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Annaloro C, Serpenti F, Saporiti G, Galassi G, Cavallaro F, Grifoni F, Goldaniga M, Baldini L, Onida F. Viral Infections in HSCT: Detection, Monitoring, Clinical Management, and Immunologic Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 11:569381. [PMID: 33552044 PMCID: PMC7854690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of an increasing array of investigations, the relationships between viral infections and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are still controversial, and almost exclusively regard DNA viruses. Viral infections per se account for a considerable risk of morbidity and mortality among HSCT recipients, and available antiviral agents have proven to be of limited effectiveness. Therefore, an optimal management of viral infection represents a key point in HSCT strategies. On the other hand, viruses bear the potential of shaping immunologic recovery after HSCT, possibly interfering with control of the underlying disease and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and eventually with HSCT outcome. Moreover, preliminary data are available about the possible role of some virome components as markers of immunologic recovery after HSCT. Lastly, HSCT may exert an immunotherapeutic effect against some viral infections, notably HIV and HTLV-1, and has been considered as an eradicating approach in these indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Annaloro
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Serpenti
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Saporiti
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Galassi
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavallaro
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Grifoni
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Goldaniga
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Baldini
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Onida
- Hematology-BMT Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Manandhar T, Hò GGT, Pump WC, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. Battle between Host Immune Cellular Responses and HCMV Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153626. [PMID: 31344940 PMCID: PMC6695940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitously prevalent. HCMV infection is typically asymptomatic and controlled by the immune system in healthy individuals, yet HCMV can be severely pathogenic for the fetus during pregnancy and in immunocompromised persons, such as transplant recipients or HIV infected patients. HCMV has co-evolved with the hosts, developed strategies to hide from immune effector cells and to successfully survive in the human organism. One strategy for evading or delaying the immune response is maintenance of the viral genome to establish the phase of latency. Furthermore, HCMV immune evasion involves the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-Ia molecules to hide infected cells from T-cell recognition. HCMV expresses several proteins that are described for downregulation of the HLA class I pathway via various mechanisms. Here, we review the wide range of immune evasion mechanisms of HCMV. Understanding the mechanisms of HCMV immune evasion will contribute to the development of new customized therapeutic strategies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Manandhar
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gia-Gia T Hò
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke C Pump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Tittlbach H, Schneider A, Strobel J, Zimmermann R, Maas S, Gebhardt B, Rauser G, Mach M, Mackensen A, Winkler TH, Winkler J. GMP-production of purified human B lymphocytes for the adoptive transfer in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2017; 15:228. [PMID: 29115976 PMCID: PMC5678567 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently shown that memory B cells from murine CMV immune donor animals adoptively transferred into immunodeficient mice were highly effective in protecting from a viral infection indicating a therapeutic potential of virus specific memory B cells. These preclinical data provided evidence that a cell-based strategy supporting the humoral immune response might be effective in a clinical setting of immunodeficiency after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. As adoptive transfer of B cells has not been used before in a clinical setting it was necessary to establish a technology for the generation of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade B cell products. Methods Starting from the leukapheresis product of healthy blood donors, B cells were purified by two different separation strategies using GMP-grade microbeads and the CliniMACS system. A one-step protocol was used for positive enrichment of B lymphocytes with anti-CD19 microbeads. In a two-step enrichment protocol, first T lymphocytes were depleted by anti-CD3 microbeads and the remaining fraction was positively selected by anti-CD19 microbeads. Results The purity and recovery after enrichment of B lymphocytes from the leukapheresis material in both separations strategies was not statistically different. However, contamination of the B-cell product with T cells was significantly lower after the two-step protocol (0.16%, range 0.01–0.43% after two-step separation and 0.55%, range 0.28–0.85% after one-step separation, p < 0.05). Therefore, a combined CD3 depletion and CD19 enrichment was used for the production of GMP-conform B-cell products from the leukapheresis material of 17 healthy stem cell donors. The absolute B-cell numbers obtained in the final product was 4.70 ± 3.64 × 108 with a purity of 95.98 ± 3.31% B lymphocytes and a recovery of 18.9 ± 10.6%. Importantly, the contamination with CD3+ T cells was extremely low in the final B- cell products (0.10 ± 0.20%). Purified B cells exhibited normal antibody production after in vitro stimulation and showed excellent viability after cryopreservation. Conclusions A GMP-grade B-cell product can be obtained with high purity and very low T-cell contamination using the two-step enrichment protocol based on CliniMACS® technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Tittlbach
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Institute for Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Strobel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maas
- Center for Clinical Studies Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Gebhardt
- Center for Clinical Studies Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Rauser
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Michael Mach
