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Bhatt IS, Garay JAR, Bhagavan SG, Ingalls V, Dias R, Torkamani A. A genome-wide association study reveals a polygenic architecture of speech-in-noise deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13089. [PMID: 38849415 PMCID: PMC11161523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a primary complaint of individuals with audiometric hearing loss. SIN performance varies drastically, even among individuals with normal hearing. The present genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigated the genetic basis of SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing in quiet situations. GWAS was performed on 279,911 individuals from the UB Biobank cohort, with 58,847 reporting SIN deficits despite reporting normal hearing in quiet. GWAS identified 996 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), achieving significance (p < 5*10-8) across four genomic loci. 720 SNPs across 21 loci achieved suggestive significance (p < 10-6). GWAS signals were enriched in brain tissues, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior temporal cortex. Cochlear cell types revealed no significant association with SIN deficits. SIN deficits were associated with various health traits, including neuropsychiatric, sensory, cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory conditions. A replication analysis was conducted on 242 healthy young adults. Self-reported speech perception, hearing thresholds (0.25-16 kHz), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (1-16 kHz) were utilized for the replication analysis. 73 SNPs were replicated with a self-reported speech perception measure. 211 SNPs were replicated with at least one and 66 with at least two audiological measures. 12 SNPs near or within MAPT, GRM3, and HLA-DQA1 were replicated for all audiological measures. The present study highlighted a polygenic architecture underlying SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Srividya Grama Bhagavan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Valerie Ingalls
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Skarzynski PH, Czajka N, Zdanowicz R, Kolodziejak A, Bukato E, Talarek M, Pankowska Z, Skarzynski H. Normative values for tests of central auditory processing disorder in children aged from 6 to 12 years old. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 109:106426. [PMID: 38692192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2024.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) can significantly affect the daily functioning of a child, and the first step in determining whether rehabilitation procedures are required is a proper diagnosis. Different guidelines for making diagnoses have been published in the literature, and in various centers normative values for psychoacoustic tests of CAPD have been used internally. The material presented in this paper is based on more than 1000 children and is the largest collection so far published. The aim of this study is to present normative values for tests assessing CAPD in children aged 6 to 12 years, divided by age at last birthday. METHOD We tested 1037 children aged 6 to 12 years who were attending primary schools and kindergartens. The criteria for inclusion were a normal audiogram, intellectually normal, no developmental problems, and no difficulties in auditory processing. To evaluate auditory processing all children were given three tests on the Senses Examination Platform: the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), and Dichotic Digit Test (DDT). RESULTS The results from 1,037 children allowed us to determine normative values for FPT, DPT, and DDT in seven different age groups (6 through to 12 years). We developed a newapproach, based on quantile-based norms, to determine normative values in each group. Three categories - average, below-average, and above-average - allow for a broader but more realistic interpretation than those used previously. We compare our results with published standards. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the largest normative database published to date for CAPD testing, setting a standard for each child by age in years. We used the Senses Examination Platform, a universal tool, to unify standards for the classification of CAPD. Our study can serve as a basis for the development of a Polish model for the diagnosis of CAPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr H Skarzynski
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland; Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Sensory Organs, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Czajka
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rita Zdanowicz
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kolodziejak
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bukato
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Talarek
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Pankowska
- Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Otorhinolaryngosurgery Clinic, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Warsaw, Poland
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Gósy M, Bunta F, Pregitzer M. Speech processing performance of Hungarian-speaking twins and singletons. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2023; 37:979-995. [PMID: 36052433 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2022.2111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studying speech processing in twins versus their singleton peers provides opportunities to study both genetic and environmental effects on how children acquire these aspects of their speech and - by extension - their phonological systems. Our study focused on speech processing in typically developing Hungarian-speaking twins and their singleton peers between 5 and 9 years of age. Participants included 384 monolingual Hungarian-speaking children (192 twins, and 192 singletons). Data from four tasks - repetition of synthesised monosyllables, nonsense words, well-formed noisy sentences, and well-formed phonologically complex sentences - were analysed. There was a main effect for birth status, and singletons outperformed their twin peers on the majority of the speech processing tasks. Age and task also had effects on the performance of the participants, and there was a three-way task by age by twin versus singleton status indicating that the speech processing performance of twins versus singletons is interdependent with the type of task and age. Our results also indicate that monolingual Hungarian-speaking twins may be at higher risk for developmental speech delays relative to their singleton peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Gósy
