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Ferdous J, Bhuia MS, Chowdhury R, Rakib AI, Aktar MA, Al Hasan MS, Melo Coutinho HD, Islam MT. Pharmacological Activities of Plant-Derived Fraxin with Molecular Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301615. [PMID: 38506600 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables serve not only as sources of nutrition but also as medicinal agents for the treatment of diverse diseases and maladies. These dietary components are significant resources of phytochemicals that demonstrate therapeutic properties against many illnesses. Fraxin is a naturally occurring coumarin glycoside mainly present in various species of Fraxinus genera, having a multitude of therapeutic uses against various diseases and disorders. This study focuses to investigate the pharmacological activities, botanical sources, and biopharmaceutical profile of the phytochemical fraxin based on different preclinical and non-clinical studies to show the scientific evidence and to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects against various ailments. For this, data was searched and collected (as of February 15, 2024) in a variety of credible electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Springer Link, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings demonstrated favorable outcomes in relation to a range of diseases or medical conditions, including inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and depression, viral infection, as well as diabetic nephropathy. The phytochemical also showed protective effects such as osteoprotective, renoprotective, pulmoprotective, hepatoprotective, and gastroprotective effects due to its antioxidant capacity. Fraxin has a great capability to diminish oxidative stress-related damage in different organs by stimulating the antioxidant enzymes, downregulating nuclear factor kappa B and NLRP3, and triggering the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Fraxin exhibited poor oral bioavailability because of reduced absorption and a wide distribution into tissues of different organs. However, extensive research is required to decipher the biopharmaceutical profiles, and clinical studies are necessary to establish the efficacy of the natural compound as a reliable therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Asraful Islam Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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Cruz-Vallejo V, Zarco-Mendoza A, Morales-Ramírez P. Kinetics of the in vivo genotoxic and radioprotective effects of methyl gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:393-400. [PMID: 37431273 DOI: 10.1002/em.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of the in vivo action of equimolar doses of methyl gallate (MG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on their capacity to induce DNA damage and to protect against DNA damage induced by 60 Co gamma rays. DNA-damaged cells were determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comets) in murine peripheral blood leukocytes. The maximum radioprotective effects of MG and EGCG (approximately 70%) occurred at 15 min after administration when their effect was determined 2 min following irradiation. MG and EGCG have similar radioprotective indexes, which due to their fast response indicate that they are involved in free radical scavenging. Due to the similar radioprotective activities of MG and EGCG, the in vivo radioprotective effects of these agents do not seem to be dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures but instead on the presence of the galloyl radical. EGCG induces an early, significant, and persistent increase in the number of DNA-damaged cells and a later and more important increase in the number of damaged cells, suggesting that it has two mechanisms by which it can induce DNA damage. MG at the same molar dose as EGCG caused a significant and persistent increase in DNA damaged cells but to a much lesser extent to that induce by EGCG, suggesting that the galloyl radical is not involved in the mechanism of DNA breaks induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cruz-Vallejo
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anaís Zarco-Mendoza
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Morales-Ramírez
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liang H, Huang Q, Zou L, Wei P, Lu J, Zhang Y. Methyl gallate: Review of pharmacological activity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106849. [PMID: 37429335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) is a polyphenolic compound widely found in natural plants. MG has been shown to have a variety of biological functions, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and anti-microbial activities, and has broad research and development prospects. A total of 88 articles related to MG were searched using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, systematically investigating the pharmacological activity and molecular mechanisms of MG. There were no restrictions on the publication years, and the last search was conducted on June 5, 2023. MG can exert pharmacological effects through multiple pathways and targets, such as PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, Caspase, AMPK/NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, p53, NLRP3, ROS, EMT. According to the literature, MG has the potential to be a prospective adjuvant for anticancer therapy and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguo Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiazheng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Ciocan AG, Tecuceanu V, Enache-Preoteasa C, Mitoi EM, Helepciuc FE, Dimov TV, Simon-Gruita A, Cogălniceanu GC. Phenological and Environmental Factors' Impact on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091762. [PMID: 37176820 PMCID: PMC10181090 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. (smoketree) is a phytotherapeutically valuable shrub growing in specific areas in many Eurasian countries. Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic (abiotic) factors that modulate its secondary metabolism has fundamental and applicative importance. Three smoketree plants from the same population were studied for a period of 4.5 months. Their extracts were characterized using LC-MS/MS, HPLC-UV-VIS-DAD and colorimetric assays to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant potential. Multivariate analysis was applied to correlate the metabolomic data with registered habitat variables and phenological stages. The identified and quantified compounds belonged to the flavonoids (myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricitrin) and hydrolysable tannins groups (pentagalloyl glucose, methyl gallate, methyl digallate I). Phenolic compounds and tannins were synthesized abundantly in the flowering and fruit stages, whereas flavonoids and triterpenes accumulated during senescence. The antioxidant activities varied between detection methods, samplings and individuals and were only punctually correlated with the compound contents in certain phenological stages. Based on the HCAbp analysis, the samples clustered under four groups, according to their metabolic profile. The CCA analysis revealed that during the reproductive stages (flower, fruit or seed), the secondary metabolism of the plants' leaves is sensitive to the action of abiotic factors, while in senescence, the metabolic content is according to the phenological phase. This study provides a first attempt at understanding the interplay between the habitat and the metabolome of smoketree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Gabriela Ciocan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victorița Tecuceanu
- "C.D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Elena Monica Mitoi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florența Elena Helepciuc