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular, Virology University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Institute for Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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Li Pira G, Di Cecca S, Biagini S, Girolami E, Cicchetti E, Bertaina V, Quintarelli C, Caruana I, Lucarelli B, Merli P, Pagliara D, Brescia LP, Bertaina A, Montanari M, Locatelli F. Preservation of Antigen-Specific Functions of αβ T Cells and B Cells Removed from Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants Suggests Their Use As an Alternative Cell Source for Advanced Manipulation and Adoptive Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:332. [PMID: 28386262 PMCID: PMC5362590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is standard therapy for numerous hematological diseases. The use of haploidentical donors, sharing half of the HLA alleles with the recipient, has facilitated the use of this procedure as patients can rely on availability of a haploidentical donor within their family. Since HLA disparity increases the risk of graft-versus-host disease, T-cell depletion has been used to remove alloreactive lymphocytes from the graft. Selective removal of αβ T cells, which encompass the alloreactive repertoire, combined with removal of B cells to prevent EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease, proved safe and effective in clinical studies. Depleted αβ T cells and B cells are generally discarded as by-products. Considering the possible use of donor T cells for donor lymphocyte infusions or for generation of pathogen-specific T cells as mediators of graft-versus-infection effect, we tested whether cells in the discarded fractions were functionally intact. Response to alloantigens and to viral antigens comparable to that of unmanipulated cells indicated a functional integrity of αβ T cells, in spite of the manipulation used for their depletion. Furthermore, B cells proved to be efficient antigen-presenting cells, indicating that antigen uptake, processing, and presentation were fully preserved. Therefore, we propose that separated αβ T lymphocytes could be employed for obtaining pathogen-specific T cells, applying available methods for positive selection, which eventually leads to indirect allodepletion. In addition, these functional T cells could undergo additional manipulation, such as direct allodepletion or genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Li Pira
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Di Cecca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Simone Biagini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Elia Girolami
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cicchetti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of "Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Barbarella Lucarelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Daria Pagliara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Letizia Pomponia Brescia
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Mauro Montanari
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Vdovin AS, Filkin SY, Yefimova PR, Sheetikov SA, Kapranov NM, Davydova YO, Egorov ES, Khamaganova EG, Drokov MY, Kuzmina LA, Parovichnikova EN, Efimov GA, Savchenko VG. Recombinant MHC tetramers for isolation of virus-specific CD8+ cells from healthy donors: Potential approach for cell therapy of posttransplant cytomegalovirus infection. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:1371-1383. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Locatelli F, Bertaina A, Bertaina V, Merli P. Cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients - management of infection. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:1093-1105. [PMID: 27690683 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1242406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus (CMV) still causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients given allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite effective pharmacotherapy, potentially life-threatening CMV disease occurs nowadays in up to 10% of HSCT recipients; moreover, routinely used anti-CMV agents have been shown to be associated with morbidity. Areas covered: This review examines different issues related to diagnosis and management of CMV infection in HSCT recipients, paying particular attention to the monitoring of CMV-specific immune recovery, approaches of adoptive cell therapy and new antiviral drugs. Expert commentary: Despite advances in diagnostic tests and treatment, there is still room for refining management of CMV in HSCT recipients. Immunological monitoring should be associated in the future to virological monitoring. The safety profile and efficacy of new anti-CMV agents should be compared with that of standard-of-care drugs. Donor-derived, pathogen-specific T cells adoptively transferred after transplantation could contribute to reduce the impact of CMV infection on patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Locatelli
- a Dipartimento di Oncoematologia Pediatrica , IRCSS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome , Italy.,b Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alice Bertaina
- a Dipartimento di Oncoematologia Pediatrica , IRCSS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaina
- a Dipartimento di Oncoematologia Pediatrica , IRCSS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome , Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- a Dipartimento di Oncoematologia Pediatrica , IRCSS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù , Rome , Italy
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Nicholson E, Peggs KS. Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell therapies: current status and future prospects. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:135-46. [PMID: 25713989 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells specific for viral pathogens offers an attractive method for hastening immune reconstitution and protective immunity in patients following stem cell transplantation. The largest experience to date has been in the context of treatment or prevention of cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus. A number of technical hurdles have now been overcome allowing consideration of more widespread application of products compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice regulations, and of the development of commercialization pathways for these products. This review summarizes progress to date and highlights some of the areas that remain problematic and that require further innovation and evaluation before more widespread adoption is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, NW1 2BU, UK
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8
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Barrett AJ, Bollard CM. The coming of age of adoptive T-cell therapy for viral infection after stem cell transplantation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:62. [PMID: 25992361 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin John Barrett
- 1 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 2 Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- 1 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 2 Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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9
