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Gao Y, Min YI, Bell RA, Bertoni AG, Correa A. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of variations of anthropometric measures of obesity with age in the Jackson Heart Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069127. [PMID: 37479517 PMCID: PMC10364166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how anthropometric measures of obesity vary with age among African American (AA) adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3634 AA adults participated in the Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, Mississippi, USA) from 2004 to 2013. OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). METHODS Linear regression models were used to estimate the mean differences in anthropometric measures cross-sectionally by age group. Longitudinal changes in anthropometric measures over time (ie, the ageing effect) within each sex and age group were analysed using mixed effects models. All regression models were adjusted for education and lifestyle factors. RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis, older age was associated with lower BMI, WC and WHtR, but higher WHR in both sexes. Compared with 25 to <44 years age group, the mean (95% CI) BMI, WC and WHtR was 0.80 (0.66 to 0.94), 0.27 (0.13 to 0.42) and 0.18 (0.03 to 0.32) standardised (SD) unit lower, while WHR was 0.48 (0.33 to 0.62) SD unit higher in the 75+ years age group. In longitudinal analysis, ageing was associated with increased BMI, WC and WHtR, among younger age groups but not in older age groups. However, WHR tended to increase with ageing across all age groups in both sexes. Among men 75+ years old, the mean change (95% CI) in BMI, WC and WHtR for every 5 years increase in age, was -0.20 (-0.29 to -0.11), -0.19 (-0.31 to -0.07), -0.15 (-0.27 to -0.02) SD unit, respectively, while it was 0.24 (0.05 to 0.44) SD unit for WHR. CONCLUSIONS Among middle-aged AA adults, all four anthropometric measures of obesity examined increased with ageing. However, among elderly AA adults, only WHR showed continued increase with ageing. WHR may be a better anthropometric measure for monitoring obesity in older AA adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yuan-I Min
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Ono M, Miyamoto T, Fuseya C, Asaka R, Ando H, Tanaka Y, Shinagawa M, Yokokawa Y, Takeuchi H, Horiuchi A, Shiozawa T. Anti-tumor effect of Wasabi component, 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate, against endometrial carcinoma cells. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:9. [PMID: 36689027 PMCID: PMC9871149 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wasabi is a traditional plant seasoning with an anti-septic function. Recent studies revealed several functions of Wasabi, such as anti-inflammation; however, the anti-tumor effect against endometrial carcinoma (EMC) cells has not been examined. In the present study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC), a major chemical compound of Wasabi, against various EMC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The effect of 6-MITC on cell viability was measured by the WST-1 assay in EMC and HUVEC cells. The impact of 6-MITC oral administration in nude mice was measured to assess the growth of the EMC xenograft and natural killer (NK) cell activity in the spleen. RESULTS The addition of 6-MITC suppressed the proliferation of EMC cells (Ishikawa, HEC265, HEC108, KLE, and HEC1B) dose-dependently, but not HUVEC cells. 6-MITC (5 µM) enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of EMC cells. 6-MITC induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion in EMC cells other than HEC1B cells and was associated with increased expression of cleaved-caspase3 and decreased expression of BCL2. Oral administration of 6-MITC (2 and 4 µmol/kg) to Ishikawa and HEC1B xenografting mice resulted in a reduced tumor volume compared with the control (P < 0.05, 4 µmol/kg). Immunohistochemical staining of resected tumors revealed increased expression of Ki-67 and reduced cleaved-caspase3. Furthermore, 6-MITC treatment enhanced NK cell activity, especially when administered before tumor xenografting. CONCLUSION These results indicate that 6-MITC has a marked anti-tumor effect against EMC cells and a novel effect to enhance NK cell activity. These effects suggest the therapeutic potential of 6-MITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Chiho Fuseya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Manaka Shinagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokokawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hodaka Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akiko Horiuchi
- Horiuchi Ladies Clinic, 1-16-3 Tsukama, Matsumoto, 390-0821, Japan
| | - Tanri Shiozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Mehta M, Izurieta R, Nishio A, Horita R, Yamamoto M. Nutritional intake and metabolic parameters of Japanese university students with and without obesity: Sex-specific differences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285088. [PMID: 37134079 PMCID: PMC10155953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish effective methods of obesity prevention among young adults, we analyzed the relationship between obesity-related food intake and metabolic factors in Japanese university students. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of nutrient intake information and metabolic parameters among 1,206 Gifu University students categorized by body mass index. RESULTS The overweight/obesity rate was significantly higher in males. Additionally, among males, the intake of protein, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, all lipids/fats, and all metabolic parameters including blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure significantly differed between the obese and non-obese groups. However, the same comparison among females revealed no significant differences in nutrient intake and significant differences in only half of the parameters. Among males, energy intake from protein and fat was significantly higher in the obese group, while the percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates and fat was lower and higher, respectively, among females in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS Overeating of protein and fat in males and unbalanced nutrition in females are sex-specific characteristics of Japanese university students with obesity, and metabolic abnormalities in students with obesity are more remarkable in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Mehta
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Izurieta
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Akihiro Nishio
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Horita
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Effect of Mid-Adolescent Dietary Practices on Eating Behaviors and Attitudes in Adulthood. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010225. [PMID: 36615881 PMCID: PMC9823809 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to clarify the association of mid-adolescent dietary practices and experiences with adult eating behavior and attitudes using individual data from the "Survey of Attitudes toward Shokuiku (food and nutrition education), 2019" put forth by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. We applied conditional mixed-process models to estimate the parameters simultaneously, and used them to predict current eating consciousness, current eating behaviors in a balanced diet, dietary behavior, and attitudes toward preventing or improving lifestyle-related diseases as dependent variables. As a result, compared to those who did not have good dietary practices and experiences in mid-adolescence, participants who had good dietary practices and experiences in the same period displayed greater interest in practicing a healthier diet. These participants frequently consumed a combination of staple foods, main dishes, and side dishes, and were more concerned about preventing or improving lifestyle-related diseases. In conclusion, mid-adolescent dietary practices and experiences had a lasting influence on adult eating behaviors and attitudes in Japanese participants.
