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He E, Sui H, Wang H, Zhao X, Guo W, Dai Z, Wu Z, Huang K, Zhao Q. Interleukin-19 in Bone Marrow Contributes to Bone Loss Via Suppressing Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of BMSCs in Old Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10709-3. [PMID: 38502291 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is an important process related to the pathogenic mechanism of different disorders, especially bone loss. During senescence, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) lose their self-renewal and functional differentiation abilities. Therefore, finding signals opposing the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs within bone marrow microenvironment is the important for elucidating these above-mentioned mechanisms. Inflammatory cytokines affect bone physiology and remodeling. However, the function of interleukin-19 (IL-19) in skeletal system remains unclear. METHODS The mouse model of IL-19 knockout was established through embryonic stem cell injection for analyzing how IL-19 affected bone formation. Micro-CT examinations were performed to evaluate bone microstructures. We performed a three-point bending test to measure bone stiffness and the ultimate force. Antibody arrays were performed to detect interleukin family members in bone marrow aspirates. BMSCs were cultured and induced for osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS According to our findings, there was increased IL-19 accumulation within bone marrow in old mice relative to that in their young counterparts, resulting in bone loss via the inhibition of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Among Wnt/β-catenin pathway members, IL-19 strongly upregulated sFRP1 via STAT3 phosphorylation. The inhibition of STAT3 and sFRP1 abolished IL-19's inhibition against the BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION To sum up, IL-19 inhibited BMSCs osteogenic differentiation in old mice. Our findings shed novel lights on pathogenic mechanism underlying age-related bone loss and laid a foundation for further research on identifying novel targets to treat senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Sui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkai Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Toskas A, Milias S, Papamitsou T, Meditskou S, Kamperidis N, Sioga A. The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024:S1687-1979(24)00002-9. [PMID: 38395629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied. Members of the IL-20 family, mainly IL-19 and IL-24, are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, but their exact role remains unclear. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD. IL-21 is involved in the Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Data support a promising future use of these interleukins as biomarkers of severe diseases and as potential therapeutic targets for novel monoclonal antibodies. This review aims to summarize the existing studies involving animal models of colitis and patients with IBD to clarify their role in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Toskas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; St Marks Hospital, Watford Rd, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefanos Milias
- Private Histopathology Laboratory, Ploutonos 27, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Huang Z, Li X, Li Y, Huang W, Lai X, Wu H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chang L, Zhang G. Interleukin-19 enhances eosinophil infiltration through upregulation of epithelium-derived RANTES expression via the ERK/NF-κB signalling pathway in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01851-2. [PMID: 38393344 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD The recurrence rate of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is positively correlated with eosinophil infiltration. Increased interleukin (IL)-19 and eosinophil chemokine RANTES levels have been reported in patients with CRSwNP. This study aimed to clarify the role of IL-19 in mediating RANTES expression and eosinophilic infiltration in eosinophilic CRSwNP (Eos CRSwNP). METHODS Nasal tissue samples were obtained from patients with CRSwNP and controls. The expression of IL-19, its receptors, ECP, and RANTES in tissues was investigated. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and nasal polyp tissue blocks were cultured, then stimulated by IL-19; ERK phosphorylation, NF-κB pathway activation, RANTES level, eosinophils migration and infiltration were detected using RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blotting, HE, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and transwell migration assay. RESULTS The expression of IL-19 and its receptors (IL-20R1/IL-20R2), eosinophil cationic protein, and RANTES in nasal tissues from patients with Eos CRSwNP was significantly increased compared to that in non-Eos CRSwNP and control subjects. IL-19 co-localized with RANTES in nasal tissues and significantly elevated RANTES expression in HNECs. IL-19-blocking antibody and siRNA knockdown of IL-20R1 ameliorated the effect of IL-19 on RANTES secretion in HNECs. Moreover, IL-19-induced RANTES upregulation was associated with the activation of the ERK and NF-κB pathways. NF-κB activation was mediated by the ERK pathway in IL-19-treated HNECs, and IL-19 enhanced eosinophil infiltration in nasal polyp tissue blocks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that IL-19 promotes RANTES expression via the ERK/NF-κB pathway in HNECs and is implicated in eosinophil infiltration in patients with Eos CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ono N, Horikoshi J, Izawa T, Nishiyama K, Tanaka M, Fujita T, Kuwamura M, Azuma YT. Functional role of IL-19 in a mouse model of L-arginine-induced pancreatitis and related lung injury. Exp Anim 2023:23-0094. [PMID: 38057085 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-19 is a member of IL-10 family and is mainly produced by macrophages. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acinar cell injury and necrosis. In the present study, the role of IL-19 in AP and AP-associated lung injury in mice was explored using L-arginine-induced pancreatitis. Experimental pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine in wild-type (WT) and IL-19 gene deficient (IL-19 KO) mice. In L-arginine treated mice, the serum amylase level was significantly increased in IL-19 KO mice, and interstitial edema, analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, was aggravated mildly in IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. Compared to WT mice treated with L-arginine, mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was significantly upregulated in IL-19 KO mice treated with L-arginine. In WT mice, IL-19 mRNA was equally expressed in the pancreas of both control and L-arginine treated mice. The condition of lung alveoli in WT and IL-19 KO mice treated with L-arginine was then evaluated. In mice with L-arginine-induced pancreatitis, alveolar area was remarkedly decreased, and expression of lung myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. In the lungs, mRNA expressions of IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly increased in IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. In summary, IL-19 was proposed to alleviate L-arginine-induced pancreatitis by regulating TNF-α production and to protect against AP-related lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshige Ono
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Joji Horikoshi
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
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5
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Hsu YH, Chen CN, Chang HI, Tsai HL, Chang YH, Cheng IS, Yang YS, Huang KY. Manipulation of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human degenerative disc and ligamentum flavum derived progenitor cells using IL-1β, IL-19, and IL-20. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:3413-3424. [PMID: 37563485 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate whether pro-inflammatory cytokines might influence the commitment of intervertebral disc (IVD)- and ligamentum flavum (LF)-derived progenitor cells toward either osteogenesis or adipogenesis, specifically Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-19, and IL-20. METHODS Sixty patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and lumbar or lumbosacral spinal stenosis were included in the study. Injuries to the spine, infections, and benign or malignant tumors were excluded. From nine patient samples, IVD- and LF-derived cells were isolated after primary culture, and two clinical samples were excluded due to mycoplasma infection. The effects of IL-1β, IL-19, as well as IL-20 in regulating osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro were investigated. RESULTS Primary IVD- and LF-derived cells were found to have a similar cell morphology and profile of surface markers (CD44, CD90, and CD105) as placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Primary IVD/LF cells have a high capacity to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes. IL-19 had a tendency to promote adipogenesis. IL-20 inhibited osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis; IL-1β promoted osteogenesis but inhibited adipogenesis. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-19, and IL-20 impact the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of IVD-derived and LF-derived cells. Modulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-19, and IL-20 provides a potential avenue for controlling cell differentiation of IVD- and LF-derived cells, which might have beneficial effect for degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Szu Cheng
- College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiuan Yang
- Education Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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6
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Ono N, Fujita T, Miki M, Nishiyama K, Izawa T, Aoyama T, Kuwamura M, Fujii H, Azuma YT. Interleukin-19 Gene-Deficient Mice Promote Liver Fibrosis via Enhanced TGF-β Signaling, and the Interleukin-19-CCL2 Axis Is Important in the Direction of Liver Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2064. [PMID: 37509702 PMCID: PMC10377488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-19 is a cytokine discovered by homologous searching with IL-10 and is produced by non-immune cells, such as keratinocytes, in addition to immune cells, such as macrophages. Liver fibrosis results from the inflammation and activation of hepatic stellate cells via chronic liver injury. However, the participation of IL-19 in liver fibrosis remains to be sufficiently elucidated. Our group studied the immunological function of IL-19 in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. IL-19 gene-deficient (KO) mice and body weight-matched wild-type (WT) mice were used. A liver fibrosis mouse model was created via CCl4 administration (two times per week) for 8 weeks. In CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, serum analysis revealed that IL-19 KO mice had higher ALT levels compared to WT mice. IL-19 KO mice had worse fibrosis, as assessed by morphological evaluation of total area stained positive with Azan and Masson trichrome. In addition, the expression of α-SMA was increased in liver tissues of IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of TGF-β and α-SMA were enhanced in IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. In vitro assays revealed that IL-19-high expressing RAW264.7 cells inhibited the migration of NIH3T3 cells via the inhibited expression of CCL2 in the presence of CCl4 and IL-4. These findings indicate that IL-19 plays a critical role in liver fibrosis by affecting TGF-β signaling and the migration of hepatic stellate cells during liver injury. Enhancement of the IL-19 signaling pathway is a potential treatment for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshige Ono
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mariko Miki
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Dumycz K, Kunkiel K, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Józefczuk P, Adamiec A, Kulus M, Feleszko W. Interleukin-19 is associated with severity and age-related phenotype of atopic dermatitis in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:109-112. [PMID: 36161738 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dumycz
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kunkiel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Józefczuk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kulus