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Beloki L, Ciaurriz M, Mansilla C, Zabalza A, Perez-Valderrama E, Samuel ER, Lowdell MW, Ramirez N, Olavarria E. CMV-specific T cell isolation from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood: depletion of myeloid progenitors eliminates non-specific binding of MHC-multimers. J Transl Med 2014; 12:317. [PMID: 25406933 PMCID: PMC4243324 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell infusion to immunocompromised patients following allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT) is able to induce a successful anti-viral response. These cells have classically been manufactured from steady-state apheresis samples collected from the donor in an additional harvest prior to G-CSF mobilization, treatment that induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization to the periphery. However, two closely-timed cellular collections are not usually available in the unrelated donor setting, which limits the accessibility of anti-viral cells for adoptive immunotherapy. CMV-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) manufacture from the same G-CSF mobilized donor stem cell harvest offers great regulatory advantages, but the isolation using MHC-multimers is hampered by the high non-specific binding to myeloid progenitors, which reduces the purity of the cellular product. METHODS In the present study we describe an easy and fast method based on plastic adherence to remove myeloid cell subsets from 11 G-CSF mobilized donor samples. CMV-specific CTLs were isolated from the non-adherent fraction using pentamers and purity and yield of the process were compared to products obtained from unmanipulated samples. RESULTS After the elimination of unwanted cell subtypes, non-specific binding of pentamers was notably reduced. Accordingly, following the isolation process the purity of the obtained cellular product was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS G-CSF mobilized leukapheresis samples can successfully be used to isolate antigen-specific T cells with MHC-multimers to be adoptively transferred following allo-HSCT, widening the accessibility of this therapy in the unrelated donor setting. The combination of the clinically translatable plastic adherence process to the antigen-specific cell isolation using MHC-multimers improves the quality of the therapeutic cellular product, thereby reducing the clinical negative effects associated with undesired alloreactive cell infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Beloki
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Ciaurriz
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mansilla
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaya Zabalza
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Estela Perez-Valderrama
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Edward R Samuel
- Department of Haematology, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Natalia Ramirez
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Olavarria
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed - Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain.
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10
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Beloki L, Ramírez N, Olavarría E, Samuel ER, Lowdell MW. Manufacturing of highly functional and specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy against virus from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–mobilized donors. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1390-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Ramírez N, Beloki L, Ciaúrriz M, Rodríguez-Calvillo M, Escors D, Mansilla C, Bandrés E, Olavarría E. Impact of T cell selection methods in the success of clinical adoptive immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1211-24. [PMID: 24077876 PMCID: PMC11113470 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy regular regimens used for conditioning of recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) induce a period of transient profound immunosuppression. The onset of a competent immunological response, such as the appearance of viral-specific T cells, is associated with a lower incidence of viral infections after haematopoietic transplantation. The rapid development of immunodominant peptide virus screening together with advances in the design of genetic and non-genetic viral- and tumoural-specific cellular selection strategies have opened new strategies for cellular immunotherapy in oncologic recipients who are highly sensitive to viral infections. However, the rapid development of cellular immunotherapy in SCT has disclosed the role of the T cell selection method in the modulation of functional cell activity and of in vivo secondary effects triggered following immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ramírez
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Lorea Beloki
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Miriam Ciaúrriz
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez-Calvillo
- Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - David Escors
- Immunomodulation Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Cristina Mansilla
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Eva Bandrés
- Immunology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Olavarría
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
- Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
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12
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Borchers S, Ogonek J, Varanasi PR, Tischer S, Bremm M, Eiz-Vesper B, Koehl U, Weissinger EM. Multimer monitoring of CMV-specific T cells in research and in clinical applications. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 78:201-12. [PMID: 24331953 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Multimer monitoring has become a standard technique for detection of antigen-specific T cells. The term "multimer" refers to a group of reagents based on the multimerisation of molecules in order to raise avidity and thus stabilize binding to their ligand. Multimers for detection of antigen-specific T-cell responses are based on major histocompatibility complex class I peptide complexes. Multimer staining enables fast and direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells; thus, it is widely applied to assess antiviral immunity, e.g., monitor patients in vaccination trials or confirm purity of cell products for adoptive transfer. Assessment of T-cell immunity against persistent pathogens like cytomegalovirus (CMV) is of major importance in immunosuppressed patients. Recent advancements of multimers facilitate reversible labeling and allow isolation of epitope-specific T cells for adoptive transfer. Here, we give an overview on the different multimers and their applications, with an emphasis on CMV-specific T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Borchers
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnerside Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Justyna Ogonek
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Pavankumar R Varanasi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnerside Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Tischer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, MHH, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Melanie Bremm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, MHH, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany; Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, MHH, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Eva M Weissinger
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnerside Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
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