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Koh G, Sekine M, Yamada M, Fujimura Y, Tatsuse T. Neighbourhood walkability and obesity among adults in rural Japan: results from a Japanese health database. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:e467-e474. [PMID: 34387690 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walkable neighbourhoods promote physical activity and prevent obesity, but there is limited evidence to inform urban planning strategies for public health within the context of rural Japan. This study describes associations between neighbourhood walkability and obesity in Toyama, a regional municipality in Japan. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the Toyama Prefecture National Health Insurance data (n = 3454) in 2016 using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression. Walk Score® was used to estimate neighbourhood walkability. RESULTS Residents from highly walkable neighbourhoods generally had lower mean body mass index (BMI), but significant associations between neighbourhood walkability and BMI and prevalence of obesity were only observed in women (adjusted OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26-0.80). Men below 65 years old had higher obesity prevalence (adjusted OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.34-2.30). Daily alcohol consumption was associated with lower odds of being obese among men (adjusted OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.95). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia were associated with higher obesity prevalence among residents, regardless of gender. CONCLUSIONS Walkable environment may improve health outcomes for rural communities in Japan. Further studies are required to create equitable and inclusive living spaces for men and women to access healthier lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Koh
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Michikazu Sekine
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Regional Collaboration, Community Medicine and Health Support Division, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Regional Collaboration, Community Medicine and Health Support Division, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujimura
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Regional Collaboration, Community Medicine and Health Support Division, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Tatsuse
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Ikeda N, Nakaya T, Bennett J, Ezzati M, Nishi N. Trends and Disparities in Adult Body Mass Index Across the 47 Prefectures of Japan, 1975-2018: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis of National Household Surveys. Front Public Health 2022; 10:830578. [PMID: 35669745 PMCID: PMC9163402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.830578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among high-income countries, Japan has a low prevalence of obesity, but little is understood about subnational trends and variations in body mass index (BMI), largely owing to the lack of data from representative samples of prefectures. We aimed to examine long-term trends and distributions of adult BMI at the prefecture level in Japan from the late 1970s using a spatiotemporal model. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data for 233,988 men and 261,086 women aged 20-79 years from the 44 annual National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHNS) conducted during 1975-2018. We applied a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to estimate the annual time series of age-standardized and age-specific mean BMI by 20-year age group and sex for each of the 47 prefectures. We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in BMI across prefectures using the concentration index, according to population density. Results In men, the age-standardized prefectural mean BMI ranged from 21.7 kg/m2 (95% credible interval, 21.6-21.9) to 23.1 kg/m2 (22.9-23.4) in 1975 and from 23.5 kg/m2 (23.3-23.7) to 24.8 kg/m2 (24.6-25.1) in 2018. In women, the age-standardized prefectural mean BMI ranged from 22.0 kg/m2 (21.9-22.2) to 23.4 kg/m2 (23.2-23.6) in 1975 and from 21.7 kg/m2 (21.6-22.0) to 23.5 kg/m2 (23.2-23.8) in 2018. Mean BMI was highest in the southernmost prefecture for most of the study period, followed by northeast prefectures. The increase in mean BMI was largest in southwest prefectures, which caught up with northeast prefectures over time. The concentration index was negative, indicating higher BMI in less-populated prefectures. Absolute values of the concentration index were greater in women than in men and increased over time. Conclusions There were variations in adult mean BMI across prefectures, and geographic distributions changed over time. Further national and local efforts are needed to address the rising trend in mean BMI, particularly among men in rural prefectures, and socioeconomic inequalities among women. Bayesian hierarchical modeling is useful for reconstructing long-term spatiotemporal trends of mean BMI by integrating small-sized survey samples at the prefecture level in the NHNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- Section of Population Health Metrics, International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Nayu Ikeda
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - James Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Longitudinal Associations of Marital, Parenting, and Employment Transitions with Weight Gain in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population Aged 21 Years and Above. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158115. [PMID: 34360408 PMCID: PMC8345590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identifying when most weight gain occurs throughout the life course can inform targeted public health interventions. We evaluated the association of childbirth, marriage, and employment changes with weight changes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort participants ≥21 years (n = 9655) who identified as ethnic Chinese, Malay, or Indian were weighed and interviewed about marital status, employment, and number of children at baseline and after about four years. We used multivariable regression to evaluate life transitions in relation to weight change and major gain (≥5 kg), and adjusted for socio-demographic covariates. Weight gain was 3.55 kg (95% CI 3.17, 3.94) higher in young adults (21-30 years) compared with participants older than 60 years at baseline. Getting married was associated with weight gain in women, but not men (p interaction < 0.01). Women who got married gained 1.63 kg (95% CI 0.88, 2.38) more weight and were more likely to gain ≥5 kg (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.35, 2.93) than those remaining unmarried. Having children was not associated with weight gain. Only among ethnic Indians, remaining a homemaker was associated with less weight gain than remaining employed. In this multi-ethnic Asian population, obesity prevention efforts should target young adulthood and, in women, the transition into marriage.
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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Iwase M, Matsuo K, Nakatochi M, Oze I, Ito H, Koyanagi Y, Ugai T, Kasugai Y, Hishida A, Takeuchi K, Okada R, Kubo Y, Shimanoe C, Tanaka K, Ikezaki H, Murata M, Takezaki T, Nishimoto D, Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Suzuki S, Watanabe M, Mikami H, Nakamura Y, Uemura H, Katsuura-Kamano S, Kuriki K, Kita Y, Takashima N, Nagino M, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Wakai K. Differential Effect of Polymorphisms on Body Mass Index Across the Life Course of Japanese: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2021; 31:172-179. [PMID: 32147644 PMCID: PMC7878711 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a reported risk factor for various health problems. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous independent loci associated with body mass index (BMI). However, most of these have been focused on Europeans, and little evidence is available on the genetic effects across the life course of other ethnicities. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of 282 GWAS-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms with three BMI-related traits, current BMI, BMI at 20 years old (BMI at 20), and change in BMI (BMI change), among 11,586 Japanese individuals enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. Associations were examined using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS We found a significant association (P < 0.05/282 = 1.77 × 10-4) between BMI and 11 polymorphisms in or near FTO, BDNF, TMEM18, HS6ST3, and BORCS7. The trend was similar between current BMI and BMI change, but differed from that of the BMI at 20. Among the significant variants, those on FTO were associated with all BMI traits, whereas those on TMEM18 and HS6SR3 were only associated with BMI at 20. The association of FTO loci with BMI remained, even after additional adjustment for dietary energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Previously reported BMI-associated loci discovered in Europeans were also identified in the Japanese population. Additionally, our results suggest that the effects of each loci on BMI may vary across the life course and that this variation may be caused by the differential effects of individual genes on BMI via different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Iwase
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisaku Nishimoto
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Kita
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Takeshima Y, Suzuki M, Miyakawa J, Tsuru I, Yamada Y, Nakamura M, Sato Y, Kawai T, Yamada D, Morikawa T, Kume H. Latent prostate cancer among Japanese males: a bibliometric study of autopsy reports from 1980-2016. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:156-159. [PMID: 32875336 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies, but a substantial portion remains latent throughout the patients' lifetime. Analysis of temporal change in the latent prostate cancer pool would be beneficial for clinical decision-making, but longitudinal autopsy studies are rare. We conducted a hand-search of the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan from 1980 to 2016 for cases of latent prostate cancer. Of 570 997 males aged 30 or older, latent prostate cancer was detected in 12 562 patients (2.2%). Proportion of detected cases correlated strongly with 'aging rate', the percentage of population aged 65 or older (squared Pearson's correlation coefficient r2 = 0.972, P value <0.0001). Temporal increase in proportion was also seen in each age group as well. This continuous growth reinforces evidence from past Japanese reports on latent prostate cancer. The rapidly rising ageing rate of Japan may forecast further increase in the latent prostate cancer pool moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takeshima