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Bao H, Li X, Lai X, Chen X, Li Y, Yao Z, Huang Z, Huang J, Chang L, Zhang G. Interleukin-19 upregulates fibronectin and collagen I expression via the NF-κB-Smad2/3 pathway in fibroblasts of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:43-55. [PMID: 36316415 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue remodeling is a prominent characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Excess deposition of fibronectin (FN) and collagen (Col) I by fibroblasts is crucial for the pathologic tissue remodeling in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Increased interleukin (IL)-19 level in patients with CRS had been demonstrated in our previous studies. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of IL-19 in mediating FN and Col I expression in CRS. METHODS Nasal mucosal tissue samples were collected from patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRSsNP, and controls. The expression of IL-19, vimentin, FN, and Col I were detected using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Primary human nasal fibroblasts were treated with IL-19, then the activation of Smad2/3, NF-κB and relevant pathways, and the expression of FN and Col I were measured. RESULTS Expression levels of vimentin, FN, and Col I were significantly increased in nasal tissues from patients with CRSsNP compared with CRSwNP and control subjects. Moreover, IL-19 co-localized with FN and Col Ι in nasal tissues. IL-19-treated fibroblasts had increased production of FN and Col I, which was associated with the activated Smad2/3 and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, Smad2/3 activation was mediated by the NF-κB pathway in IL-19-treated fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS IL-19 promotes FN and Col I production via the activated NF-κB-Smad2/3 pathway in fibroblasts, leading to fibrosis and collagen deposition in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouzhou Yao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Goel S, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Hafezi S, Al Heialy S, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Mahboub B, Salameh L, Abdelrazig M, Elzain EI, Al-Muhsen S, Al-Hajjaj MS, Ratemi E, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Asthma Associated Cytokines Regulate the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 in the Lung Tissue of Asthmatic Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796094. [PMID: 35111161 PMCID: PMC8801531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still controversial whether chronic lung inflammation increases the risk for COVID-19. One of the risk factors for acquiring COVID-19 is the level of expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in lung tissue. It is, however, not clear how lung tissue inflammation affects expression levels of these receptors. We hence aimed to determine the level of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in lung tissue of asthmatic relative to age, gender, and asthma severity, and to investigate the factors regulating that. Therefore, gene expression data sets of well-known asthmatic cohorts (SARP and U-BIOPRED) were used to evaluate the association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with age, gender of the asthmatic patients, and also the type of the underlying lung tissue inflammatory cytokines. Notably, ACE2 and to less extent TMPRSS2 expression were upregulated in the lung tissue of asthmatics compared to healthy controls. Although a differential expression of ACE2, but not TMPRSS2 was observed relative to age within the moderate and severe asthma groups, our data suggest that age may not be a key regulatory factor of its expression. The type of tissue inflammation, however, associated significantly with ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels following adjusting with age, gender and oral corticosteroids use of the patient. Type I cytokine (IFN-γ), IL-8, and IL-19 were associated with increased expression, while Type II cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) with lower expression of ACE2 in lung tissue (airway epithelium and/or lung biopsies) of moderate and severe asthmatic patients. Of note, IL-19 was associated with ACE2 expression while IL-17 was associated with TMPRSS2 expression in sputum of asthmatic subjects. In vitro treatment of bronchial fibroblasts with IL-17 and IL-19 cytokines confirmed the regulatory effect of these cytokines on SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors. Our results suggest that the type of inflammation may regulate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the lung tissue of asthmatics and may hence affect susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swati Goel
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Salameh
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawada Abdelrazig
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Al-Hajjaj
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elaref Ratemi
- Jubail-Industrial College, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail-Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Chair, department of pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Azuma YT, Fujita T, Izawa T, Hirota K, Nishiyama K, Ikegami A, Aoyama T, Ike M, Ushikai Y, Kuwamura M, Fujii H, Tsuneyama K. IL-19 Contributes to the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Altering Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:3513. [PMID: 34944021 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-19, a member of the IL-10 family, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by macrophages. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease that has progressed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. We evaluated the functions of IL-19 in a NAFLD/NASH mouse model using a 60% high fat diet with 0.1% methionine, without choline, and with 2% cholesterol (CDAHFD). Wild-type (WT) and IL-19 gene-deficient (KO) mice were fed a CDAHFD or standard diet for 9 weeks. Liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by CDAHFD were significantly worse in IL-19 KO mice than in WT mice. IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β were significantly higher in IL-19 KO mice than in WT mice. As a mechanism using an in vitro experiment, palmitate-induced triglyceride and cholesterol contents were decreased by the addition of IL-19 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, addition of IL-19 decreased the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes and increased ATP content in HepG2 cells. The action of IL-19 in vitro suppressed lipid metabolism. In conclusion, IL-19 may play an important role in the development of steatosis and fibrosis by directly regulating liver metabolism and may be a potential target for the treatment of liver diseases.