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatiana Vassu Dimov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Simon-Gruita
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Carmen Cogălniceanu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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The Isopropyl Gallate Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050728. [PMID: 35625456 PMCID: PMC9138278 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ifosfamide (IFOS) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat various cancers. Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is the main adverse effect related to the use of IFOS. Acrolein, a metabolite of IFOS, is the main molecule responsible for this side-effect, resulting in increased oxidative stress and production of inflammatory mediators, which culminate in the degradation of bladder tissue. In clinical practice, mesna is used to reduce the incidence of HC. However, this drug presents some dose-dependent side effects. Isopropyl gallate (IPG), a gallic acid-derived compound, is promising for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of IPG against IFOS-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice were investigated. Interestingly pretreatment of IPG was able to reduce IFOS-induced bladder damage evidenced by a decrease of inflammatory parameters and improvement in histology and antioxidants of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, IPG significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the bladder tissue. These preliminary findings suggest that IPG represents a promising adjuvant therapy for protecting against IFOS-induced urotoxicity. Abstract Hemorrhagic cystitis is the main adverse effect associated with the clinical use of oxazaphosphorine, resulting in increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, which culminate in injury of the bladder tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of isopropyl gallate (IPG) against ifosfamide (IFOS)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice. The induction of the hemorrhagic cystitis model was carried out using a single dose of IFOS (400 mg/kg, i.p.) four hours after oral pretreatment with IPG (6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle). Mesna (positive control; 80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered four hours before and eight hours after induction of cystitis. In the present study, IPG 25 mg/kg significantly decreased edema and hemorrhage, with a reduction of the bladder wet weight (36.86%), hemoglobin content (54.55%), and peritoneal vascular permeability (42.94%) in urinary bladders of mice. Interestingly, IPG increased SOD activity (89.27%) and reduced MDA levels (35.53%), as well as displayed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing TNF-α (88.77%), IL-1β (62.87%), and C-reactive protein (56.41%) levels. Our findings demonstrate that IPG has a substantial protective role against IFOS-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice by enhancing antioxidant activity and proinflammatory mechanisms. Thus, IPG represents a promising co-adjuvant agent in oxazaphosphorine-based chemotherapy treatments.
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Liu P, Wang W, Li Q, Hu X, Xu B, Wu C, Bai L, Ping L, Lan Z, Chen L. Methyl Gallate Improves Hyperuricemia Nephropathy Mice Through Inhibiting NLRP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:759040. [PMID: 34987391 PMCID: PMC8721208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN) is a form of chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation, caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the distal collecting duct and medullary interstitium, associated with a secondary inflammatory reaction. Numerous published reports indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome pathway play crucial roles in HN symptoms. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of methyl gallate on HN mice and the underlying mechanisms. An HN model was established by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxide (PO) to assess the effect of methyl gallate on renal histopathological changes, renal function, cytokine levels and expressions of NLRP3-related protein in HN mice. Moreover, in vitro models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were established to explore the mechanism of methyl gallate on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results showed that methyl gallate significantly ameliorated HN by inhibiting uric acid production and promoting uric acid excretion as well as ameliorating renal injury induced by NLRP3 activation. Mechanistically, methyl gallate is a direct NLRP3 inhibitor that inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation but has no effect on the activation of AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasomes in macrophages. Furthermore, methyl gallate inhibited the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasomes by blocking the ROS over-generation and oligomerization of NLRP3. Methyl gallate was also active ex vivo against ATP-treated PBMCs and synovial fluid mononuclear cells from patients with gout. In conclusion, methyl gallate has a nephroprotective effect against PO-induced HN through blocking the oligomerization of NLRP3 and then exerting anti-inflammatory activity in the NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyong Xu
- Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ping
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Ren YY, Zhang XR, Li TN, Zeng YJ, Wang J, Huang QW. Galla Chinensis, a Traditional Chinese Medicine: Comprehensive review of botany, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114247. [PMID: 34052353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Galla chinensis (GC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has a wide range of pharmacological properties which have been widely used for more than 1400 years. Based on shape, GC is divided into two groups: jiaobei and dubei. It is a bitter, sour, cold and astringent substance which is usually used for treating diarrhea, constipation, bleeding, cough, vomiting, sweating, hemorrhoids, and anal and uterine prolapse. It is distributed in Japan, North Korea, and all parts of China. AIM OF STUDY This study was aimed at carrying out a comprehensive overview of the current status of research on Galla chinensis (GC) for better understanding of it characteristics, while providing a clear direction for future studies. It has aroused the interest of researchers, leading to development of medicinal value, expansion of its application, and provision of wider and more effective drug choices. This study was focused on the traditional uses, botany, chemical composition, pharmacology and toxicology of GC. Finally, the study focused on possible future research directions for GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive analysis was done based on academic papers, pharmaceutical monographs, ancient medicinal works, and drug standards of China. This review used Galla and Galla chinensis as keywords for retrieval of information on GC from online databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SCI hub, and Baidu academic. RESULTS It was found that the chemical constituents of GC included tannins, phenolic acid, amino acids and fatty acid, with polyphenol compounds (especially tannins and gallic acid) as the distinct components. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that GC exerted numerous biological effects such as anti-caries, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. The therapeutic effect of GC was attributed mainly to the biological properties of its bioactive components. CONCLUSIONS GC is an important TCM which has potential benefit in the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, the relationship amongst the structure and biological activity of GC and its components, mechanism of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and target organs need to be further studied. Quality control and quality assurance programs for GC need to be further developed. There is need to study the dynamics associated with the accumulation of chemical compounds in GC as well as the original plants and aphid that form GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiao-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ting-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi-Jia Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Huang CY, Chang YJ, Wei PL, Hung CS, Wang W. Methyl gallate, gallic acid-derived compound, inhibit cell proliferation through increasing ROS production and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248521. [PMID: 33725002 PMCID: PMC7963062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for HCC. Methyl gallate (MG), from plant-derived phenolic gallic acid, has exhibited antitumor efficacy. However, the effect of MG on HCC is unclear. In vitro growth activity was detected by a sulforhodamine assay. A zebrafish xenotransplantation was applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of MG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, autophagy, and lysosome formation were detected by specific dyes. Finally, apoptosis was examined using annexin V-FITC/PI staining and western blot was performed to determine the molecular mechanism. It was demonstrated that MG treatment inhibited the proliferation of Hep3B, Mahlavu, and HepJ5 cells. Xenotransplantation also showed that MG inhibited the growth of Hep3B and HepJ5 cells. MG treatment increased cellular levels of superoxide and oxidative stress. Increases in autophagy and lysosome formation were found after MG treatment. The western blot analysis showed that MG activated cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (SDP ribose) polymerase (PARP), modulated levels of the Bcl2, Bax, and Bad ligands, and induced apoptosis. MG induced autophagy with notable activation of beclin-1, autophagy related 5+12 (ATG5+12), and conversion of light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to II. Our study showed that MG exposure inhibited HCC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. And blocking autophagy enhanced MG-induced cytotoxicity in HCC cells. These findings suggested MG might serve as a powerful therapeutic supplement for human HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YJC); (WW)
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Hung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weu Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YJC); (WW)
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de Souza P, Mariano LNB, Cechinel-Zanchett CC, Cechinel-Filho V. Promising Medicinal Plants with Diuretic Potential Used in Brazil: State of the Art, Challenges, and Prospects. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:24-37. [PMID: 32957146 DOI: 10.1055/a-1257-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. The knowledge of them is handed down from generation to generation and is described in several pharmacopoeia and in the general literature. The immense biodiversity of the Brazilian flora, covering about 25% of all plant species worldwide, makes Brazil a huge potential source of medicinal plants. Indeed, many of these plant species are already used in the Brazilian ethnopharmacology for their probable effect to induce diuresis, to reduce fluid retention, and to treat cardiovascular and renal disorders. This review article describes and discusses the main native Brazilian medicinal plants (including some of their isolated compounds) used as diuretics. It also gives a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies presented to date, as well as addressing a special topic with future prospects for plant species that have not yet been scientifically studied. In brief, several plants can be indicated for more detailed study, with a view to obtain scientific subsidies for a new and effective diuretic medicine in the future. These include Bauhinia forficata, Leandra dasytricha, and Tropaeolum majus. Other species have reputed medicinal properties but lack experimental assays to demonstrate their pharmacological effects (e.g., Mikania hirsutissima, Phyllanthus niruri, and Tagetes minuta). Several active principles are indicated as responsible for the diuretic effects of the plants studied, with emphasis on phenolic compounds as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and xanthones. These results should encourage more detailed preclinical, clinical, and phytochemical investigations on Brazilian plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
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Neamtu AA, Szoke-Kovacs R, Mihok E, Georgescu C, Turcus V, Olah NK, Frum A, Tita O, Neamtu C, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Cziaky Z, Mathe E. Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extracts Comparative Analysis Regarding Their Phytonutrient Profiles, Antioxidant Capacity along with the In Vivo Rescue Effects Tested on a Drosophila melanogaster High-Sugar Diet Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1067. [PMID: 33143302 PMCID: PMC7694118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) have been reported to hold a plentitude of health-promoting properties beyond basic nutrition, mainly attributed to their anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. In this article, we built the phytochemical profile of three wild bilberry fruit extract formulations (aqueous, methanolic, and hydro-methanolic) using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS putative analysis, identifying 88 individual phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids (total content 8.41 ± 0.11 mg QE/g dw), free amino acids, polyphenols (total content 21.68 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g dw), carboxylic acids, and vitamins. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed, reaching 78.03 ± 0.16% DPPH free radical scavenging activity, comparable to literature values determined for bilberry extracts of other origin. Due to the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and based on the reviewed benefits of bilberries, we tested the most potent formulation of our bilberry extracts in this biological context. The in vivo rescue effect of a bilberry extract supplemented diet on Drosophila melanogaster was assessed by monitoring biochemical and genomic markers. Hemolymph trehalose levels were halved upon addition of 3% hydro-methanolic bilberry extract to a high-sugar (1.5 M sucrose) diet, as compared to the non-supplemented high-sugar diet. Noteworthy, the rescue seen for flies kept on the bilberry extract supplemented high-sugar diet appeared to parallel the trehalose levels observed in the case of the control diet (50 mM sucrose) flies. Moreover, next to the trehalose-lowering type of in vivo effects, other gene expression related rescues were also detected for genes such as InR, Akh, AstA, AstC, Irk, Npc2g, and CCHa2 upon supplementation of the high-sugar diet with our hydro-methanolic bilberry fruit extract. Our findings suggest that such a bilberry fruit extract could generate physiological and genomic type of compensatory mechanisms so that further translational approaches would advance the understanding of some human specific pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Szoke-Kovacs
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Emoke Mihok
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Cecilia Georgescu
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania; (A.F.); (O.T.)
| | - Violeta Turcus
- Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania; (V.T.); (C.N.)
| | - Neli Kinga Olah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania;
| | - Adina Frum
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania; (A.F.); (O.T.)
| | - Ovidiu Tita
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania; (A.F.); (O.T.)
