHODS Seven patient-derived diffuse GC organoid lines were established, characterized by histopathologic analysis, in situ hybridization, and gene expression analysis. For genetic modeling of diffuse GC, we knocked out CDH1 and/or TP53 in human normal gastric organoids. Green fluorescent protein-labeled GC organoids were xenotransplanted into immune-deficient mice for in vivo assessment. RESULTS PCC-NOS organoids transformed into SRCC-like structures on removal of Wnt and R-spondin from the culture medium. This morphologic change paralleled downregulation of Wnt-target and gastric stem cell genes, including LGR5, and elevation of differentiation markers, such as KRT20 and MUCs. The association between Wnt target gene expression and histologic subtypes was confirmed in 3 patient-derived GC tissues. In vivo, single clone-derived organoids formed tumors that comprised 2 distinct histologic compartments, each corresponding to SRCC and PCC-NOS. The transition from PCC-NOS to SRCC histology reflected the abundance of surrounding R-spondin-expressing fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS SRCC and PCC-NOS were clonally identical, and their morphology was regulated by extracellular Wnt and R-spondin expression. Our results decoded how genetic mutations and the tumor environment shape pathohistologic and biologic phenotypes in human diffuse GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Togasaki
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nanki
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sirirat Takahashi
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Kang XL, He LR, Chen YL, Wang SB. Role of doublecortin-like kinase 1 and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer: Cancer progression and prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6853-6866. [PMID: 33268966 PMCID: PMC7684452 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i43.6853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation. CSCs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, recurrence, metastasis, radiation tolerance and chemoresistance.
AIM To assess the expression patterns and clinical potential of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), as prognostic CSC markers of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS The expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 in CRC tissue sections from 92 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry. Each case was evaluated using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining (scored 0-3) and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells (scored 0-3). The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score. Low expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 was defined as a score of 0-3; high expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 was defined as a score of ≥ 4. Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression, and the correlation between the expression of DCLK1 or Lgr5 and clinicopathological factors was investigated.
RESULTS DCLK1 and Lgr5 expression levels were significantly positively correlated. CRC patients with high DCLK1, Lgr5 and DCLK1/Lgr5 expressions had poorer progression-free survival and overall survival. Moreover, high expression of DCLK1 was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and overall survival in patients with CRC by multivariate analysis (P = 0.026 and P = 0.049, respectively).
CONCLUSION DCLK1 may be a potential CSC marker for the recurrence and survival of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Kang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Rui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao-Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, China Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Ma F, Zhang Y, Peng L, Zhang Z, Yang W, Chai J, Zhang B, Ji S, Hua Y, Chen X, Luo S. Which is the optimal management for locally advanced gastric cancer patients with TRG 0 and 1 after R0 resection? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:948. [PMID: 32953748 PMCID: PMC7475443 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery currently offers promise as a strategy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, there is limited evidence to guide treatment for TRG 0 and 1 patients with locally advanced GC after R0 resection. This study set out to explore the optimal management for TRG 0 and 1 patients with locally advanced GC after R0 resection. Methods The retrospective data of 154 TRG 0 and 1 patients with locally advanced GC following R0 resection who were treated between January 2012 and December 2018 were collected and analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results The median follow-up was 34.1 (range, 6.6–90.9) months. Six patients (3.9%) were lost during follow-up. Of the 27 patients who experienced relapse, 12 died, including 2 patients who died of non-neoplastic causes. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 71.6% (95% CI: 68.5–79.6) and 82.9% (95% CI: 76.9–86.1) for the whole cohort, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) <5.0 ng/ml after NAC (77.7% vs. 20.1%, P<0.001), distal gastrectomy (91.7% vs. 67.5%, P=0.046) had higher 5-year RFS. Meanwhile, combined resection (55.6% vs. 73.1%, P=0.042), major complications (42.7% vs. 80.50%, P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (ypN+) (52.0% vs. 83.7%, P<0.001) had lower 5-year RFS. The multivariate analysis showed that CEA level after NAC (HR =2.876, 95% CI: 1.051–7.872, P=0.040), major complications (HR =2.432, 95% CI: 1.062–5.567, P=0.035), and lymph node metastasis (ypN+) (HR =3.183, 95% CI: 1.242–8.161, P=0.016) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions TRG 0 and 1 patients with local GC after R0 resection following NAC had a good prognosis, especially patients with CEA <5.0 ng/mL after NAC, and those without major complications or lymph node metastasis. Monotherapy or no chemotherapy may offer options for treating TRG 0 and 1 patients without adverse prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangqun Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhui Chai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheqing Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yawei Hua
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Digestion, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Digestion, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Wang M, Dai W, Ke Z, Li Y. Functional roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 32774495 PMCID: PMC7405480 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, >650 E3 ubiquitin ligases have been described in humans, including >600 really interesting new genes (RINGs), 28 homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECTs) and several RING-in-between-RINGs. They are considered key regulators and therapeutic targets of many types of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Among them, some RING and HECT E3 ligases are closely related to the proliferation, infiltration and prognosis of GC. During the past few years, abnormal expressions and functions of many E3 ligases have been identified in GC. However, the functional roles of E3 ligases in GC have not been fully elucidated. The present article focuses on the functional roles of E3 ligases related to the proteasome in GC. In this comprehensive review, the latest research progress on E3 ligases involved in GC and elaborate their structure, classification, functional roles and therapeutic value in GC was summarized. Finally, 30 E3 ligases that serve essential roles in regulating the development of GC were described. Some of these ligases may serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in GC, whereas the pathological mechanism of others needs further study; for example, constitutive photomorphogenic 1. In conclusion, the present review demonstrated that E3 ligases are crucial tumor regulatory factors and potential therapeutic targets in GC. Therefore, more studies should focus on the therapeutic targeting of E3 ligases in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyan Ke
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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15
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Expression of LGR5, FZD7, TROY, and MIST1 in Perioperatively Treated Gastric Carcinomas and Correlation with Therapy Response. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8154926. [PMID: 31827644 PMCID: PMC6885822 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8154926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model is considered as a putative cause of resistance to chemotherapy and disease recurrence in malignant tumors. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the response to neoadjuvant/perioperative chemotherapy correlates with the expression of four different putative cancer stem cell markers of gastric cancer (GC), i.e., LGR5, FZD7, TROY, and MIST1. The expression of LGR5, FZD7, TROY, and MIST1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 119 perioperatively treated GCs including pretherapeutic biopsies, resected primary GCs, and corresponding nodal and distant metastases. All four markers were detected in our cohort with variable prevalence and histoanatomical distributions. Few tumor cells expressed TROY. LGR5, FZD7, and MIST1 were coexpressed in 41.2% and completely absent in 6.2%. The prevalence of LGR5- and FZD7-positive GCs was higher and of TROY-positive GCs lower in perioperatively treated GCs compared with treatment-naïve tumors. LGR5, FZD7, and MIST1 in the primary tumors correlated significantly with their expression in the corresponding lymph node metastasis. An increased expression of LGR5 in primary GC correlated significantly with tumor regression. The expression of MIST1 in lymph node metastases correlated significantly with the number of lymph node metastases as well as overall and tumor-specific survival. FZD7 did not correlate with any clinicopathological patient characteristic. Our study on clinical patient samples shows that GCs may coexpress independently different stem cell markers; that neoadjuvant/perioperative treatment of GC significantly impacts on the expression of stem cell markers, which cannot be predicted by the analysis of pretherapeutic biopsies; and that their expression and tumor biological effect are heterogeneous and have to be viewed as a function of histoanatomical distribution.