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11
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Chen W, Xing J, Liu X, Wang S, Xing D. The role and transformative potential of IL-19 in atherosclerosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:70-82. [PMID: 34600839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditionally, IL-19 was thought to be expressed in only immune cells, but studies revealed that IL-19 is also expressed in multiple atherosclerotic plaque cell types, but not normal arteries, in humans and mice. IL-19 reduces the development of atherosclerosis via multiple mechanisms, including balancing cholesterol metabolism; enhancing Th2 immune cell polarization; reducing the inflammatory response; and reducing the proliferation, migration and chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Clinical and/or animal studies have primarily aimed to achieve regression and/or stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, with regression in particular indicating a very good drug response. Most antiatherosclerotic drugs in current clinical use, including atorvastatin and alirocumab, target hyperlipidemia. Several other drugs have also been investigated in clinical trials as anti-inflammatory agents; the development of some of these agents has been terminated (canakinumab, darapladib, varespladib, losmapimod, atreleuton, setileuton, PF-04191834, veliflapon, and methotrexate), but others remain in development (ziltivekimab, tocilizumab, Somalix, IFM-2427, anakinra, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), colchicine, everolimus, allopurinol, and montelukast). Most of the tested drugs have shown a limited ability to reverse atherosclerosis in animal studies. Interestingly, recombinant IL-19 (rIL-19) was shown to reduce atherosclerosis development in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A low dose of rIL-19 (1 ng/g/day) reduced aortic arch and root plaque areas by 70.1% and 32.1%, respectively, in LDLR-/- mice. At 10 ng/g/day, rIL-19 completely eliminated atherosclerotic plaques. There were no sex differences in the effects of rIL-19 on atherosclerotic mice. Thus, low-dose rIL-19 is an effective antiatherosclerotic agent, in addition to its efficacy in intimal hyperplasia, spinal cord injury, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. We propose that IL-19 is a promising biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. This review considers the role and mechanism of action of IL-19 in atherosclerosis and discusses whether IL-19 is a potential therapeutic target for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jiyao Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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12
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Li X, Huang J, Chen X, Lai X, Huang Z, Li Y, Li S, Chang L, Zhang G. IL-19 induced by IL-13/IL-17A in the nasal epithelium of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis upregulates MMP-9 expression via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12003. [PMID: 33900049 PMCID: PMC8099262 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue remodeling is a crucial characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is crucial for the pathologic tissue remodeling in CRS. Elevation of interleukin (IL)‐19 or MMP‐9 levels in patients with CRS had been proven in previous studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL‐19 in mediating MMP‐9 expression in CRS. Methods Nasal tissue samples were collected from 45 individuals having chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 24 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 17 controls. Expression of IL‐19, its receptors (IL‐20R1/IL‐20R2), and MMP‐9 were investigated using RT‐qPCR and Immunofluorescence (IF). Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were stimulated by IL‐19; ERK phosphorylation, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway activation, and MMP‐9 level were detected by RT‐qPCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and IF. We also explored the effect of type1/2/3 cytokines on IL‐19 production by RT‐qPCR, and western blot. Results Expression levels of IL‐19, its receptors (IL‐20R1/IL‐20R2), and MMP‐9 were increased in nasal tissues from individuals with CRSwNP compared to those with CRSsNP as well as the controls. IL‐19 significantly elevated the production of MMP‐9 in HNECs. Furthermore, IL‐19 could activate the ERK and NF‐κB pathways, accompanied by increased MMP‐9 production in HNECs. Conversely, both ERK and NF‐κB inhibitors significantly attenuated the role of IL‐19 in MMP‐9 production. siRNA knockdown of IL‐20R1 suppressed ERK and NF‐κB pathway activation, thereby decreasing MMP‐9 expression. IL‐13 and IL‐17A were found to stimulate IL‐19 production in HNECs. Conclusion IL‐19, promoted by IL‐13 and IL‐17A, contributes to the upregulation of secretion of the tissue remodeling factor MMP‐9 in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaixiang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Ramesh R, Ahmed R, Munshi A. Interleukin (IL)-24: Reconfiguring the Tumor Microenvironment for Eliciting Antitumor Response. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1290:99-110. [PMID: 33559858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. Due to its unique ability to function as both a tumor suppressor and cytokine, IL-24-based cancer therapy has been developed for treating a broad spectrum of human cancers. Majority of the studies reported to date have focused on establishing IL-24 as a cancer therapeutic by primarily focusing on tumor cell killing. However, the ability of IL-24 treatment on modulating the tumor microenvironment and immune response is underinvestigated. In this article, we summarize the biological and functional properties of IL-24 and the benefits of applying IL-24-based therapy for cancer.
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14
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Sangsefidi S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Komaki A, Mazdeh M, Taheri M, Eftekharian MM. High Levels of Il-19 in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1997-2000. [PMID: 32472395 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated neuropathies include some specific types such as acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP and CIDP). Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal cellular or humoral immune responses in these conditions. Although aberrant regulation of several cytokines have been reported in AIDP and CIDP, the significance of interleukin 19 (IL-19) in these conditions have not been elucidated yet. In the current study, we assessed serum levels of IL-19 in 12 CIDP patients (female/male ratio, 4/8), 9 AIDP patients (female/male ratio, 3/6), and 27 normal subjects (female/male ratio. 8/19) using commercial ELISA kits. Notably, we detected higher levels of this cytokine in CIDP patients (136.4 ± 8.57 ng/l) compared with both AIDP patients (93.89 ± 2.26 ng/l) and controls (83.78 ± 1.72 ng/l). However, the differences between AIDP patients and controls were not significant. The current study demonstrates the role of IL-19 in the pathogenesis of CIDP and potentiates this cytokine as a biomarker for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sangsefidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Department of Neurology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Niess JH, Francés R. Editorial: The IL-20 Cytokines and Related Family Members in Immunity and Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1976. [PMID: 31481964 PMCID: PMC6710337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Francés
- Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lai X, Li X, Chang L, Chen X, Huang Z, Bao H, Huang J, Yang L, Wu X, Wang Z, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG, Zhang G. IL-19 Up-Regulates Mucin 5AC Production in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis via STAT3 Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1682. [PMID: 31379870 PMCID: PMC6660249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucin gene, MUC5AC, is highly expressed both in chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases and inflammatory bowel disease where mucin secretion is regulated by members of the interleukin IL-20 subfamily. This study was conducted to determine the roles and mechanisms of IL-19, a member of the IL-20 subfamily, in regulating MUC5AC production in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We analyzed the expression of mucin and MUC5AC in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS through periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemical examination. Real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, confocal microscopy and western blotting were used to measure MUC5AC expression in primary human nasal epithelium cells (PHNECs) stimulated with recombinant human IL-19 (rhIL-19), IL-19 receptor siRNA transfection or a control. The involvement of the STAT3 signaling pathway was examined using cryptotanshinone (CRY, an inhibitor of STAT3). Mucin and MUC5AC were significantly increased in mucosa of CRS patients with/without nasal polyps compared to mucosa isolated from controls who had no CRS, but there were no significant differences between these two groups. Pretreatment with rhIL-19 up-regulated the expression of MUC5AC levels in PHNECs. Knockdown of IL-20R2 and pretreatment with CRY attenuated MUC5AC production induced by rhIL-19. We propose that IL-19 up-regulates MUC5AC-induced mucin production via the STAT3 pathway in CRS, highlighting the important role IL-19 may play in mucin production in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luoying Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Vrakas CN, Herman AB, Ray M, Kelemen SE, Scalia R, Autieri MV. RNA stability protein ILF3 mediates cytokine-induced angiogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 33:3304-3316. [PMID: 30383449 PMCID: PMC6404561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801315r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3), an RNA-binding protein, is best known for its role in innate immunity by participation in cellular antiviral responses. A role for ILF3 in angiogenesis is unreported. ILF3 expression in CD31+ capillaries of hypoxic cardiac tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Proangiogenic stimuli induce ILF3 mRNA and protein expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs). Angiogenic indices, including proliferation, migration, and tube formation, are all significantly reduced in hCAECs when ILF3 is knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA), but are significantly increased when ILF3 is overexpressed using adenovirus. Protein and mRNA abundance of several angiogenic factors including CXCL1, VEGF, and IL-8 are decreased when ILF3 is knocked down by siRNA. These factors are increased when ILF3 is overexpressed by adenovirus. ILF3 is phosphorylated and translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to angiogenic stimuli. Proangiogenic transcripts containing adenine and uridine-rich elements were bound to ILF3 through RNA immunoprecipitation. ILF3 stabilizes proangiogenic transcripts including VEGF, CXCL1, and IL-8 in hCAECs. Together these data suggest that in endothelial cells, the RNA stability protein, ILF3, plays a novel and central role in angiogenesis. Our working hypothesis is that ILF3 promotes angiogenesis through cytokine-inducible mRNA stabilization of proangiogenic transcripts.-Vrakas, C. N., Herman, A. B., Ray, M., Kelemen, S. E., Scalia, R., Autieri, M. V. RNA stability protein ILF3 mediates cytokine-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N. Vrakas
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison B. Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheri E. Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael V. Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
The Interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine family includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26, which are considered as Class 2α-helical cytokines. IL-10 is the most important cytokine in suppressing pro-inflammatory responses in all kinds of autoimmune diseases and limiting excessive immune responses. Due to protein structure homology and shared usage of receptor complexes as well as downstream signaling pathway, other IL-10 family cytokines also show indispensable functions in immune regulation, tissue homeostasis, and host defense. In this review, we focus on immune functions and structures of different cytokines in this family and try to better understand how their molecular mechanisms connect to their biological functions. The molecular details regarding their actions also provide useful information in developing candidate immune therapy reagents for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Bofeng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anyuan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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19
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Abstract
Resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in detecting insults and initiating protective or sometimes detrimental host immunity. At peripheral sites, immune responses follow a biphasic course with the rapid, but transient, production of inflammatory mediators giving way to the delayed release of factors that promote resolution and repair. Within the CNS, it is well known that glial cells contribute to the onset and progression of neuroinflammation, but it is only now becoming apparent that microglia and astrocytes also play an important role in producing and responding to immunosuppressive factors that serve to limit the detrimental effects of such responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is generally considered to be the quintessential immunosuppressive cytokine, and its ability to resolve inflammation and promote wound repair at peripheral sites is well documented. In the present review article, we discuss the evidence for the production of IL-10 by glia, and describe the ability of CNS cells, including microglia and astrocytes, to respond to this suppressive factor. Furthermore, we review the literature for the expression of other members of the IL-10 cytokine family, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24, within the brain, and discuss the evidence of a role for these poorly understood cytokines in the regulation of infectious and sterile neuroinflammation. In concert, the available data indicate that glia can produce IL-10 and the related cytokines IL-19 and IL-24 in a delayed manner, and these cytokines can limit glial inflammatory responses and/or provide protection against CNS insult. However, the roles of other IL-10 family members within the CNS remain unclear, with IL-20 appearing to act as a pro-inflammatory factor, while IL-22 may play a protective role in some instances and a detrimental role in others, perhaps reflecting the pleiotropic nature of this cytokine family. What is clear is that our current understanding of the role of IL-10 and related cytokines within the CNS is limited at best, and further research is required to define the actions of this understudied family in inflammatory brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Burmeister
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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20
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Klonowska J, Gleń J, Nowicki RJ, Trzeciak M. New Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis-New Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3086. [PMID: 30304837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease, which processes with severe itchiness. It often coexists with different atopic diseases. The number of people suffering from AD is relatively high. Epidemiological research demonstrates that 15–30% of children and 2–10% adults suffer from AD. The disease has significant negative social and economic impacts, substantially decreasing the quality of life of the patients and their families. Thanks to enormous progress in science and technology, it becomes possible to recognise complex genetic, immunological, and environmental factors and epidermal barrier defects that play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. We hope that the new insight on cytokines in AD will lead to new, individualised therapy and will open different therapeutic possibilities. In this article, we will focus on the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-19, IL-33, and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), which play a significant role in AD pathogenesis and may become the targets for future biologic therapies in AD. It is believed that the new era of biological drugs in AD will give a chance for patients to receive more successful treatment.