| | - Carmen Neamtu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania; (V.T.); (C.N.)
| | - Zsombor Szoke-Kovacs
- Doctoral School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Cziaky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyiregyhaza, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Endre Mathe
- Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania; (V.T.); (C.N.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Methyl gallate attenuates inflammation induced by Toll-like receptor ligands by inhibiting MAPK and NF-Κb signaling pathways. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1257-1270. [PMID: 33037469 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Methyl gallate (MG) is a prevalent polyphenol in the plant kingdom, which may be related to the effects of several medicinal plants. Although it is widely reported that polyphenols have therapeutic effects, there are few studies demonstrating that MG has anti-inflammatory action. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of MG and its effect on hyperalgesia. METHODS Swiss mice were pretreated orally with different doses of MG and subjected to i.pl. injection of zymosan to induce paw edema. RAW264.7 macrophages and BMDMs stimulated with different TLR agonists such as zymosan, LPS, or Pam3CSK4 were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MG RESULTS: MG inhibits zymosan-induced paw edema and hyperalgesia and modulates molecular pathways crucial for inflammation development. Pretreatment with MG inhibited cytokines production and NF-κB activity by RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with zymosan, Pam3CSK4 or LPS, but not with PMA. Moreover, pretreatment with MG decreased IκB degradation, nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, c-jun and c-fos and ERK1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that MG has a promising anti-inflammatory effect and suggests an explanation of its mechanism of action through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the MAPK pathway.
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12
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Galvez-Llompart M, Zanni R, Galvez J, Garcia-Domenech R. Molecular Topology QSAR Strategy for Crop Protection: New Natural Fungicides with Chitin Inhibitory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16358-16365. [PMID: 32685798 PMCID: PMC7364431 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, crop protection is a major concern and how to proceed is a delicate point of contention. New products must be safe and ecofriendly in accordance with the actual legislation. In this context, we present a quantitative structure-activity relationship strategy based on molecular topology as a tool for generating natural products as potential fungicides following a mechanism of action based on the synthesis of chitin inhibition (chitinase inhibition). Two discriminant equations using statistical linear discriminant analysis were used to identify three potential candidates (1-methylxanthine, hematommic acid, and antheraxanthin). The equations showed accuracy and specificity levels above 80%, minimizing the risk of selecting false active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galvez-Llompart
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Quimica, UPV-CSIC, Universidad
Politecnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia E-46022, Spain
- Molecular
Topology and Drug Design Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Departamento
de Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, Malaga 29071, Spain
- Molecular
Topology and Drug Design Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Jorge Galvez
- Molecular
Topology and Drug Design Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Domenech
- Molecular
Topology and Drug Design Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
- . Phone: +34-963544291
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13
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Xiao H, Wang J, Saul A, Smith SB. Comparison of Neuroprotective Effects of Monomethylfumarate to the Sigma 1 Receptor Ligand (+)-Pentazocine in a Murine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:5. [PMID: 32150247 PMCID: PMC7401726 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Activating the cell survival modulator sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R) delays cone photoreceptor cell loss in Pde6βrd10/J (rd10) mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa. Beneficial effects are abrogated in rd10 mice lacking NRF2, implicating NRF2 as essential to Sig1R-mediated cone neuroprotection. Here we asked whether activation of NRF2 alone is sufficient to rescue cones in rd10 mice. Methods Expression of antioxidant genes was evaluated in 661W cells and in mouse retinas after treatment with monomethylfumarate (MMF), a potent NRF2 activator. Rd10 mice were administered MMF (50 mg/kg) or the Sig1R ligand (+)-pentazocine (PTZ; 0.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (every other day, P14-42). Mice were evaluated for visual acuity (optokinetic tracking response), retinal function (electroretinography) and architecture (SD-OCT); histologic retinal sections were evaluated morphometrically. Results MMF treatment increased Nrf2, Nqo1, Cat, Sod1, and Hmox1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Visual acuity of (+)-PTZ-treated rd10 mice was similar to wild-type mice; however, MMF treatment did not alter acuity compared with nontreated rd10 mice. Cone electroretinography b-wave amplitudes were greater in PTZ-treated than nontreated or MMF-treated rd10 mice. SD-OCT assessment of retinal thickness was greater in (+)-PTZ-treated mice versus nontreated or MMF-treated rd10 mice. Morphometric assessment of the outer nuclear layer revealed approximately 18 cells/100 µm retinal length in (+)-PTZ-treated rd10 mice, but only approximately 10 to 12 cells/100 µm in MMF-treated and nontreated rd10 retinas. Conclusions Activation of NRF2 using MMF, at least at our dosing regimen, is insufficient to attenuate catastrophic photoreceptor damage characteristic of rd10 mice. The data prompt investigation of additional mechanisms involved in Sig1R-mediated retinal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xiao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
| | - Alan Saul
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia,United States
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14
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Root Bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Extract and Its Component Methyl Gallate Possess Peroxynitrite Scavenging Activity and Anti-inflammatory Properties through NF-κB Inhibition in LPS-treated Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193483. [PMID: 31557976 PMCID: PMC6804175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A peroxynitrite (ONOO−)-generating system induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine, was used to evaluate the ONOO− scavenging properties of plants that have been widely used as traditional medicine in Korea for the treatment of several diseases. The most effective medicinal plants were Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew, followed in order by Lonicera japonica Thunb., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, and Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. In addition, root bark of P. suffruticosa was partitioned with organic solvents of different polarities, and the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the strongest ONOO− scavenging activity. Methyl gallate, a plant-derived phenolic compound identified from the EtOAc fraction, exerted strong ONOO− scavenging activity. The in vivo therapeutic potential of methyl gallate was investigated using lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Oral administration of methyl gallate protected against acute renal injury and exhibited potential anti-inflammatory properties through an increase in antioxidant activity and decrease in nuclear factor-kappa B activity.