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Miura K, Tsukagoshi T, Hirano T, Nishio T, Hakamata W. Development of Fluorogenic Substrates of α-l-Fucosidase Useful for Inhibitor Screening and Gene-expression Profiling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1309-1313. [PMID: 31531202 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of human α-l-fucosidases, tissue α-l-fucosidase (tFuc), and plasma α-l-fucosidase reportedly play roles in multiple diseases, suggesting their therapeutic potential for gastric disease associated with Helicobacter pylori and fucosidosis. Terminal fucose linkages on glycoproteins and glycolipids are a natural substrate for both enzymes; however, there are currently no fluorogenic substrates allowing their cellular evaluation. Here, we described the development of novel three-color fluorogenic substrates for lysosome-localized tFuc that exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in three human cell lines. Additionally, we developed a cell-based high-throughput inhibitor screening system in a 96-well format and a cell-based inhibitory activity evaluation system in a 6-well format for tFuc inhibitors using this substrate, which allowed accurate quantification of the inhibition rate. Moreover, analysis of significant changes in gene expression resulting from 30% inhibition of tFuc in HeLa cells revealed potential roles in gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takako Hirano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishio
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Wataru Hakamata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Fukamachi K, Hagiwara Y, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Tsuda H, Suzui M. Evaluation of a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreas cancer using an animal model. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:135-141. [PMID: 31404387 PMCID: PMC6682554 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been taken to identify new biomarkers of pancreatic ductal
carcinoma (PDC). Since animal models can be sampled under controlled conditions, better
standardization is possible compared with heterogeneous human studies. Transgenic rats
with conditional activation of oncogenic RAS in pancreatic tissue develop PDC that closely
resembles the biological and histopathological features of human PDC. Using this model, we
evaluated the usefulness of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) as a serum marker. In
this study, we found that LRG-1 was overexpressed in rat PDC compared with normal pancreas
tissue of the control rats. Serum levels of LRG-1 were also significantly higher in rats
bearing PDC than in controls. Importantly, chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori
rats, which is a widely accepted as a model of chronic pancreatitis, did not cause serum
levels of LRG-1 to become elevated. These results strongly support serum LRG-1 as a
candidate biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of PDC. Our models of pancreas cancer
provide a useful strategy for evaluation of candidate markers applicable to human
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hagiwara
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Saberi S, Piryaei A, Mirabzadeh E, Esmaeili M, Karimi T, Momtaz S, Abdirad A, Sodeifi N, Mohagheghi MA, Baharvand H, Mohammadi M. Immunohistochemical Analysis of LGR5 and TROY Expression in Gastric Carcinogenesis Demonstrates an Inverse Trend. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019; 23. [PMID: 30501144 PMCID: PMC6707110 DOI: 10.29252/.23.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Two of the Wnt signaling pathway target genes, tumor necrosis factor receptor family member (TROY) and leucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor (LGR5), are involved in the generation and maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium. A negative modulatory role has recently been assigned to TROY, in this pathway. Here, we have examined their simultaneous expression in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods Tumor and paired adjacent tissues of intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC) patients (n = 30) were evaluated for LGR5 and TROY expression by immunohistochemistry. The combination of the percentage of positively¬ stained cells and the intensity of staining was defined as the composite score and compared between groups. The obtained findings were re-evaluated in a mouse model. Results TROY expression in the tumor tissue was significantly lower than that of the adjacent tissue (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.3 ± 0.9, p = 0.004), which was coincident with higher LGR5 expression (3.6 ± 1.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.001). This observation was prominent at stages II/III of GC, leading to a statistically significant mean difference of expression between these two molecules (p = 0.005). In the H. pylori infected-mouse model, this inverse expression was observed in transition from early (8-16 w) to late (26-50 w) time points, post treatment (p = 0.002). Conclusion Our data demonstrates an inverse trend between TROY down-regulation and LGR5 up-regulation in GC tumors, as well as in response to H. pylori infection in mice. These findings support a potential negative modulatory role for TROY on LGR5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Mirabzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Karimi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtaz
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sodeifi
- Department of Andrology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; ,Corresponding Authors: Marjan Mohammadi, HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: marjan.mohammadi2010@gmail or . Hossein Baharvand , Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; E-mail:
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; ,Corresponding Authors: Marjan Mohammadi, HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: marjan.mohammadi2010@gmail or . Hossein Baharvand , Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; E-mail:
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19
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Jia Y, Li Z, Cheng X, Wu X, Pang F, Shi J, Li S, Li X, Hu Y, Zhang L, Ji J. Depletion of death-associated protein-3 induces chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells through the β-catenin/LGR5/Bcl-2 axis. J Investig Med 2019; 67:856-861. [PMID: 30792218 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that death-associated protein-3 (DAP3) loss drives chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. The effect of DAP3 silencing on β-catenin signaling was assessed. The direct mediator of DAP3 silencing-induced chemoresistance was identified. Depletion of DAP3 stimulates nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and enhances β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in gastric cancer cells. However, the protein kinase B , , extracellular regulated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways remain unaffected by DAP3 loss. We found that the downstream target gene LGR5 (leucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor 5) is upregulated in DAP3-depleted gastric cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of LGR5 resensitizes DAP3-depleted gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin. We also observed that ectopic expression of LGR5 reduces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells on treatment with 5-FU and oxaliplatin, which is accompanied by prevention of caspase-3 cleavage. The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is identified as a key mediator of LGR5-induced apoptosis resistance in gastric cancer cells. The present findings indicate that DAP3 deficiency-induced chemoresistance in gastric cancer is at least partially mediated through the β-catenin/LGR5/Bcl-2 axis. Targeting LGR5 may provide a novel strategy to overcome chemoresistance in DAP3-deficient gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyao Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Tissue Bank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,Tissue Bank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,Tissue Bank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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20