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Jimpei Miyakawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Ibuki Tsuru
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Taketo Kawai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: new trends and role of ultrasonography. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2020; 47:511-520. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-020-01058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Endo S, Kakamu T, Kasuga H, Masuishi Y, Hidaka T, Fukushima T. Accurate weight gain perception may inhibit weight loss compared to inaccurate weight gain perception among Japanese adults. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:509-517. [PMID: 32715781 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1799043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study investigates the association between weight gain perception and weight change over time among Japanese adults. Data were from specific health checkups held in 2013, 2014, and 2015 by National Health Insurance in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. We included 3677 participants who gained more than 3.0kg between 2013 and 2014. Weight gain perception was asked in 2014 using a questionnaire. The participants who perceived their weight gain of more than 3kg were categorized in the accurate group and those who did not were in the inaccurate group. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations between weight gain perception in 2014 and weight change between 2014 and 2015. The models were adjusted for gender, age, weight in 2014, regular physical exercise, daily physical activity, and medication. Results showed that the accurate group (β=0.217; 95% confidence interval=0.037, 0.397; P=0.018) had significantly less weight loss than those in the inaccurate group. We concluded that accurate weight gain perception was associated with an increased risk of future weight gain among Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kasuga
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuishi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Umemura A, Sasaki A, Nitta H, Nikai H, Baba S, Takahara T, Hasegawa Y, Katagiri H, Kanno S, Ishigaki Y. Prognostic factors and a new preliminary scoring system for remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Today 2020; 50:1056-1064. [PMID: 32170427 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the early remission rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and establish a preliminary scoring system that predicts T2DM remission. METHODS We assessed the outcomes of 49 morbidly obese patients with T2DM who underwent LSG between 2008 and 2018. The prognostic factors for T2DM remission 1 year post-LSG were identified and an original scoring system was established. We validated our scoring system by comparing it with the individualized metabolic surgery score and the ABCD score. RESULTS The patients' mean body weight loss and percentage of excess weight loss were 34.4 kg and 59.4%, respectively, while the T2DM remission rate was 77.5%. The serum insulin level and the T2DM duration were independent predictive factors, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for which revealed cutoff values of 12.7 ng/mL and 72 months, respectively. We set our system's score range at 0-2, whereby patients with higher scores have a good T2DM remission prognosis, as higher insulin levels, and/or shorter T2DM duration. Our scoring system had accuracy levels similar to those of the ABCD score with a simple stratification. CONCLUSION Our preliminary scoring system attains a good level of accuracy for predicting T2DM remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Umemura
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nitta
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Haruka Nikai
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Baba
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahara
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Katagiri
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shoji Kanno
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
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Shiba S, Shiba A. Association between non-obesity and health state among young Japanese male university students. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:79-84. [PMID: 32082034 PMCID: PMC7008022 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The obesity rate in both males and females has been lower in Japan than in
other countries. However, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome-related risk factors is not
low when compared with that in Western countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the
health state of young, non-obese adults in Japan. [Participants and Methods] We recruited
20 young, non-obese Japanese male university students and examined the maximum oxygen
consumption, physical activity, and components of metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the
physical activity level and dietary habits of the participants through a questionnaire
survey. [Results] The questionnaire survey revealed that 70% participants had non-standard
dietary habits, 55% did not engage in any regular exercise, and 25% were inactive. On
examination, 20% participants had at least one positive risk factor for metabolic
syndrome. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and triglyceride values
did not correlate with the body mass index of the participants; however, the values were
inversely related to the maximum oxygen consumption levels. [Conclusion] Even participants
with normal body mass index had poor dietary habits and a lack of exercise. Our results
confirmed that even non-obese Japanese individuals have certain health risks and that
having higher maximum oxygen consumption has beneficial effects in preventing the risk
factors of severe and life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Shiba
- Department of Physical Therapy, Konan Women's University: 2-23-6 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan
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Hasegawa M, Akter S, Hu H, Kashino I, Kuwahara K, Okazaki H, Sasaki N, Ogasawara T, Eguchi M, Kochi T, Miyamoto T, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Murakami T, Shimizu M, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Imai T, Nishihara A, Tomita K, Nagahama S, Hori A, Konishi M, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Kunugita N, Dohi S. Five-year cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity, and longitudinal change in body mass index in Japanese workers: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12095. [PMID: 31677232 PMCID: PMC6970396 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to estimate cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity and describe 5-year longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) in a large occupational cohort in Japan. METHODS Participants were 55 229 Japanese employees, who were aged 20-59 years and attended at all subsequent annual health check-ups between 2009 and 2014. Mixed model analysis was performed to examine the effects of age and cohort by gender on BMI change, with age as a random variable. Cumulative incidence of overweight (23.0≤ BMI <27.5 kg/m2 ) and obesity (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 ) was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of overweight and obesity according to age group. RESULTS The incidence of overweight and obesity was approximately double in men (28.3% and 6.7%, respectively) compared to women (14.3% and 3.9%, respectively).The incidence of obesity decreased with age in men, but did not differ according to age in women (P for trend: .02 and .89, respectively). Among overweight participants, the incidence of obesity was higher in women (18.9%) than men (14.5%) and decreased with advancing age (P for trend: <.001 in men and .003 in women). Mean BMI was higher in men than women in all age groups throughout the period. Younger cohorts tended to have a higher BMI change compared with older cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In this Japanese occupational cohort, transition from overweight to obesity is higher in women than men, and the more recent cohorts had a higher change in mean BMI than the older cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Hasegawa
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public HealthTokyoJapan
| | | | - Naoko Sasaki
- Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus CorporationKanagawaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taizo Murakami
- Mizue Medical ClinicKeihin Occupational Health CenterKanagawaJapan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Mizue Medical ClinicKeihin Occupational Health CenterKanagawaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public HealthUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
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16
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Morita T, Yamazaki Y, Seto M, Yamamoto T, Nakai K, Tanaka H, Ozaki M, Koshi R, Maeno M, Kawato T. Effect of Periodontitis and Toothbrushing Frequency on Obesity Onset: A Cohort Study. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9712-9720. [PMID: 31852008 PMCID: PMC6930697 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The interplay between obesity and periodontitis has been widely examined. While obesity was reported as a risk factor for periodontitis, the inverse relationship is still little explored. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether periodontitis and toothbrushing frequency affect the onset of obesity. Material/Methods This cohort study included 1619 employees of a business enterprise headquartered in Tokyo, who in 2002 and 2006 underwent in prescribed annual health checks, both general and dental-specific, and who were not obese in 2002 (body mass index <25). The response variable was obesity (or absence) at 4 years, while the explanatory variables were presence/absence of periodontal pockets and toothbrushing frequency in 2002; their relationships were examined by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Subjects with periodontal pockets ≥4 mm showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for onset of obesity at 4 years than those without periodontal pockets [OR: 1.59, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.08–2.35, p<0.05]. Similarly, subjects who brushed their teeth ≥3 times/day had a significantly lower obesity OR than those who brushed ≤1 time/day (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.85, p<0.01). Conclusions The presence of periodontal pockets and toothbrushing frequency are significantly associated with the onset of obesity. Periodontal pockets ≥4 mm are associated with increased risk of obesity, while frequent toothbrushing (≥3 times/day) appears to reduce the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoko Morita