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15
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ul Ain N, Aslam Z, Yousuf M, Waseem WA, Bano S, Anis I, Ahmed F, Faizi S, Malik MI, Shah MR. Green synthesis of methyl gallate conjugated silver nanoparticles: a colorimetric probe for gentamicin. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04565h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient colorimetric sensor for gentamicin is proposed based on methyl gallate conjugated silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor ul Ain
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Zara Aslam
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | | | - Samina Bano
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Itrat Anis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry
- Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh
- Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi 75270
- Pakistan
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16
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Schlickmann F, de Souza P, Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Steimbach VMB, Krueger CDMA, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Cechinel-Filho V. Chemical composition and diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic effects of extracts of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze leaves and its majority constituent methyl gallate in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1615-1624. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Some species of the genus Mimosa showed promising results in previous investigations, which include diuretic effect; however, no chemical analyses or animal model has been conducted so far to evaluate the biological properties of M. bimucronata.
Methods
Male Wistar rats received the oral treatment with vehicle; hydrochlorothiazide; methanolic extract from M. bimucronata (MEMB), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions or methyl gallate (MG). The cumulative urine volume, electrolytes excretion, pH and osmolality were determined at the end of the experiment.
Key findings
The chemical studies demonstrated that the phenolic compounds are the majorities in the plant, with the MG being the main substance identified. We showed that MEMB and EA fraction, but not DCM, exhibited diuretic and saluretic effects. Similarly, the MG also revealed diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic properties to both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, fully prevented MG-induced diuresis and saluresis. In addition, MG did not alter the viability of A7r5 and L929 cell lines and neither stimulated nitric oxide generation.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that M. bimucronata extracts and its majority compound MG present diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic properties, which was dependent on the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabile Schlickmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa N B Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane M B Steimbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Clarissa de M A Krueger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa M da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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17
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Silva MMD, Iriguchi EK, Kassuya CAL, Vieira MDC, Foglio MA, Carvalho JED, Ruiz ALT, Souza KDP, Formagio AS. Schinus terebinthifolius : phenolic constituents and in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Mármol I, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Jiménez-Moreno N, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Therapeutic Applications of Rose Hips from Different Rosa Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061137. [PMID: 28587101 PMCID: PMC5485961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa species, rose hips, are widespread wild plants that have been traditionally used as medicinal compounds for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The therapeutic potential of these plants is based on its antioxidant effects caused by or associated with its phytochemical composition, which includes ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and healthy fatty acids among others. Over the last few years, medicinal interest in rose hips has increased as a consequence of recent research that has studied its potential application as a treatment for several diseases including skin disorders, hepatotoxicity, renal disturbances, diarrhoea, inflammatory disorders, arthritis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and cancer. In this review, the role of different species of Rosa in the prevention of treatment of various disorders related to oxidative stress, is examined, focusing on new therapeutic approaches from a molecular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
| | | | - Nerea Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
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19
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The genus Rosa and arthritis: Overview on pharmacological perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:219-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Correa LB, Pádua TA, Seito LN, Costa TEMM, Silva MA, Candéa ALP, Rosas EC, Henriques MG. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Methyl Gallate on Experimental Arthritis: Inhibition of Neutrophil Recruitment, Production of Inflammatory Mediators, and Activation of Macrophages. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1554-1566. [PMID: 27227459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) is a prevalent phenolic acid in the plant kingdom, and its presence in herbal medicines might be related to its remarkable biological effects, such as its antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. Although some indirect evidence suggests anti-inflammatory activity for MG, there are no studies demonstrating this effect in animal models. Herein, we demonstrated that MG (0.7-70 mg/kg) inhibited zymosan-induced experimental arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. The oral administration of MG (7 mg/kg) attenuates arthritis induced by zymosan, affecting edema formation, leukocyte migration, and the production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, LTB4, and PGE2). Pretreatment with MG inhibited in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis elicited by CXCL-1, as well as the adhesion of these cells to TNF-α-primed endothelial cells. MG also impaired zymosan-stimulated macrophages by inhibiting IL-6 and NO production, COX-2 and iNOS expression, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Thus, MG is likely to present an anti-inflammatory effect by targeting multiple cellular events such as the production of various inflammatory mediators, as well as leukocyte activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barbosa Correa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Almeida Pádua
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Noboru Seito
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thadeu Estevam Moreira Maramaldo Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luis Peixoto Candéa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cruz Rosas
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria G Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Angiomodulatory properties of Rhodiola spp. and other natural antioxidants. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:249-62. [PMID: 26557041 PMCID: PMC4637400 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.52839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of angiogenesis and oxidative stress can lead to many serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes or ischemic heart disease. Substances neutralizing oxidative stress are known as antioxidants. They can affect angiogenesis process also, and thus, they modulate therapy results. Antioxidants become more and more frequently used in order to maintain homeostasis of the organism and diminish the risk of disease. Herein, we introduce some antioxidant preparations of natural plant origin (Rhodiola, Aloe vera, Resveratrol, Echinacea, Plumbagin) and antioxidant supplements (Padma 28, Reumaherb, Resvega). Analyses of their angiogenic properties, their multidirectional molecular effect on angiogenesis as well as medical application are within the scope of this review. Most of presented preparations down regulate neovascularization. They can be safely administered to patients with abnormally high angiogenesis. Rhodiola modulates, and Echinacea, Aloe vera and Plumbagin inhibit tumour-related angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo (animal models). Resveratrol and Resvega reduce neovascularization in the eye and may be applicable in eye disorders. Padma 28 preparation exhibits angioregulatory activity, decreasing high angiogenesis of cancer cells and increasing physiological angiogenesis, therefore can be used in therapy of patients with various disturbances of angiogenesis. Antioxidant application in the case of angiogenesis-related diseases should take into consideration angiogenic status of the patient.
