1
|
Li R, Zhang R, Shi X, Jiao X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liu T, Zhang C. Expression of FAP in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int Dent J 2024; 74:581-588. [PMID: 38278714 PMCID: PMC11123527 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a biomarker in the progression of oral leukoplakia (OLK) carcinogenesis. This was achieved by evaluating FAP expression at different levels of the organisation, namely oral normal mucosa (NM), OLK, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Altogether, 88 paraffin-embedded tissue samples were examined, including 55 cases of OLK, 13 cases of OSCC, and 20 cases of NM (control group). An exhaustive investigation was performed to examine FAP expression in NM, OLK, and OSCC tissues via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between FAP expression and clinical pathologic characteristics was analysed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) also proved the expression of FAP in NM, OLK, and OSCC cells. Aberrant FAP expression in OLK and OSCC was explored using in vitro experiments. RESULTS Immunohistochemical results showed that high FAP expression was significantly correlated with histopathologic grade (P = .038) but not correlated with age, sex, or region (P = .953, .622, and .108, respectively). The expression level of FAP in NM tissues (0.15 ± 0.01) was minimal, whereas it was observed in OLK (0.28 ± 0.04) and OSCC (0.39 ± 0.02) tissues with a noticeable increase in expression levels (P < .001). The expression level of FAP in OLK with severe abnormal hyperplasia (S-OLK) tissues (0.33 ± 0.04) was significantly higher than in OLK with mild abnormal hyperplasia (MI-OLK, 0.26 ± 0.02) and OLK with moderate abnormal hyperplasia (MO-OLK, 0.28 ± 0.03) tissues (P < .001 and P = .039, respectively). The results of RT-PCR illustrated that the relative expression of FAP mRNA in OLK cells (2.63 ± 0.62) was higher than in NM cells (0.87 ± 0.14), but lower than in OSCC cells (5.63 ± 1.06; P = .027 and .012, respectively). FAP expression was minimal in NM cells (0.78 ± 0.06), modest in OLK cells (1.04 ± 0.06), and significantly elevated in OSCC cells (1.61 ± 0.09) based on the results of WB (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Significant variations in FAP expression were observed in NM, OLK, and OSCC tissues and cells. These findings revealed that FAP may be a reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis and evaluation of OLK carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingjiao Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janani M, Poorkhani A, Amiriani T, Donyadideh G, Ahmadi F, Jorjanisorkhankalateh Y, Beheshti-Nia F, Kalaei Z, Roudbaraki M, Soltani M, Khori V, Alizadeh AM. Association of future cancer metastases with fibroblast activation protein-α: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1339050. [PMID: 38751814 PMCID: PMC11094201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1339050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) is a vital surface marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and its high expression is associated with a higher tumor grade and metastasis. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed to associate future metastasis with FAP-α expression in cancer. Methods In our meta-analysis, relevant studies published before 20 February 2024 were systematically searched through online databases that included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The association between FAP-α expression and metastasis, including distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, blood vessel invasion, vascular invasion, and neural invasion, was evaluated. A pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported as the measure of association. Results A total of 28meta-analysis. The random-effects model for five parameters showed that a high FAP-α expression was associated with blood vessel invasion (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.54-5.99, I 2 = 63%, P = 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 2.14-5.93, I 2 = 0.00%, P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.96-3.81, I 2 = 65%, P < 0.001), and distant metastasis (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.16-5.79, I 2 = 81%, P < 0.001). However, our analysis showed no statistically significant association between high FAP-α expression and neural invasion (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.84-2.93, I 2 = 38%, P = 0.161). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that cancer cells with a high FAP-α expression have a higher risk of metastasis than those with a low FAP-α expression. These findings support the potential importance of FAP-α as a biomarker for cancer metastasis prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Janani
- Breast Disease Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhoushang Poorkhani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Donyadideh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahnazsadat Ahmadi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Beheshti-Nia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kalaei
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morad Roudbaraki
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Inserm U1003, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Mahsa Soltani
- Breast Disease Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Breast Disease Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhat AS, Chakkittukandiyil A, Muthu SK, Kotha S, Muruganandham S, Rajagopal K, Jayaram S, Kothandan R, Selvaraj D. Network-based drug repositioning of linagliptin as a potential agent for uterine fibroids targeting transforming growth factor-beta mediated fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149611. [PMID: 38354463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Uterine fibroid is the most common non-cancerous tumor with no satisfactory options for long-term pharmacological treatment. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is one of the critical enzymes that enhances the fibrosis in uterine fibroids. Through STITCH database mining, we found that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) have the potential to inhibit the activity of FAP. Both DPP4 and FAP belong to the dipeptidyl peptidase family and share a similar catalytic domain. Hence, ligands which have a binding affinity with DPP4 could also bind with FAP. Among the DPP4i, linagliptin exhibited the highest binding affinity (Dock score = -8.562 kcal/mol) with FAP. Our study uncovered that the differences in the S2 extensive-subsite residues between DPP4 and FAP could serve as a basis for designing selective inhibitors specifically targeting FAP. Furthermore, in a dynamic environment, linagliptin was able to destabilize the dimerization interface of FAP, resulting in potential inhibition of its biological activity. True to the in-silico results, linagliptin reduced the fibrotic process in estrogen and progesterone-induced fibrosis in rat uterus. Furthermore, linagliptin reduced the gene expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a critical factor in collagen secretion and fibrotic process. Masson trichrome staining confirmed that the anti-fibrotic effects of linagliptin were due to its ability to reduce collagen deposition in rat uterus. Altogether, our research proposes that linagliptin has the potential to be repurposed for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Shreenidhi Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amritha Chakkittukandiyil
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Muthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, GN Mills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satvik Kotha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudharsan Muruganandham
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Jayaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Kothandan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Divakar Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li M, Deng Z, Xie C, Chen J, Yuan Z, Rahhal O, Tang Z. Fibroblast activating protein promotes the proliferation, migration, and activation of fibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1252-1263. [PMID: 37357365 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast activating protein (FAP) is associated with various organ fibrosis. However, the expression and molecular function of FAP in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the presence of alkaloids in areca nut extract (ANE). Real-time qPCR, Western blot, and Immunohistochemistry assay were used to analyze the expression of FAP mRNA or protein in OSF and normal oral tissue. A chi-squared test analyzed the relationship between FAP protein expression and clinicopathological data of OSF patients. CCK-8, Wound-healing, and Transwell migration assay were employed to assess the effect of the proliferation and migration ability of hOMF cells with FAP overexpression or knockdown. The expression level of a-SMA, FSP1, and P13K-Akt signaling pathways-related protein in hOMF cells transfected with FAP overexpression or knockdown plasmid was verified by western blot assay. RESULTS The four specific areca alkaloids (Arecoline, Guvacine, Arecaidine, and Guvacoline) were successfully detected in the ANE. The viability of hOMF cells was significantly improved in the 50 μg/mL ANE group and was inhibited in the 5 and 50 mg/mL ANE groups. The expression of FAP was upregulated in OSF tissues, and hOMF cells treated with 50 μg/mL ANE and was related to pathology grade, clinical stage, and history of chewing betel nut. Additionally, FAP may promote the proliferation, migration, and activation of hOMF cells through the P13K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study found that ANE had a bidirectional effect on the viability of hOMF cells, and the FAP gene was a potential therapeutic target in OSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyuan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changqin Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Omar Rahhal
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Tao J, Qiu J, Cao Z, Huang H, Xiao J, Zhang T. From basic research to clinical application: targeting fibroblast activation protein for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:361-381. [PMID: 37726505 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to review the multifaceted roles of a membrane protein named Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expressed in tumor tissue, including its molecular functionalities, regulatory mechanisms governing its expression, prognostic significance, and its crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Articles that have uncovered the regulatory role of FAP in tumor, as well as its potential utility within clinical realms, spanning diagnosis to therapeutic intervention has been screened for a comprehensive review. RESULTS Our review reveals that FAP plays a pivotal role in solid tumor progression by undertaking a multitude of enzymatic and nonenzymatic roles within the tumor stroma. The exclusive presence of FAP within tumor tissues highlights its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. The review also emphasizes the prognostic significance of FAP in predicting tumor progression and patient outcomes. Furthermore, the emerging strategies involving FAPI inhibitor (FAPI) in cancer research and clinical trials for PET/CT diagnosis are discussed. And targeted therapy utilizing FAP including FAPI, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, tumor vaccine, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, FAP cleavable prodrugs, and drug delivery system are also introduced. CONCLUSION FAP's intricate interactions with tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment make it a promising target for diagnosis and treatment. Promising strategies such as FAPI offer potential avenues for accurate tumor diagnosis, while multiple therapeutic strategies highlight the prospects of FAP targeting treatments which needs further clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bueno-Urquiza LJ, Godínez-Rubí M, Villegas-Pineda JC, Vega-Magaña AN, Jave-Suárez LF, Puebla-Mora AG, Aguirre-Sandoval GE, Martínez-Silva MG, Ramírez-de-Arellano A, Pereira-Suárez AL. Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in Cervical Cancer Progression: FAP as a Central Activation Marker. Cells 2024; 13:560. [PMID: 38606999 PMCID: PMC11010959 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer among women and is one of the principal gynecological malignancies. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role during malignant progression, exhibiting a variety of heterogeneous phenotypes. CAFs express phenotypic markers like fibroblast activation protein (FAP), vimentin, S100A4, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and functional markers such as MMP9. This study aimed to evaluate the protein expression of vimentin, S100A4, αSMA, FAP, and MMP9 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-CAF cells, as well as in cervical cancer samples. MSC cells were stimulated with HeLa and SiHa tumor cell supernatants, followed by protein evaluation and cytokine profile to confirm differentiation towards a CAF phenotype. In addition, automated immunohistochemistry (IHQa) was performed to evaluate the expression of these proteins in CC samples at different stages. Our findings revealed a high expression of FAP in stimulated MSC cells, accompanied by the secretion of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the other hand, CC samples were observed to have high expression of FAP, vimentin, αSMA, and MMP9. Most importantly, there was a high expression of their activation proteins αSMA and FAP during the different stages. In the early stages, a myofibroblast-like phenotype (CAFs αSMA+ FAP+), and in the late stages a protumoral phenotype (CAF αSMA- FAP+). In summary, FAP has a crucial role in the activation of CAFs during cervical cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Jazmin Bueno-Urquiza
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (L.J.B.-U.); (A.N.V.-M.); (A.R.-d.-A.)