- Department of Phonetics, Linguistics Institute ELKH and ELTE University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bunta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bhatt IS, Ramadugu SK, Goodman S, Bhagavan SG, Ingalls V, Dias R, Torkamani A. Polygenic Risk Score-Based Association Analysis of Speech-in-Noise and Hearing Threshold Measures in Healthy Young Adults with Self-reported Normal Hearing. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:513-525. [PMID: 37783963 PMCID: PMC10695896 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Speech-in-noise (SIN) traits exhibit high inter-subject variability, even for healthy young adults reporting normal hearing. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic variability could influence inter-subject variability in SIN traits. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered the polygenic architecture of various adult-onset complex human conditions. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarize complex genetic susceptibility to quantify the degree of genetic risk for health conditions. The present study conducted PRS-based association analyses to identify PRS risk factors for SIN and hearing threshold measures in 255 healthy young adults (18-40 years) with self-reported normal hearing. METHODS Self-reported SIN perception abilities were assessed by the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12). QuickSIN and audiometry (0.25-16 kHz) were performed on 218 participants. Saliva-derived DNA was used for low-pass whole genome sequencing, and 2620 PRS variables for various traits were calculated using the models derived from the polygenic risk score (PGS) catalog. The regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors for SSQ12, QuickSIN, and better ear puretone averages at conventional (PTA0.5-2), high (PTA4-8), and extended-high (PTA12.5-16) frequency ranges. RESULTS Participants with a higher genetic predisposition to HDL cholesterol reported better SSQ12. Participants with high PRS to dementia revealed significantly elevated PTA4-8, and those with high PRS to atrial fibrillation and flutter revealed significantly elevated PTA12.5-16. CONCLUSION These results indicate that healthy individuals with polygenic risk of certain health conditions could exhibit a subclinical decline in hearing health measures at young ages, decades before clinically meaningful SIN deficits and hearing loss could be observed. PRS could be used to identify high-risk individuals to prevent hearing health conditions by promoting a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Sai Kumar Ramadugu
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Shawn Goodman
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Srividya Grama Bhagavan
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Valerie Ingalls
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Cantiani C, Dondena C, Molteni M, Riva V, Lorusso ML. Intergenerational longitudinal associations between parental reading/musical traits, infants' auditory processing, and later phonological awareness skills. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1201997. [PMID: 37539387 PMCID: PMC10394385 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1201997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intergenerational transmission of language/reading skills has been demonstrated by evidence reporting that parental literacy abilities contribute to the prediction of their offspring's language and reading skills. According to the "Intergenerational Multiple Deficit Model," literacy abilities of both parents are viewed as indicators of offspring's liability for literacy difficulties, since parents provide offspring with genetic and environmental endowment. Recently, studies focusing on the heritability of musical traits reached similar conclusions. The "Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE)" framework proposed that language/reading and musical traits share a common genetic architecture, and such shared components have an influence on the heritable neural underpinnings of basic-level skills underlying musical and language traits. Here, we investigate the intergenerational transmission of parental musical and language-related (reading) abilities on their offspring's neural response to a basic auditory stimulation (neural intermediate phenotype) and later phonological awareness skills, including in this complex association pattern the mediating effect of home environment. One-hundred and seventy-six families were involved in this study. Through self-report questionnaires we assessed parental reading abilities and musicality, as well as home literacy and musical environment. Offspring were involved in a longitudinal study: auditory processing was measured at 6 months of age by means of a Rapid Auditory Processing electrophysiological paradigm, and phonological awareness was assessed behaviorally at 5 years of age. Results reveal significant correlations between parents' reading skills and musical traits. Intergenerational associations were investigated through mediation analyses using structural equation modeling. For reading traits, the results revealed that paternal reading was indirectly associated with children's phonological awareness skills via their electrophysiological MisMatch Response at 6 months, while maternal reading was directly associated with children's phonological awareness. For musical traits, we found again that paternal musicality, rather than maternal characteristics, was associated with children's phonological phenotypes: in this case, the association was mediated by musical environment. These results provide some insight about the intergenerational pathways linking parental reading and musical traits, neural underpinnings of infants' auditory processing and later phonological awareness skills. Besides shedding light on possible intergenerational transmission mechanisms, this study may open up new perspectives for early intervention based on environmental enrichment.