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Inhibition of Rat 5α-Reductase Activity and Testosterone-Induced Sebum Synthesis in Hamster Sebocytes by an Extract of Quercus acutissima Cortex. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:853846. [PMID: 25709710 PMCID: PMC4325551 DOI: 10.1155/2015/853846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Bokusoku (BK) is an extract from the Quercus cortex used in folk medicine for treatment of skin disorders and convergence, and is present in jumihaidokuto, a traditional Japanese medicine that is prescribed for purulent skin diseases like acne vulgaris. The excess of sebum production induced by androgen is involved in the development of acne. Our aim is to examine whether BK and its constituents inhibit testosterone metabolism and testosterone-induced sebum synthesis. Methods. Measurements of 5α-reductase activity and lipogenesis were performed using rat liver microsomes and hamster sebocytes, respectively. Results. BK dose-dependently reduced the conversion of testosterone to a more active androgen, dihydrotestosterone in a 5α-reductase enzymatic reaction. Twenty polyphenols in BK categorized as gallotannin, ellagitannin, and flavonoid were identified by LC-MS/MS. Nine polyphenols with gallate group, tetragalloyl glucose, pentagalloyl glucose, eugeniin, 1-desgalloyl eugeniin, casuarinin, castalagin, stenophyllanin C, (−)-epicatechin gallate, and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, inhibited testosterone metabolism. In particular, pentagalloyl glucose showed the strongest activity. BK and pentagalloyl glucose suppressed testosterone-induced lipogenesis, whereas they weakly inhibited the lipogenic action of insulin. Conclusions. BK inhibited androgen-related pathogenesis of acne, testosterone conversion, and sebum synthesis, partially through 5α-reductase inhibition, and has potential to be a useful agent in the therapeutic strategy of acne.
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In-vitro cytoprotective activity of Smilax zeylanica leaves against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in L-132 and BRL 3A cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-014-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Pal A, Fontanilla D, Gopalakrishnan A, Chae YK, Markley JL, Ruoho AE. The sigma-1 receptor protects against cellular oxidative stress and activates antioxidant response elements. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 682:12-20. [PMID: 22381068 PMCID: PMC3314091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors are associated with Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorders, and schizophrenia. These receptors show progrowth/antiapoptotic properties via their chaperoning functions to counteract ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress, to block neurodegeneration, and to regulate neuritogenesis. The sigma-1 receptor knock out mouse offered an opportunity to assess possible mechanisms by which the sigma-1 receptor modulates cellular oxidative stress. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic screening of the WT (wild type) and sigma-1 KO (knockout) livers was performed to investigate major changes in metabolites that are linked to oxidative stress. Significant changes in protein levels were also identified by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Increased levels of the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), and the ER chaperone BiP (GRP78) compared to WT littermates were detected. Oxidative stress was measured in WT and sigma-1 KO mouse liver homogenates, in primary hepatocytes and in lung homogenates. Furthermore, sigma-1 receptor mediated activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) to upregulate NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mRNA expression in COS cells was shown by RT PCR. These novel functions of the sigma-1 receptor were sensitive to well-known sigma ligands via their antagonist/agonist properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dominique Fontanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anupama Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Young-Kee Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - John L Markley
- Department of Biochemistry and NMRFAM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arnold E Ruoho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Habtemariam S. Methyl-3-O-methyl gallate and gallic acid from the leaves of Peltiphyllum peltatum: isolation and comparative antioxidant, prooxidant, and cytotoxic effects in neuronal cells. J Med Food 2011; 14:1412-8. [PMID: 21663488 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl-3-O-methyl gallate (M3MG) is a rare natural product with close structural similarity to gallic acid. In the present report, the isolation of M3MG from Peltiphyllum peltatum leaves and its comparative antioxidant, prooxidant, and cytotoxicity to neuronal SH-SY5Y cells are discussed. When tested in concentrations up to 1 mM, M3MG consistently showed antioxidant activity without prooxidant effect both in cell and cell-free assay models. In contrast to M3MG, gallic acid showed a copper-dependent prooxidant effect that resulted in DNA damage, increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. The identification of M3MG in P. peltatum leaves is furtherz evidence of the great antioxidant potential and nutritional value of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom.