- The Lion Foundation for Dental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kumiko Nakai
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Koshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Kawato
- Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsuno K, Ishihara R, Ohmori M, Iwagami H, Shichijyo S, Maekawa A, Kanesaka T, Yamamoto S, Takeuchi Y, Higashino K, Uedo N, Matsunaga T, Morishima T, Miyashiro I. Time trends in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, and superficial esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:784-791. [PMID: 30927083 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma is expected to increase and that of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is expected to decrease due to Westernization of the diet and the decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, few reports about these trends have included the latest data, and no reports about the time trend in the incidence of EGJ adenocarcinoma have focused on the etiologies (gastric cardia adenocarcinoma or EAC, including Barrett's adenocarcinoma). We therefore investigated the time trends in the incidence of these cancers by including the latest data. METHODS First, we investigated the time trends in EAC and GAC using population-based cancer registry data in Osaka Prefecture (1985-2014). We then investigated the time trend in superficial EGJ adenocarcinoma with clinicopathological features at Osaka International Cancer Institute (2006-2017). RESULTS From 1985 to 2014 in Osaka Prefecture, the incidence of EAC gradually increased in both sexes, while that of GAC in men did not significantly change and that in women decreased. The ratio of the EAC/GAC incidence increased 3.5 times in men and 1.8 times in women. In the secondary time trend survey for EGJ adenocarcinoma, the numbers of patients with endoscopic Barrett's esophagus and those without gastric mucosal atrophy increased, and the number of patients with lesions located above the EGJ line and histologically diagnosed as Barrett's adenocarcinoma increased. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of EAC and superficial EGJ adenocarcinoma with characteristics similar to those of EAC, including Barrett's adenocarcinoma, might be increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Matsuno
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Masayasu Ohmori
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwagami
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Satoki Shichijyo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanesaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Koji Higashino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Noriya Uedo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Informatics, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Isao Miyashiro
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Nakayama K, Inaba Y. Genetic variants influencing obesity-related traits in Japanese population. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:298-304. [PMID: 31307227 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1644373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Context: Adipose tissue is the main organ that stores energy and participates in adaptive thermogenesis of the human body. The adipose tissue content in an individual is determined by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle related factors. While Japanese people, along with the closely related East Asians, are generally thinner than individuals of European ancestry, they are prone to accumulating visceral adipose tissues. Genome-wide discovery of loci influencing obesity-related traits, and application of the genome sequence data to assess natural selection, provides evidence that the obesity-related traits in East Asians might be shaped by natural selection. Objective: This review aims to summarise health and evolutionary implications of genetic variants influencing obesity-related traits in Japanese. Methods: This study gathered recently published papers of medical, genetic and evolutionary studies regarding obesity-related traits in the Japanese and closely related East Asians. Results and conclusion: A high susceptibility to central obesity of Japanese and closely related East Asians might have been shaped by natural selection favouring thrifty genotypes. Moreover, natural selection favouring higher thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissues would contribute to increased non-thrifty alleles in ancestors of East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yuta Inaba
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Chiba , Japan
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Koganebuchi K, Kimura R. Biomedical and genetic characteristics of the Ryukyuans: demographic history, diseases and physical and physiological traits. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:354-366. [PMID: 31116031 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1582699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: The Ryukyu Islands stretch across a southwestern area of the Japanese Archipelago. Because of their unique geographical and historical backgrounds, Ryukyuans have their own genetic and phenotypic characteristics, which have been disclosed in previous anthropological and biomedical studies. Objective: The history, peopling and biomedical and genetic characteristics of Ryukyuans are reviewed and future research directions are discussed. Conclusion: Morphological and genetic studies have suggested the complex demographic history of Ryukyuans and their relationships with other Asian populations. Knowledge of population formation processes is important to understand the distribution of pathogens. In viral infectious diseases, some strains that may be associated with disease symptoms are specific to Ryukyuans. Dramatic changes in diet have played an important role among Ryukyuans in terms of increases in lifestyle-related diseases and mortality risks. To achieve a better understanding of pathogenic disease factors, further integration of findings regarding the genetic and biomedical characteristics of the Ryukyuans is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Koganebuchi
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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21
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Feng R, Chang ET, Liu Z, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang Q, Xie S, Cao S, Zhang Y, Yun J, Jia W, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Lin L, Ernberg I, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng Y, Adami H, Ye W. Body mass index, body shape, and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in Southern China. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1835-1844. [PMID: 30793524 PMCID: PMC6488148 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether the association between body size or shape and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk exists or varies by age-specific body size indicators is unclear. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Southern China between 2010 and 2014, self-reported height, weight, and body shape at age 20 and 10 years before interview were collected from 2448 histopathologically confirmed NPC cases and 2534 population-based controls. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to the World Health Organization guidelines for Asian populations: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2 ), overweight (23.0-27.4 kg/m2 ), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2 ). Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine nonlinear effects of BMI and body shape as continuous covariates. Underweight vs normal weight at age 20 years was associated with a 22% decreased NPC risk (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67, 0.90), whereas obesity was not significantly associated with NPC risk. Associations with BMI 10 years before the interview were similar. Having the leanest body shape at age 20 years, compared with the mode was not significantly associated with NPC risk (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62, 1.16), but having a larger body shape was associated with an elevated risk (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.52). Increasing BMI revealed positive trends with NPC risk. Despite some indication of significant findings, evidence for a strong association between BMI or body shape and NPC risk is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Feng
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Health Sciences PracticeExponent, Inc.Menlo ParkCalifornia
- Stanford Cancer InstituteStanfordCalifornia
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWuzhou Red Cross HospitalWuzhouChina
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular MechanismWuzhouChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | | | - Shang‐Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Su‐Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWuzhou Red Cross HospitalWuzhouChina
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular MechanismWuzhouChina
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and PreventionWuzhouChina
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Longde Lin
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Beijing HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hans‐Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Okamoto S. Hours of work and health in Japan. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 33:64-71. [PMID: 30879967 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article aimed to examine the causal relationships of hours of work with health behaviors and health outcomes. METHOD The data were derived from Japan Household Panel Survey/Keio Household Panel Survey. In total, data from 2677 men and 2170 women were analyzed to show the effects of hours of work on body mass index, smoking, and sleeping hours. To deal with the potential endogeneity of decisions about hours of work, the instrumental variable approach was used. RESULTS Hours of work had a negative impact on hours of sleep among men (coefficient [coef.], -0.371; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.519 to -0.223). Longer hours of work also increased the probability of men being obese (coef., 1.108; 95% CI, 0.234-1.981) and the number of cigarettes they smoked each day (coef., 1.007; 95% CI, 0.037-1.978). For women, longer hours of work increased the probability of being obese (coef., 0.029; 95% CI, 0.009-0.050) and decreased the hours of sleep (coef., -0.416; 95% CI, -0.618 to -0.214). CONCLUSIONS This article suggests that the health consequences of long hours of work include health behaviors and health outcomes that can lead to higher risks of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Okamoto
