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Jiang S, Li X, Zhang F, Mao J, Cao M, Zhang X, Huang S, Duan X, Shen J. Manganese Dioxide-Based Nanocarrier Delivers Paclitaxel to Enhance Chemotherapy against Orthotopic Glioma through Hypoxia Relief. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101531. [PMID: 35587180 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy plays an important role in treating cancers in clinic. Hypoxia-mediated chemoresistance remains a major hurdle for effective tumor chemotherapy. Herein, a new class of tLyP-1-modified dopamine (DOPA)-β-cyclodextrin (CD)-coated paclitaxel (PTX)- and manganese dioxide (MnO2 )-loaded nanoparticles (tLyP-1-CD-DOPA-MnO2 @PTX) is developed to enhance glioma chemotherapy. The nanomedicine delivered to the tumor site decomposes in response to the weak acidity and high hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in collapse of the system to release PTX and generates Mn2+ and O2 . In a rat model of intracranial glioma, tLyP-1-CD-DOPA-MnO2 @PTX can efficiently pass through the blood-brain-barrier to accumulate in tumor sites. The hypoxia in TME can be relieved via O2 generated by MnO2 and the reactive oxygen species produced by Mn2+ can kill tumor cells. The tLyP-1-CD-DOPA-MnO2 @PTX nanoparticles exert a remarkable antitumor effect by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells in addition to enabling real-time tumor monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging. This MnO2 -based theranostic medicine will offer a novel strategy to simultaneously enhance chemotherapy and achieve real-time imaging of therapeutic process in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiaji Mao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Siming Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of MDA-7/IL-24: A Ubiquitous Cancer-Suppressing Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010072. [PMID: 35008495 PMCID: PMC8744595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24), a secreted protein of the IL-10 family, was first identified more than two decades ago as a novel gene differentially expressed in terminally differentiating human metastatic melanoma cells. MDA-7/IL-24 functions as a potent tumor suppressor exerting a diverse array of functions including the inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and induction of potent "bystander" antitumor activity and synergy with conventional cancer therapeutics. MDA-7/IL-24 induces cancer-specific cell death through apoptosis or toxic autophagy, which was initially established in vitro and in preclinical animal models in vivo and later in a Phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced cancers. This review summarizes the history and our current understanding of the molecular/biological mechanisms of MDA-7/IL-24 action rendering it a potent cancer suppressor.
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Interleukin (IL)-24: Reconfiguring the Tumor Microenvironment for Eliciting Antitumor Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:99-110. [PMID: 33559858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. Due to its unique ability to function as both a tumor suppressor and cytokine, IL-24-based cancer therapy has been developed for treating a broad spectrum of human cancers. Majority of the studies reported to date have focused on establishing IL-24 as a cancer therapeutic by primarily focusing on tumor cell killing. However, the ability of IL-24 treatment on modulating the tumor microenvironment and immune response is underinvestigated. In this article, we summarize the biological and functional properties of IL-24 and the benefits of applying IL-24-based therapy for cancer.