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Nayak S, Coleman PL, Ladányi E, Nitin R, Gustavson DE, Fisher SE, Magne CL, Gordon RL. The Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE) Framework for Understanding Musicality-Language Links Across the Lifespan. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 3:615-664. [PMID: 36742012 PMCID: PMC9893227 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Using individual differences approaches, a growing body of literature finds positive associations between musicality and language-related abilities, complementing prior findings of links between musical training and language skills. Despite these associations, musicality has been often overlooked in mainstream models of individual differences in language acquisition and development. To better understand the biological basis of these individual differences, we propose the Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE) framework. This novel integrative framework posits that musical and language-related abilities likely share some common genetic architecture (i.e., genetic pleiotropy) in addition to some degree of overlapping neural endophenotypes, and genetic influences on musically and linguistically enriched environments. Drawing upon recent advances in genomic methodologies for unraveling pleiotropy, we outline testable predictions for future research on language development and how its underlying neurobiological substrates may be supported by genetic pleiotropy with musicality. In support of the MAPLE framework, we review and discuss findings from over seventy behavioral and neural studies, highlighting that musicality is robustly associated with individual differences in a range of speech-language skills required for communication and development. These include speech perception-in-noise, prosodic perception, morphosyntactic skills, phonological skills, reading skills, and aspects of second/foreign language learning. Overall, the current work provides a clear agenda and framework for studying musicality-language links using individual differences approaches, with an emphasis on leveraging advances in the genomics of complex musicality and language traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Peyton L. Coleman
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Enikő Ladányi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Linguistics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rachana Nitin
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille L. Magne
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
- PhD Program in Literacy Studies, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Reyna L. Gordon
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
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Guzek A, Iwanicka-Pronicka K. Analysis of the auditory processing skills in 1,012 children aged 6–9 confirms the adequacy of APD testing in 6-year-olds. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272723. [PMID: 35980890 PMCID: PMC9387814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the validity of the use of the battery of tests assessing higher auditory functions in the diagnostic process of APD in 6-year-old children. The study involved 1,012 Polish-speaking children aged 6 to 9 years with normal hearing sensitivity. The evaluation of auditory functions was performed using the ATS Neuroflow test battery comprising: Adaptive Speech in Noise test (ASPN-S), Dichotic Digits Test (DDT) and Frequency Pattern Test (FPT). Two groups were distinguished: the group”S” (Study) containing 880 participants with APD (participants who obtained abnormal results in at least two tests) and the group”C” (Control) including 132 participants without APD. The results obtained by 6-year-old children in behavioral tests present a similar disorder’s profile to those of older children in terms of the prevalence of specific deficits and their severity. Performance in the APD tests of healthy 6-year-old children is higher than 9-year-old children with APD, despite the process of physiological development of hearing functions in older children. The test assessing understanding speech in noise was the most frequently impaired among all examined, while the dichotic listening with distracted attention was the least frequently impaired function. The deficit found in DDT was opposite between patients with APD and healthy children, we called the detected phenomenon the reversed lateralization pattern. The use of DDT, FPT and ASPN-S tests to evaluate higher auditory functions in the process of diagnosing APD in 6-year-old children is justified by the lack of discrepancy in the disorder profile of 6-year-old children in comparison with older children, both in the healthy population, and in children with impaired auditory function development. Early diagnosis can be beneficial for accurate programming of therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guzek
- The Outpatient of Speech Therapy, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Katarzyna Iwanicka-Pronicka
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Kobosko J, Fludra M, Śliwa L, Ganc M, Jedrzejczak WW, Skoczylas A, Skarzynski H. Self-perceived stress and the personality of mothers of children with central auditory processing disorders - Differences from mothers of typically developing children. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 63:e58-e63. [PMID: 34716059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between self-perceived global stress and the personality traits of mothers of children with central auditory processing disorders (APD), and make a comparison with mothers of typically developing (TD) children. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using two questionnaires - the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Short Big Five Markers (IPIP-BFM-20) - to assess five personality dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect/imagination. The study material included 187 mothers, of whom 108 were mothers of children with APD. The average age of the children with APD was 10 years. RESULTS The average level of global stress was similar in mothers of children with APD and mothers of TD children. Mothers of APD children had significantly lower scores for personality dimensions such as: emotional stability, conscientiousness, and intellect/imagination. Increased perceived stress level in mothers of children with APD was inversely correlated with extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. However, for both groups of mothers, the only significant predictor of global stress level was emotional stability. CONCLUSION Mothers of children with APD, despite having similar global stress levels to other mothers, were different in terms of three personality dimensions, and these, especially lowered emotional stability, may play a negative role in coping with global self-perceived stress. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results of this study might be helpful in parental support interventions, including psychological therapy and counselling, and also in parental implementation interventions aimed at mothers of children with APD, especially those mothers who have high global stress and/or low emotional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kobosko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Fludra
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Lech Śliwa
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ganc
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - W Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Skoczylas
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, ul. M. Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; World Hearing Center, ul. Mokra 17, Kajetany 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
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Chowsilpa S, Bamiou DE, Koohi N. Effectiveness of the Auditory Temporal Ordering and Resolution Tests to Detect Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Adults With Evidence of Brain Pathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:656117. [PMID: 34149594 PMCID: PMC8206525 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.656117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Auditory temporal processing tests are key clinical measures in order to diagnose central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). Although these tests have been used for decades, there is no up-to-date evidence to determine the effectiveness of detecting the abnormalities in central auditory processing in adults while the available national CAPD guidelines predominantly address CAPD in the pediatric population. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of the auditory temporal ordering tests [duration pattern test (DPT) and frequency pattern test (FPT)], and a temporal resolution test [gaps-in-noise (GIN) test] for detecting the central auditory processing abnormalities in adults with documented brain pathology. Research Design: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Study samples: Four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, were systematically searched. The publications in the English language that recruited adults (above 16 years old) with pathologic brain conditions and described the diagnostic tests for auditory temporal processing were selected for review. Data Collections and Analysis: All data were systematically evaluated, extracted, categorized, and summarized in tables. The meta-analysis was done in order to determine the effectiveness of the DPT, FPT, and GIN tests. Results: The results showed significantly poorer performance of DPT and FPT, compared between participants with confirmed brain disease and normal controls, at the mean differences of percent correct −21.93 (95% CI, −26.58 to −17.29) and −31.37 (95% CI, −40.55 to −22.19), respectively. Subjects with brain pathology also performed poorer in GIN test at the mean difference of 3.19 milliseconds (95% CI, 2.51 to 3.87). Conclusion: The results from the meta-analysis provide evidence that DPT, FPT, and GIN clinical measures are effective in the diagnosis of CAPD in adults with neurological disorders. Poor performance on these tests is significantly related to the confirmed brain pathology. However, different units in results presentation and variety of testing strategies are limitations for this meta-analysis. The standard pattern of result reporting and international protocols test strategies should be developed in order to conduct better meta-analyses with a larger collection of suitable studies and less heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanathorn Chowsilpa
- The Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Otology Neurotology and Communication Disorder Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Doris-Eva Bamiou
- The Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Neuro-Otology Department, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.,Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nehzat Koohi
- The Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Neuro-Otology Department, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Agrawal D, Dritsakis G, Mahon M, Mountjoy A, Bamiou DE. Experiences of Patients With Auditory Processing Disorder in Getting Support in Health, Education, and Work Settings: Findings From an Online Survey. Front Neurol 2021; 12:607907. [PMID: 33679580 PMCID: PMC7930331 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.607907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the views and experiences of individuals with Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) and/or their families in getting support from services and to receive their suggestions for improvement. Design: Cross-sectional random sample survey with descriptive analysis. Settings: Online survey. Participants: One hundred and fifty six individuals with APD and/or their family members from the APD Support UK patient support organization and four associated APD Facebook groups. Main Outcome Measure: A 16-item questionnaire on negative and positive experiences in getting a referral for diagnosis, funding for the FM system, and overall support for APD. Results: The key findings that emerged included