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Xie Y, Sundström A, Maturi NP, Tan EJ, Marinescu VD, Jarvius M, Tirfing M, Jin C, Chen L, Essand M, Swartling FJ, Nelander S, Jiang Y, Uhrbom L. LGR5 promotes tumorigenicity and invasion of glioblastoma stem-like cells and is a potential therapeutic target for a subset of glioblastoma patients. J Pathol 2019; 247:228-240. [PMID: 30357839 DOI: 10.1002/path.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor which lacks efficient treatment and predictive biomarkers. Expression of the epithelial stem cell marker Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been described in GBM, but its functional role has not been conclusively elucidated. Here, we have investigated the role of LGR5 in a large repository of patient-derived GBM stem cell (GSC) cultures. The consequences of LGR5 overexpression or depletion have been analyzed using in vitro and in vivo methods, which showed that, among those with highest LGR5 expression (LGR5high ), there were two phenotypically distinct groups: one that was dependent on LGR5 for its malignant properties and another that was unaffected by changes in LGR5 expression. The LGR5-responding cultures could be identified by their significantly higher self-renewal capacity as measured by extreme limiting dilution assay (ELDA), and these LGR5high -ELDAhigh cultures were also significantly more malignant and invasive compared to the LGR5high -ELDAlow cultures. This showed that LGR5 expression alone would not be a strict marker of LGR5 responsiveness. In a search for additional biomarkers, we identified LPAR4, CCND2, and OLIG2 that were significantly upregulated in LGR5-responsive GSC cultures, and we found that OLIG2 together with LGR5 were predictive of GSC radiation and drug response. Overall, we show that LGR5 regulates the malignant phenotype in a subset of patient-derived GSC cultures, which supports its potential as a predictive GBM biomarker. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naga P Maturi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E-Jean Tan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Tirfing
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Liu XS, Lin XK, Mei Y, Ahmad S, Yan CX, Jin HL, Yu H, Chen C, Lin CZ, Yu JR. Regulatory T Cells Promote Overexpression of Lgr5 on Gastric Cancer Cells via TGF-beta1 and Confer Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1741. [PMID: 31417548 PMCID: PMC6682668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is considered a cancer stem cell marker, and is often overexpressed in tumors. The interaction between Lgr5 and the immune-related tumor microenvironment is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to examine the role of Lgr5 in the microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC), and to explore possible immunological mechanisms influencing Lgr5 expression that are governed by regulatory T cells. Methods: Lgr5 expression was examined in 180 GC tumors by immunohistochemistry, and in 80 pairs of GC tumors for analysis of Th1/Th2 cytokines by ELISA. In addition, SGC7901 cells were co-cultured with patient-derived Tregs, varying concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody, or TGF-β receptor inhibitor SB431542, and Lgr5 and β-catenin expression were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results: In this study, an immunosuppressive microenvironment was associated with high Lgr5 expression in GC. Furthermore, Lgr5 expression was up-regulated in GC cells co-cultured with Tregs or treated with exogenous TGF-β1. This up-regulation was partially inhibited by the TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody, or TGF-β1 receptor antagonist SB431542. β-catenin was up-regulated with high Lgr5 expression induced by exogenous TGF-β1, and this up-regulation was inhibited by SB431542. An increased number of Tregs and high Lgr5 expression in GC tissues were significantly associated with low overall survival. Conclusion: Tregs promoted increased Lgr5 expression in GC cells via TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 signaling pathway, which may involve activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. High Lgr5 expression via TGF-β confer poor prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Ke Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sabir Ahmad
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Xian Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Long Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Zhao Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ren Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Ren Yu
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22
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Zhang H, Han X, Wei B, Fang J, Hou X, Lan T, Wei H. RSPO2 enhances cell invasion and migration via the WNT/β‐catenin pathway in human gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5813-5824. [PMID: 30362605 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Central Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiafeng Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xuerui Hou
- Central Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Tianyun Lan
- Central Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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23
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Zhang J, Cai H, Sun L, Zhan P, Chen M, Zhang F, Ran Y, Wan J. LGR5, a novel functional glioma stem cell marker, promotes EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and predicts poor survival of glioma patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:225. [PMID: 30208924 PMCID: PMC6136228 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor recurrence, the chief reason for poor prognosis of glioma, is largely attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanisms among them remain unknown. Here, we determined whether leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), known as a stem cell marker for colon cancer and gastric cancer, can serve as a novel GSC marker involved in EMT and a therapeutic target in glioma. Methods Stemness properties were examined in FACS-isolated LGR5+/LGR5− cells. Reported stem cell markers, EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were examined in stable LGR5 knockdown or overexpressed GSCs by Western Blot. The treatment experiment was performed in an intracranial orthotopic xenograft model by knockdown of LGR5 or by using the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor Wnt-C59. LGR5 expression was determined in 268 glioma specimens by immunohistochemistry. Results LGR5+ cells possessed stronger stemness properties compared to LGR5− cells. The expression of SOX2, Nanog, CD133, CD44, CD24 and EpCAM was modulated by LGR5. Both LGR5 knockdown and Wnt-C59 reduced tumor invasion and migration and blocked EMT by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro and suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice in vivo. Moreover, LGR5 was positively correlated with Ki67, N-cadherin and WHO grade and negatively correlated with IDH1. Glioma patients with high expression of LGR5 showed significantly poorer prognosis. Conclusions LGR5 is a new functional GSC marker and prognostic indicator that can promote EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and would thus be a novel therapeutic target for glioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0864-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongqing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Panpan Zhan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuliang Ran
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jinghai Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021, China.
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24
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Carrasco-Garcia E, García-Puga M, Arevalo S, Matheu A. Towards precision medicine: linking genetic and cellular heterogeneity in gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918794628. [PMID: 30181784 PMCID: PMC6116075 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918794628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and cellular heterogeneity are phenomena that are revolutionizing
oncology research and becoming critical to the idea of personalized medicine.