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Yapasert R, Sripanidkulchai B, Teerachaisakul M, Banchuen K, Banjerdpongchai R. Anticancer effects of a traditional Thai herbal recipe Benja Amarit extracts against human hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer cell by targeting apoptosis pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112732. [PMID: 32142865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A preparation of Benja Amarit (BJA) has been effectively used in folk medicine to treat diseases related to the liver and colon and forms of cancer for hundreds of years in Thailand. However, there has not been any research on BJA with regard to its anticancer activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer cells. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to obtain the scientific supports for the traditional usage in anticancer potential of BJA extracts on hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effects were determined using MTT assay. Apoptosis was quantitated by annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Caspases activities were measured by using specific substrates and colorimetric analysis. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and calcium ion levels were measured by specific fluorescence probes and flow cytometry. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model has been used to study the in vivo anticancer activity. The phytochemical identification was performed by GC-MS and LC-MS. RESULTS Notably, 95% (BJA-95) and 50% (BJA-50) ethanolic extract of BJA inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. While, the water extract of BJA (BJA-W) was not found to be toxic to both kinds of cancer cell lines. BJA extract induced both the extrinsic and intrinsic or mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways. Moreover, BJA-95 caused ROS generation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. The extract exhibited the growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells in vivo. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the major active compounds were piperine, xanthotoxol and dihydrogambogic acid. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate anticancer efficiency of BJA extracts on human cancer cells. We consider BJA extract to be a potentially alternative cancer treatment and to be a promising candidate in the future development of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittibet Yapasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Monthaka Teerachaisakul
- Thai Traditional Medicine Research Institute, Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Banchuen
- Thai Traditional Medicine Research Institute, Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, 10100, Thailand
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Liu B, Chen F, Wu Y, Wang X, Feng M, Li Z, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wu L, Liu X, Liang D. Enhanced tumor growth inhibition by mesenchymal stem cells derived from iPSCs with targeted integration of interleukin24 into rDNA loci. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40791-40803. [PMID: 28388559 PMCID: PMC5522332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for clinical applications. In this study, we transformed human iPSCs using a non-viral vector carrying the IL24 transgene pHrn-IL24. PCR and southern blotting confirmed IL24 integration into the rDNA loci in four of 68 iPSC clones. We then differentiated a high expressing IL24-iPSC clone into MSCs (IL24-iMSCs) that showed higher expression of IL24 in culture supernatants and in cell lysates than control iMSCs. IL24-iMSCs efficiently differentiated into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Functionally, IL24-iMSCs induced in vitro apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells more efficiently than control iMSCs when co-cultured in Transwell assays. In vivo tumor xenograft studies in mice demonstrated that IL24-iMSCs inhibited melanoma growth more than control iMSCs did. Immunofluorescence and histochemical analysis showed larger necrotic areas and cell nuclear aggregation in tumors with IL24-iMSCs than control iMSCs, indicating that IL24-iMSCs inhibited tumor growth by inducing apoptosis. These findings demonstrate efficient transformation of iPSCs through gene targeting with non-viral vectors into a rDNA locus. The ability of these genetically modified MSCs to inhibit in vivo melanoma growth is suggestive of the clinical potential of autologous cell therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mai Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaojin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanchi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang L, Wang H. FTY720 inhibits the Nrf2/ARE pathway in human glioblastoma cell lines and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1186-1193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Oliveira KA, Dal-Cim TA, Lopes FG, Nedel CB, Tasca CI. Guanosine promotes cytotoxicity via adenosine receptors and induces apoptosis in temozolomide-treated A172 glioma cells. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:305-318. [PMID: 28536931 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a malignant tumor group whose patients have survival rates around 12 months. Among the treatments are the alkylating agents as temozolomide (TMZ), although gliomas have shown multiple resistance mechanisms for chemotherapy. Guanosine (GUO) is an endogenous nucleoside involved in extracellular signaling that presents neuroprotective effects and also shows the effect of inducing differentiation in cancer cells. The chemotherapy allied to adjuvant drugs are being suggested as a novel approach in gliomas treatment. In this way, this study evaluated whether GUO presented cytotoxic effects on human glioma cells as well as GUO effects in association with a classical chemotherapeutic compound, TMZ. Classical parameters of tumor aggressiveness, as alterations on cell viability, type of cell death, migration, and parameters of glutamatergic transmission, were evaluated. GUO (500 and 1000 μM) decreases the A172 glioma cell viability after 24, 48, or 72 h of treatment. TMZ alone or GUO plus TMZ also reduced glioma cell viability similarly. GUO combined with TMZ showed a potentiation effect of increasing apoptosis in A172 glioma cells, and a similar pattern was observed in reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. GUO per se did not elevate the acidic vesicular organelles occurrence, but TMZ or GUO plus TMZ increased this autophagy hallmark. GUO did not alter glutamate transport per se, but it prevented TMZ-induced glutamate release. GUO or TMZ did not alter glutamine synthetase activity. Pharmacological blockade of glutamate receptors did not change GUO effect on glioma viability. GUO cytotoxicity was partially prevented by adenosine receptor (A1R and A2AR) ligands. These results point to a cytotoxic effect of GUO on A172 glioma cells and suggest an anticancer effect of GUO as a putative adjuvant treatment, whose mechanism needs to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tharine A Dal-Cim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia G Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B Nedel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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8
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De Carli E, Delion M, Rousseau A. [Immunotherapy in brain tumors]. Ann Pathol 2017; 37:117-126. [PMID: 28111040 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas represent the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults and children alike. Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant form of diffuse glioma with a median overall survival of 15 months despite aggressive treatments. New therapeutic approaches are needed to prolong survival in this always fatal disease. The CNS has been considered for a long time as an immune privileged organ, in part because of the existence of the blood-brain barrier. Nonetheless, immunotherapy is a novel approach in the therapeutic management of glioma patients, which has shown promising results in several clinical trials, especially in the adult population. Vaccination, with or without dendritic cells, blockade of the immune checkpoints, and adoptive T cell transfer are the most studied modalities of diffuse glioma immunotherapy. The future most likely resides in combinatorial approaches, with administration of conventional treatments (surgery, radiochemotherapy) and immunotherapy following yet to determine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie De Carli
- Unité hémato-onco-immunologie pédiatrique, fédération de pédiatrie, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Matthieu Delion
- Département de neurochirurgie, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Département de pathologie cellulaire et tissulaire, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France.
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Kamran N, Calinescu A, Candolfi M, Chandran M, Mineharu Y, Asad AS, Koschmann C, Nunez FJ, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Recent advances and future of immunotherapy for glioblastoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1245-64. [PMID: 27411023 PMCID: PMC5014608 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1212012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outcome for glioma (GBM) remains dismal despite advances in therapeutic interventions including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection. The overall survival benefit observed with immunotherapies in cancers such as melanoma and prostate cancer has fuelled research into evaluating immunotherapies for GBM. AREAS COVERED Preclinical studies have brought a wealth of information for improving the prognosis of GBM and multiple clinical studies are evaluating a wide array of immunotherapies for GBM patients. This review highlights advances in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. We discuss the strategies and outcomes of active and passive immunotherapies for GBM including vaccination strategies, gene therapy, check point blockade and adoptive T cell therapies. We also focus on immunoediting and tumor neoantigens that can impact the efficacy of immunotherapies. EXPERT OPINION Encouraging results have been observed with immunotherapeutic strategies; some clinical trials are reaching phase III. Significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic heterogeneity of GBM and its implications to disease prognosis. There is now consensus related to the critical need to incorporate tumor heterogeneity into the design of therapeutic approaches. Recent data also indicates that an efficacious treatment strategy will need to be combinatorial and personalized to the tumor genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kamran
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Alexandra Calinescu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mayuri Chandran
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Yohei Mineharu
- d Department of Neurosurgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Antonela S Asad
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Carl Koschmann
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Felipe J Nunez