- Graduate School of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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「高齢者肥満症診療ガイドライン2018」. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2018. [PMID: 30464154 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.55.g1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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24
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Naitoh T, Kasama K, Seki Y, Ohta M, Oshiro T, Sasaki A, Miyazaki Y, Yamaguchi T, Hayashi H, Imoto H, Tanaka N, Unno M. Efficacy of Sleeve Gastrectomy with Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass for the Treatment of Obese Severe Diabetes Patients in Japan: a Retrospective Multicenter Study. Obes Surg 2018; 28:497-505. [PMID: 28795271 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of obesity with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing in Japan. The main bariatric surgery procedures in Japan are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and LSG with duodenal-jejunal bypass (LSG/DJB) because of the high incidence of gastric cancer and difficulty exploring a remnant stomach after gastric bypass. However, few studies have compared the antidiabetic effect of LSG/DJB with LSG alone. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare the antidiabetic effect of LSG/DJB with that of LSG alone in Japanese obese diabetic patients. METHODS This was a retrospective multicenter study including 298 cases: 177 and 121 LSG and LSG/DJB cases, respectively. We investigated the antidiabetic effect of these two procedures at 12 months after surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to evaluate the predictive factors of T2DM remission. RESULTS The diabetes remission rate at 12 months after surgery was 80.8% for LSG and 86.0% for LSG/DJB. Insulin use and HbA1c ≤ 6.7% were significant predictive factors in multivariate analysis for all patients. In patients with ABCD score ≥ 6, the diabetes remission rate was 94.8% and there was no difference between procedures. Only duration of diabetes and insulin use were significant predictive factors both in univariate and multivariate analyses. However, in cases with ABCD score ≤ 5, the remission rate was 70.3% and procedure type was the most significant predictive factor for diabetes remission (odds ratio [OR] 5.140). CONCLUSIONS Although both LSG and LSG/DJB have good antidiabetic effects in Japanese obese patients, LSG/DJB is more effective for patients with lower ABCD scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Kasama
- Weight loss and Metabolic Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Seki
- Weight loss and Metabolic Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshiro
- Department of Surgery, Sakura Hospital, Toho University Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Hayashi
- Research Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Imoto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Hurst Y, Fukuda H. Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019589. [PMID: 29440054 PMCID: PMC5855475 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the causal relationships between lifestyle habits and obesity. With a focus on eating speed in patients with type 2 diabetes, this study aimed to analyse the effects of changes in lifestyle habits on changes in obesity using panel data. METHODS Patient-level panel data from 2008 to 2013 were generated using commercially available insurance claims data and health check-up data. The study subjects comprised Japanese men and women (n=59 717) enrolled in health insurance societies who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the study period. Body mass index (BMI) was measured, and obesity was defined as a BMI of 25 or more. Information on lifestyle habits were obtained from the subjects' responses to questions asked during health check-ups. The main exposure of interest was eating speed ('fast', 'normal' and 'slow'). Other lifestyle habits included eating dinner within 2 hours of sleeping, after-dinner snacking, skipping breakfast, alcohol consumption frequency, sleep adequacy and tobacco consumption. A generalised estimating equation model was used to examine the effects of these habits on obesity. In addition, fixed-effects models were used to assess these effects on BMI and waist circumference. RESULTS The generalised estimating equation model showed that eating slower inhibited the development of obesity. The ORs for slow (0.58) and normal-speed eaters (0.71) indicated that these groups were less likely to be obese than fast eaters (P<0.001). Similarly, the fixed-effects models showed that eating slower reduced BMI and waist circumference. Relative to fast eaters, the coefficients of the BMI model for slow and normal-speed eaters were -0.11 and -0.07, respectively (P<0.001). DISCUSSION Changes in eating speed can affect changes in obesity, BMI and waist circumference. Interventions aimed at reducing eating speed may be effective in preventing obesity and lowering the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hurst
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pinos H, Carrillo B, Díaz F, Chowen JA, Collado P. Differential vulnerability to adverse nutritional conditions in male and female rats: Modulatory role of estradiol during development. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:13-22. [PMID: 28754628 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the importance of an adequate nutritional environment during development to optimally establish the neurohormonal circuits that regulate feeding behavior. Under- or over-nutrition during early stages of life can lead to alterations in the physiology and brain networks that control food intake, resulting in a greater vulnerability to suffer maladjustments in energy metabolism in adulthood. These alterations produced by under- or over-nourishment during development differ between males and females, as does the modulatory action that estradiol exerts on the alterations produced by malnutrition. Estradiol regulates metabolism and brain metabolic circuits through the same transcription factor pathway, STAT3, that leptin and ghrelin use to program feeding circuits. Although more research is needed to disentangle the actual role of estradiol during development on the programming of feeding circuits, a synergistic role together with leptin and/or ghrelin might be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pinos
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain.
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Abstract
Traditionally, obesity and its related diseases have been considered a problem in Western countries. However, in the past two decades, urbanisation in many Asian countries has led to a sedentary lifestyle and overnutrition, setting the stage for the epidemic of obesity. This article reviews the epidemiological trend of obesity in Asia, with special emphasis on the emerging condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently, the population prevalence of NAFLD in Asia is around 25%, like many Western countries. While hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease secondary to NAFLD remain uncommon, a rising trend has emerged. Around 8-19% of Asians with body mass indexes less than 25kg/m2 are also found to have NAFLD, a condition often described as "lean" or "non-obese" NAFLD. Although this condition is generally less severe than that in more obese patients, steatohepatitis and fibrotic disease are well recognized. Central adiposity, insulin resistance and weight gain are major risk factors, and genetic predisposition, such as the PNPLA3 polymorphism appears to be more important in the development of NAFLD in the non-obese population. Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of management for obesity and NAFLD, but few patients can achieve adequate weight reduction and even fewer can maintain the weight in the long run. While pharmacological agents have entered phase III development for steatohepatitis, Asian patients are under-represented in most drug trials. Future studies should define the optimal management of obesity and NAFLD in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Seung-Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Song H, Saito E, Sawada N, Abe SK, Hidaka A, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Goto A, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Ye W, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Body mass index change during adulthood and risk of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health (JPHC)-based prospective study. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1715-1722. [PMID: 28949955 PMCID: PMC5729434 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The influence of body mass index (BMI) change during adulthood on the development of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. Methods: Based on the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, we enrolled 103 238 participants from 1990 to 1994. Anthropometric data at age 20 years, baseline, and 5- and/or 10-year follow-up surveys were collected by questionnaire. The effect of BMI change between age 20 years and baseline on ESCC risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. The updated BMI was taken into account by fitting a simple linear regression model for each individual, where the slope was incorporated into regressions as a time-varying variable. Results: After excluding the first 5 years of observation, we identified 342 newly diagnosed ESCC cases. An increase in BMI during adulthood was linked with a decreased risk of ESCC development, with each 1% increase per 5 years corresponding to a 15% decrease in ESCC risk (95% confidence interval 9–21%). Identical estimates were obtained from time-dependent models. The importance of BMI change was not modified by gender, smoking, or alcohol drinking but confined to participants assessed as non-overweight at baseline. Conclusions: An increase in BMI during adulthood is associated with a lower risk of developing ESCC among non-overweight subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eiko Saito
- AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control & Information Services, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sarah K Abe
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manami Inoue
- AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Fukuda N, Ishimura N, Okada M, Izumi D, Mikami H, Okimoto E, Aimi M, Mishiro T, Oshima N, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Mucosal breaks show same circumferential distribution in majority of patients with recurrent reflux esophagitis. Endosc Int Open 2017; 5:E214-E221. [PMID: 28317018 PMCID: PMC5352567 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Esophageal mucosal breaks in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE) have a unique circumferential distribution. However, the specific location of mucosal breaks during recurrence of RE remains unclear. We investigated the circumferential distribution of mucosal breaks in patients with recurrent RE and compared their location to that noted at the initial diagnosis. Patients and methods We retrospectively enrolled patients with recurrent RE with Los Angeles (LA) grade A-C who were treated at our University Hospital between July 1996 and June 2014. The circumferential distribution of esophageal mucosal breaks was evaluated at the time of the initial diagnosis and again at the time of recurrence. Information regarding clinical parameters, including proton pump inhibitor administration, presence of hiatal hernia, and mucosal atrophy, was also reviewed. Results A total of 114 patients with recurrent RE were examined during the study period, with a mean duration to recurrence after initial diagnosis of 39.4 months. The majority (72.8 %) had the same LA grade at recurrence. In addition, recurrent mucosal breaks in 96 (84.2 %) patients were observed to have occurred in the same circumferential location as at the initial diagnosis, while those in 18 (15.8 %) were observed in a different location. When recurrent lesions had a different location, the LA grade also tended to be different (P = 0.02). Conclusions We found that most patients with recurrent RE developed lesions in the same circumferential location as noted for the initial lesions. Those in different locations at recurrence were associated with a change in LA grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan,Fukuda Clinic, Ohda, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan,Corresponding author Norihisa Ishimura, MD, PhD Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShimane University School of Medicine89-1 Enya-cho, IzumoShimane 693-8501Japan+81-853-20-2190+81-853-20-2187
| | - Mayumi Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Mikami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Eiko Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masahito Aimi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Ishikawa M, Moriya S, Yokoyama T. Relationship between diet-related indicators and overweight and obesity in older adults in rural Japan. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:759-765. [PMID: 28717805 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the relationship between diet-related indicators and overweight and obesity in older adults in rural Japan. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Obira, Hokkaido, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Local residents aged between 65 and 74 years, except for those with poor health, were included. INTERVENTION A health- and diet-related questionnaire was applied to participants house-to-house by trained health professionals. MEASUREMENTS The following indicators were examined: number of meals, number of balanced meals, food diversity, food group diversity, chewing ability, alcohol intake habit, smoking habit, instrumental activities of daily living scores, age, and residing alone or with family. RESULTS Of 550 residents, 317 residents completely responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 41 were had low body mass index (BMI≤20) and were excluded. This resulted in a sample of 307 subjects comprising 117 men and 190 women; 37.6% and 46.8% of men and women were classified as obese (BMI≥25), respectively. Women with a normal BMI (20 CONCLUSIONS The associations between dietary indicators and obesity differed by sex. Food diversity may be a potential indicator to measure nutritional status in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- Midori Ishikawa, PhD, RD, Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan, Chief Senior Researcher, Tel: 81-(0)48-458-6230; Fax: 81-(0)48-469-7683,
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Chimeddamba O, Gearon E, Stevenson C, Liviya Ng W, Baasai B, Peeters A. Trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalence in Mongolia, 2005-2013. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2194-201. [PMID: 27580924 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Mongolian adults during the past decade as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS Data from the repeated cross-sectional surveys on the prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors conducted in 2005, 2009, and 2013 in Mongolia were used. Linear regression was used to quantify trends in mean BMI and WC, adjusted for age group, sex, and survey year. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of obesity, denoted by the international BMI cutoff values, in men and women between 2005 and 2013 increased from 10.8% to 17.6% and from 18.9% to 26.4%, respectively. Using Asian-specific BMI cutoff values for men and women, the age-standardized prevalence of obesity between 2005 and 2013 increased from 20.0% to 32.8% and 33.4% to 43.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased markedly between 2005 and 2013 similarly across all age groups and sexes. It is important to consider the use of Asian-specific cut-offs as the burden of obesity is twice as high as when using international BMI cutoffs. These data demonstrate the urgent need for obesity treatment, prevention, and monitoring in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyun Chimeddamba
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Emma Gearon
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Stevenson
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Winda Liviya Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bulganchimeg Baasai
- Department of Health Policy Implementation and Coordination, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Mogre V, Aleyira S, Nyaba R. Factors associated with central overweight and obesity in students attending the University for Development Studies in Tamale, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2014.11734490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Time Trends in Histological Features of Latent Prostate Cancer in Japan. J Urol 2016; 195:1415-1420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tadaki S, Sakata Y, Miura Y, Miyata S, Asakura M, Shimada K, Yamamoto T, Fukumoto Y, Kadokami T, Yasuda S, Miura T, Ando SI, Yano M, Kitakaze M, Daida H, Shimokawa H. Prognostic Impacts of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure - A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Circ J 2016; 80:677-88. [PMID: 26794282 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is involved in the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported that the prevalence of MetS is more than 2-fold greater in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) than in the general population in Japan. However, the prognostic impact of MetS in CHF patients remains to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present nationwide, large-scale clinical study in Japan, we enrolled 4,762 patients with Stage C/D CHF. The prevalence of MetS by the definition of the Japanese Committee for the Diagnostic Criteria in 2005 was 41.3% (50.6% in males, 21.5% in females). MetS was characterized by higher prevalence of males, obesity and lifestyle-related comorbidities, including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that MetS was associated with increased incidence of the composite of all-cause death and atherosclerotic events in males (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.54, P=0.011) but not in females (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.87-1.75, P=0.241). Among the components of MetS, over waist circumference and glucose intolerance were significantly associated with increased incidence of the composite endpoint (HR 1.23, P=0.038, and HR 1.29, P<0.001, respectively) in males but not in females. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that MetS only has a negative prognostic impact in male CHF patients. (Circ J 2016; 80: 677-688).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Tadaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Tamaki K, Tamaki N, Kamada Y, Uehara K, Zaha H, Onomura M, Ueda M, Kurashita K, Miyazato K, Higa J, Miyara K, Shiraishi M, Murayama S, Ishida T. Can we improve breast cancer mortality in Okinawa? Consensus of the 7th Okinawa Breast Oncology Meeting. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 235:111-5. [PMID: 25749491 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.235.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rate of breast cancer mortality in Okinawa has gradually been increasing up to 2010. Now Okinawa has the second worst mortality rate in Japan, in part due to the enormous dietary changes resulting from the post-World War II US military occupation, high incidence of obesity, high non-optimal treatment rate, and low breast-cancer screening rate. To reduce breast cancer mortality in Okinawa, we established the Okinawa Breast Oncology Meeting (OBOM) in 2012. At the 7th OBOM held on January 10th, 2014, we discussed the breast cancer mortality in Okinawa focusing on lifestyle, breast cancer screening and optimal treatments. The Okinawan women who were overweight and/or obese during premenopausal and postmenopausal ages had a statistically significant higher risk of breast cancer development compared to those with non-overweight and/or obese women. The traditional diet of Okinawa consists of foods low in calories but rich in nutritional value. Therefore, we recommend Okinawan people not to forget the Okinawan traditional lifestyle, and to reduce their bodyweight to prevent breast cancer. One of the main goals of the OBOM is to raise breast cancer screening attendance rates to 50% (29.2% in 2010). We should standardize the quality control for breast cancer screening in Okinawa. It is important to continue enlightening the Okinawan population to receive optimal treatment. In addition, we are striving to establish systematic medical cooperation between the hospitals specializing in breast cancer treatment with rural hospitals. The OBOM group endeavors to contribute to the improvement of breast cancer mortality in Okinawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamaki
- Okinawa Breast Oncology Meeting Group; Department of Breast Surgery, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Japan.