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.G.-R.); (J.C.V.-P.); (A.G.P.-M.); (G.E.A.-S.)
| | - Julio César Villegas-Pineda
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.G.-R.); (J.C.V.-P.); (A.G.P.-M.); (G.E.A.-S.)
| | - Alejandra Natali Vega-Magaña
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (L.J.B.-U.); (A.N.V.-M.); (A.R.-d.-A.)
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.G.-R.); (J.C.V.-P.); (A.G.P.-M.); (G.E.A.-S.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ana Graciela Puebla-Mora
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.G.-R.); (J.C.V.-P.); (A.G.P.-M.); (G.E.A.-S.)
| | - Gloria Estefanía Aguirre-Sandoval
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.G.-R.); (J.C.V.-P.); (A.G.P.-M.); (G.E.A.-S.)
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Silva
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (L.J.B.-U.); (A.N.V.-M.); (A.R.-d.-A.)
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (L.J.B.-U.); (A.N.V.-M.); (A.R.-d.-A.)
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.G.-R.); (J.C.V.-P.); (A.G.P.-M.); (G.E.A.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan S, Qi M, Qi Q, Miao Q, Deng L, Pan J, Qiu S, He J, Huang M, Li X, Huang J, Lin J, Lyu W, Deng W, He Y, Liu X, Gao L, Zhang D, Ye W, Chen M. Targeting FAP α-positive lymph node metastatic tumor cells suppresses colorectal cancer metastasis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:682-697. [PMID: 38322324 PMCID: PMC10840431 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is the main metastatic route for colorectal cancer, which increases the risk of cancer recurrence and distant metastasis. The properties of the lymph node metastatic colorectal cancer (LNM-CRC) cells are poorly understood, and effective therapies are still lacking. Here, we found that hypoxia-induced fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα) expression in LNM-CRC cells. Gain- or loss-function experiments demonstrated that FAPα enhanced tumor cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and lymphangiogenesis via activation of the STAT3 pathway. In addition, FAPα in tumor cells induced extracellular matrix remodeling and established an immunosuppressive environment via recruiting regulatory T cells, to promote colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis (CRCLNM). Z-GP-DAVLBH, a FAPα-activated prodrug, inhibited CRCLNM by targeting FAPα-positive LNM-CRC cells. Our study highlights the role of FAPα in tumor cells in CRCLNM and provides a potential therapeutic target and promising strategy for CRCLNM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinghua Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shenghui Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiashuai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Maohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiapeng Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenyu Lyu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiqing Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingyin He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lvfen Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He J, Fang B, Shan S, Li Q. Mechanical stiffness promotes skin fibrosis through FAPα-AKT signaling pathway. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:51-61. [PMID: 38155020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblasts contribute to the excessive production, remodeling and cross-linking of the extracellular matrix that characterizes the progression of skin fibrosis. An important insight into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis has been the discovery that increased matrix stiffness during fibrosis progression is involved in myofibroblast activation. However, mechanistic basis for this phenomenon remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) in mechanical stiffness-induced skin fibrosis progression. METHODS RNA-seq was performed to compare differential genes of mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) grown on low or high stiffness plates. This process identified FAPα, which is a membrane protein usually overexpressed in activated fibroblasts, as a suitable candidate. In vitro assay, we investigate the role of FAPα in mechanical stiffness-induced MDFs activation and downstream pathway. By establishing mouse skin fibrosis model and intradermally administrating FAPα adeno-associated virus (AAV) or a selective Fap inhibitor FAPi, we explore the role of FAPα in skin fibrosis in vivo. RESULTS We show that FAPα, a membrane protein highly expressed in myofibroblasts of skin fibrotic tissues, is regulated by increased matrix stiffness. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of FAPα significantly inhibits mechanical stiffness-induced activation of myofibroblasts in vitro. Mechanistically, FAPα promotes myofibroblast activation by stimulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Furthermore, we showed that administration of the inhibitor FAPi or FAPα targeted knockdown ameliorated the progression of skin fibrosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, we identify FAPα as an important driver of mechanical stiffness-induced skin fibrosis and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gehris J, Ervin C, Hawkins C, Womack S, Churillo AM, Doyle J, Sinusas AJ, Spinale FG. Fibroblast activation protein: Pivoting cancer/chemotherapeutic insight towards heart failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115914. [PMID: 37956895 PMCID: PMC10824141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism for cancer progression is degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which is accompanied by the emergence and proliferation of an activated fibroblast, termed the cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). More specifically, an enzyme pathway identified to be amplified with local cancer progression and proliferation of the CAF, is fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The development and progression of heart failure (HF) irrespective of the etiology is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and changes in ECM structure and function. As with cancer, HF progression is associated with a change in LV myocardial fibroblast growth and function, and expresses a protein signature not dissimilar to the CAF. The overall goal of this review is to put forward the postulate that scientific discoveries regarding FAP in cancer as well as the development of specific chemotherapeutics could be pivoted to target the emergence of FAP in the activated fibroblast subtype and thus hold translationally relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Gehris
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlie Ervin
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlotte Hawkins
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sydney Womack
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amelia M Churillo
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Doyle
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Yale University Cardiovascular Imaging Center, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qin L, Wu J. Targeting anticancer immunity in oral cancer: Drugs, products, and nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:116751. [PMID: 37507044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity carcinomas are the most frequent malignancies among head and neck malignancies. Oral tumors include not only oral cancer cells with different potency and stemness but also consist of diverse cells, containing anticancer immune cells, stromal and also immunosuppressive cells that influence the immune system reactions. The infiltrated T and natural killer (NK) cells are the substantial tumor-suppressive immune compartments in the tumor. The infiltration of these cells has substantial impacts on the response of tumors to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, cancer cells, stromal cells, and some other compartments like regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can repress the immune responses against malignant cells. Boosting anticancer immunity by inducing the immune system or repressing the tumor-promoting cells is one of the intriguing approaches for the eradication of malignant cells such as oral cancers. This review aims to concentrate on the secretions and interactions in the oral tumor immune microenvironment. We review targeting tumor stroma, immune system and immunosuppressive interactions in oral tumors. This review will also focus on therapeutic targets and therapeutic agents such as nanoparticles and products with anti-tumor potency that can boost anticancer immunity in oral tumors. We also explain possible future perspectives including delivery of various cells, natural products and drugs by nanoparticles for boosting anticancer immunity in oral tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Qin
- Gezhouba Central Hospital of the Third Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Jianan Wu
- Experimental and Practical Teaching Center, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abouelwafa M, Ibrahim TM, El-Hadidi MS, Mahnashi MH, Owaidah AY, Saeedi NH, Attia HG, Georrge JJ, Mostafa A. Using CADD tools to inhibit the overexpressed genes FAP, FN1, and MMP1 by repurposing ginsenoside C and Rg1 as a treatment for oral cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1248885. [PMID: 37936719 PMCID: PMC10627001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1248885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancer types. Many factors can express certain genes that cause the proliferation of oral tissues. Overexpressed genes were detected in oral cancer patients; three were highly impacted. FAP, FN1, and MMP1 were the targeted genes that showed inhibition results in silico by ginsenoside C and Rg1. Approved drugs were retrieved from the DrugBank database. The docking scores show an excellent interaction between the ligands and the targeted macromolecules. Further molecular dynamics simulations showed the binding stability of the proposed natural products. This work recommends repurposing ginsenoside C and Rg1 as potential binders for the selected targets and endorses future experimental validation for the treatment of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Abouelwafa
- Department of Bioinformatics, Christ College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Tamer M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Sciences, School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El-Hadidi
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Sciences, School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Y. Owaidah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar H. Saeedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - John J. Georrge
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, West Bengal, India
| | - Amany Mostafa
- Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang K, Xu LZ, Ning JZ, Cheng F. FAP promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37752545 PMCID: PMC10523722 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein, we aimed at exploring the FAP expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) along with its clinical implication. METHODS Using computational tools analysis of different freely accessible gene databases, the expression pattern, clinical importance, co-expressed genes, and signaling pathways of FAP in ccRCC were thoroughly investigated. FAP expression was examined in clinical ccRCC specimens through qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out using flow cytometry, CCK-8, wound-healing and Transwell assays, as well as xenograft tumor model, respectively. RESULTS FAP levels were found to be significantly elevated in ccRCC based on bioinformatic data from public databases. Patients who exhibited higher expression levels of FAP had poorer prognoses, according to Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival data. In addition, diagnostic and prognostic value of FAP in ccRCC was figured out by ROC curve and prognostic nomogram model. In vitro study revealed that the over-expression FAP accelerated cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion, and suppressed cell apoptosis, but silencing of FAP had the opposite effect. FAP suppression reduced the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway's stimulation, whereas FAP up-regulation increased the stimulation of the pathway. Blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 repressesed cancer-promoting effect of FAP. Additionally, we found that the downregulation of FAP was effective at slowing tumor progression in vivo. CONCLUSION It is possible that FAP could be a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC because of its role in the ccRCC progression via triggering the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhe Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng X, Ma J, Meng N, Yun T, Niu B. Case Report: SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient undifferentiated carcinoma of gallbladder with genetic analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1086266. [PMID: 37456262 PMCID: PMC10348478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1086266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient undifferentiated carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy. It has been reported to occur in a multiple range of organs. However, to the best of our knowledge, SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient undifferentiated carcinoma of gallbladder has not yet been reported. Here, we describe a case of SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient undifferentiated carcinoma of gallbladder. Through comprehensive genetic analysis, we hypothesized that in addition to SMARCA4 (BRG1) deficiency, other genetic changes might also be involved in the tumorigenesis of undifferentiated gallbladder cancer in this patient, particularly somatic mutations in the CTNNB1, KRAS, PIK3CA, TP53, CREBBP, and FANCI genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient undifferentiated carcinoma of gallbladder with genetic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Meng
- Pancreatic Endocrinology Ward, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Yun
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Beifang Niu
- Beijing ChosenMed Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu S, Wang P, Ye L, Liu C, Xiao W, Gao C, Huang X, Gao J. Identification and preliminary study of a novel interacting protein SCRIB with fibroblast activation protein in OSCC. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1327-1330. [PMID: 37337635 PMCID: PMC10448038 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryCancer CenterDepartment of Dental MedicineZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China
| | - Lingyun Ye
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryCancer CenterDepartment of Dental MedicineZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryCancer CenterDepartment of Dental MedicineZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryCancer CenterDepartment of Dental MedicineZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China
| | - Jinxing Gao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryCancer CenterDepartment of Dental MedicineZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li R, Liu C, Wan C, Liu T, Zhang R, Du J, Wang X, Jiao X, Gao R, Li B. A Targeted and pH-Responsive Nano-Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle Loaded with Doxorubicin for Synergetic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3309-3324. [PMID: 37351329 PMCID: PMC10284161 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s402249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant disease with serious impacts on human health and quality of life worldwide. This disease is traditionally treated through a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of traditional treatments is hindered by systemic toxicity, limited therapeutic effects, and drug resistance. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound protease. Although FAP has limited expression in normal adult tissues, it is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment of many solid cancers - a characteristic that makes it an ideal target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we constructed a nano-drug delivery system (NPF@DOX) targeting FAP to increase the therapeutic efficiency of synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy against OSCC. Methods We utilized PEGylated nano-graphene oxide (NGO) to link doxorubicin (DOX) and fluorescently-labeled, FAP-targeted peptide chains via hydrogen bonding and π-π bonding to enhance the targeting capability of NPF@DOX. The synthesis of NPF@DOX was analyzed using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and its morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the drug uptake efficiency in vitro, photo-thermal properties, release performance, and anti-tumor effects of NPF@DOX were evaluated and further demonstrated in vivo. Results Data derived from FT-IR, UV-Vis, and TEM implied successful construction of the NPF@DOX nano-drug delivery system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images and in vivo experiments demonstrated the targeting effects of FAP on OSCC. Furthermore, NPF@DOX exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency (52.48%) under near-infrared radiation. The thermogenic effect of NPF@DOX simultaneously promoted local release of DOX and apoptosis based on a pH-stimulated effect. Importantly, FAP-targeted NPF@DOX in combination with PTT showed better tumor suppression performance in vivo and in vitro than did either therapy individually. Conclusion NPF@DOX can precisely target OSCC, and combined treatment with chemical and photothermal therapy can improve the therapeutic outcomes of OSCC. This method serves as an efficient therapeutic strategy for the development of synergistic anti-tumor research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiong Wan
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji D, Jia J, Cui X, Li Z, Wu A. FAP promotes metastasis and chemoresistance via regulating YAP1 and macrophages in mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:106600. [PMID: 37213233 PMCID: PMC10196996 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MC) is less likely to respond to chemotherapy and is associated with poorer prognosis compared with non-MC (NMC). Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was found and validated to be upregulated in MC patients and was negatively correlated with prognosis and therapeutic outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Overexpression of FAP promoted CRC cell growth, invasion and metastasis, and enhanced chemoresistance. Myosin phosphatase Rho-interacting protein (MPRIP) was identified as a direct interacting protein of FAP. FAP may influence the efficiency of chemotherapy and prognosis by promoting the crucial functions of CRC and inducing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) recruitment and M2 polarization through regulating theRas Homolog Family Member/Hippo/Yes-associated protein (Rho/Hippo/YAP) signaling pathway. Knockdown of FAP could reverse tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in CRC cells. Thus, FAP may serve as a marker for prognosis and therapeutic outcome, as well as a potential therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in MC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengbo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jinying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kalaei Z, Manafi-Farid R, Rashidi B, Kiani FK, Zarei A, Fathi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The Prognostic and therapeutic value and clinical implications of fibroblast activation protein-α as a novel biomarker in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:139. [PMID: 37316886 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of contributing factors leading to the development of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), as the third fatal malignancy, is crucial. Today, the tumor microenvironment has been shown to play a key role in CRC progression. Fibroblast-Activation Protein-α (FAP) is a type II transmembrane cell surface proteinase expressed on the surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma. As an enzyme, FAP has di- and endoprolylpeptidase, endoprotease, and gelatinase/collagenase activities in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). According to recent reports, FAP overexpression in CRC contributes to adverse clinical outcomes such as increased lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence, and angiogenesis, as well as decreased overall survival. In this review, studies about the expression level of FAP and its associations with CRC patients' prognosis are reviewed. High expression levels of FAP and its association with clinicopathological factors have made as a potential target. In many studies, FAP has been evaluated as a therapeutic target and diagnostic factor into which the current review tries to provide a comprehensive insight. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kalaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Rashidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Karoon Kiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asieh Zarei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Fathi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jian HR, Niu WH, Xu ZS, Zhu JX, Pan X, Zhang YR, Lei P, Huang FQ, He Y. Establishment of FAP-overexpressing Cells for FAP-targeted Theranostics. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2740-7. [PMID: 37222958 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been widely studied and exploited for its clinical applications. One of the difficulties in interpreting reports of FAP-targeted theranostics is due to the lack of accurate controls, making the results less specific and less confirmative. This study aimed to establish a pair of cell lines, in which one highly expresses FAP (HT1080-hFAP) and the other has no detectable FAP (HT1080-vec) as control, to accurately evaluate the specificity of the FAP-targeted theranostics in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The cell lines of the experimental group (HT1080-hFAP) and no-load group (HT1080-vec) were obtained by molecular construction of the recombinant plasmid pIRES-hFAP. The expression of hFAP in HT1080 cells was detected by PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. CCK-8, Matrigel transwell invasion assay, scratch test, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to verify the physiological function of FAP. The activities of human dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) and human endopeptidase (EP) were detected by ELISA in HT1080-hFAP cells. PET imaging was performed in bilateral tumor-bearing nude mice models to evaluate the specificity of FAP. RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated the mRNA and protein expression of hFAP in HT1080-hFAP cells but not in HT1080-vec cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that nearly 95% of the HT1080-hFAP cells were FAP positive. The engineered hFAP on HT1080 cells had its ability to retain enzymatic activities and a variety of biological functions, including internalization, proliferation-, migration-, and invasion-promoting activities. The HT1080-hFAP xenografted tumors in nude mice bound and took up 68GA-FAPI-04 with superior selectivity. High image contrast and tumor-organ ratio were obtained by PET imaging. The HT1080-hFAP tumor retained the radiotracer for at least 60 min. CONCLUSION This pair of HT1080 cell lines was successfully established, making it feasible for accurate evaluation and visualization of therapeutic and diagnostic agents targeting the hFAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Jian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhuo-Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Xu Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yi-Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fa-Qing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang K, Yue B, Duan X, Chen W, Dai X, Chen Y, Li X, Lu J. Joint analysis identified FAP as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker correlated immune infiltration in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154462. [PMID: 37068372 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most malignant types of cancer in the digestive system because of its high incidence and mortality. There is a notable association between gastric cancer progression and the level and sort of immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. First, 41 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 91 down-regulated DEGs were identified from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Among the 21 core genes, prognosis biomarkers FAP, ASPN and CTHRC1 were identified for further study via Kaplan-Meier Plotter, with FAP having the highest prognostic value among them. In addition, the ROC curves of FAP (AUC=0.992), ASPN (AUC=0.955) and CTHRC1 (AUC=0.983) also showed high diagnostic value. Then the expression and mutation levels of the biomarkers were verified by GEPIA and cBioPortal. Their high expression levels were closely correlated to the clinical stages and metastasis status of gastric cancer. Furthermore, their expression was strongly relevant to immune infiltration and macrophage marker levels. In drug response analysis, gastric cancer cell lines with overexpression of FAP and ASPN were more sensitive to PI3K and MET inhibitors, respectively. Importantly, the meta-analysis showed that FAP had an overall positive rate of 68 % (63-73 %, 95 % CI; n = 382) and the patients with high expression of FAP showed a poor prognosis in terms of OS (HR=1.82, 1.33-2.48, 95 % CI) in gastric cancer. In short, FAP, ASPN and CTHRC1 were identified as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers related with immunity and might be effective therapeutic targets of gastric cancer, and the significance of FAP for the prognosis was further assessed by meta-analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Bingtong Yue
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuo Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao L, Guo B, Wang J, Wu J. Analysis of transcriptome expression profiling data in oral leukoplakia and early and late‑stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:156. [PMID: 36936021 PMCID: PMC10017914 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study screened, potential prognostic biomarkers for oral carcinogenesis. The GSE85195 dataset, which consisted of oral leukoplakia (OL) and early and late-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples, was used. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in early OSCC vs. OL, late OSCC vs. OL and late OSCC vs. early OSCC groups were screened using the limma package in R. The Short Time-series Expression Miner software package was used to cluster DEGs with similar expression patterns in the course of disease progression (from OL to early and then late-stage OSCC). Moreover, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online analysis tool was used to perform Gene Ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to assess the mRNA expression levels of hub node genes in clinical samples, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of the hub genes. A total of 4,595, 6,042 and 2,738 DEGs were screened in the early OSCC vs. OL, late OSCC vs. OL and late OSCC vs. early OSCC groups, respectively. A total of 665 overlapping genes were identified when the screened DEGs were compared. Cluster 1 and cluster 7 were identified as the significant clusters, which contained 496 and 341 DEGs, respectively. A PPI network was constructed with 440 interaction pairs. There were five differentially expressed hub nodes identified in different stages from OL to OSCC. The results of the present study indicated that fibronectin 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, collagen type II α1 chain, collagen type X α1 chain and collagen type IV α6 chain might serve as independent diagnostic factors for OL and OSCC, and as prognostic biomarkers for OL carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Yao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Lihui Yao, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison Hospital, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Wu
- School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li B, Ding Z, Calbay O, Li Y, Li T, Jin L, Huang S. FAP is critical for ovarian cancer cell survival by sustaining NF-κB activation through recruitment of PRKDC in lipid rafts. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:608-621. [PMID: 36494579 PMCID: PMC10498436 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is tumor-specific and plays an important role in tumorigenecity. However, agents against its enzymatic activity or extracellular presence were unsuccessful in the clinic for undefined reasons. Here we show that FAP expression is higher in advanced ovarian cancer and is only detected in invasive ovarian cancer cells. Silencing FAP induces apoptosis and FAP's enzymatic activity is dispensable for cell survival. To elucidate the cause of apoptosis, we find that NF-κB activity is diminished when FAP is depleted and BIRC5 (survivin) acts downstream of FAP-NF-κB axis to promote cell survival. To uncover the link between FAP and NF-κB activation, we reveal that PRKDC (DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase) forms complex with FAP and is required for NF-κB activation and cell survival. Remarkably, FAP-PRKDC interaction occurs only in lipid rafts, and depleting FAP prevents lipid raft localization of PRKDC. Given the known ability of PRKDC to direct NF-κB activation, these results suggest that FAP recruits PRKDC in lipid rafts for NF-κB activation. FAP's non-enzymatic role and functioning from lipid rafts for cell survival also offer an explanation on the failure of past FAP-targeted therapies. Finally, we demonstrate that EpCAM aptamer-delivered FAP siRNA impeded intraperitoneal xenograft development of ovary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zuo Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ozlem Calbay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Deparment of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Wang J, Lan T, Zhang L, Yan Z, Zhang N, Xu Y, Tao Q. Role and mechanism of fibroblast-activated protein-α expression on the surface of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135384. [PMID: 37006278 PMCID: PMC10064071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-activated protein-α (FAP) is a type II integrated serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts during fibrosis or inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial sites abundantly and stably overexpress FAP and play important roles in regulating the cellular immune, inflammatory, invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis responses in the synovial region. Overexpression of FAP is regulated by the initial inflammatory microenvironment of the disease and epigenetic signaling, which promotes RA development by regulating FLSs or affecting the signaling cross-linking FLSs with other cells at the local synovium and inflammatory stimulation. At present, several treatment options targeting FAP are in the process of development. This review discusses the basic features of FAP expressed on the surface of FLSs and its role in RA pathophysiology and advances in targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang M, Yang J, Tong R, Zhao W, Wu F, Tian Y, Li X, Luo J, Zhou H. Ionizing radiation-induced "zombie" carcinoma-associated fibroblasts with suppressed pro-radioresistance on OSCC cells. Oral Dis 2023; 29:563-573. [PMID: 34324756 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to investigate the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on oral carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and to further explore subsequent effects of IR-induced "zombie" CAFs on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three primary CAFs and one primary normal-associated fibroblasts (NAFs) were separated from human OSCC and normal oral mucosa tissues, identified by immunocytochemistry. Cells were exposed to IR by X-ray irradiator under different doses. The DNA damage, proliferation, and migration of irradiated CAFs were, respectively, detected by immunofluorescence and wound healing assay, while senescence was detected by β-galactosidase staining. Finally, the effect of irradiated CAFs on biological behavior and radioresistance of Cal-27 cells were determined via assays mentioned above. RESULTS Oral CAFs were sensitive to IR with DNA damage increasing and proliferation decreasing. 18 Gy IR could not kill oral CAFs but induce them to "zombies," with arrested proliferation, increased senescence, and reduced migration. "Zombie" CAFs (zCAFs) could enhance proliferation, migration, and invasion of Cal-27 cells, and show suppressed pro-radioresistance by reducing DNA damage and facilitating survival. CONCLUSIONS IR-induced zCAFs could continuously promote radioresistance of OSCC cells though being suppressed, suggesting the potential promoting effect on tumor relapse post-radiotherapy that needed further exploring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Dentistry, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruizhan Tong