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Chiu HW, Yeh YL, Wang YC, Huang WJ, Ho SY, Lin P, Wang YJ. Combination of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor YCW1 and radiation induces autophagic cell death through the downregulation of BNIP3 in triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in an orthotopic mouse model. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:46. [PMID: 27286975 PMCID: PMC4902929 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and invasive of the breast cancer subtypes. TNBC is a challenging disease that lacks targets for treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a group of targeted anticancer agents that enhance radiosensitivity. Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a member of the Bcl-2 subfamily. BNIP3 is not found in normal breast tissue but is up-regulated in breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of a newly developed HDACi, YCW1, combined with ionizing radiation (IR) in TNBC in vitro and in an orthotopic mouse model. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between autophagy and BNIP3. Methods Trypan blue exclusion was used to investigate the viability of 4 T1 (a mouse TNBC cell line) and MDA-MB-231 cells (a human TNBC cell line) following combined YCW1 and IR treatment. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis and autophagy. The expression levels of BNIP3, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and autophagic-related proteins were measured using western blot analysis. An orthotopic mouse model was used to investigate the in vivo effects of YCW1 and IR alone and in combination. Tumor volumes were monitored using a bioluminescence-based IVIS Imaging System 200. Results We found that YCW1 significantly enhanced toxicity in 4 T1 cells compared with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), which was the first HDACi approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in cancer patients. The combined treatment of YCW1 and IR enhanced cytotoxicity by inducing ER stress and increasing autophagy induction. Additionally, the combined treatment caused autophagic flux and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, the expression level of BNIP3 was significantly decreased in cells following combined treatment. The downregulation of BNIP3 led to a significant increase in autophagy and cytotoxicity. The combined anti-tumor effects of YCW1 and IR were also observed in an orthotopic mouse model; combination therapy resulted in a significant increase in autophagy and decreased tumor tissue expression of BNIP3 in the tumor tissue. Conclusions These data support the possibility of using a combination of HDACi and IR in the treatment of TNBC. Moreover, BNIP3 may be a potential target protein for TNBC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0531-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan, 704
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yow Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan, 704. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Stratmann HG. Stem Cells and Organ Transplantation: Resetting Our Biological Clocks. SCIENCE AND FICTION 2016. [PMCID: PMC7124065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16015-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body has only a limited ability to repair itself. Illness, injury, and aging can overwhelm its built-in capability to replace dysfunctional, damaged, or destroyed tissues. We can at best only partly regenerate our organs and cannot grow back a whole limb.
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Das SK, Menezes ME, Bhatia S, Wang XY, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Gene Therapies for Cancer: Strategies, Challenges and Successes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:259-71. [PMID: 25196387 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, which involves replacement of a defective gene with a functional, healthy copy of that gene, is a potentially beneficial cancer treatment approach particularly over chemotherapy, which often lacks selectivity and can cause non-specific toxicity. Despite significant progress pre-clinically with respect to both enhanced targeting and expression in a tumor-selective manner several hurdles still prevent success in the clinic, including non-specific expression, low-efficiency delivery and biosafety. Various innovative genetic approaches are under development to reconstruct vectors/transgenes to make them safer and more effective. Utilizing cutting-edge delivery technologies, gene expression can now be targeted in a tissue- and organ-specific manner. With these advances, gene therapy is poised to become amenable for routine cancer therapy with potential to elevate this methodology as a first line therapy for neoplastic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in gene therapy and their impact on a pre-clinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mitchell E Menezes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Talibi SS, Talibi SS, Aweid B, Aweid O. Prospective therapies for high-grade glial tumours: A literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2014; 3:55-9. [PMID: 25568787 PMCID: PMC4284454 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After three decades of intensive research, cytoreductive surgery remains the gold standard of treatment of malignant gliomas. Survivorship at both 1-year and 5-years has not drastically changed in the UK. Concomitant chemo- and radiotherapy has enhanced the efficiency of surgery, enabling more aggressive tumour resection whilst also preserving the surrounding healthy brain parenchyma. More accurate imaging techniques have also played a role in tumour identification, key to this has been pre- and intra-operative contrast enhancement and compounds that have a high affinity in binding to glioma cells. Intra-operative imaging has heralded the ability to give the operating surgeon continuous feedback to assess the completeness of resection. Research is shifting into investigating the complex cellular and molecular glial tumour-genesis, and has led to the development of efficacious chemotherapy agents and trial novel therapies. Oncolytic virotherapy has shown promise in clinical trials and gene therapy in-vitro studies. Surgery however remains the primary therapeutic option for the management of malignant gliomas removing the mass of proliferating malignant tumour cells and decompression of the space-occupying lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Samed Talibi