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Djakpo O, Yao W. Rhus chinensis and Galla Chinensis--folklore to modern evidence: review. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1739-47. [PMID: 20564459 PMCID: PMC7167973 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The species Rhus chinensis Mill. (Anacardiaceae) is an important representative of the genus Rhus, which contains over 250 individual species found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. Rhus chinensis has long been used by folk medicine practitioners in Asia. Leaves, roots, stem, bark, fruit and particularly the galls on Rhus chinensis leaves, Galla chinensis, are recognized to have preventative and therapeutic effects on different ailments (such as diarrhea, dysentery, rectal and intestinal cancer, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, oral diseases and inflammation). However, it is critical to separate evidence from anecdote. Fortunately, recent scientific research has revealed that Rhus chinensis compounds possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Moreover, compounds isolated from the stem of Rhus chinensis significantly suppressed HIV-1 activity in vitro. Compounds from this plant were also found to inhibit enamel demineralization in vitro and enhance remineralization of dental enamel with fluoride. This review highlights claims from traditional and tribal medicinal lore and makes a contemporary summary of phytochemical, biological and pharmacological findings on this plant material. It aims to show that the pharmaceutical potential of this plant deserves closer attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon Djakpo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Food Safety and Quality Control Laboratory, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
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Crispo JAG, Ansell DR, Piche M, Eibl JK, Khaper N, Ross GM, Tai TC. Protective effects of polyphenolic compounds on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:429-38. [PMID: 20555411 DOI: 10.1139/y09-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the beneficial properties associated with polyphenols, we screened 12 polyphenols for their ability to increase the viability of PC12 cells subjected to oxidative stress via CoCl2 and H2O2. Cell viability data demonstrate that 50 micromol/L methyl gallate and 50 micromol/L fisetin significantly increase viability of H2O2-stressed cells. Further, viability data suggest that 100 micromol/L epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) increases basal viability, but has no rescue effect on cells stressed with CoCl2 or H2O2. Analysis of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) shows that EGCG, methyl gallate, and gallic acid are effective in reducing CoCl2-derived ROS, and that methyl gallate is effective in attenuating H2O2-derived ROS. Examination of nitric oxide concentrations shows that methyl gallate significantly increases nitric oxide, both in nonstressed and H2O2-stressed cells, whereas EGCG results are consistent with the scavenging of nitric oxide under nonstressed and stressed conditions. Furthermore, analysis of total glutathione levels reveals that EGCG, methyl gallate, and gallic acid pretreatments with and without H2O2 stress have the ability to significantly alter glutathione metabolism. These findings suggest that EGCG, methyl gallate, and gallic acid may have potential therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A G Crispo
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Lu RL, Hu FL, Xia T. Activity-Guided Isolation and Identification of Radical Scavenging Components in Gao-Cha Tea. J Food Sci 2010; 75:H239-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Larrosa M, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Ellagitannins, ellagic acid and vascular health. Mol Aspects Med 2010; 31:513-39. [PMID: 20837052 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins are phenolic phytochemicals that show high antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities. For this reason their potential effects preventing oxidative related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, have been largely studied. In vitro studies show that ellagitannins, at concentrations in the range 10-100 μM, show some relevant anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects, supporting the molecular mechanisms for the vascular health benefits. While there is good evidence supporting the vascular effects in vitro, the evidence on animal models or humans is much scarcer. The in vitro results often do not match the findings in the in vivo studies. This could be explained by the low bioavailability of the antioxidant ellagitannins and ellagic acid. The main ellagitannin metabolites circulating in plasma are ellagic acid microbiota metabolites known as urolithins, and they have lost their free-radical scavenging activity. They are present in plasma as glucuronide or sulphate conjugates, at concentrations in the nM range. Future studies should focus in the bioavailable metabolites, urolithins, and in the form (conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulphate) and concentrations (nM range) in which they are found in plasma. In this review we critically discuss the role of ellagitannins and ellagic acid on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia 30100, Spain
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Madlener S, Saiko P, Vonach C, Viola K, Huttary N, Stark N, Popescu R, Gridling M, Vo NTP, Herbacek I, Davidovits A, Giessrigl B, Venkateswarlu S, Geleff S, Jäger W, Grusch M, Kerjaschki D, Mikulits W, Golakoti T, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T, Krupitza G. Multifactorial anticancer effects of digalloyl-resveratrol encompass apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and inhibition of lymphendothelial gap formation in vitro. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1361-70. [PMID: 20424615 PMCID: PMC2865764 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Digalloyl-resveratrol (di-GA) is a synthetic compound aimed to combine the biological effects of the plant polyhydroxy phenols gallic acid and resveratrol, which are both radical scavengers and cyclooxygenase inhibitors exhibiting anticancer activity. Their broad spectrum of activities may probably be due to adjacent free hydroxyl groups. Methods: Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. Results: In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. Furthermore, di-GA inhibited the generation of lymphendothelial gaps by cancer cell spheroid-secreted lipoxygenase metabolites. Lymphendothelial gaps, adjacent to tumour bulks, can be considered as gates facilitating metastatic spread. Conclusion: These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madlener
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rhim JH, Jang IS, Kwon ST, Song KY, Yeo EJ, Park SC. Activation of Wound Healing in Aged Rats by Altering the Cellular Mitogenic Potential. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:704-11. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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32