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mori N, Jin J, Krishnamachary B, Mironchik Y, Wildes F, Vesuna F, Barnett JD, Bhujwalla ZM. Functional roles of FAP-α in metabolism, migration and invasion of human cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1068405. [PMID: 36937451 PMCID: PMC10015381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1068405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) is a transmembrane serine protease that is attracting significant interest as it is expressed by a subgroup of cancer-associated fibroblasts that play a role in immune suppression and cancer metastasis. FAP-α is also expressed by some cancer cells, such as melanoma, colorectal and breast cancer cells. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer that urgently requires identification of novel targets for therapy. To expand our understanding of the functional roles of FAP-α in TNBC we engineered a human TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, to stably overexpress FAP-α and characterized changes in metabolism by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cell proliferation, migration characterized by wound healing, and invasion. FAP-α overexpression resulted in significant alterations in myoinositol, choline metabolites, creatine, and taurine, as well as a significant increase of migration and invasion, although proliferation remained unaltered. The increase of migration and invasion are consistent with the known activities of FAP-α as an exopeptidase and endopeptidase/gelatinase/collagenase in tissue remodeling and repair, and in cell migration. We additionally determined the effects of FAP-α overexpression on the human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cell line that showed increased migration, accompanied by limited changes in metabolism that identified the dependency of the metabolic changes on cell type. These metabolic data identify a previously unknown role of FAP-α in modifying cancer cell metabolism in the TNBC cell line studied here that may provide new insights into its functional roles in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Noriko Mori, ; Zaver M. Bhujwalla,
| | - Jiefu Jin
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Flonné Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farhad Vesuna
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James D. Barnett
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Noriko Mori, ; Zaver M. Bhujwalla,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miao Y, Deng Y, Liu J, Wang J, Hu B, Hao S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang P, Wan H, Zhang S, Feng J, Ji N. Anti-cancer effect of targeting fibroblast activation protein alpha in glioblastoma through remodeling macrophage phenotype and suppressing tumor progression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:878-892. [PMID: 36382346 PMCID: PMC9928553 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of glioma and has a poor median survival time. Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is a dual-specificity serine protease that is strongly associated with the development and progression of human carcinomas. However, relatively little is known about the function of FAP and its potential as a therapeutic target in GBMs. AIMS In this study, we aimed to explore the role of FAP in GBM through a series of experiments and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PT100, a small molecule inhibitor of FAP, on GBM. RESULTS Increased FAP expression was associated with poor survival in glioma. In vitro, FAP knockdown inhibited the process of EMT and caused a decrease in the number of M2 macrophages. In vivo, PT100 was confirmed to suppress the progression of GBMs significantly. CONCLUSIONS FAP could serve as a biomarker and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM and that PT100 is a promising drug for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Yuxuan Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Boyi Hu
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro‐Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Zeping Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Chunzhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina
| | - Hong Wan
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina
| | - Jie Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityFengtai, BeijingChina,Beijing Cancer Institute, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (China)BeijingChina,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Borgonje PE, Andrews LM, Herder GJM, de Klerk JMH. Performance and Prospects of [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT Scans in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225566. [PMID: 36428657 PMCID: PMC9688494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) could be a promising target for tumor imaging and therapy, as it is expressed in >90% of epithelial cancers. A high level of FAP-expression might be associated with worse prognosis in several cancer types, including lung cancer. FAPI binds this protein and allows for labelling to Gallium-68, as well as several therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. As FAP is only expressed at insignificant levels in adult normal tissue, FAPI provides a highly specific tumor-marker for many epithelial cancers. In this review, current information on the use of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lung cancer is presented. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI shows a high uptake (standardized uptake value = SUVmax) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) in primary lung cancer lesions, as well as in metastatic lesions of other tumor types located in the lung and in lung cancer metastases located throughout the body. Where a comparison was made to [18F]FDG PET/CT, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI showed a similar or higher SUVmax and TBR. In brain and bone metastases, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT outperformed [18F]FDG PET/CT. In addition to this strong diagnostic performance, a possible prognostic value of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lung cancer is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula E. Borgonje
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Louise M. Andrews
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Gerarda J. M. Herder
- Department of Pulmonology, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - John M. H. de Klerk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-33-850-5050
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Santi MD, Zhang M, Salvo E, Asam K, Viet C, Xie T, Amit M, Aouizerat B, Ye Y. Schwann Cells Induce Phenotypic Changes in Oral Cancer Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200187. [PMID: 35925609 PMCID: PMC9474679 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, the majority being oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of patients with HNC remains stagnant. The cancer-nerve interaction has been recognized as an important driver of cancer progression. Schwann cells, a type of peripheral glia, have been implicated in promoting cancer cell growth, migration, dispersion, and invasion into the nerve in many cancers. Here, it is demonstrated that the presence of Schwann cells makes oral cancer cells more aggressive by promoting their proliferation, extracellular matrix breakdown, and altering cell metabolism. Furthermore, oral cancer cells became larger, more circular, with more projections and nuclei following co-culturing with Schwann cells. RNA-sequencing analysis in oral cancer cells following exposure to Schwann cells shows corresponding changes in genes involved in the hallmarks of cancer and cell metabolism; the enriched KEGG pathways are spliceosome, RNA transport, cell cycle, axon guidance, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, cAMP signaling, WNT signaling, proteoglycans in cancer and PI3K-Akt signaling. Taken together, these results suggest a significant role for Schwann cells in facilitating oral cancer progression, highlighting their potential as a target to treat oral cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Santi
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University
| | - Morgan Zhang
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University
| | - Elizabeth Salvo
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University
| | - Kesava Asam
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University
| | - Chi Viet
- Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA92350
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Moran Amit
- Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Bradley Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University
| | - Yi Ye
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ding J, Xu M, Chen J, Zhang P, Huo L, Kong Z, Liu Z. 86Y-Labeled Albumin-Binding Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor for Late-Time-Point Cancer Diagnosis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3429-3438. [PMID: 35976352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a novel quinoline-based radiopharmaceutical that has theranostic potential, yet the limited tumor retention hinders late-time diagnosis and radionuclide treatment. This study synthesized four albumin-binding FAPIs (TE-FAPI-01 to 04) and evaluated their in vitro stability, binding affinity, in vivo biodistribution, and tumor uptake with 68Ga, 86Y, and 177Lu labeling, aiming to select the best molecule that has favorable pharmacokinetics to extend the blood circulation and tumor uptake in FAP-expressing tumors. All TE-FAPIs were stable in saline and plasma and displayed high FAP-binding affinity, with IC50 values ranging from 3.96 to 34.9 nmol/L. The capabilities of TE-FAPIs to be retained in circulation were higher than that of FAPI-04, and TE-FAPI-04 displayed minimum physiological uptake in major organs compared with other molecules. TE-FAPI-03 and TE-FAPI-04 exhibited persistent tumor accumulation, with tumor radioactivity 24 h after administration of 2.84 ± 1.19%ID/g and 3.86 ± 1.15%ID/g for 177Lu-TE-FAPI-03 and 177Lu-TE-FAPI-04, respectively, both of which outperformed 177Lu-FAPI-04 (0.34 ± 0.07%ID/g). TE-FAPI-04 was recognized as the albumin-binding FAPI with the most favorable pharmacokinetics and imaging performance. The enhanced circulation half-life and tumor uptake of TE-FAPI-04 aided the theranostics of malignant tumors and warrant further clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Importance of Fibrosis in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Leiomyoma and the Promising Anti-fibrotic Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors in the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1383-1398. [PMID: 35969363 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroid or leiomyoma is the most common benign uterus tumor. The tumor is primarily composed of smooth muscle (fibroid) cells, myofibroblast, and a significant amount of extracellular matrix components. It mainly affects women of reproductive age. They are uncommon before menarche and usually disappear after menopause. The fibroids have excessive extracellular matrix components secreted by activated fibroblast cells (myofibroblast). Myofibroblast has the characteristics of fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. These cells possess contractile capability due to the expression of contractile proteins which are normally found only in muscle tissues. The rigid nature of the tumor is responsible for many side effects associated with uterine fibroids. The current drug treatment strategies are primarily hormone-driven and not anti-fibrotic. This paper emphasizes the fibrotic background of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms behind the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix components. The transforming growth factor-β, hippo, and focal adhesion kinase-mediated signaling pathways activate the fibroblast cells and deposit excessive extracellular matrix materials. We also exemplify how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the fibrotic process in leiomyoma. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors prevent the fibrotic process in organs such as the kidneys, lungs, liver, and heart. These inhibitors are proven to inhibit the signaling pathways mentioned above at various stages of their activation. Based on literature evidence, we constructed a narrative review on the mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors for treating uterine fibroids.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu Z, Hua Y, Shen Q, Yu C. Research progress on the role of fibroblast activation protein in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:746-755. [PMID: 35506275 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a type II transmembrane protein, which is over-expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are tumor stromal cells that constitute a major component of cancer volume and are reportedly related to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis, promotion of drug resistance and induction of tumor immunity. FAP is widely acknowledged as the signature protein of CAFs. At present, FAP inhibitors (FAPI) have achieved ideal results in tumor PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Theoretically, FAP-targeted drugs can inhibit tumor progression. Nonetheless, no satisfactory therapeutic effect has been observed so far, which has impeded their implementation in clinical practice. In this review, we describe the characteristics of FAP and its role in the occurrence and development of cancer. We also highlight the potential value of targeting FAP to improve current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoye Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuqi Hua
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiaoling Shen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sheng D, Zhao B, Zhu W, Wang T, Peng Y. Scutellaria barbata D.Don (SBD) extracts suppressed tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in Prostate cancer via PI3K/Akt pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:120. [PMID: 35505400 PMCID: PMC9066752 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scutellaria barbata D.Don (SBD) is derived from the dried whole plant of Labiate which has been widely used to treat patients with multiple cancer. It was previously reported that the ethanol extract of SBD is able to promote apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis in cancer. Materials and methods CCK8, Edu assays and colony formation assay were performed to assess the effect of SBD on PCa cell growth. Effect of SBD on apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell and wounding healing assay were conducted to detect the invasion and migration activities of PCa cells. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression. 2RRV1 mouse xenograft model was established to detect the effect of SBD on prostate cancer. Angiogenesis was analysed by coculturing PCa cell lines and HUVECs. Results The results showed that SBD induced a significant decrease in cell viability and clonogenic growth in a dose-dependent manner. SBD induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M phase arrest by inactivating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Treatment with SBD also significantly decreased the cell migration and invasion via phenotypic inversion of EMT that was characterized by the increased expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin, and decreased expression of N-cadherin, which could be partially attributed to inhibiting PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Subsequently, using AKT inhibitor MK2206, we concluded that PI3K/AKT are also involved in cell apoptosis and metastasis of PCa cells stimulated by SBD. Apart from its direct effects on PCa cells, SBD also exhibited anti-angiogenic properties. SBD alone or conditioned media from SBD-treated PCa cells reduced HUVEC tube formation on Matrigel without affecting HUVEC viability. Furthermore, 22RV1 xenograft C57BL/6 mice treated with SBD in vivo showed a significant inhibitory in tumour size and tumour weight without toxicity. In addition, administration with medium- or high-dose of SBD significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and enhanced the damage to tumour tissues. Conclusions Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that SBD has the potential to develop into a safe and potent alternative therapy for PCa patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03587-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Sheng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mathieson L, O'Connor RA, Stewart H, Shaw P, Dhaliwal K, Williams GOS, Megia-Fernandez A, Akram AR. Fibroblast Activation Protein Specific Optical Imaging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834350. [PMID: 35359378 PMCID: PMC8961646 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface propyl-specific serine protease involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix. Whilst expressed at low levels in healthy tissue, upregulation of FAP on fibroblasts can be found in several solid organ malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, and chronic inflammatory conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Their full role remains unclear, but FAP expressing cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been found to relate to a poor prognosis with worse survival rates in breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Optical imaging using a FAP specific chemical probe, when combined with clinically compatible imaging systems, can provide a readout of FAP activity which could allow disease monitoring, prognostication and potentially stratify therapy. However, to derive a specific signal for FAP any sequence must retain specificity over closely related endopeptidases, such as prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), and be resistant to degradation in areas of active inflammation. We describe the iterative development of a FAP optical reporter sequence which retains FAP specificity, confers resistance to degradation in the presence of activated neutrophil proteases and demonstrates clinical tractability ex vivo in NSCLC samples with an imaging platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mathieson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A O'Connor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Stewart
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paige Shaw
- EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth O S Williams
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ahsan R Akram
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sharma U, Barwal TS, Murmu M, Acharya V, Pant N, Dey D, Vivek, Gautam A, Bazala S, Singh I, Azzouz F, Bishayee A, Jain A. Clinical potential of long non-coding RNA LINC01133 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers. Biomark Med 2022; 16:349-369. [PMID: 35195032 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01133 (LINC01133) was identified as a novel transcript in cancers. It modulates various hallmarks of cancers and acts as oncogenic in some cancers while tumor-suppressive in others. Furthermore, the expression of LINC01133 correlates with tumor size, advanced tumor node metastasis stage and lymphatic node metastasis, Ki-67 levels and overall survival of patients. Herein, the authors provide an in-depth analysis describing how LINC01133 modulates the multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways and the pathogenesis of various malignancies and treatment regimens. Based on the role played by LINC01133, the authors propose LINC01133 as both a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Masang Murmu
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Varnali Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Pant
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Damayanti Dey
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashima Gautam
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Sonali Bazala
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsa Singh
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Farah Azzouz
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tagirasa R, Yoo E. Role of Serine Proteases at the Tumor-Stroma Interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832418. [PMID: 35222418 PMCID: PMC8873516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumor development, invasion and metastasis, the intimate interaction between tumor and stroma shapes the tumor microenvironment and dictates the fate of tumor cells. Stromal cells can also influence anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern this complex and dynamic interplay, thus is important for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Proteolytic enzymes that are expressed and secreted by both cancer and stromal cells play important roles in modulating tumor-stromal interaction. Among, several serine proteases such as fibroblast activation protein, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, kallikrein-related peptidases, and granzymes have attracted great attention owing to their elevated expression and dysregulated activity in the tumor microenvironment. This review highlights the role of serine proteases that are mainly derived from stromal cells in tumor progression and associated theranostic applications.
Collapse
|
35
|
Antrodia cinnamomea exerts an anti-hepatoma effect by targeting PI3K/AKT-mediated cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:890-906. [PMID: 35256953 PMCID: PMC8897033 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is extensively used as a traditional medicine to prevention and treatment of liver cancer. However, its comprehensive chemical fingerprint is uncertain, and the mechanisms, especially the potential therapeutic target for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. Using UPLC‒Q-TOF/MS, 139 chemical components were identified in A. cinnamomea dropping pills (ACDPs). Based on these chemical components, network pharmacology demonstrated that the targets of active components were significantly enriched in the pathways in cancer, which were closely related with cell proliferation regulation. Next, HCC data was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and DisGeNET were analyzed by bioinformatics, and 79 biomarkers were obtained. Furtherly, nine targets of ACDP active components were revealed, and they were significantly enriched in PI3K/AKT and cell cycle signaling pathways. The affinity between these targets and their corresponding active ingredients was predicted by molecular docking. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that ACDPs could reduce the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and downregulate the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, contributing to the decreased growth of liver cancer. Altogether, PI3K/AKT-cell cycle appears as the significant central node in anti-liver cancer of A. Cinnamomea.