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Osama Aweid
- West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, Trauma and Orthopaedics ST3, United Kingdom
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14
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Stem cells and gliomas: past, present, and future. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:547-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Mormone E, D'Sousa S, Alexeeva V, Bederson MM, Germano IM. "Footprint-free" human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes for in vivo cell-based therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2626-36. [PMID: 24914471 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from somatic cells has enabled the possibility to provide patient-specific hiPSC for cell-based therapy, drug discovery, and other translational applications. Two major obstacles in using hiPSC for clinical application reside in the risk of genomic modification when they are derived with viral transgenes and risk of teratoma formation if undifferentiated cells are engrafted. In this study, we report the generation of "footprint-free" hiPSC-derived astrocytes. These are efficiently generated, have anatomical and physiological characteristics of fully differentiated astrocytes, maintain homing characteristics typical of stem cells, and do not give rise to teratomas when engrafted in the brain. Astrocytes can be obtained in sufficient numbers, aliquoted, frozen, thawed, and used when needed. Our results show the feasibility of differentiating astrocytes from "footprint-free" iPSC. These are suitable for clinical cell-based therapies as they can be induced from patients' specific cells, do not require viral vectors, and are fully differentiated. "Footprint-free" hiPSC-derived astrocytes represent a new potential source for therapeutic use for cell-based therapy, including treatment of high-grade human gliomas, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mormone
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
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16
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ZHANG LI, WANG HANDONG, CONG ZIXIANG, XU JIANGUO, ZHU JIANHONG, JI XIANGJUN, DING KE. Wogonoside induces autophagy-related apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1179-87. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Kwiatkowska A, Nandhu MS, Behera P, Chiocca EA, Viapiano MS. Strategies in gene therapy for glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1271-305. [PMID: 24202446 PMCID: PMC3875940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, with a dismal prognosis and extremely low percentage of survivors. Novel therapies are in dire need to improve the clinical management of these tumors and extend patient survival. Genetic therapies for GBM have been postulated and attempted for the past twenty years, with variable degrees of success in pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Here we review the most common approaches to treat GBM by gene therapy, including strategies to deliver tumor-suppressor genes, suicide genes, immunomodulatory cytokines to improve immune response, and conditionally-replicating oncolytic viruses. The review focuses on the strategies used for gene delivery, including the most common and widely used vehicles (i.e., replicating and non-replicating viruses) as well as novel therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-mediated therapy and nanotechnologies used for gene delivery. We present an overview of these strategies, their targets, different advantages, and challenges for success. Finally, we discuss the potential of gene therapy-based strategies to effectively attack such a complex genetic target as GBM, alone or in combination with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kwiatkowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Current status of gene therapy for brain tumors. Transl Res 2013; 161:339-54. [PMID: 23246627 PMCID: PMC3733107 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest primary brain tumor in adults, with current treatments having limited impact on disease progression. Therefore the development of alternative treatment options is greatly needed. Gene therapy is a treatment strategy that relies on the delivery of genetic material, usually transgenes or viruses, into cells for therapeutic purposes, and has been applied to GBM with increasing promise. We have included selectively replication-competent oncolytic viruses within this strategy, although the virus acts directly as a complex biologic anti-tumor agent rather than as a classic gene delivery vehicle. GBM is a good candidate for gene therapy because tumors remain locally within the brain and only rarely metastasize to other tissues; the majority of cells in the brain are post-mitotic, which allows for specific targeting of dividing tumor cells; and tumors can often be accessed neurosurgically for administration of therapy. Delivery vehicles used for brain tumors include nonreplicating viral vectors, normal adult stem/progenitor cells, and oncolytic viruses. The therapeutic transgenes or viruses are typically cytotoxic or express prodrug activating suicide genes to kill glioma cells, immunostimulatory to induce or amplify anti-tumor immune responses, and/or modify the tumor microenvironment such as blocking angiogenesis. This review describes current preclinical and clinical gene therapy strategies for the treatment of glioma.
