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Augustijnen H, Bätscher L, Cesanek M, Chkhartishvili T, Dincă V, Iankoshvili G, Ogawa K, Vila R, Klopfstein S, de Vos JM, Lucek K. A macroevolutionary role for chromosomal fusion and fission in Erebia butterflies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0989. [PMID: 38630820 PMCID: PMC11023530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia, one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny and used state-dependent birth-death models to infer trajectories of karyotype evolution. We demonstrated that rates of anagenetic chromosomal changes (i.e., along phylogenetic branches) exceed cladogenetic changes (i.e., at speciation events), but, when cladogenetic changes occur, they are mostly associated with chromosomal fissions rather than fusions. We found that the relative importance of fusion and fission differs among Erebia clades of different ages and that especially in younger, more karyotypically diverse clades, speciation is more frequently associated with cladogenetic chromosomal changes. Overall, our results imply that chromosomal fusions and fissions have contrasting macroevolutionary roles and that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements are associated with bursts of species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livio Bätscher
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Cesanek
- Slovak Entomological Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 1, Slovakia
| | | | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Kota Ogawa
- Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Insect Sciences and Creative Entomology Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jurriaan M. de Vos
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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2
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Lucek K, Giménez MD, Joron M, Rafajlović M, Searle JB, Walden N, Westram AM, Faria R. The Impact of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Speciation: From Micro- to Macroevolution. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041447. [PMID: 37604585 PMCID: PMC10626258 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) have been known since almost the beginning of genetics. While an important role for CRs in speciation has been suggested, evidence primarily stems from theoretical and empirical studies focusing on the microevolutionary level (i.e., on taxon pairs where speciation is often incomplete). Although the role of CRs in eukaryotic speciation at a macroevolutionary level has been supported by associations between species diversity and rates of evolution of CRs across phylogenies, these findings are limited to a restricted range of CRs and taxa. Now that more broadly applicable and precise CR detection approaches have become available, we address the challenges in filling some of the conceptual and empirical gaps between micro- and macroevolutionary studies on the role of CRs in speciation. We synthesize what is known about the macroevolutionary impact of CRs and suggest new research avenues to overcome the pitfalls of previous studies to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary significance of CRs in speciation across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lucek
- Biodiversity Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mabel D Giménez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Genética Humana de Misiones (IGeHM), Parque de la Salud de la Provincia de Misiones "Dr. Ramón Madariaga," N3300KAZ Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nora Walden
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Marie Westram
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado;
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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3
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Santander MD, Maronna MM, Ryan JF, Andrade SCS. The state of Medusozoa genomics: current evidence and future challenges. Gigascience 2022; 11:6586816. [PMID: 35579552 PMCID: PMC9112765 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medusozoa is a widely distributed ancient lineage that harbors one-third of Cnidaria diversity divided into 4 classes. This clade is characterized by the succession of stages and modes of reproduction during metagenic lifecycles, and includes some of the most plastic body plans and life cycles among animals. The characterization of traditional genomic features, such as chromosome numbers and genome sizes, was rather overlooked in Medusozoa and many evolutionary questions still remain unanswered. Modern genomic DNA sequencing in this group started in 2010 with the publication of the Hydra vulgaris genome and has experienced an exponential increase in the past 3 years. Therefore, an update of the state of Medusozoa genomics is warranted. We reviewed different sources of evidence, including cytogenetic records and high-throughput sequencing projects. We focused on 4 main topics that would be relevant for the broad Cnidaria research community: (i) taxonomic coverage of genomic information; (ii) continuity, quality, and completeness of high-throughput sequencing datasets; (iii) overview of the Medusozoa specific research questions approached with genomics; and (iv) the accessibility of data and metadata. We highlight a lack of standardization in genomic projects and their reports, and reinforce a series of recommendations to enhance future collaborative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena D Santander
- Correspondence address. Mylena D. Santander, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade São Paulo, 277 Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Maximiliano M Maronna
- Correspondence address. Maximiliano M. Maronna, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 101 Rua do Matão Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Joseph F Ryan