Collapse
|
36
|
Potential for a theranostic approach targeting cancer associated fibroblasts. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
37
|
Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase promotes the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via the K-Ras and RhoA signaling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105320. [PMID: 34875442 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research investigated the biological role of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) progression meanwhile to explore the conceivable mechanism. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression were measured using real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle distribution, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The anti-tumor activity of ICMT silencing was observed in nude mice. RESULTS Our results indicated that silencing of ICMT-mediated methylation effectively inhibited TSCC cells proliferation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, ICMT knockdown also induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of both CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells. In addition, CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells migration and invasion were weakened by ICMT siRNA. Mechanistically, ICMT deficiency significantly decreased the K-Ras and RhoA membrane targeting localization, leading to the suppression of K-Ras- and RhoA-mediated downstream signaling in CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings identified a crucial role played by ICMT in the progression of TSCC and the potential mechanisms by which exerted its effects, indicating that targeting ICMT may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for TSCC.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xin L, Gao J, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Lv S, Zhao Z, Yu C, Yang X, Zhang R. Fibroblast Activation Protein-α as a Target in the Bench-to-Bedside Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors: A Narrative Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648187. [PMID: 34490078 PMCID: PMC8416977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a type II integral serine protease that is specifically expressed by activated fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor stroma have an abundant and stable expression of FAP, which plays an important role in promoting tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. For example, in females with a high incidence of breast cancer, CAFs account for 50–70% of the cells in the tumor’s microenvironment. CAF overexpression of FAP promotes tumor development and metastasis by influencing extracellular matrix remodeling, intracellular signaling, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression. This review discusses the basic biological characteristics of FAP and its applications in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. We review the emerging basic and clinical research data regarding the use of nanomaterials that target FAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziliang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuxin Lv
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunhai Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaotang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qin H, Wang C, Hua Y. LINC01123 is associated with prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and involved in tumor progression by sponging miR-34a-5p. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 133:50-59. [PMID: 34511356 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor. This study aimed to investigate the role of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LINC01123, in OSCC prognosis and progression and to explore the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN OSCC tissues were collected from 102 patients, and 4 OSCC cell lines were analyzed. The expression levels of LINC01123 and miR-34a-5p were estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were used to assess the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the prognostic value of LINC01123 in OSCC. RESULTS The analysis results showed that LINC01123 was overexpressed in OSCC tumor tissues; also, the prognosis of patients with OSCC with high LINC01123 expression levels was poor. The knockdown of LINC01123 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OCSS cells. MiR-34a-5p was a target of LINC01123, and its inhibitor could reverse the effect of silenced LINC01123 on the progression of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Highly expressed LINC01123 was associated with poor prognosis of OSCC and regulated OSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by sponging miR-34a-5p. Therefore, the LINC01123/miR-34a-5p axis may provide new ideas for the prognosis and treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261031, China
| | - Changlei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261031, China
| | - Yingjie Hua
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261031, China..
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fibroblasts Influence the Efficacy, Resistance, and Future Use of Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060634. [PMID: 34200702 PMCID: PMC8230410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of not only epithelial cells but also many other cell types that contribute to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within this space, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent cell type, and these cells are connected to an increase in tumor progression as well as alteration of the immune landscape present in and around the tumor. This is accomplished in part by their ability to alter the presence of both innate and adaptive immune cells as well as the release of various chemokines and cytokines, together leading to a more immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, new research implicates CAFs as players in immunotherapy response in many different tumor types, typically by blunting their efficacy. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), two major CAF proteins, are associated with the outcome of different immunotherapies and, additionally, have become new targets themselves for immune-based strategies directed at CAFs. This review will focus on CAFs and how they alter the immune landscape within tumors, how this affects response to current immunotherapy treatments, and how immune-based treatments are currently being harnessed to target the CAF population itself.
Collapse
|
41
|
Linz C, Brands RC, Kertels O, Dierks A, Brumberg J, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Hartmann S, Schirbel A, Serfling S, Zhi Y, Buck AK, Kübler A, Hohm J, Lapa C, Kircher M. Targeting fibroblast activation protein in newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity - initial experience and comparison to [ 18F]FDG PET/CT and MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3951-3960. [PMID: 34050405 PMCID: PMC8484183 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose While [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) is the standard for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), diagnostic specificity is hampered by uptake in inflammatory cells such as neutrophils or macrophages. Recently, molecular imaging probes targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), which is overexpressed in a variety of cancer-associated fibroblasts, have become available and might constitute a feasible alternative to FDG PET/CT. Methods Ten consecutive, treatment-naïve patients (8 males, 2 females; mean age, 62 ± 9 years) with biopsy-proven OSCC underwent both whole-body [18F]FDG and [68Ga]FAPI-04 (FAP-directed) PET/CT for primary staging prior to tumor resection and cervical lymph node dissection. Detection of the primary tumor, as well as the presence and number of lymph node and distant metastases was analysed. Intensity of tracer accumulation was assessed by means of maximum (SUVmax) and peak (SUVpeak) standardized uptake values. Histological work-up including immunohistochemical staining for FAP served as standard of reference. Results [18F]FDG and FAP-directed PET/CT detected all primary tumors with a SUVmax of 25.5 ± 13.2 (FDG) and 20.5 ± 6.4 (FAP-directed) and a SUVpeak of 16.1 ± 10.3 ([18F]FDG) and 13.8 ± 3.9 (FAP-directed), respectively. Regarding cervical lymph node metastases, FAP-directed PET/CT demonstrated comparable sensitivity (81.3% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.32) and specificity (93.3% vs. 81.3%; P = 0.16) to [18F]FDG PET/CT. FAP expression on the cell surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts in both primary lesions as well as lymph nodes metastases was confirmed in all samples. Conclusion FAP-directed PET/CT in OSCC seems feasible. Future research to investigate its potential to improve patient staging is highly warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05422-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roman C Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kertels
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dierks
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Brumberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str.2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Serfling
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yingjun Zhi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Hohm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Malte Kircher
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Colorectal cancer cell intrinsic fibroblast activation protein alpha binds to Enolase1 and activates NF-κB pathway to promote metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:543. [PMID: 34035230 PMCID: PMC8149633 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is a marker of cancer-associated fibroblast, which is also expressed in cancer epithelial cells. However, the role of FAP in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains to be elucidated. Here we investigate the expression pattern of FAP in CRC tissues and cells to prove that FAP is upregulated in CRC cells. Loss- of and gain-of-function assays identified FAP promotes migration and invasion instead of an effect on cell proliferation. Microarray assays are adopted to identify the different expressed genes after FAP knockdown and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is used to exploit the involved signaling pathway. Our works reveal FAP exerts a function dependent on NF-κB signaling pathway and FAP expression is associated with NF-κB signaling pathway in clinical samples. Our work shows FAP is secreted by CRC cells and soluble FAP could promote metastasis. To investigate the mechanism of FAP influencing the NF-κB signaling pathway, LC/MS is performed to identify the proteins interacting with FAP. We find that FAP binds to ENO1 and activates NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on ENO1. Blocking ENO1 could partially reverse the pro-metastatic effect mediated by FAP. We also provide evidences that both FAP and ENO1 are associated with CRC stages, and high levels of FAP and ENO1 predict a poor survival in CRC patients. In summary, our work could provide a novel mechanism of FAP in CRC cells and a potential strategy for treatment of metastatic CRC.