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19
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Tobias A, Ahmed A, Moon KS, Lesniak MS. The art of gene therapy for glioma: a review of the challenging road to the bedside. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:213-22. [PMID: 22993449 PMCID: PMC3543505 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain tumour that is unvaryingly fatal in humans despite even aggressive therapeutic approaches such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unconventional treatment options such as gene therapy provide an intriguing option for curbing glioma related deaths. To date, gene therapy has yielded encouraging results in preclinical animal models as well as promising safety profiles in phase I clinical trials, but has failed to demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in phase III clinical trials. The most widely studied antiglioma gene therapy strategies are suicide gene therapy, genetic immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy, and we have attributed the challenging transition of these modalities into the clinic to four major roadblocks: (1) anatomical features of the central nervous system, (2) the host immune system, (3) heterogeneity and invasiveness of GBM and (4) limitations in current GBM animal models. In this review, we discuss possible ways to jump these hurdles and develop new gene therapies that may be used alone or in synergy with other modalities to provide a powerful treatment option for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tobias
- Brain Tumour Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, MC 3026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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20
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Palumbo S, Comincini S. Autophagy and ionizing radiation in tumors: the "survive or not survive" dilemma. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:1-8. [PMID: 22585676 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a so-called "self-eating" system responsible for degrading long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles, whose products are recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis. This ability makes autophagy a good candidate for a survival mechanism in response to several stresses, including the tumor cell transformation. In particular, recent studies suggested that autophagy functions as a pro-death mechanism within different tumor contexts. It is, however, widely reported that autophagy represents both a survival mechanism or contributes directly to cell death fate. This interplay of the autophagy functions has been observed in many types of cancers and, in some cases, autophagy has been demonstrated to both promote and inhibit antitumor drug resistance. From a therapeutical point of view, the effects of the modulation of the tumor cell autophagic status, in response to ionizing radiations, are presently of particular relevance in oncology. Accordingly, this review also provides a perspective view on future works for exploring the modulation of autophagic indices in tumor cells as a novel molecular-based adjuvant strategy, in order to improve radiotherapy and chemotherapy effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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21
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Whitaker EL, Filippov VA, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Interleukin 24: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of an anti-cancer gene. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:323-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Zhou Y, Wang HD, Zhu L, Cong ZX, Li N, Ji XJ, Pan H, Wang JW, Li WC. Knockdown of Nrf2 enhances autophagy induced by temozolomide in U251 human glioma cell line. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:394-400. [PMID: 23128449 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and oxidative stress are closely linked. Oxidative stress affects many signaling pathways and may cause the induction of autophagy. The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling pathway is the main pathway responsible for cell defense against oxidative stress and Nrf2 is a critical transcription factor related with cancer multidrug resistance. However, the relation between Nrf2 and regulation of autophagy is not well understood. In this study, we used temozolomide (TMZ), which inhibited the viability of GBM cells mainly by inducing autophagic cell death and explored the role of Nrf2 downregulation on autophagy induced by TMZ in GBM cells. In U251-Si-Nrf2 48 h after transfection the protein levels of Nrf2 were significantly downregulated, while the protein levels of LC3B-II increased by western blot analysis. Knockdown of Nrf2 also led to a significant increase of autophagic vacuoles and acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), revealed by trans-mission electron microscopy (TEM) and acridine orange (AO) staining using flow cytometry. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that knockdown of Nrf2 can enhance the basal level of autophagy in the U251 glioma cell line. Furthermore, after the treatment with TMZ (100 µM) for 3 days, the U251-Si-Nrf2 transfected cells showed less viability rate by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and the levels of autophagy increased obviously through analysis of western blot and AO staining using flow cytometry. Taken together, our results suggest that knockdown of Nrf2 may enhance autophagy induced by TMZ in the U251 glioma cell line, which should be further evaluated for novel anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China
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23
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Hiss DC, Fielding BC. Optimization and preclinical design of genetically engineered viruses for human oncolytic therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1427-47. [PMID: 22788715 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.707183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic viruses (OVs) occupy a strategic niche in the dynamic era of biological and gene therapy of human cancers. However, the use of OVs is the subject of close scrutiny due to impediments such as the insufficiency of patient generalizations posed by heterogeneous tumor responses to treatment, inherent or potentially lethal viral pathogenicities, unanticipated host- or immune-related adverse effects, and the emergence of virus-resistant cancer cells. These challenges can be overcome by the design and development of more definitive (optimized, targeted, and individualized) cancer virotherapeutics. AREAS COVERED The translation of current knowledge and recent innovations into rational treatment prospects hinges on an iterative loop of variables pertaining to genetically engineered viral oncolytic efficacy and safety profiles, mechanism-of-action data, potencies of synergistic oncolytic viral combinations with conventional tumor, immuno-, chemo-, and radiation treatment modalities, optimization of the probabilities of treatment successes in heterogeneous (virus-sensitive and -resistant) tumor cell populations by mathematical modeling, and lessons learned from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that proof-of-principle is critical for the preclinical optimization of oncolytic viruses to target heterogeneous forms of cancer and to prioritize current concerns related to the efficacy and safety of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donavon C Hiss
- University of the Western Cape, Department of Medical Biosciences, Molecular Oncology Research Laboratory, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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24
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A first-generation multi-functional cytokine for simultaneous optical tracking and tumor therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40234. [PMID: 22808125 PMCID: PMC3394792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating new molecules that simultaneously enhance tumor cell killing and permit diagnostic tracking is vital to overcoming the limitations rendering current therapeutic regimens for terminal cancers ineffective. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of an innovative new multi-functional targeted anti-cancer molecule, SM7L, using models of the lethal brain tumor Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Designed using predictive computer modeling, SM7L incorporates the therapeutic activity of the promising anti-tumor cytokine MDA-7/IL-24, an enhanced secretory domain, and diagnostic domain for non-invasive tracking. In vitro assays revealed the diagnostic domain of SM7L produced robust photon emission, while the therapeutic domain showed marked anti-tumor efficacy and significant modulation of p38MAPK and ERK pathways. In vivo, the unique multi-functional nature of SM7L allowed simultaneous real-time monitoring of both SM7L delivery and anti-tumor efficacy. Utilizing engineered stem cells as novel delivery vehicles for SM7L therapy (SC-SM7L), we demonstrate that SC-SM7L significantly improved pharmacokinetics and attenuated progression of established peripheral and intracranial human GBM xenografts. Furthermore, SC-SM7L anti-tumor efficacy was augmented in vitro and in vivo by concurrent activation of caspase-mediated apoptosis induced by adjuvant SC-mediated S-TRAIL delivery. Collectively, these studies define a promising new approach to treating highly aggressive cancers, including GBM, using the optimized therapeutic molecule SM7L.