reports of difficulty in getting a referral for diagnosis (54%), obtaining funding for an FM system (45%), getting support for APD (61%), and poor recognition and awareness of APD (63%) in Education, Health or Work settings. The positive experiences reported were ease in getting a referral for diagnosis (46%), in obtaining an FM system (20%), and with diagnosis leading to help at school or to a better understanding of the condition and the required adjustments. The recommended improvement areas were raising awareness of APD and related management in Education (30%), the Health sector (25%), and the public (18%). Conclusions: Individuals and families of individuals with APD overwhelmingly report a lack of awareness of APD across health, education, and work sectors, and difficulties in getting access to diagnosis and support. This information may provide an initial understanding of the patients' needs for clinical services for APD, identify research priorities, and influence longer-term public health decisions toward improved care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Merle Mahon
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Doris E Bamiou
- University College London Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Neuro-Otology, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Audiological Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Peripheral Anomalies in USH2A Cause Central Auditory Anomalies in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome and CAPD. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020151. [PMID: 33498833 PMCID: PMC7910880 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is associated with difficulties hearing and processing acoustic information, as well as subsequent impacts on the development of higher-order cognitive processes (i.e., attention and language). Yet CAPD also lacks clear and consistent diagnostic criteria, with widespread clinical disagreement on this matter. As such, identification of biological markers for CAPD would be useful. A recent genome association study identified a potential CAPD risk gene, USH2A. In a homozygous state, this gene is associated with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2), a recessive disorder resulting in bilateral, high-frequency hearing loss due to atypical cochlear hair cell development. However, children with heterozygous USH2A mutations have also been found to show unexpected low-frequency hearing loss and reduced early vocabulary, contradicting assumptions that the heterozygous (carrier) state is "phenotype free". Parallel evidence has confirmed that heterozygous Ush2a mutations in a transgenic mouse model also cause low-frequency hearing loss (Perrino et al., 2020). Importantly, these auditory processing anomalies were still evident after covariance for hearing loss, suggesting a CAPD profile. Since usherin anomalies occur in the peripheral cochlea and not central auditory structures, these findings point to upstream developmental feedback effects of peripheral sensory loss on high-level processing characteristic of CAPD. In this study, we aimed to expand upon the mouse behavioral battery used in Perrino et al. (2020) by evaluating central auditory brain structures, including the superior olivary complex (SOC) and medial geniculate nucleus (MGN), in heterozygous and homozygous Ush2a mice. We found that heterozygous Ush2a mice had significantly larger SOC volumes while homozygous Ush2a had significantly smaller SOC volumes. Heterozygous mutations did not affect the MGN; however, homozygous Ush2a mutations resulted in a significant shift towards more smaller neurons. These findings suggest that alterations in cochlear development due to USH2A variation can secondarily impact the development of brain regions important for auditory processing ability.
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12
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Mascheretti S, Riva V, Feng B, Trezzi V, Andreola C, Giorda R, Villa M, Dionne G, Gori S, Marino C, Facoetti A. The Mediation Role of Dynamic Multisensory Processing Using Molecular Genetic Data in Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120993. [PMID: 33339203 PMCID: PMC7765588 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial heritability has been reported and candidate genes have been identified, we are far from understanding the etiopathogenetic pathways underlying developmental dyslexia (DD). Reading-related endophenotypes (EPs) have been established. Until now it was unknown whether they mediated the pathway from gene to reading (dis)ability. Thus, in a sample of 223 siblings from nuclear families with DD and 79 unrelated typical readers, we tested four EPs (i.e., rapid auditory processing, rapid automatized naming, multisensory nonspatial attention and visual motion processing) and 20 markers spanning five DD-candidate genes (i.e., DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1 and GRIN2B) using a multiple-predictor/multiple-mediator framework. Our results show that rapid auditory and visual motion processing are mediators in the pathway from ROBO1-rs9853895 to reading. Specifically, the T/T genotype group predicts impairments in rapid auditory and visual motion processing which, in turn, predict poorer reading skills. Our results suggest that ROBO1 is related to reading via multisensory temporal processing. These findings support the use of EPs as an effective approach to disentangling the complex pathways between candidate genes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mascheretti
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (S.M.); (V.R.); (V.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Valentina Riva
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (S.M.); (V.R.); (V.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Bei Feng
- École de Psychologie, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Vittoria Trezzi
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (S.M.); (V.R.); (V.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Chiara Andreola
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (S.M.); (V.R.); (V.T.); (C.A.)