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Crispo JAG, Piché M, Ansell DR, Eibl JK, Tai IT, Kumar A, Ross GM, Tai TC. Protective effects of methyl gallate on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:773-8. [PMID: 20171161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a class of diseases that have been linked to apoptosis induced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS activates the apoptotic cascade through mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Recently, fruit and tea-derived polyphenols have been found to be beneficial in decreasing oxidative stress and increasing overall health. Further, polyphenols including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported to inhibit apoptotic signaling and increase neural cell survival. In an effort to better understand the beneficial properties associated with polyphenol consumption, the aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of EGCG, methyl gallate (MG), gallic acid (GA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and elucidate potential protective mechanisms. Cell viability data demonstrates that MG and NAC pre-treatments significantly increase viability of H(2)O(2)-stressed cells, while pre-treatments with EGCG and GA exacerbates stress. Quantitation of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential shows that MG pre-treatment prevents mitochondria depolarization, however does not inhibit apoptosis and is thus evidence that MG can inhibit mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Subsequent analysis of DNA degradation and caspase activation reveals that MG inhibits activation of caspase 9 and has a partial inhibitory effect on DNA degradation. These findings confirm the involvement of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis and suggest that MG may have potential therapeutic properties against mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A G Crispo
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Han SY, Chang EJ, Choi HJ, Kwak CS, Suh SI, Bae JH, Park SB, Kim HC, Mun KC. Effect of tacrolimus on the production of oxygen free radicals in hepatic mitochondria. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2242-3. [PMID: 16980054 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclosporine (CsA) causes side effects that occur mainly in the kidney but also in the liver. Several reports have strongly suggested that the production of oxygen free radicals (OFRs) is a common mechanism of CsA toxicity. However, tacrolimus is believed to suppress the production of OFRs. METHODS We obtained the mitochondrial fraction with 96% purity from rat liver using a sucrose density gradient solution. Zero to 100 micromol/L tacrolimus was incubated with the mitochondrial fraction for 6 hours at 37 degrees C. OFRs were evaluated by measuring the fluorescent product from the oxidation of an oxidant-sensitive 2,7-dichlorefluorescein using a VICTOR3 multilabel counter. RESULTS The fluorescence units for OFR production were increased as the time of exposure to tacrolimus passed from 1 to 6 hours. The fluorescence units in 0.1 micromol/L tacrolimus were 6.0 x 10(5) at 1 hour, 7.8 x 10(5) at 2 hours, 9.0 x 10(5) at 3 hours, 10.0 x 10(5) at 4 hours, 11.1 x 10(5) at 5 hours, and 11.4 x 10(5) at 6 hours. However, the fluorescence units were similar although the tacrolimus concentration increases from 0.1 to 100 micromol/L. CONCLUSIONS The results in this experiment suggested that tacrolimus induced the production of OFRs depending on the exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Han
- Dongsan Kidney Institute and Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dong San Dong, Daegu 700-712, Korea
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Han SY, Chang EJ, Choi HJ, Nam SI, Lee NH, Kwak CS, Park SB, Kim HC, Mun KC. Total antioxidant status and oxygen free radicals during hepatic regeneration. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2214-5. [PMID: 16980046 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The damage induced by oxygen free radicals (OFRs) is caused by an imbalance of the production of versus the antioxidant defenses against OFRs. METHODS To understand hepatic damage induced by oxygen free radicals after hepatectomy in rats, total antioxidant status and total production of oxygen free radicals were serially measured in regeneration liver. At 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 days after hepatectomy of Sprague-Dawley rats, blood was obtained into a capillary tube from a tail vein. Total antioxidant status and total production of oxygen free radicals were measured using the Randox kit, a colorimetric method, and the Free Radical Analytical System. We also measured the amount of malonyldialdehyde, which provides an indirect index of oxidative injury. RESULTS The level of malonyldialdehyde after hepatectomy was higher compared with that before hepatectomy. The level of total oxygen free radicals after hepatectomy was higher compared with that before hepatectomy. Total antioxidant status after hepatectomy was lower compared with that before hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the damage by OFRs to the regenerating liver was caused by increased production of OFRs and decreased antioxidant defense against OFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Han
- Dongsan Kidney Institute and Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dong San Dong, Daegu 700-712, Korea
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Han SY, Mun KC, Choi HJ, Kwak CS, Bae JH, Suh SI, Park SB, Kim HC, Chang EJ. Effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on the oxidative stress in cultured mesangial cells. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2240-1. [PMID: 16980053 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are two primary immunosuppressive agents used for the prevention of graft rejection. However, their use is associated with significant side effects, most notably nephrotoxicity. The mechanisms of this toxicity are not fully understood, but they seem to be associated with increases in the production of oxygen free radicals (OFRs). This present work examined the effect of CsA and Tac on the production of OFRs in cultured rat renal mesangial cells (RMCs). METHODS Varying concentrations of CsA and Tac (0 to 40 micromol/L) were added to RMCs and incubated for 60 minutes at 37 degrees C. The production of OFRs was evaluated by measuring the fluorescent product from the oxidation of an oxidant-sensitive 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin. RESULTS At 60 minutes, the relative fluorescence units (RFU) for OFRs production in RMCs exposure to CsA were increased by 2.5%, 11.5%, 22.5%, 57.2%, and 174% at 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L, respectively. Tac increased the RFU by 15.9%, 13.6%, 14.8%, 13.2%, 21.4%, 13.2%, and 28.1% at 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L, respectively. In RMCs, the RFU produced by CsA was higher than that by Tac. CONCLUSIONS The results of this experiment suggest that CsA and Tac induced renal injury by OFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Han
- Dongsan Kidney Institute and Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dong San Dong, Daegu 700-712, Korea
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Kim SJ, Jin M, Lee E, Moon TC, Quan Z, Yang JH, Son KH, Kim KU, Son JK, Chang HW. Effects of methyl gallate on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes: Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:874-8. [PMID: 17121182 DOI: 10.1007/bf02973908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) is a medicinal herbal product that is isolated from Paeonia lactiflora that inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent phases of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 values of 17.0 microM. This compound also found inhibited the COX-2-dependent conversion of the exogenous arachidonic acid to PGD2 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 values of 19.0 microM, using a COX enzyme assay kit. However, at concentrations up to 80 microM, MG did not inhibit COX-2 protein expression in BMMC, indicating that MG inhibits COX-2 activity directly. Furthermore, MG consistently inhibited the production of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in a dose dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 5.3 microM. These results demonstrate that MG has a dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity, which might provide the basis for novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jong Kim
- Research Institute of Natural Product Kyongbuk Provincial A T A, Uisung 769-803, Korea
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