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA,Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade São Paulo, 277 Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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Lucek K, Augustijnen H, Escudero M. A holocentric twist to chromosomal speciation? Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:655-662. [PMID: 35484024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements trigger speciation by acting as barriers to gene flow. However, the underlying theory was developed with monocentric chromosomes in mind. Holocentric chromosomes, lacking a centromeric region, have repeatedly evolved and account for a significant fraction of extant biodiversity. Because chromosomal rearrangements may be more likely retained in holocentric species, holocentricity could provide a twist to chromosomal speciation. Here, we discuss how the abundance of chromosome-scale genomes, combined with novel analytical tools, offer the opportunity to assess the impacts of chromosomal rearrangements on rates of speciation by outlining a phylogenetic framework that aligns with the two major lines of chromosomal speciation theory. We further highlight how holocentric species could help to test for causal roles of chromosomal rearrangements in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes, ES-41012 Seville, Spain
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Ramos L, Antunes A. Decoding sex: Elucidating sex determination and how high-quality genome assemblies are untangling the evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes. Genomics 2022; 114:110277. [PMID: 35104609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is a diverse and widespread process. In gonochoristic species, the differentiation of sexes occurs through diverse mechanisms, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. In most vertebrates, a master-switch gene is responsible for triggering a sex determination network. However, only a few genes have acquired master-switch functions, and this process is associated with the evolution of sex-chromosomes, which have a significant influence in evolution. Additionally, their highly repetitive regions impose challenges for high-quality sequencing, even using high-throughput, state-of-the-art techniques. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in sex determination and their role in the evolution of species, particularly vertebrates, focusing on sex chromosomes and the challenges involved in sequencing these genomic elements. We also address the improvements provided by the growth of sequencing projects, by generating a massive number of near-gapless, telomere-to-telomere, chromosome-level, phased assemblies, increasing the number and quality of sex-chromosome sequences available for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ramos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Venturelli NB, Takagui FH, Pompeo LRS, Rodriguez MS, da Rosa R, Giuliano-Caetano L. Cytogenetic markers to understand chromosome diversification and conflicting taxonomic issues in Rineloricaria (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Rio Grande do Sul coastal drainages. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Román-Palacios C, Medina CA, Zhan SH, Barker MS. Animal chromosome counts reveal a similar range of chromosome numbers but with less polyploidy in animals compared to flowering plants. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1333-1339. [PMID: 34101952 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie chromosome evolution could provide insights into the processes underpinning the origin, persistence and evolutionary tempo of lineages. Here, we present the first database of chromosome counts for animals (the Animal Chromosome Count database, ACC) summarizing chromosome numbers for ~15,000 species. We found remarkable a similarity in the distribution of chromosome counts between animals and flowering plants. Nevertheless, the similarity in the distribution of chromosome numbers between animals and plants is likely to be explained by different drivers. For instance, we found that while animals and flowering plants exhibit similar frequencies of speciation-related changes in chromosome number, plant speciation is more often related to changes in ploidy. By leveraging the largest data set of chromosome counts for animals, we describe a previously undocumented pattern across the Tree of Life-animals and flowering plants show remarkably similar distributions of haploid chromosome numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar A Medina
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shing H Zhan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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8
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Grzywacz B, Skórka P. Genome size versus geographic range size in birds. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10868. [PMID: 33614292 PMCID: PMC7881720 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do some species occur in small, restricted areas, while others are distributed globally? Environmental heterogeneity increases with area and so does the number of species. Hence, diverse biotic and abiotic conditions across large ranges may lead to specific adaptations that are often linked to a species' genome size and chromosome number. Therefore, a positive association between genome size and geographic range is anticipated. Moreover, high cognitive ability in organisms would be favored by natural selection to cope with the dynamic conditions within large geographic ranges. Here, we tested these hypotheses in birds-the most mobile terrestrial vertebrates-and accounted for the effects of various confounding variables, such as body mass, relative brain mass, and geographic latitude. Using phylogenetic generalized least squares and phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis, we demonstrated that range size is positively associated with bird genome size but probably not with chromosome number. Moreover, relative brain mass had no effect on range size, whereas body mass had a possible weak and negative effect, and range size was larger at higher geographic latitudes. However, our models did not fully explain the overall variation in range size. Hence, natural selection may impose larger genomes in birds with larger geographic ranges, although there may be additional explanations for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Grzywacz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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9