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l’Éducation de l’Enfant (LaPsyDÉ), Universitè de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Giorda
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Marco Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Ginette Dionne
- École de Psychologie, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (B.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Simone Gori
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Marino
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy; (S.M.); (V.R.); (V.T.); (C.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- The Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Facoetti
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (A.F.)
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13
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The heritability of reading and reading-related neurocognitive components: A multi-level meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:175-200. [PMID: 33246020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reading ability is a complex task requiring the integration of multiple cognitive and perceptual systems supporting language, visual and orthographic processes, working memory, attention, motor movements, and higher-level comprehension and cognition. Estimates of genetic and environmental influences for some of these reading-related neurocognitive components vary across reports. By using a multi-level meta-analysis approach, we synthesized the results of behavioral genetic research on reading-related neurocognitive components (i.e. general reading, letter-word knowledge, phonological decoding, reading comprehension, spelling, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and language) of 49 twin studies spanning 4.1-18.5 years of age, with a total sample size of more than 38,000 individuals. Except for language for which shared environment seems to play a more important role, the causal architecture across most of the reading-related neurocognitive components can be represented by the following equation a² > e² > c². Moderators analysis revealed that sex and spoken language did not affect the heritability of any reading-related skills; school grade levels moderated the heritability of general reading, reading comprehension and phonological awareness.
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14
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Perrino PA, Talbot L, Kirkland R, Hill A, Rendall AR, Mountford HS, Taylor J, Buscarello AN, Lahiri N, Saggar A, Fitch RH, Newbury DF. Multi-level evidence of an allelic hierarchy of USH2A variants in hearing, auditory processing and speech/language outcomes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:180. [PMID: 32313182 PMCID: PMC7170883 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Language development builds upon a complex network of interacting subservient systems. It therefore follows that variations in, and subclinical disruptions of, these systems may have secondary effects on emergent language. In this paper, we consider the relationship between genetic variants, hearing, auditory processing and language development. We employ whole genome sequencing in a discovery family to target association and gene x environment interaction analyses in two large population cohorts; the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and UK10K. These investigations indicate that USH2A variants are associated with altered low-frequency sound perception which, in turn, increases the risk of developmental language disorder. We further show that Ush2a heterozygote mice have low-level hearing impairments, persistent higher-order acoustic processing deficits and altered vocalizations. These findings provide new insights into the complexity of genetic mechanisms serving language development and disorders and the relationships between developmental auditory and neural systems. Peter Perrino et al. identify variants in USH2A linked to a dominant language disorder in a human family and find that these variants are also associated with low-frequency hearing at the population level. They investigate the function of USH2A variants in mice, showing that mutations in this gene are responsible for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Perrino
- Department of Psychological Science/Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,UConn Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; UConn Murine Behavioral Neurogenetics Facility, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lidiya Talbot
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Rose Kirkland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Amanda Hill
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Amanda R Rendall
- Department of Psychological Science/Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,UConn Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; UConn Murine Behavioral Neurogenetics Facility, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Hayley S Mountford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Jenny Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Alexzandrea N Buscarello
- Department of Psychological Science/Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,UConn Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; UConn Murine Behavioral Neurogenetics Facility, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London & St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anand Saggar
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London & St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Holly Fitch
- Department of Psychological Science/Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,UConn Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; UConn Murine Behavioral Neurogenetics Facility, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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15