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21
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Huang KY, Hsu YH, Chen WY, Tsai HL, Yan JJ, Wang JD, Liu WL, Lin RM. The roles of IL-19 and IL-20 in the inflammation of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2018; 15:19. [PMID: 30250404 PMCID: PMC6145204 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) is a major cause of spinal canal stenosis and is often related to lower back pain. IL-20 is emerging as a potent angiogenic, chemotactic, and proinflammatory cytokine related to several chronic inflammatory bone disorders likes intervertebral disc herniation, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and bone fracture. IL-19 also acts as a proinflammatory cytokine in RA. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether IL-19 and IL-20 are involved in DLS and compare three different tissues including disc, facet joint, and ligamentum flavum of patients with DLS to verify which tissue is affected more by inflammation. Methods Disc, facet joint and ligamentum flavum from 13 patients with DLS was retrieved, and the expression pattern of IL-19, IL-20, IL-20R1, IL-20R2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies. The disc cells were isolated and incubated with IL-19 and IL-20 under CoCl2-mimicked hypoxic conditions to analyze the proinflammatory cytokine expression pattern using real-time quantitative PCR with specific primers. Results IL-19 and IL-20 were positively stained and accompanied by abundant expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in facet joints of DLS patients. IL-19 and IL-20's receptors (IL-20R1 and IL-20R2) were expressed on chondrocytes and fibrocytes/fibroblasts in facet joint and ligamentum flavum tissues from patients with DLS. There was a significant correlation between the expression of IL-20 and IL-1β in facet joint. In vitro assay, IL-19 and IL-20 upregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, VEGF, and MCP-1 in primary cultured DLS disc cells under CoCl2-mimicked hypoxic conditions. Conclusions IL-19, IL-20, and their receptors as well as proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1) were expressed more in facet joints than the other tissues in patients with DLS; therefore, the etiology of inflammation might be more facet-centric. IL-19 and IL-20 induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in disc cells and might play a role in the pathogenesis of DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yuan Huang
- 1Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,2Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,3Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- 4Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung, Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Tsai
- 1Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jou Yan
- 5Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- 6Department of Public of Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Liu
- 1Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Mo Lin
- 7Department of Orthopedics, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Herman AB, Vrakas CN, Ray M, Kelemen SE, Sweredoski MJ, Moradian A, Haines DS, Autieri MV. FXR1 Is an IL-19-Responsive RNA-Binding Protein that Destabilizes Pro-inflammatory Transcripts in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1176-1189. [PMID: 30067974 PMCID: PMC11004729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work identifies the fragile-X-related protein (FXR1) as a reciprocal regulator of HuR target transcripts in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). FXR1 was identified as an HuR-interacting protein by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The HuR-FXR1 interaction is abrogated in RNase-treated extracts, indicating that their association is tethered by mRNAs. FXR1 expression is induced in diseased but not normal arteries. siRNA knockdown of FXR1 increases the abundance and stability of inflammatory mRNAs, while overexpression of FXR1 reduces their abundance and stability. Conditioned media from FXR1 siRNA-treated VSMCs enhance activation of naive VSMCs. RNA EMSA and RIP demonstrate that FXR1 interacts with an ARE and an element in the 3' UTR of TNFα. FXR1 expression is increased in VSMCs challenged with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-19, and FXR1 is required for IL-19 reduction of HuR. This suggests that FXR1 is an anti-inflammation responsive, HuR counter-regulatory protein that reduces abundance of pro-inflammatory transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christine N Vrakas
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dale S Haines
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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23
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Reiss-Mandel A, Rubin C, Zayoud M, Rahav G, Regev-Yochay G. Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Induces Strain-Specific Suppression of Interleukin-17. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00834-17. [PMID: 29311230 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00834-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Nasal carriage is a major source of transmission and of endogenous infection. Persistent carriage is detected in ∼30% of healthy individuals. While Th17 cells have been shown to play a role in S. aureus infection and clearance, the immune response to carriage is not well understood. Here, we evaluate the Th17 response and its potential inhibitors during S. aureus carriage. We recruited 25 volunteers, of whom 11 were persistent carriers. Volunteers' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with either their endogenous strain (a strain isolated from that carrier) or exogenous ones (strains not carried by that volunteer). Changes in Th17 cell frequency and numbers, interleukin-17 (IL-17) mRNA expression, and IL-17 protein abundance were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Similarly, responses of IL-17 suppressors (regulatory T cells [FOXP3], IL-10, IL-27, and IL-19) were measured. Th17 and IL-17 levels in response to stimulation with endogenous strains were significantly lower than those in response to stimulation with exogenous ones. Of the suppressive cytokines tested, only IL-19 exhibited a stronger response to endogenous than to exogenous strains. Addition of recombinant IL-19 to exogenous-strain-stimulated PBMCs caused decreased IL-17 expression, whereas addition of IL-19 antibodies to endogenous-strain-stimulated cells resulted in an increased IL-17 response. Together, our results suggest that S. aureus carriage induced a tolerogenic response to a carried strain that could be reproduced through the addition of recombinant IL-19 or prevented by the addition of IL-19 antibodies. This differential immune response may play a role in the determination of S. aureus carriage patterns.