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Nagata N, Sakamoto K, Arai T, Niikura R, Shimbo T, Shinozaki M, Aoki T, Sekine K, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Yanase M, Akiyama J, Noda M, Uemura N. Visceral fat accumulation affects risk of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015; 30:1399-406. [PMID: 26099321 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES Factors other than antithrombotic drugs associated with diverticular bleeding remain unknown. Visceral adiposity contributes to atherosclerosis and may affect arteriolar change at the diverticulum. We investigated whether visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by computed tomography (CT) is a risk factor for diverticular bleeding. METHODS A cohort of 283 patients (184 with asymptomatic diverticulosis and 99 with diverticular bleeding) undergoing colonoscopy and CT was analyzed. Associations between body mass index (BMI), VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and diverticular bleeding were assessed by logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, alcohol, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and antithrombotic drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), low-dose aspirin, and other antiplatelet drugs). RESULTS In univariate analysis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and NSAIDs use, low-dose aspirin, non-aspirin antiplatelets, increasing BMI, and increasing VAT area were associated with diverticular bleeding. In multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding factors, VAT area (p = 0.021), but not BMI (p = 0.551) or SAT area (p = 0.635), was positively associated with diverticular bleeding. When BMI was considered simultaneously, VAT area remained positively associated with diverticular bleeding (p = 0.018). However, none of obesity indices including VAT area were associated with recurrence of diverticular bleeding or prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS This study presents new information on risk factors for diverticular bleeding. A large volume of visceral adipose tissue, but not BMI or SAT, appears to entail a risk for diverticular bleeding, after age, gender, metabolic factors, and antithrombotic drugs use adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nagata
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kayo Sakamoto
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arai
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takuro Shimbo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shinozaki
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoki
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sekine
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okubo
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakurai
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Chizu Yokoi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mikio Yanase
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Ri M, Miyata H, Aikou S, Seto Y, Akazawa K, Takeuchi M, Matsui Y, Konno H, Gotoh M, Mori M, Motomura N, Takamoto S, Sawa Y, Kuwano H, Kokudo N. Effects of body mass index (BMI) on surgical outcomes: a nationwide survey using a Japanese web-based database. Surg Today 2015; 45:1271-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sekine K, Nagata N, Sakamoto K, Arai T, Shimbo T, Shinozaki M, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Imbe K, Mikami S, Nozaki Y, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Kojima Y, Kobayakawa M, Yanase M, Akiyama J, Noda M, Uemura N. Abdominal visceral fat accumulation measured by computed tomography associated with an increased risk of gallstone disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1325-31. [PMID: 25869941 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Visceral adiposity is a strong determinant of insulin resistance, which decreases cholecystokinin response sensitivity, and increases cholesterol saturation in the gallbladder bile; thus, it potentially relates to gallstone disease development. We aimed to investigate whether visceral fat measured by computed tomography (CT) is a risk factor for gallstone disease. METHODS A cohort of 717 participants undergoing CT and ultrasonography was analyzed. The associations between body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, and gallstone disease were analyzed adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, gallstone disease was significantly associated with VAT and SAT areas for both categorical data and trend (P for trend < 0.001, 0.009), but not body mass index (BMI). Among patients with BMI < 25, gallstone disease remained significantly associated with VAT area (P for trend 0.021) and SAT area (P for trend 0.005). Interactions between the obesity indices and being elderly on the risk of gallstone disease were found; specifically BMI (P = 0.005), SAT (P < 0.001), and VAT (P = 0.154). A significant association between all obesity indices and gallstone disease was seen in patients aged < 65 but not among those aged ≥ 65. However, no significant association was noted between the obesity indices and sex. CONCLUSIONS CT-measured adipose tissue, rather than BMI, was a better predictor for risk of gallstone disease. This finding applies to younger people or even those with normal body weight, suggesting the importance of abdominal visceral fat accumulation in the development of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Sekine
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Sakamoto
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arai
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Shimbo
- Clinical Research and Informatics, International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shinozaki
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okubo
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Imbe
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mikami
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nozaki
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakurai
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Yokoi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayakawa
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Yanase
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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Shimabukuro M, Hasegawa Y, Higa M, Amano R, Yamada H, Mizushima S, Masuzaki H, Sata M. Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Burden in the Japanese: Comparison between Okinawa and Nagano Residents. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:854-68. [PMID: 26133316 DOI: 10.5551/jat.26674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The prevalence of overweight and a change in atherosclerotic lipid profiles may be linked to region-specific differences in atherosclerotic diseases. We evaluated whether the lipid phenotype could be linked to region- and sex-specific differences in the degree of atherosclerosis. METHODS Non-diabetic subjects included Okinawa (n=1674) and Nagano (n=1392) residents aged 30-75 years who underwent carotid ultrasonography for the measurement of maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT). RESULTS Average max IMT was higher in Okinawa men and women, and the increase in max IMT with age was enhanced in men. Multiple regression analysis showed that in addition to age and systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were IMT determinants only in men for both Okinawa and Nagano. Meanwhile, HDL-cholesterol was a determinant for Okinawa men and women, but not for Nagano men and women. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to show region- and sex-specific differences in the determinants for max IMT in a Japanese population. The evaluation of the relationship between lipid profile patterns and region- and sex-specific differences in carotid atherosclerosis burden may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Minematsu A, Hazaki K, Harano A, Okamoto N, Kurumatani N. Differences in physical function by body mass index in elderly Japanese individuals: The Fujiwara-kyo Study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:41-8. [PMID: 26072292 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined differences in physical function according to body mass index (BMI) in elderly Japanese individuals. METHODS Participants (1754 men and 1795 women aged ≥65 years) were divided into the following five BMI groups: low BMI (≤20.0), low-medium BMI (20.1-22.5), medium BMI (22.6-25.0), medium-high BMI (25.1-27.5) and high BMI (≥27.6). Physical function was measured according to BMI and sex, and associations between BMI and physical function were examined. RESULTS Compared with the medium BMI group, handgrip strength (HGS), knee extension torque (KET), and knee flexion torque (KFT) were significantly lower in both sexes in the low BMI group, while KET and KFT were significantly higher among men in the high BMI group. One-leg standing time (OLST) with open eyes was significantly shorter among men in the high BMI group than in the medium BMI group. The high BMI group was significantly inferior to the medium BMI group in 10m gait time (10MGT), OLST, and maximum one-step length to height ratio among women. All physical functions, except for 10MGT in men, were associated with BMI adjusted age and/or sex. Muscle strength showed a positive association with BMI in both sexes. There was a stronger association between BMI and physical performance in women compared to men. CONCLUSION We found that BMI influences a variety of factors related to muscle strength and physical performance. Our findings may help contribute to the prevention of mobility impairments in elderly Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Minematsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Science, Kio University, Japan.
| | - Kan Hazaki
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harano
- Department of Orthopedics, Yamato Takada Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Nozomi Okamoto
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Tamaki K, Tamaki N, Terukina S, Kamada Y, Uehara K, Arakaki M, Miyashita M, Ishida T, McNamara KM, Ohuchi N, Sasano H. The correlation between body mass index and breast cancer risk or estrogen receptor status in Okinawan women. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 234:169-74. [PMID: 25283589 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.234.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary changes resulting from the post-World War II occupation of Okinawa by the US military have been largely deleterious, resulting in a marked increase of obesity among Okinawan residents. In this study, we examined the association between BMI and the risk of developing breast cancer according to the menstruation status and age, and the correlation between BMI and expression of estrogen receptor (ER). Breast cancer cases were 3,431 females without any personal or family history of breast cancer. Control subjects were 5,575 women drawn from the clinical files of Nahanishi Clinic. We found that women, who were overweight or obese, regardless of menopausal stage, had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to women with normal weight and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001, respectively). This risk was especially apparent in older (> 40 years) overweight or obese women. The women who were overweight or obese during postmenopausal ages were at higher risk of ER-positive breast cancer compared to women with normal weight. Results of our present study clearly indicate that increased BMI was associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer in Okinawan women, regardless of menopausal status. In addition, there was statistically significant correlation between BMI and ER expression in the postmenopausal period. Given the obesity epidemic associated with the extreme sociological and dietary changes brought about by the post-war occupation of Okinawa, the present study provides essential guidelines on the management, treatment and future breast cancer risk in Okinawa.