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Ladányi E, Persici V, Fiveash A, Tillmann B, Gordon RL. Is atypical rhythm a risk factor for developmental speech and language disorders? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2020; 11:e1528. [PMID: 32244259 PMCID: PMC7415602 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although a growing literature points to substantial variation in speech/language abilities related to individual differences in musical abilities, mainstream models of communication sciences and disorders have not yet incorporated these individual differences into childhood speech/language development. This article reviews three sources of evidence in a comprehensive body of research aligning with three main themes: (a) associations between musical rhythm and speech/language processing, (b) musical rhythm in children with developmental speech/language disorders and common comorbid attentional and motor disorders, and (c) individual differences in mechanisms underlying rhythm processing in infants and their relationship with later speech/language development. In light of converging evidence on associations between musical rhythm and speech/language processing, we propose the Atypical Rhythm Risk Hypothesis, which posits that individuals with atypical rhythm are at higher risk for developmental speech/language disorders. The hypothesis is framed within the larger epidemiological literature in which recent methodological advances allow for large-scale testing of shared underlying biology across clinically distinct disorders. A series of predictions for future work testing the Atypical Rhythm Risk Hypothesis are outlined. We suggest that if a significant body of evidence is found to support this hypothesis, we can envision new risk factor models that incorporate atypical rhythm to predict the risk of developing speech/language disorders. Given the high prevalence of speech/language disorders in the population and the negative long-term social and economic consequences of gaps in identifying children at-risk, these new lines of research could potentially positively impact access to early identification and treatment. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Neuroscience > Development Linguistics > Language Acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Ladányi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valentina Persici
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Fiveash
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, CRNL, INSERM, University of Lyon 1, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, CRNL, INSERM, University of Lyon 1, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Reyna L Gordon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Wilson WJ. On the definition of APD and the need for a conceptual model of terminology. Int J Audiol 2019; 58:516-523. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1600057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J. Wilson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Letter to the Editor: An Affront to Scientific Inquiry Re: Moore, D. R. (2018) Editorial: Auditory Processing Disorder, Ear Hear, 39, 617-620. Ear Hear 2018; 39:1236-1242. [PMID: 30106770 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Purdy SC, Taylor S, Schluter PJ, Tautolo ES, Iusitini L, Ahmad Z, Sundborn G, Paterson J. Hearing and ear status of Pacific children aged 11 years living in New Zealand: the Pacific Islands families hearing study. Int J Audiol 2018; 58:77-86. [PMID: 30261774 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1506170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and ear problems in Pacific children, and investigate current and past demographic, health and social factors potentially associated with hearing and ear problems. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study design nested within a birth cohort was employed. STUDY SAMPLE Nine-hundred-twenty Pacific children aged 11 years were audiologically assessed. Using average hearing thresholds at 500, 1k and 2k Hz, 162 (18%) right and 197 (21%) left ears had ≥20 dB hearing loss. Hearing loss was mild (20-39 dB) in most cases; 2% of ears had moderate to moderate-severe (40-69 dB) hearing loss. However, only 101 (11%) children had normal peripheral hearing defined by passing hearing threshold, tympanogram and distortion product otoacoustic emission assessments. Those with confirmed middle ear disease at age 2 years had significantly increased odds of a non-Type A tympanogram (adjusted odds ratio: 2.00; 95% confidence interval: 1.56, 2.50) when re-assessed at age 11 years. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss, abnormal tympanograms, and auditory processing difficulties were present in many Pacific children. Interventions are also urgently needed to mitigate the effect of the longstanding ear disease likely to be present for many Pacific children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Purdy
- a School of Psychology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Steve Taylor
- b Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Philip J Schluter
- c School of Health Sciences , University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha , Christchurch , New Zealand.,d School of Clinical Medicine, Primary Care Clinical Unit , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - El-Shadan Tautolo
- e Centre for Pacific Health and Development Research , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Leon Iusitini
- e Centre for Pacific Health and Development Research , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- f Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) - Otorhinolaryngology, Manukau SuperClinic , Counties Manukau District Health Board, Ear , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Gerhard Sundborn
- g School of Population Health , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Janis Paterson
- e Centre for Pacific Health and Development Research , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
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19