Collapse
|
43
|
Oncogenesis, Microenvironment Modulation and Clinical Potentiality of FAP in Glioblastoma: Lessons Learned from Other Solid Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051142. [PMID: 34068501 PMCID: PMC8151573 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase family, which has catalytic activity and is engaged in protein recruitment and scaffolds. Recent studies have found that FAP expression in different types of cells within the GBM microenvironment is typically upregulated compared with that in lower grade glioma and is most pronounced in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM. As a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with tumorigenic activity, FAP has been proven to promote tumor growth and invasion via hydrolysis of molecules such as brevican in the extracellular matrix and targeting of downstream pathways and substrates, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). In addition, based on its ability to suppress antitumor immunity in GBM and induce temozolomide resistance, FAP may be a potential target for immunotherapy and reversing temozolomide resistance; however, current studies on therapies targeting FAP are still limited. In this review, we summarized recent progress in FAP expression profiling and the understanding of the biological function of FAP in GBM and raised the possibility of FAP as an imaging biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiang X, Wang X, Shen T, Yao Y, Chen M, Li Z, Li X, Shen J, Kou Y, Chen S, Zhou X, Luo Z, Cheng Z. FAPI-04 PET/CT Using [ 18F]AlF Labeling Strategy: Automatic Synthesis, Quality Control, and In Vivo Assessment in Patient. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649148. [PMID: 33816303 PMCID: PMC8017320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
68Ga labeled FAPI is the current standard for FAPI-PET, but its batch activity is limited. [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 is a promising alternative combining the advantages of a chelator-based radiolabeling method with the unique properties of fluorine-18. The objective of this study was to develop a quick automatic method for synthesis of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 using a AllinOne synthesis system, and perform PET imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 on patients. [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 was produced, and its quality control was conducted by HPLC equipped with a radioactive detector. [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging was performed in normal BALB/c mice (n = 3) and 4T1 breast cancer models (n = 3) to determine its biodistribution. Then [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging were performed in an invasive ductal carcinoma patient (female, 54 years old). The synthesis time of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 was about 25 min, and the radiochemical yield was 26.4 ± 1.5% (attenuation correction, n = 10). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was above 98.0% after 6 h. The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was 49.41 ± 3.19 GBq/μmol. PET/CT imaging in mice showed that physiological uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 was mainly in the biliary system and bladder, and [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 highly concentrated in tumor xenografts. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 obtained high tumor background ratio (TBR) value of 8.44 in segment V and VI, while TBR value was 2.55 by 18F-FDG. [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 could be synthesized with high radiochemical yield and batch production by AllinOne module and show excellent diagnosis performance in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Isotope, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Taipeng Shen
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutang Yao
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeng Li
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Kou
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shirong Chen
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Luo
- Institute of Isotope, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuzhong Cheng
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Joshi RS, Kanugula SS, Sudhir S, Pereira MP, Jain S, Aghi MK. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061399. [PMID: 33808627 PMCID: PMC8003545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of genomic medicine, cancer treatment has become more personalized as novel therapeutic targets and pathways are identified. Research over the past decade has shown the increasing importance of how the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a major structural component of the TME, regulate oncogenic functions including tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and immune cell modulation, amongst others. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been identified in several systemic cancers as critical regulators of the malignant cancer phenotype. This review of the literature comprehensively profiles the roles of CAFs implicated in gastrointestinal, endocrine, head and neck, skin, genitourinary, lung, and breast cancers. The ubiquitous presence of CAFs highlights their significance as modulators of cancer progression and has led to the subsequent characterization of potential therapeutic targets, which may help advance the cancer treatment paradigm to determine the next generation of cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of the key roles that CAFs play in the scope of systemic disease, the mechanisms by which they enhance protumoral effects, and the primary CAF-related markers that may offer potential targets for novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh S. Joshi
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA;
| | | | - Sweta Sudhir
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Matheus P. Pereira
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-514-9820
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang D, Song Y, Li D, Liu X, Pan Y, Ding L, Shi G, Wang Y, Ni Y, Hou Y. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor progression by lncRNA-mediated RUNX2/GDF10 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:780-794. [PMID: 33657265 PMCID: PMC8807363 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are the most abundant stromal cells in tumor and exert a pro-tumoral effect in cancer progression. Numerous evidence shows long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) abnormally regulates gene expression in various cancers. However, little is known about the role of lncRNA in the interaction between CAF and cancer cells. Here, we first identify an uncharacterized lncRNA, LOC100506114, which is significantly upregulated in CAF and is involved in the functional transformation of normal fibroblasts (NF) and CAF. Expression of LOC100506114 enhances the expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha and α-smooth muscle actin in NF and promotes malignant characteristics of NF and CAF in vivo and in vitro. The profile of gene co-expression analysis shows that growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) is positively correlated with the expression of LOC100506114. CAF promote stromal fibroblast activation and the proliferation and migration of tumor cells by secreting GDF10. Our data demonstrate that lncRNA plays a critical role in the interplay of stromal fibroblasts and tumor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yuxian Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Dan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xinghan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Liang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Guoping Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing of Stomatological Hospital, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu Z, Ma D, Yang H, Gao J, Zhang G, Xu K, Zhang L. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: Surface markers and phenotypes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107392. [PMID: 33529910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects synovial joints. During the course of RA, the synovium transforms into hyperplastic invasive tissue, leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial lining develop aggressive phenotypes and produce pathogenic mediators that lead to the occurrence and progression of disease, playing a major role in RA pathophysiology. Therefore, research on FLS has become the main focus within the RA field. With technical advances and the development of multi-omics comprehensive analysis approaches, it has become possible to identify different FLS subsets via high-throughput sequencing and investigate differences between FLS phenotypes, allowing for the detailed study of RA pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent works on FLS subtypes and the surface marker proteins identified for different subtypes, providing a theoretical basis and reference for future studies on FLS in RA. The current work also addresses the clinical potential of FLS surface markers in RA based on related research from other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wu
- Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, PR China.
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Helin Yang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Gailian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a type-II transmembrane serine protease expressed almost exclusively to pathological conditions including fibrosis, arthritis, and cancer. Across most cancer types, elevated FAP is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Despite the clear association between FAP and disease severity, the biological reasons underlying these clinical observations remain unclear. Here we review basic FAP biology and FAP's role in non-oncologic and oncologic disease. We further explore how FAP may worsen clinical outcomes via its effects on extracellular matrix remodeling, intracellular signaling regulation, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression. Lastly, we discuss the potential to exploit FAP biology to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Fitzgerald
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3870 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3870 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li Z, Zhao S, Zhu S, Fan Y. MicroRNA-153-5p promotes the proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma via direct targeting of AGO1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:33. [PMID: 33414440 PMCID: PMC7791042 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to affect the biological processes of cancers and showed great potential for prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we screened differentially expressed miRNAs in ccRCC based on three dimensions of metastasis, prognosis, and differential expression compared to normal tissue using bioinformatics algorithms. MiR-153-5p was identified as a candidate miRNA to promote ccRCC occurrence and progression. Clinically, we found that miR-153-5p was significantly upregulated and related to unfavorable clinical features in ccRCC. Besides, miR-153-5p served as an independent prognostic biomarker. Functionally, miR-153-5p depletion remarkably inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of ccRCC via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Furthermore, AGO1 was proved to be a direct target of miR-153-5p. AGO1 is associated with favorable clinical features and exhibited independent prognostic value in ccRCC. Besides, we observed that AGO1 knockdown significantly promoted tumor proliferation and metastasis. Downregulation of AGO1 partly abolished the oncogenic effects of miR-153-5p knockdown. Furthermore, miR-153-5p combined with AGO1 showed more robust prognostic significance in ccRCC. In conclusion, we found that the newly identified miR-153-5p/AGO1 axis was responsible for tumor occurrence and progression via PI3K/Akt signaling, which may therefore provide promising therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for patients with ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shiqin Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen L, Wu Q, Xu X, Yang C, You J, Chen F, Zeng Y. Cancer/testis antigen LDHC promotes proliferation and metastasis by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β-signaling pathway and the in lung adenocarcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112414. [PMID: 33301764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cancer/testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDHC) is a specific isoenzyme of the LDH family that regulates invasion and metastasis in some malignancies; however, little is known regarding its role in progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, we investigated LDHC expression by immunohistochemistry, and analyzed its clinical significance in 88 LUAD specimens. The role and molecular mechanisms subserving LDHC in cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were explored both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, we found that high LDHC expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological features of aggressive LUAD and a poor prognosis. Overexpression of LDHC induced LUAD cells to produce lactate and ATP, increased their metastatic and invasive potential-, and accelerated xenograft tumor growth. We further demonstrated that overexpression of LDHC affected the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, Vimentin, Twist, Slug, and Snail) both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, excessive activation of LDHC enhanced the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK-3β, revealing activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β oncogenic-signaling pathways. Treatment with a PI3K inhibitor reversed the effects of LDHC overexpression by inhibiting cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, with diminished levels of p-Akt and p-GSK3β. PI3K inhibition also reversed cell proliferation-related and EMT-related proteins in LDHC-overexpressing A549 cells. In conclusion, LDHC promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in LUAD cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine,Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xunyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yanfen Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|