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de Vos JM, Augustijnen H, Bätscher L, Lucek K. Speciation through chromosomal fusion and fission in Lepidoptera. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190539. [PMID: 32654638 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in chromosome numbers may strongly affect reproductive barriers, because individuals heterozygous for distinct karyotypes are typically expected to be at least partially sterile or to show reduced recombination. Therefore, several classic speciation models are based on chromosomal changes. One import mechanism generating variation in chromosome numbers is fusion and fission of existing chromosomes, which is particularly likely in species with holocentric chromosomes, i.e. chromosomes that lack a single centromere. Holocentric chromosomes evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, including in Lepidoptera. Although changes in chromosome numbers are hypothesized to be an important driver of the spectacular diversification of Lepidoptera, comparative studies across the order are lacking. We performed the first comprehensive literature survey of karyotypes for Lepidoptera species since the 1970s and tested if, and how, chromosomal variation might affect speciation. Even though a meta-analysis of karyological differences between closely related taxa did not reveal an effect on the degree of reproductive isolation, phylogenetic diversification rate analyses across the 16 best-covered genera indicated a strong, positive association of rates of chromosome number evolution and speciation. These findings suggest a macroevolutionary impact of varying chromosome numbers in Lepidoptera and likely apply to other taxonomic groups, especially to those with holocentric chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurriaan M de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livio Bätscher
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Ostevik KL, Samuk K, Rieseberg LH. Ancestral Reconstruction of Karyotypes Reveals an Exceptional Rate of Nonrandom Chromosomal Evolution in Sunflower. Genetics 2020; 214:1031-1045. [PMID: 32033968 PMCID: PMC7153943 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping the chromosomal rearrangements between species can inform our understanding of genome evolution, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Here, we present a novel algorithm for identifying regions of synteny in pairs of genetic maps, which is implemented in the accompanying R package syntR. The syntR algorithm performs as well as previous ad hoc methods while being systematic, repeatable, and applicable to mapping chromosomal rearrangements in any group of species. In addition, we present a systematic survey of chromosomal rearrangements in the annual sunflowers, which is a group known for extreme karyotypic diversity. We build high-density genetic maps for two subspecies of the prairie sunflower, Helianthus petiolaris ssp. petiolaris and H. petiolaris ssp. fallax Using syntR, we identify blocks of synteny between these two subspecies and previously published high-density genetic maps. We reconstruct ancestral karyotypes for annual sunflowers using those synteny blocks and conservatively estimate that there have been 7.9 chromosomal rearrangements per million years, a high rate of chromosomal evolution. Although the rate of inversion is even higher than the rate of translocation in this group, we further find that every extant karyotype is distinguished by between one and three translocations involving only 8 of the 17 chromosomes. This nonrandom exchange suggests that specific chromosomes are prone to translocation and may thus contribute disproportionately to widespread hybrid sterility in sunflowers. These data deepen our understanding of chromosome evolution and confirm that Helianthus has an exceptional rate of chromosomal rearrangement that may facilitate similarly rapid diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Ostevik
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kieran Samuk
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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11
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Upham NS, Esselstyn JA, Jetz W. Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000494. [PMID: 31800571 PMCID: PMC6892540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Big, time-scaled phylogenies are fundamental to connecting evolutionary processes to modern biodiversity patterns. Yet inferring reliable phylogenetic trees for thousands of species involves numerous trade-offs that have limited their utility to comparative biologists. To establish a robust evolutionary timescale for all approximately 6,000 living species of mammals, we developed credible sets of trees that capture root-to-tip uncertainty in topology and divergence times. Our "backbone-and-patch" approach to tree building applies a newly assembled 31-gene supermatrix to two levels of Bayesian inference: (1) backbone relationships and ages among major lineages, using fossil node or tip dating, and (2) species-level "patch" phylogenies with nonoverlapping in-groups that each correspond to one representative lineage in the backbone. Species unsampled for DNA are either excluded ("DNA-only" trees) or imputed within taxonomic constraints using branch lengths drawn from local birth-death models ("completed" trees). Joining time-scaled patches to backbones results in species-level trees of extant Mammalia with all branches estimated under the same modeling framework, thereby facilitating rate comparisons among lineages as disparate as marsupials and placentals. We compare our phylogenetic trees to previous estimates of mammal-wide phylogeny and divergence times, finding that (1) node ages are broadly concordant among studies, and (2) recent (tip-level) rates of speciation are estimated more accurately in our study than in previous "supertree" approaches, in which unresolved nodes led to branch-length artifacts. Credible sets of mammalian phylogenetic history are now available for download at http://vertlife.org/phylosubsets, enabling investigations of long-standing questions in comparative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S. Upham