Recent comprehensive molecular profiling has identified molecular subtypes of
gastric cancer (GC) and linked them to clinical information. Moreover, GC stem
cells (gCSCs) have been identified and found to be responsible for GC initiation
and progression, Helicobacter pylori oncogenic action and
therapy resistance. Addressing molecular heterogeneity is critical for achieving
an optimal therapeutic approach against GC as well as targeting gCSCs. In this
review, we outline the implications of molecular and cellular heterogeneity in
the treatment of GC and we summarize the clinical impact of the most important
regulators of gCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Gipuzkoa, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel García-Puga
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Arevalo
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain s/n, Gipuzkoa, 20014, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) Madrid, Spain
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25
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Zhu YD, Hu L, Li P, Zhang M, Liu YQ. Effects of Celastrus orbiculatus on Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Mucosal Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Lgr5 Expression from Rats with Gastric Precancerous Lesions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1129-1143. [PMID: 29976080 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Celastrus orbiculatus (COE) has been shown to possess anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity and anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism by which COE on precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) has not been fully elucidated so far. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect and mechanism of COE in the rat model of PLGC, after the rat model of PLGC was successfully constructed. The effects of COE in gastric mucosa of rats with PLGC were tested using routine pathology and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The protein and mRNA expression levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) were detected adopting techniques of immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot assays. The body weight of PLGC rats was significantly higher in the COE group than that in the untreated group. The process of PLGC was significantly reversed after COE treatment, shown by observing the changes of histopathological morphology and ultrastructure. Gastric mucosal epithelial cells in COE high dose (COE-H) group showed significantly higher expression levels of E-cadherin, and lower expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Lgr5 than those of the untreated group. COE could suppress the spatial distribution of Lgr5[Formula: see text] cell changes in PLGC rats. These findings suggested that the therapeutic mechanisms of COE in treating PLGC might be related with its effects on reversing the EMT process and inhibiting Lgr5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dong Zhu
- * Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- * Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- * Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- * Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- † Chinese Medical Institution, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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26
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Azhdarinia A, Voss J, Ghosh SC, Simien JA, Hernandez Vargas S, Cui J, Yu WA, Liu Q, Carmon KS. Evaluation of Anti-LGR5 Antibodies by ImmunoPET for Imaging Colorectal Tumors and Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2448-2454. [PMID: 29718672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is highly expressed in colorectal tumors and marks colon cancer stem cells that drive tumor growth and metastasis. Recently, we showed that LGR5 is a promising target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. However, it is important to identify LGR5-positive tumors that would respond to ADC treatment. Prior to drug conjugation, we evaluated two different anti-LGR5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 8F2 and 9G5, using 89Zr-immunoPET to select the optimal mAb for ADC development and tumor imaging. Binding, specificity, and internalization were compared, and mAbs were prescreened as ADC candidates against colon cancer cells using secondary ADCs. Both mAbs demonstrated strong, specific binding in 293T-LGR5 cells but not 293T-vector cells. In DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells, which express high levels of LGR5, the mAbs rapidly internalized into lysosomes and promoted ADC-induced cytotoxicity, with 8F2 exhibiting slightly higher potency. No binding was detected in DLD-1-shLGR5 (LGR5 knockdown) cells. 89Zr-DFO-LGR5 mAbs were generated and shown to retain high affinity and LGR5-dependent uptake in vitro. PET/CT imaging of DLD-1 tumors was performed 5 days postinjection of 89Zr-DFO-LGR5 mAbs, and findings were consistent with biodistribution data, which showed significantly higher tumor uptake (%ID/g) for 89Zr-DFO-8F2 (17.9 ± 2.2) compared to 89Zr-DFO-9G5 (5.5 ± 1.2) and 89Zr-DFO-IgG (3.8 ± 1.0). No significant uptake was observed in DLD-1-shLGR5 tumors. This study identifies 8F2 as the optimal candidate for ADC development and provides initial evidence that 89Zr-DFO-LGR5 mAbs may be utilized to stratify tumors which would respond best to LGR5-targeted ADC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Cui
- Wntrix, Inc. , Houston , Texas 77021 , United States
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27
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Li YC, Zhang MQ, Zhang JP. Opposite Effects of Two Human ATG10 Isoforms on Replication of a HCV Sub-genomic Replicon Are Mediated via Regulating Autophagy Flux in Zebrafish. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:109. [PMID: 29670865 PMCID: PMC5893791 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a host mechanism for cellular homeostatic control. Intracellular stresses are symptoms of, and responses to, dysregulation of the physiological environment of the cell. Alternative gene transcription splicing is a mechanism potentially used by a host to respond to physiological or pathological challenges. Here, we aimed to confirm opposite effects of two isoforms of the human autophagy-related protein ATG10 on an HCV subgenomic replicon in zebrafish. A liver-specific HCV subreplicon model was established and exhibited several changes in gene expression typically induced by HCV infection, including overexpression of several HCV-dependent genes (argsyn, leugpcr, rasgbd, and scaf-2), as well as overexpression of several ER stress related genes (atf4, chop, atf6, and bip). Autophagy flux was blocked in the HCV model. Our results indicated that the replication of the HCV subreplicon was suppressed via a decrease in autophagosome formation caused by the autophagy inhibitor 3MA, but enhanced via dysfunction in the lysosomal degradation caused by another autophagy inhibitor CQ. Human ATG10, a canonical isoform in autophagy, facilitated the amplification of the HCV-subgenomic replicon via promoting autophagosome formation. ATG10S, a non-canonical short isoform of the ATG10 protein, promoted autophagy flux, leading to lysosomal degradation of the HCV-subgenomic replicon. Human ATG10S may therefore inhibit HCV replication, and may be an appropriate target for future antiviral drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao-Qing Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Chen XL, Chen XZ, Wang YG, He D, Lu ZH, Liu K, Zhang WH, Wang W, Li CC, Xue L, Zhao LY, Yang K, Liu JP, Zhou ZG, Hu JK, Mo XM. Clinical significance of putative markers of cancer stem cells in gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62049-62069. [PMID: 27557490 PMCID: PMC5308710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought as the source of tumor maintaining and many CSCs markers have been identified. Regarding the heterogeneity in gastric cancer (GC), TNM stage is not enough to accurately predict the prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of CSCs markers (Lgr5, Oct4, CD133, EpCAM, CD54 and Sox2) and establish a new model based on these markers to accurately predict prognosis of GC. We retrospectively enrolled 377 GC tissues from January 2006 to October 2012 to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC), and 93 pairs of GC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal gastric tissues to perform quantitative PCR (qPCR) from December 2011 to October 2012. The clinicopathological and follow-up characteristics were collected. In IHC, Oct4, CD133 and EpCAM were independently related to tumor progression, while Sox2 were associated with well or moderate differentiation (all p<0.05). Cox regression showed that Oct4-EpCAM was an independently prognostic factor, indicating that double low expression of Oct4-EpCAM group had significantly better prognosis than control group (p=0.035). Regarding qPCR, CD133 was an independent prognostic factor, showing that the prognosis of patients with CD133 high expression was significantly worse than that of patients with CD133 low expression (p<0.001). The prognostic prediction accuracy of nomogram based on Oct4-EpCAM expression in IHC was significantly better than TNM stage alone (p=0.003). Low expressions of Oct4-EpCAM in IHC and CD133 in qPCR were favorable prognostic factors in GC. The nomogram based on Oct4-EpCAM was valuable in prognostic prediction of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin-Zu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Gao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Du He