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Ho LM, Wang MP, Ho SY, Lam TH. Changes in individual weight status based on body mass index and waist circumference in Hong Kong Chinese. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119827. [PMID: 25775476 PMCID: PMC4361652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weight change predicted diseases and mortality. We investigate 3-year changes in individual body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in Hong Kong Chinese adults. Methods In the Population Health Survey, 7084 adults in 2003 (baseline) were followed up in 2006. Longitudinal anthropometric data were available in 2941 (41.5%) for BMI and 2956 for waist circumference. Weight status and central obesity were based on objectively measured BMI and waist circumference using Asian standards. Results Mean BMI (SD) increased from 22.8 (3.62) to 23.1 (3.95) (p<0.001) with 1.3 percentage point increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity (from 44.3% to 45.6%). One in 5 (22.0%) normal or underweight baseline respondents became overweight or obese and a similar proportion (24.8%) of overweight and obese respondents became normal or underweight. Prevalence of central obesity increased from 28.3% to 32.4% (p<0.001) with a non-significantly greater increase in women (30.0% to 38.1%) than men (23.0% to 26.1%) (p=0.63). A higher proportion of centrally obese respondents returned to normal (29.4%) than normal respondents developing central obesity (17.4%). Conclusions This is one of the few studies in Chinese, which found dynamic longitudinal changes (increase/stable/decrease) in individual weight status and waist circumference. Future studies with better follow-up and investigating the causes of such changes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Ming Ho
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Melesse DY, Halli SS, Tate RB. Variations over four decades in body mass index trajectories prior to diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: The Manitoba Follow-up Study, 1948-2007. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2015; 106:e95-100. [PMID: 26125248 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the variations in body mass index (BMI) trajectories during the 20 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over four decades between 1968 and 2007. METHODS Longitudinal measurements of BMI from 437 men, all with a diagnosis of T2DM, were used in the analysis. A mixed method approach was used to fit individual patterns of BMI measurements during the 20 years before diagnosis of T2DM. RESULTS The mean BMI at diagnosis was 26.7 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval, 26.4-27.1). Compared with men whose condition was diagnosed between 1968 and 1977, for men with a diagnosis between 1978 and 2007 the mean BMI about 10 years before diagnosis significantly increased by 0.92 to 1.54 BMI units. Decades also varied in how long there was a persistent increase in BMI during the 20 years before diagnosis. The rate of change in mean BMI among men whose T2DM was diagnosed in the most recent two decades increased by 8.8% to 22.6% during the 10-year interval before diagnosis, but there was no significant difference among men given a diagnosis between 1978 and 1987. The quadratic trend of BMI prior to diagnosis was also significantly affected by age at diagnosis. CONCLUSION The BMI trajectories during the 20 years leading up to T2DM varied by decade of diagnosis. The increase in BMI persisted for much longer among relatively younger men with a diagnosis in more recent decades. Strategies to prevent T2DM, informed by the pattern of BMI trajectories, should be customized to consider a potential age-period effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessalegn Y Melesse
- The Centre for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba.
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Furuta RA, Sakamoto H, Kuroishi A, Yasiui K, Matsukura H, Hirayama F. Metagenomic profiling of the viromes of plasma collected from blood donors with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Transfusion 2015; 55:1889-99. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rika A. Furuta
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | | | - Ayumu Kuroishi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuta Yasiui
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
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Rising trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in 10 years of follow-up among Tehranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:2981-9. [PMID: 25711365 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some recent studies have shown stablity or declining trends in obesity while others still report increasing trends. The present study aimed to investigate the trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 10 years. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Community-based data collection from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). SUBJECTS Participants from four phases of the TLGS from 1999 to 2011 (n 10,368), aged ≥20 years. RESULTS The crude prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased from 23·1% and 47·9% at baseline to 34·1% and 71·1% at the end of follow-up, respectively. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyse the correlated data and calculate the relative risks (RR). Risks of obesity and abdominal obesity increased over the whole study period for men (RR=1·62; 95% CI 1·49, 1·76 and RR=1·46; 95% CI 1·41, 1·52, respectively) and women (RR=1·24; 95% CI 1·19, 1·29 and RR=1·22; 95% CI 1·18, 1·27, respectively). These rising trends were observed in all subgroups regardless of age, marital status and educational level. CONCLUSIONS Trends of obesity and abdominal obesity are increasing in Tehranian adults during a decade of follow-up in both genders and in all study subgroups. These results underscore the still growing obesity epidemic in the capital of Iran, calling for urgent action to educate people in lifestyle modifications and the need for effective preventive and educational strategies on obesity.
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The influences of larger physical constitutions including obesity on the amount of urine protein excretion in primary glomerulonephritis: research of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:359-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bishehsari F, Mahdavinia M, Vacca M, Malekzadeh R, Mariani-Costantini R. Epidemiological transition of colorectal cancer in developing countries: Environmental factors, molecular pathways, and opportunities for prevention. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6055-6072. [PMID: 24876728 PMCID: PMC4033445 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer-related mortality worldwide. The disease has been traditionally a major health problem in industrial countries, however the CRC rates are increasing in the developing countries that are undergoing economic growth. Several environmental risk factors, mainly changes in diet and life style, have been suggested to underlie the rise of CRC in these populations. Diet and lifestyle impinge on nuclear receptors, on the intestinal microbiota and on crucial molecular pathways that are implicated in intestinal carcinogenesis. In this respect, the epidemiological transition in several regions of the world offers a unique opportunity to better understand CRC carcinogenesis by studying the disease phenotypes and their environmental and molecular associations in different populations. The data from these studies may have important implications for the global prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Liu J, Sekine M, Tatsuse T, Hamanishi S, Fujimura Y, Zheng X. Family history of hypertension and the risk of overweight in Japanese children: results from the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2014; 24:304-11. [PMID: 24857956 PMCID: PMC4074635 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20130149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family history can be a useful screening tool in the assessment and management of the risk for noncommunicable disease. However, no data have yet been reported on family history of hypertension and its effect on children’s overweight. Methods A total of 7249 Japanese children enrolled in the Toyama Birth Cohort Study were followed until 2002 (mean age: 12.3 years). Family history of hypertension was ascertained by asking children’s parents whether children’s biological parents or grandparents had doctor-diagnosed hypertension. Child overweight was defined according to international criteria for age- and sex-specific body mass index. Results The prevalence of child overweight at age 12 was 21.7% for males and 15.9% for females. After adjusting for family structure, parental employment status, and lifestyle factors, we found that a maternal family history of hypertension was positively associated with the risk of child overweight at age 12 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.39). The adjusted OR increased from 1.16 (95% CI 0.99–1.35) to 1.42 (95% CI 1.04–1.92) to 4.75 (95% CI 1.35–16.69) as the number of family members with hypertension increased from 1 to 2 to 3, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overweight between children with a paternal family history of hypertension and those without. Conclusions A maternal family history of hypertension was positively associated with the risk of overweight in children at age 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health; Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Peking University
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Nagata N, Sakamoto K, Arai T, Niikura R, Shimbo T, Shinozaki M, Aoki T, Kishida Y, Sekine K, Tanaka S, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Akiyama J, Yanase M, Noda M, Itoh T, Mizokami M, Uemura N. Visceral abdominal fat measured by computed tomography is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2273-81. [PMID: 24692064 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by computed tomography (CT) is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. For a total of 1,328 patients (857 without adenoma, 471 with colorectal adenoma) undergoing colonoscopy and CT, associations between colorectal adenoma and body mass index (BMI), VAT area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, family history, smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, aspirin use and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Multivariate analysis showed that colorectal adenoma was marginally associated (p=0.06) with BMI, but not with SAT, while it was significantly associated with VAT and the VAT to SAT ratio (VAT/SAT) for both categorical data and trend (p<0.05). When the obesity indices were considered simultaneously, colorectal adenoma remained significantly associated with VAT and VAT/SAT (p<0.05), but not BMI and SAT. In patients with colorectal adenoma, the adjusted OR for the highest quartiles of VAT and VAT/SAT was 1.90 (95% CI 1.16-3.13) and 2.25 (95% CI 1.49-3.41), respectively, compared to the lowest quartiles. Only VAT area was significantly associated with colorectal adenoma in both men and women (p<0.05). Proximal, multiple and advanced adenomas had significantly higher VAT areas (p<0.05) than distal, solitary and nonadvanced adenomas. Our findings implicate abdominal VAT in the development and progression of colorectal adenoma, and it was better obesity index for colorectal adenoma than BMI in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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