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Biodiversity & Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jacob A. Esselstyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Biodiversity & Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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12
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Blackmon H, Justison J, Mayrose I, Goldberg EE. Meiotic drive shapes rates of karyotype evolution in mammals. Evolution 2019; 73:511-523. [PMID: 30690715 PMCID: PMC6590138 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome number is perhaps the most basic characteristic of a genome, yet generalizations that can explain the evolution of this trait across large clades have remained elusive. Using karyotype data from over 1000 mammals, we developed and applied a phylogenetic model of chromosome evolution that links chromosome number changes with karyotype morphology. Using our model, we infer that rates of chromosome number evolution are significantly lower in species with karyotypes that consist of either all bibrachial or all monobrachial chromosomes than in species with a mix of both types of morphologies. We suggest that species with homogeneous karyotypes may represent cases where meiotic drive acts to stabilize the karyotype, favoring the chromosome morphologies already present in the genome. In contrast, rapid bouts of chromosome number evolution in taxa with mixed karyotypes may indicate that a switch in the polarity of female meiotic drive favors changes in chromosome number. We do not find any evidence that karyotype morphology affects rates of speciation or extinction. Furthermore, we document that switches in meiotic drive polarity are likely common and have occurred in most major clades of mammals, and that rapid remodeling of karyotypes may be more common than once thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Blackmon
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Joshua Justison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Emma E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108
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13
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Sclavi B, Herrick J. Genome size variation and species diversity in salamanders. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:278-286. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Herrick
- Department of Physics; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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14
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de Sotero-Caio CG, Cabral-de-Mello DC, Calixto MDS, Valente GT, Martins C, Loreto V, de Souza MJ, Santos N. Centromeric enrichment of LINE-1 retrotransposons and its significance for the chromosome evolution of Phyllostomid bats. Chromosome Res 2017; 25:313-325. [PMID: 28916913 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-017-9565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquitous incidence, little is known about the chromosomal distribution of long interspersed elements (LINEs) in mammalian genomes. Phyllostomid bats, characterized by lineages with distinct trends of chromosomal evolution coupled with remarkable ecological and taxonomic diversity, represent good models to understand how these repetitive sequences contribute to the evolution of genome architecture and its link to lineage diversification. To test the hypothesis that LINE-1 sequences were important modifiers of bat genome architecture, we characterized the distribution of LINE-1-derived sequences on genomes of 13 phyllostomid species within a phylogenetic framework. We found massive accumulation of LINE-1 elements in the centromeres of most species: a rare phenomenon on mammalian genomes. We hypothesize that expansion of these elements has occurred early in the radiation of phyllostomids and recurred episodically. LINE-1 expansions on centromeric heterochromatin probably spurred chromosomal change before the radiation of phyllostomids into the extant 11 subfamilies and contributed to the high degree of karyotypic variation observed among different lineages. Understanding centromere architecture in a variety of taxa promises to explain how lineage-specific changes on centromere structure can contribute to karyotypic diversity while not disrupting functional constraints for proper cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Gomes de Sotero-Caio
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal e Humana, UFPE-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia s/n; Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP:50740-600, Brazil. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia, Grupo de Estudos em Citogenômica e Evolução Animal, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Merilane da Silva Calixto
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal e Humana, UFPE-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia s/n; Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP:50740-600, Brazil.,Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Biológicas, UFCG-Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Targino Valente
- Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Martins
- Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vilma Loreto
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal e Humana, UFPE-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia s/n; Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP:50740-600, Brazil
| | - Maria José de Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal e Humana, UFPE-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia s/n; Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP:50740-600, Brazil
| | - Neide Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal e Humana, UFPE-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia s/n; Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP:50740-600, Brazil
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