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Xie W, Fang L, Gan S, Xuan H. Interleukin-19 alleviates brain injury by anti-inflammatory effects in a mice model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2016; 1650:172-177. [PMID: 27608956 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke causes brain injury with neuroinflammation which exacerbates the neuronal damage. Recent studies show that anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-19 (IL-19) plays a critical part in the inflammatory and ischemic vascular diseases, yet its potential role in ischemic stroke is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IL-19 exerts protective effects against brain ischemia by modulating inflammation after stroke. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10ng/g per day recombinant mouse IL-19 starting pre-stroke, and were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and neurobehavioral outcome by neurological scores. Inflammation was measured using real-time quantitative PCR, immunochemistry, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Infarct volume at 72h after stroke was significantly smaller in IL-19 treated group and focal neurological score was significantly better. IL-19 treatment markedly attenuated elevation of the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, suppressed increases in the number of microglia, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells as well as B cells, and blocked activation of macrophages and neutrophils in the ischemic brain. In peripheral blood, IL-19 injection helped to robustly preserve the reduced immune cells, including macrophages, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells, compared to control group. IL-19 reduced brain infarction and attenuated neurological deficits following stroke in mice, probably by inhibiting infiltration and activation of immune cells, and by suppressing increases in gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. This may identify IL-19 as a new therapeutic to limit neuroinflammation after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojun Xuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Sun X, Lu T, Wei L, Fang L, Chen C, Huang Q, Hu X, Lu Z, Peng L, Qiu W. Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Neuroimmunomodulation 2016; 23:352-358. [PMID: 28445879 DOI: 10.1159/000464135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen cytokines and chemokines and determine their dynamic changes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). METHODS Eight NMOSD with seropositive aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) were enrolled, as well as 8 matched patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 8 with noninflammatory neurological diseases, who were included as controls. In total, 102 cytokines and 34 chemokines were detected in the CSF and serum of NMOSD patients and controls. RESULTS CSF interleukin (IL)-17A levels were significantly higher in NMOSD patients in the relapsing phase (27.15 ± 11.33) than in those in the remitting phase (10.04 ± 3.11, p = 0.0017), and patients with MS (14.72 ± 3.20, p = 0.0283) and other controls (10.39 ± 11.38, p = 0.0021). CSF IL-6 levels were higher in the NMOSD patients in the relapsing phase (12.23 ± 3.47) than in those in the remitting phase (5.87 ± 2.78, p = 0.0001), and MS patients (7.38 ± 2.35, p = 0.0033) and other controls (7.50 ± 0.37, p = 0.0043). CSF CCL19 levels were also significantly higher in NMOSD patients in the relapsing phase (35.87 ± 27.07) than in those in the remitting phase (10.71 ± 3.62, p = 0.0215). Serum IL-19 levels were lower in NMOSD patients in the relapsing phase (6.23 ± 1.95) than in those in the remitting phase (10.72 ± 4.46, p = 0.0092). Further, there was a positive, significant correlation between serum IL-9 concentration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in the NMOSD patients in the relapsing phase (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION In addition to IL-6 and IL-17A, IL-16 and CCL19 act as proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, while IL-19 plays a protective role in NMOSD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Matsuo Y, Azuma YT, Kuwamura M, Kuramoto N, Nishiyama K, Yoshida N, Ikeda Y, Fujimoto Y, Nakajima H, Takeuchi T. Interleukin 19 reduces inflammation in chemically induced experimental colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:468-475. [PMID: 26476684 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease results from chronic dysregulation of the mucosal immune system and aberrant activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin (IL)-19, a member of the IL-10 family, functions as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Here, we investigated the contribution of IL-19 to intestinal inflammation in a model of T cell-mediated colitis in mice. Inflammatory responses in IL-19-deficient mice were assessed using the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model of acute colitis. IL-19 deficiency aggravated TNBS-induced colitis and compromised intestinal recovery in mice. Additionally, the exacerbation of TNBS-induced colonic inflammation following genetic ablation of IL-19 was accompanied by increased production of interferon-gamma, IL-12 (p40), IL-17, IL-22, and IL-33, and decreased production of IL-4. Moreover, the exacerbation of colitis following IL-19 knockout was also accompanied by increased production of CXCL1, G-CSF and CCL5. Using this model of induced colitis, our results revealed the immunopathological relevance of IL-19 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in intestinal inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kuramoto
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Setsunan University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Natsuho Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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27
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Anuradha R, Munisankar S, Dolla C, Kumaran P, Nutman TB, Babu S. Modulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Function by Interleukin 19 and Interleukin 24 During Filarial Infections. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:811-5. [PMID: 26486636 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 19 (IL-19) and interleukin 24 (IL-24) are cytokines that are highly expressed in filarial infections. To study the role of IL-19 and IL-24 in regulating T-cell responses, we examined the frequency of T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, Th9/Tc9, Th17/Tc17, Th22/Tc22, and Tr1 cells in 26 filariae-infected individuals stimulated with filarial antigen following IL-19 or IL-24 neutralization. IL-19 or IL-24 neutralization resulted in significantly enhanced frequencies of Th1/Tc1 and/or Th17/Tc17 cells and significantly reduced frequencies of Th2/Tc2, Tr1, and/or Th9/Tc9 cells. Thus, we demonstrate that IL-19 and IL-24 are associated with the modulation of T-cell responses in filarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Anuradha