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian-Ming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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29
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Walker R, Poleszczuk J, Mejia J, Lee JK, Pimiento JM, Malafa M, Giuliano AR, Enderling H, Coppola D. Toward early detection of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:196-203. [PMID: 28725964 PMCID: PMC7810132 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is typically diagnosed at a late stage, leading to poor prognoses. Helicobacter pylori is responsible for 70% of gastric cancers globally, and patients with this bacterial infection often present with early stages of the carcinogenic pathway such as inflammation or gastritis. Although many patients continue to progress to advanced-stage disease after antibacterial treatment, there are no follow-up screening protocols for patients with a history of H. pylori. METHODS Several biomarkers (Lgr5, CD133, CD44) become upregulated during gastric carcinogenesis. A logistic regression model is developed using clinical data from 59 patients at different stages of the carcinogenic pathway to identify the likelihood of being at an advanced stage of disease for all combinations of age, sex, and marker positivity. Using these likelihood distributions and the observed rate of marker positivity increase, time to high likelihood (probability >0.8) of advanced disease for individual patients is predicted. RESULTS A strong correlation between marker positivity and disease stage was found for all three markers. Disease stage was accurately classified by the respective regression models for more than 86% of retrospective patients. Highly patient-specific predictions of time to onset of dysplasia were made, allowing the classification of 17 patients initially diagnosed with intestinal metaplasia into high-, intermediate-, or low-risk categories. CONCLUSIONS We present an approach designed to integrate pathology, mathematics, and statistics for detection of the earliest precancerous, treatable lesion. Given the simplicity and robustness of the framework, such technique has the potential to guide personalized screening schedules to minimize the risk of undetected malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Walker
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jan Poleszczuk
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaime Mejia
- Instituto de Patología Mejía Jiménez, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jae K. Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jose M. Pimiento
- Department of Gastro Intestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastro Intestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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30
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Isobe T, Seki M, Yoshida K, Sekiguchi M, Shiozawa Y, Shiraishi Y, Kimura S, Yoshida M, Inoue Y, Yokoyama A, Kakiuchi N, Suzuki H, Kataoka K, Sato Y, Kawai T, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Shimamura T, Kato M, Iguchi A, Hama A, Taguchi T, Akiyama M, Fujimura J, Inoue A, Ito T, Deguchi T, Kiyotani C, Iehara T, Hosoi H, Oka A, Sanada M, Tanaka Y, Hata K, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Takita J. Integrated Molecular Characterization of the Lethal Pediatric Cancer Pancreatoblastoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:865-876. [PMID: 29233928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma is a rare pediatric pancreatic malignancy for which the molecular pathogenesis is not understood. In this study, we report the findings of an integrated multiomics study of whole-exome and RNA sequencing as well as genome-wide copy number and methylation analyses of ten pancreatoblastoma cases. The pancreatoblastoma genome was characterized by a high frequency of aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, either via somatic mutations of CTNNB1 (90%) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of APC (10%). In addition, imprinting dysregulation of IGF2 as a consequence of CN-LOH (80%), gain of paternal allele (10%), and gain of methylation (10%) was universally detected. At the transcriptome level, pancreatoblastoma exhibited an expression profile characteristic of early pancreas progenitor-like cells along with upregulation of the R-spondin/LGR5/RNF43 module. Our results offer a comprehensive description of the molecular basis for pancreatoblastoma and highlight rational therapeutic targets for its treatment.Significance: Molecular genetic analysis of a rare untreatable pediatric tumor reveals Wnt/IGF2 aberrations and features of early pancreas progenitor-like cells, suggesting cellular origins and rational strategies for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Res; 78(4); 865-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sekiguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misa Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshikage Inoue
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Iguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Akiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takao Deguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Chikako Kiyotani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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Harada Y, Kazama S, Morikawa T, Murono K, Yasuda K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Hata K, Nozawa H, Yamaguchi H, Ishihara S, Watanabe T. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 and CD133 expression is associated with tumor progression and resistance to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in low rectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7791-7798. [PMID: 29250176 PMCID: PMC5727605 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy has been performed as a standard therapy for advanced low rectal cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to contribute to resistance to treatment and patient prognosis. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and cluster of differentiation (CD133) are putative markers for CSCs. However, their prognostic ability remains unknown, and evaluation of a single marker can be insufficient due to the heterogeneity of cancer. LGR5 and CD133 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in surgical specimens of 56 patients who received curative resection following chemoradiotherapy for advanced low rectal cancer. In addition, the correlations between their expression levels, and clinicopathological features and patient prognosis were asessed. LGR5 expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor node metastasic (TNM) stage. CD133 expression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion and the tumor regression grade. Combined expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, tumor regression grade and TNM stage, but not with overall, and disease-free survival. LGR5 and CD133 expressions may represent useful markers associated with tumor progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in patients with low rectal cancer. Furthermore, combined expression of these markers may be a more useful marker compared with the expression of each single marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Harada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kazama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koji Yasuda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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32