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25
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Khoshnevisan A. An overview of therapeutic approaches to brain tumor stem cells. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2012; 26:31-40. [PMID: 23483074 PMCID: PMC3587894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors are devastating invasive tumors able to give rise to many kinds of differentiated tumor cells. Glioblastoma multiform (GBM), is the most malignant brain tumor, in which its growth and persistence depend on cancer stem cells with enhanced DNA damage repair program that also induces recurrence and resists current chemo- and radiotherapies. Unlike non-tumor stem cells, tumor stem cells lack the normal mechanisms that regulate proliferation and differentiation, resulting in uncontrolled production and incomplete differentiation of tumor cells. In current paper recent developments and new researches in the field of brain tumor stem cells have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khoshnevisan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Binello E, Germano IM. Stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for the treatment of high-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2011; 14:256-65. [PMID: 22166262 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have generated great interest in the past decade as potential tools for cell-based treatment of human high-grade gliomas. Thus far, 3 types of stem cells have been tested as vehicles for various therapeutic agents: embryonic, neural, and mesenchymal. The types of therapeutic approaches and/or agents examined in the context of stem cell-based delivery include cytokines, enzyme/prodrug suicide combinations, viral particles, matrix metalloproteinases, and antibodies. Each strategy has specific advantages and disadvantages. Irrespective of the source and/or type of stem cell, there are several areas of concern for their translation to the clinical setting, such as migration in the adult human brain, potential teratogenesis, immune rejection, and regulatory and ethical issues. Nonetheless, a clinical trial is under way using neural stem cell-based delivery of an enzyme/prodrug suicide combination for recurrent high-grade glioma. A proposed future direction could encompass the use of stem cells as vehicles for delivery of agents targeting glioma stem cells, which have been implicated in the resistance of high-grade glioma to treatment. Overall, stem cells are providing an unprecedented opportunity for cell-based approaches in the treatment of high-grade gliomas, which have a persistently dismal prognosis and mandate a continued search for therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Binello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1136, New York, NY 10029, USA
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27
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Emdad L, D'Souza SL, Kothari HP, Qadeer ZA, Germano IM. Efficient differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells into functional astrocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:404-10. [PMID: 21631388 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human high-grade gliomas (hHGG) remain a therapeutic challenge in neuro-oncology despite current multimodality treatments. We recently demonstrated that murine embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived astrocytes conditionally expressing proapoptotic genes can successfully be used to induce apoptosis and tumor shrinkage of hHGG tumor in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model. The first step in the translation of these results to the clinical settings, however, requires availability of human embryonic stem cells (hESC)- and/or induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes engineered to express proapoptotic genes. The potential for directed differentiation of hESCs and hiPSCs to functional postmitotic astrocytes is not fully characterized. In this study, we show that once specified to neuro-epithelial lineage, hiPSC could be differentiated to astrocytes with a similar efficiency as hESC. However, our analyses of 2 hESC and 2 hiPSC cell lines showed some variability in differentiation potential into astrocytic lineages. Both the hESC- and hiPSC-derived astrocytes appeared to follow the functional properties of mESC-derived astrocytes, namely, migration and tropism for hHGG. This work provides evidence that hESC- and hiPSC-derived cells are able to generate functionally active astrocytes. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using iPSC-derived astrocytes, a new potential source for therapeutic use for brain tumors and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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28
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Dent P, Yacoub A, Hamed HA, Park MA, Dash R, Bhutia SK, Sarkar D, Wang XY, Gupta P, Emdad L, Lebedeva IV, Sauane M, Su ZZ, Rahmani M, Broaddus WC, Young HF, Lesniak MS, Grant S, Curiel DT, Fisher PB. The development of MDA-7/IL-24 as a cancer therapeutic. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:375-84. [PMID: 20732354 PMCID: PMC2947573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine melanoma differentiation associated gene 7 (mda-7) was identified by subtractive hybridization as a protein whose expression increased during the induction of terminal differentiation, and that was either not expressed or was present at low levels in tumor cells compared to non-transformed cells. Based on conserved structure, chromosomal location and cytokine-like properties, MDA-7, was classified as a member of the interleukin (IL)-10 gene family and designated as MDA-7/IL-24. Multiple studies have demonstrated that expression of MDA-7/IL-24 in a wide variety of tumor cell types, but not in corresponding equivalent non-transformed cells, causes their growth arrest and rapid cell death. In addition, MDA-7/IL-24 has been noted to radiosensitize tumor cells which in part is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ceramide that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppress protein translation. Phase I clinical trial data has shown that a recombinant adenovirus expressing MDA-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7 (INGN-241)) was safe and had measurable tumoricidal effects in over 40% of patients, strongly arguing that MDA-7/IL-24 could have significant therapeutic value. This review describes what is presently known about the impact of MDA-7/IL-24 on tumor cell biology and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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