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-International Center for Excellence in Research
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-International Center for Excellence in Research
| | | | | | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT)-International Center for Excellence in Research
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28
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Kragstrup TW, Andersen T, Holm C, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Jurik AG, Hvid M, Deleuran B. Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 induced interleukin-19 dampens immune reactions and associates inversely with spondyloarthritis disease activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:233-42. [PMID: 25639337 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of immune mediated inflammatory diseases affecting joints, gut, skin and entheses. The inflammatory process involves activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 and production of cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2/MCP-1). This proinflammatory chemokine recruits monocytes to sites of inflammation and is central in the development of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-19 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-19-deficient mice are more susceptible to innate-mediated colitis and develop more severe inflammation in response to injury. In this work, we studied inducers of IL-19 production and effect of IL-19 on the production of CCL2/MCP-1 and proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls (HCs) and in PBMCs and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) from SpA patients. Further, we measured IL-19 in plasma from HCs and in plasma and synovial fluid from SpA patients. Constitutive IL-19 expression was present in both PBMCs and SFMCs and the secretion of IL-19 was increased by TLR-2 and TLR-4 ligands. Neutralizing IL-19 in HC PBMCs and SpA SFMCs resulted in increased production of CCL-2/MCP-1. IL-19 concentrations were decreased in synovial fluid compared with plasma and associated inversely with disease activity in SpA. SpA SFMCs produced less IL-19 in response to LPS compared with HC PBMCs. These findings indicate that IL-19 production is diminished in SpA. Taken together, impaired IL-19 control of the innate immune system might be involved in the pathogenesis of SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Okazaki S, Watanabe Y, Hishimoto A, Sasada T, Mouri K, Shiroiwa K, Eguchi N, Ratta-Apha W, Otsuka I, Nunokawa A, Kaneko N, Shibuya M, Someya T, Shirakawa O, Sora I. Association analysis of putative cis-acting polymorphisms of interleukin-19 gene with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:151-6. [PMID: 24361379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression analyses have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with multifactorial diseases, such as schizophrenia, are significantly more likely to be associated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). It was recently suggested that an immune system imbalance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Interleukin-19 is a novel cytokine that may play multiple roles in immune regulation and various diseases. METHOD We selected eight tag SNPs in the eQTL of the IL-19 gene. Seven of the SNPs are putative cis-acting SNPs. Then, we conducted a case-control study using two independent samples. The first sample comprised 567 schizophrenia patients and 710 controls, and the second sample comprised 677 schizophrenia patients and 667 controls. RESULT We identified the TGAA haplotype as being significantly associated with schizophrenia (p=0.0036 and corrected p=0.0264), although a combined analysis of the TGAA haplotype with the replication samples exhibited a nominally significant difference (p=0.022 and corrected p=0.235). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the IL-19 gene might slightly contribute to the genetic risk of schizophrenia. Thus, further research on the association of eQTL SNPs with schizophrenia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Toru Sasada
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Shiroiwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriomi Eguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Woraphat Ratta-Apha
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayako Nunokawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoshi Kaneko
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masako Shibuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Shirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Nikfarjam BA, Ebtekar M, Sabouni F, Pourpak Z, Kheirandish M. Detection of interleukin-19 mRNA in C57BL/6 mice astroglial cells and brain cortex. Basic Clin Neurosci 2014; 5:88-95. [PMID: 25436089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. In addition to their neurological roles, astrocytes also have immune functions. They have been involved in antigen presentation in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated astrocytes express adhesion molecules, chemokines and release several inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors, thus these cells have a dual role within the CNS: neuroinflammation and repair processes. IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. These cytokines have different biological functions in spite of partial amino acid sequences homology. Signal transduction of the IL-10 family of cytokines is through R1-type and R2-type receptors. METHODS No information has been available about the expression and regulation of IL-19 in mice astrocytes and brain. To investigate the expression of IL-19, we examined its expression in C57BL/6 mice astroglial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS We provide for the first time, evidence that astrocytes can express IL-19 mRNA following LPS stimulation. Furthermore, we have found the expression of IL-19 mRNA in the cortex of adult C57BL/6 mice following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of LPS. DISCUSSION This finding will contribute to current knowledge on the function and behavior of cells and mediators during inflammatory conditions in the brain.
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