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Kalantari E, Asadi Lari MH, Roudi R, Korourian A, Madjd Z. Lgr5High/DCLK1High phenotype is more common in early stage and intestinal subtypes of gastric carcinomas. Cancer Biomark 2017; 20:563-573. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asadi Lari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Korourian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Choi Y, Park J, Ko YS, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Kim MA, Lee JS, Chang MS, Lee BL. FOXO1 reduces tumorsphere formation capacity and has crosstalk with LGR5 signaling in gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1349-1355. [PMID: 28970066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major of cause of cancer-related death and is characterized by its heterogeneity and molecular complexity. FOXO1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in GC growth and metastasis. However, the implication of FOXO1 in GC cell stemness has been elusive. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that FOXO1 regulates GC cell stemness in association with LGR5. FOXO1 expression was significantly lower in GC tumorsphere cells than in adherent GC cells. FOXO1 silencing and overexpression promoted and inhibited the tumorsphere formation capacity of GC cells, respectively. Additionally, there was an inverse correlation between FOXO1 and GC stem cell marker LGR5 in human GC specimens. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that negative crosstalk between these two molecules exists and that LGR5 silencing reversed the FOXO1 shRNA-induced tumorsphere formation even without FOXO1 restoration. Taken together, our results suggest that FOXO1 inhibits the self-renewal capacity of GC cells through interaction with LGR5. Thus, FOXO1/LGR5 signaling pathway may provide a novel targeted therapy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Tumor Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Service Busan Institute, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju 63241, South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Tumor Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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34
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Wilhelm F, Simon E, Böger C, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Röcken C. Novel Insights into Gastric Cancer: Methylation of R-spondins and Regulation of LGR5 by SP1. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:776-785. [PMID: 28219935 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor 5 (LGR5)-expressing stem cells are the cellular origin of intestinal-type gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to uncover regulatory mechanisms of LGR5 expression in gastric mucosa and their implications for cancer development. Reporter assays identified an LGR5 promoter fragment, which is highly relevant for active LGR5 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation verified that SP1 is bound within this region, and reporter activity increased in SP1 transfected cells. Subsequently, the expression of R-spondins (RSPO1 and RSPO2), ligands of LGR5, was explored in neoplastic and nonneoplastic gastric tissue and gastric cancer cell lines. Using IHC, distinct spatial expression patterns of LGR5, RSPO1, and RSPO2 were found in nonneoplastic stomach mucosa and gastric cancer. RSPO expression was lower in gastric cancer compared with nonneoplastic mucosa on both the transcriptional (P = 0.003 for RSPO1 and P = 0.000 for RSPO2; n = 50) and the translational level. Methylation-specific PCR showed higher methylation levels of RSPO1/2 and reexpression of RSPOs in the gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and MKN74 were induced by demethylating 5-aza-C treatment. Finally, expression patterns of LGR5 and RSPO were similar in gastric cancer.Implications: This report identifies a regulatory mechanism of LGR5 expression in gastric carcinogenesis, with SP1 as an important component of the transcriptional complex and LGR5 activity, which is modulated by its ligands RSPO1 and RSPO2, whose expression is modulated by methylation.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/15/6/776/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 776-85. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wilhelm
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Simon
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Böger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Gao Y, Cai A, Xi H, Li J, Xu W, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Cui J, Wu X, Wei B, Chen L. Ring finger protein 43 associates with gastric cancer progression and attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells via the Wnt-β/catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28446252 PMCID: PMC5406878 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) is a member of the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase family that was originally found in stem cells and plays important roles in tumor formation and progression. Our previous study indicated that RNF43 might be a tumor suppressor protein in gastric cancer. Given its antagonistic relationship with leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), one of the gastric cancer stem cell markers, investigation of the potential role of RNF43 in gastric stem cancer cells is necessary. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining, western blot analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression level of RNF43 and other Wnt pathway factors. Gastric cancer stem-like cells were obtained from gastric cancer tumor and cell lines by tumorsphere culture. The adeno-associated virus system was used to upregulate RNF43 expression in cancer cells. Functional experiments including tumorsphere formation, chemotherapy resistance, surface marker detection, and tumor xenograft assay were performed to measure stem-like properties in gastric cancer stem-like cells after RNF43 overexpression. Results RNF43 loss was significantly associated with TNM stage, distant metastasis, and Lauren classification, and predicted worse prognosis in gastric cancer patients. RNF43 expression was even lower in tumorspheres derived from tumor tissues or cell lines compared with adherent cancer cells and normal gastric cells. Overexpression of RNF43 in gastric cancer cells impaired their stem-like properties, including sphere formation ability, chemoresistance in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, Wnt pathway-related proteins were decreased in RNF43-overexpressing cells, while Wnt pathway activators could reverse the trend to some extent. Conclusions Our findings indicated that RNF43 might not only participate in gastric cancer progression, but also attenuate the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0548-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Aizhen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongqing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Nakajima T, Uehara T, Maruyama Y, Iwaya M, Kobayashi Y, Ota H. Distribution of Lgr5-positive cancer cells in intramucosal gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma. Pathol Int 2017; 66:518-23. [PMID: 27593551 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is a putative intestinal stem cell marker that is also expressed in various tumors. To analyze its pathological characteristics in mucosal gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), we investigated Lgr5 expression in 35 intramucosal gastric SRCC patients using RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique. Lgr5 expression in individual tumor cells was scored semi-quantitatively from 0 to 400. Ki67 was also examined by immunohistochemistry, with a linear arrangement of Ki67-expressing cells present in 20 of 35 cases. This area of Ki67-expressing cells was topographically divided into upper, middle, and lower regions. All cases with linear Ki67 expression patterns also had Lgr5-positive cells arranged in a linear fashion in the lower area-which was distinct from the area of high Ki67 expression. The rate of Ki67 positivity in Lgr5-positive cells was significantly lower than that of Lgr5-negative cells in areas of high Ki67 expression. In intramucosal SRCC, the low mitotic activity of Lgr5-positive cells suggests that they may represent cancer stem cells as seen in other types of stomach carcinomas. Intramucosal SRCC may therefore contain stem cells expressing Lgr5 in the lower area of the lamina propria, akin to normal gastric pyloric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Gao YH, Ma LG, Cai AZ, Xi HQ, Chen L. Gastric cancer stem cells: Signal pathways and targeted therapies. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:351-357. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i4.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is still one of the most common malignant neoplasms worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of gastric cancer oncogenesis. In the past decades, the theory of cancer stem cell has enhanced our knowledge of gastric cancer. Cancer stem cells are defined as cells within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. The dysregulation of certain signal pathways occurs during tumor formation. Recently, the research on gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and related signal pathways has provided a new theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of gastric cancer and treating this malignancy. This review will discuss the role of related signal pathways in GCSCs and therapies targeting the key molecules of these pathways.