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Mascheretti S, Gori S, Trezzi V, Ruffino M, Facoetti A, Marino C. Visual motion and rapid auditory processing are solid endophenotypes of developmental dyslexia. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:70-81. [PMID: 28834383 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although a genetic component is known to have an important role in the etiology of developmental dyslexia (DD), we are far from understanding the molecular etiopathogenetic pathways. Reduced measures of neurobiological functioning related to reading (dis)ability, i.e. endophenotypes (EPs), are promising targets for gene finding and the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. In a sample of 100 nuclear families with DD (229 offspring) and 83 unrelated typical readers, we tested whether a set of well-established, cognitive phenotypes related to DD [i.e. rapid auditory processing (RAP), rapid automatized naming (RAN), multisensory nonspatial attention and visual motion processing] fulfilled the criteria of the EP construct. Visual motion and RAP satisfied all testable criteria (i.e. they are heritable, associate with the disorder, co-segregate with the disorder within a family and represent reproducible measures) and are therefore solid EPs of DD. Multisensory nonspatial attention satisfied three of four criteria (i.e. it associates with the disorder, co-segregates with the disorder within a family and represents a reproducible measure) and is therefore a potential EP for DD. Rapid automatized naming is heritable but does not meet other criteria of the EP construct. We provide the first evidence of a methodologically and statistically sound approach for identifying EPs for DD to be exploited as a solid alternative basis to clinical phenotypes in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mascheretti
- Child Psychopathology Unit; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea; Bosisio Parini Italy
| | - S. Gori
- Child Psychopathology Unit; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea; Bosisio Parini Italy
- Department of Human and Social Sciences; University of Bergamo; Bergamo Italy
| | - V. Trezzi
- Child Psychopathology Unit; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea; Bosisio Parini Italy
| | - M. Ruffino
- Child Psychopathology Unit; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea; Bosisio Parini Italy
| | - A. Facoetti
- Child Psychopathology Unit; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea; Bosisio Parini Italy
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of General Psychology; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - C. Marino
- Child Psychopathology Unit; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea; Bosisio Parini Italy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; University of Toronto; ON Canada
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20
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Involvement of the Serotonin Transporter Gene in Accurate Subcortical Speech Encoding. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10782-10790. [PMID: 27798133 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1595-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A flourishing line of evidence has highlighted the encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory system as being shaped by acoustic, linguistic, and musical experience and training. And while the heritability of auditory speech as well as nonspeech processing has been suggested, the genetic determinants of subcortical speech processing have not yet been uncovered. Here, we postulated that the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a common functional polymorphism located in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), is implicated in speech encoding in the human subcortical auditory pathway. Serotonin has been shown as essential for modulating the brain response to sound both cortically and subcortically, yet the genetic factors regulating this modulation regarding speech sounds have not been disclosed. We recorded the frequency following response, a biomarker of the neural tracking of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory pathway, and cortical evoked potentials in 58 participants elicited to the syllable /ba/, which was presented >2000 times. Participants with low serotonin transporter expression had higher signal-to-noise ratios as well as a higher pitch strength representation of the periodic part of the syllable than participants with medium to high expression, possibly by tuning synaptic activity to the stimulus features and hence a more efficient suppression of noise. These results imply the 5-HTTLPR in subcortical auditory speech encoding and add an important, genetically determined layer to the factors shaping the human subcortical response to speech sounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The accurate encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory nervous system is of paramount relevance for human communication, and it has been shown to be altered in different disorders of speech and auditory processing. Importantly, this encoding is plastic and can therefore be enhanced by language and music experience. Whether genetic factors play a role in speech encoding at the subcortical level remains unresolved. Here we show that a common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene relates to an accurate and robust neural tracking of speech stimuli in the subcortical auditory pathway. This indicates that serotonin transporter expression, eventually in combination with other polymorphisms, delimits the extent to which lifetime experience shapes the subcortical encoding of speech.
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21
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Riva V, Cantiani C, Benasich AA, Molteni M, Piazza C, Giorda R, Dionne G, Marino C. From CNTNAP2 to Early Expressive Language in Infancy: The Mediation Role of Rapid Auditory Processing. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:2100-2108. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Riva
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantiani
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - April A Benasich
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - Caterina Piazza
- Bioengineering Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - Roberto Giorda
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - Ginette Dionne
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Cecilia Marino
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ON M6J 1H4
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