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Jang BG, Lee BL, Kim WH. Prognostic significance of leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5, an intestinal stem cell marker, in gastric carcinomas. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:767-77. [PMID: 26386561 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells expressing LGR5, an intestinal stem cell marker, have been suggested as cancer stem cells in human colon cancers. Previously, we discovered that LGR5-expressing cells exist in the gastric antrum and remarkably increase in number in intestinal metaplasia. In addition, most gastric adenomas contain abundant LGR5-expressing cells coexpressing intestinal stem cell signatures. However, LGR5 expression in gastric cancers (GCs) and its prognostic significance remain unknown. METHODS We examined the LGR5 expression in GC tissues by real time-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization, and analyzed its clinicopathological relevance and prognostic value. The effects of LGR5 on cancer cell proliferation and migration were assessed with an in vitro transfection technique. RESULTS LGR5 expression was significantly lower in GCs than in matched nontumorous gastric mucosa. RNA in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays showed that 7 % of GCs were positive for LGR5. LGR5 positivity was associated with old age, well to moderate differentiation, and nuclear β-catenin positivity. Although LGR5 did not show any prognostic significance for all GC cases, it was associated with poor survival in GCs with nuclear β-catenin expression. LGR5 expression was induced by transfection in GC cell lines with abnormal Wnt activation, which, however, showed no influence on the growth and migration of GC cells. CONCLUSION A small portion of GCs expressed LGR5. Although LGR5 was associated with poor survival in GCs with nuclear β-catenin, LGR5 expression in GC cells had no effects on the growth and migration, requiring a further study exploring a biological role of LGR5 in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
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Gong X, Azhdarinia A, Ghosh SC, Xiong W, An Z, Liu Q, Carmon KS. LGR5-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Eradicates Gastrointestinal Tumors and Prevents Recurrence. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1580-90. [PMID: 27207778 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men and women worldwide. The adult stem cell marker LGR5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptor 5) is highly expressed in a significant fraction of gastrointestinal tumors of the colon, liver, pancreas, and stomach, relative to normal tissues. LGR5 is located on the cell surface and undergoes rapid, constitutive internalization independent of ligand. Furthermore, LGR5-high cancer cells have been shown to exhibit the properties of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSC). On the basis of these attributes, we generated two LGR5-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) by tethering the tubulin-inhibiting cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E to a highly specific anti-LGR5 mAb via a protease cleavable or noncleavable chemical linker and compared them in receptor binding, cell internalization, and cytotoxic efficacy in cancer cells. Here, we show that both ADCs bind LGR5 with high specificity and equivalent nanomolar affinity and rapidly internalize to the lysosomes of LGR5-expressing gastrointestinal cancer cells. The anti-LGR5 ADCs effectively induced cytotoxicity in LGR5-high gastrointestinal cancer cells, but not in LGR5-negative or -knockdown cancer cell lines. Overall, we demonstrate that the cleavable ADC exhibited higher potency in vitro and was able to eradicate tumors and prevent recurrence in a xenograft model of colon cancer. These findings provide preclinical evidence for the potential of LGR5-targeting ADCs as effective new therapeutics for the treatment and eradication of gastrointestinal tumors and CSCs with high LGR5 expression. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1580-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sukhen C Ghosh
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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40
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Li XB, Yang G, Zhu L, Tang YL, Zhang C, Ju Z, Yang X, Teng Y. Gastric Lgr5(+) stem cells are the cellular origin of invasive intestinal-type gastric cancer in mice. Cell Res 2016; 26:838-49. [PMID: 27091432 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular origin of gastric cancer remains elusive. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is the first identified marker of gastric stem cells. However, the role of Lgr5(+) stem cells in driving malignant gastric cancer is not fully validated. Here, we deleted Smad4 and PTEN in murine gastric Lgr5(+) stem cells by the inducible Cre-LoxP system and marked mutant Lgr5(+) stem cells and their progeny with Cre-reporter Rosa26(tdTomato). Rapid onset and progression from microadenoma and macroscopic adenoma to invasive intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) were found in the gastric antrum with the loss of Smad4 and PTEN. In addition, invasive IGC developed at the murine gastro-forestomach junction, where a few Lgr5(+) stem cells reside. In contrast, Smad4 and PTEN deletions in differentiated cells, including antral parietal cells, pit cells and corpus Lgr5(+) chief cells, failed to initiate tumor growth. Furthermore, mutant Lgr5(+) cells were involved in IGC growth and progression. In the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, an increase in LGR5 expression was manifested in the human IGC that occurred at the gastric antrum and gastro-esophageal junction. In addition, the concurrent deletion of SMAD4 and PTEN, as well as their reduced expression and deregulated downstream pathways, were associated with human IGC. Thus, we demonstrated that gastric Lgr5(+) stem cells were cancer-initiating cells and might act as cancer-propagating cells to contribute to malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
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41
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Huang T, Qiu X, Xiao J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Bai D. The prognostic role of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 in gastric cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:246-53. [PMID: 26387842 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The prognostic value of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in gastric cancer remains controversial. To further investigate this relationship, we performed meta-analyses to systematically review the association between LGR5 expression and various clinical parameters in gastric cancer patients. METHOD Eligible studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wangfang (Database of Chinese Ministry of Science & Technology) and CBM (China Biological Medicine) databases were evaluated to investigate the association of LGR5 expression with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. RESULTS LGR5 overexpression was significantly associated with poor OS in patients with gastric cancer (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.02-2.69). LGR5 overexpression was also significantly associated with TNM stage (TIII/TIV vs TI/TII: OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.02-28.72) and lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative: OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.06-5.0). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates that LGR5 may be a predictive factor for invasion and metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 28, Jianshe Road, 450052 Zhengzhou, China; Anyang cancer hospital, 455000 Anyang, China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 28, Jianshe Road, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jianan Xiao
- Anyang cancer hospital, 455000 Anyang, China
| | | | - Yanjun Wang
- Anyang cancer hospital, 455000 Anyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anyang cancer hospital, 455000 Anyang, China
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Andrikou K, Santoni M, Piva F, Bittoni A, Lanese A, Pellei C, Conti A, Loretelli C, Mandolesi A, Giulietti M, Scarpelli M, Principato G, Falconi M, Cascinu S. Lgr5 expression, cancer stem cells and pancreatic cancer: results from biological and computational analyses. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1037-45. [PMID: 25804119 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the relationship between Lgr5 and other stemness markers and pathologic features in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) samples. MATERIALS & METHODS In 69 samples, Lgr5 was analyzed by qRT-PCR together with a panel of 29 genes. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify a possible pathway regulating Lgr5 expression in PDAC. RESULTS Lgr5 expression was not associated with the expression of tested cancer stem cell markers. Moreover, it was not an independent predictor of survival neither at univariate analysis (p = 0.21) nor at multivariate analysis (p = 0.225). CONCLUSION Based on the lack of correlation between Lgr5 and tested cancer stem cell markers, Lgr5 does not seem to be a potential stemness marker or prognostic factor in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Andrikou
- Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Amieva M, Peek RM. Pathobiology of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:64-78. [PMID: 26385073 PMCID: PMC4691563 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori and its role in causing gastric cancer is one of the richest examples of a complex relationship among human cells, microbes, and their environment. It is also a puzzle of enormous medical importance given the incidence and lethality of gastric cancer worldwide. We review recent findings that have changed how we view these relationships and affected the direction of gastric cancer research. For example, recent data have indicated that subtle mismatches between host and microbe genetic traits greatly affect the risk of gastric cancer. The ability of H pylori and its oncoprotein CagA to reprogram epithelial cells and activate properties of stemness show the sophisticated relationship between H pylori and progenitor cells in the gastric mucosa. The observation that cell-associated H pylori can colonize the gastric glands and directly affect precursor and stem cells supports these observations. The ability to mimic these interactions in human gastric organoid cultures as well as animal models will allow investigators to more fully unravel the extent of H pylori control on the renewing gastric epithelium. Finally, our realization that external environmental factors, such as dietary components and essential micronutrients, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiota, can change the balance between H pylori's activity as a commensal or a pathogen has provided direction to studies aimed at defining the full carcinogenic potential of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Amieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Nagaraju GP, Madanraj AS, Aliya S, Rajitha B, Alese OB, Kariali E, Alam A, El-Rayes BF. MicroRNAs as biomarkers and prospective therapeutic targets in colon and pancreatic cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:97-104. [PMID: 26537581 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon and pancreatic cancers have high mortality rates due to early metastasis prior to the onset of symptoms. Screening tests for colorectal cancer are invasive and expensive. No effective screening is available for pancreatic cancer. Identification of biomarkers for early detection in both of these cancers is being extensively researched. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding molecule biomarkers that regulate cancers. Measurement of miRNAs in pancreatic fluid or blood could be a preferred non-invasive screening method. The regulation of colon and pancreatic cancers by miRNA is complex. miRNA play a central role in inflammation, invasiveness, and tumor progression in these two cancers, as well as regulation of the NF-κB pathway. miRNA's evolving role in screening is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton RD NE, Office 3025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Appiya Santharam Madanraj
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, 12 LE1 9HN
| | - Sheik Aliya
- Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500085, India
| | - Balney Rajitha
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton RD NE, Office 3025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Olatunji Boladale Alese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton RD NE, Office 3025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ekamber Kariali
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768019, India
| | - Afroz Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton RD NE, Office 3025, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Jin ZT, Li K, Li M, Ren ZG, Wang FS, Zhu JY, Leng XS, Yu WD. G-protein coupled receptor 34 knockdown impairs the proliferation and migration of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:545-9. [PMID: 25673461 PMCID: PMC4836262 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.151114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of G-protein coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) affects the progression and prognosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma, however, the role of GPR34 in gastric cancer development and progression has not been well-determined. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of GPR34 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The expression of GPR34 in gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. HGC-27 cells were employed to construct the stable GPR34 knockdown cell model in this study. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to validate the effect of short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) on the expression of GPR34 in HGC-27 gastric cells. The proliferation, migration of these cells were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell. We also measured expression profile of PI3K/PDK1/AKT and ERK using Western blotting. Results: The ShRNA directed against GPR34 effectively inhibited both endogenous mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR34, and significantly down-regulated the expression of PIK3CB (P < 0.01), PIK3CD (P < 0.01), PDK1 (P < 0.01), phosphorylation of PDK1 (P < 0.01), Akt (P < 0.01), and ERK (P < 0.01). Furthermore, GPR34 knockdown resulted in an obvious reduction in HGC-27 cancer cell proliferation and migration activity (P < 0.01). Conclusions: GPR34 knockdown impairs the proliferation and migration of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in vitro and provides a potential implication for therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Dong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Lei ZJ, Wang J, Xiao HL, Guo Y, Wang T, Li Q, Liu L, Luo X, Fan LL, Lin L, Mao CY, Wang SN, Wei YL, Lan CH, Jiang J, Yang XJ, Liu PD, Chen DF, Wang B. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 promotes the stemness and chemoresistance of Lgr5(+) liver cancer initiating cells by suppressing negative regulators of β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2015; 34:3188-98. [PMID: 25893304 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) are responsible for the unrestrained cell growth and chemoresistance of malignant tumors. Histone demethylation has been shown to be crucial for self-renewal/differentiation of stem cells, but it remains elusive whether lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) regulates the stemness properties of CICs. Here we report that the abundant expression of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lgr5(+) HCC cells behave similarly to CICs and are highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, Lgr5(+) cells express higher levels of LSD1, which in turn regulates Lgr5 expression and promotes the self-renewal and drug resistance of Lgr5(+) CICs. Mechanistically, LSD1 promotes β-catenin activation by inhibiting the expression of several suppressors of β-catenin signaling, especially Prickle1 and APC in Lgr5(+) CICs, by directly regulating the levels of mono- and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine-4 at the promoters of these genes. Furthermore, LSD1-associated activation of the β-catenin signaling is essential for maintaining the activity of Lgr5(+) CICs. Together, our findings unravel the LSD1/Prickle1/APC/β-catenin signaling axis as a novel molecular circuit regulating the stemness and chemoresistance of hepatic Lgr5(+) CICs and provide potential targets to improve chemotherapeutic efficacies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H-L Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L-L Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C-Y Mao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S-N Wang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-L Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C-H Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-J Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - P-D Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D-F Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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47
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Baker AM, Graham TA, Elia G, Wright NA, Rodriguez-Justo M. Characterization of LGR5 stem cells in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8654. [PMID: 25728748 PMCID: PMC4345329 DOI: 10.1038/srep08654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LGR5 is known to be a stem cell marker in the murine small intestine and colon, however the localization of LGR5 in human adenoma samples has not been examined in detail, and previous studies have been limited by the lack of specific antibodies. Here we used in situ hybridization to specifically examine LGR5 mRNA expression in a panel of human adenoma and carcinoma samples (n = 66). We found that a small number of cells express LGR5 at the base of normal colonic crypts. We then showed that conventional adenomas widely express high levels of LGR5, and there is no evidence of stereotypic cellular hierarchy. In contrast, serrated lesions display basal localization of LGR5, and the cellular hierarchy resembles that of a normal crypt. Moreover, ectopic crypts found in traditional serrated adenomas show basal LGR5 mRNA, indicating that they replicate the stem cell organization of normal crypts with the development of a cellular hierarchy. These data imply differences in the stem cell dynamics between the serrated and conventional pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore we noted high LGR5 expression in invading cells, with later development of a stem cell niche in adenocarcinomas of all stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Baker
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
| | - Trevor A. Graham
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
| | - George Elia
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
| | - Nicholas A. Wright
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, EC1M 6BQ
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