1
|
Cheshmeh S, Nachvak SM, Hojati N, Elahi N, Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani N, Saber A. The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes-predisposing genes in healthy infants. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15469. [PMID: 36200185 PMCID: PMC9535349 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are common illnesses characterized by glucose metabolism issues and excessive weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed a newborn up to 6 months old and it has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity later in life due to its nutritional properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and formula-plus breastfeeding (mix-feeding) on the anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and the expression level of obesity and diabetes-predisposing genes of healthy infants. A total of 150 healthy infants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All infants (aged 24 months) were divided into three groups based on the type of feeding, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mix-feeding. The anthropometric indices, glycemic indexes, lipid profile, and the expression levels of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), liver X receptor α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes were measured in all infants using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The anthropometric indices including weight, height, head circumference, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in the breastfeeding infants in comparison to other groups. As well, the expression level of the ACACB gene was significantly downregulated in breastfeeding infants, while the PPAR-γ gene was significantly upregulated, but the expression levels of LXR- α, PTEN and BDNF did not change significantly across groups. Breastfeeding compared to formula feeding had positive effects on anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and diabetes-predisposing genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Cheshmeh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Niloofar Hojati
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Negin Elahi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Amir Saber
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Moreno LA, Gracia-Marco L, Buck C, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Hebestreit A, Kourides Y, Lauria F, Lissner L, Molnar D, Veidebaum T, González-Gil EM. Prospective physical fitness status and development of cardiometabolic risk in children according to body fat and lifestyle behaviours: The IDEFICS study. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12819. [PMID: 34002531 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is an important factor for cardiovascular diseases later in life while physical fitness seems to decrease CMR. OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on CMR in European children, both cross-sectional and longitudinally. METHODS A total of 289 children (49.5% males) from eight European countries, aged 6 to 9, with longitudinal information on blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, homoeostasis model assessment, body mass index, data on fitness level, objectively measured physical activity (PA), diet quality, and total screen time were included. A CMR score was calculated and dichotomized. MF and CRF were also dichotomized. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multilevel logistic regressions adjusting for lifestyle behaviours were performed. RESULTS Reaching a high level of MF during childhood as well as remaining in that level over-time were associated with an 82% and 62% lower probability of high CMR at follow-up, respectively. Also, children who became top CRF over time, showed a 77% lower probability (P < 0.05) of being in the highest CMR quartile at follow-up, independently of sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators. CONCLUSIONS A high MF at early childhood and during childhood reduces the odds of having CMR. Same occurs with the improvement of CRF during childhood. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fitness to avoid CMR already in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Center of Health and Behavioral Science, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gómez-Bruton A, Miguel-Berges ML, Flores-Barrantes P, Casajús JA, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Associations between Spanish children's physical activity and physical fitness with lean body mass: The CALINA study. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:401-412. [PMID: 34720058 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1994728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) with lean body mass (LBM) and evaluated whether PA mediates the association between PF and LBM. 279 children (150 boys) aged 7.5 ± 0.3 years participated in the study. PA was assessed by accelerometry and PF with handgrip and the standing long jump test. Total lean soft tissue mass index (TLSTMI), muscle cross-sectional area index (MCSAI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bioimpedance analysis, respectively.Total (β = 0.247) and vigorous PA (β = 0.143) were associated with TLSTMI in girls. In boys, total (β = 0.337), light (β = 0.290), vigorous (β = 0.200), and moderate-vigorous PA (β = 0.189) were associated with TLSTMI. Total PA was associated with FFMI (β = 0.299). Handgrip strength does not mediate the relationship between total PA and TLSTMI. Positive associations were found between handgrip strength and TLSTMI, MCSAI, and FFMI in both girls and boys.In children, there is a positive association between total and vigorous PA with TLSTMI. Handgrip strength does not mediate the relationship between total PA and TLSTMI. It was associated with TLSTMI, MCSAI, and FFMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Red De Salud Materno Infantil Y Del Desarrollo (Samid), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii, Madrid, España
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud Y Del Deporte (Fcsd), Departamento De Fisiatría Y Enfermería, Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii Madrid, España
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España
| | - Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Facultad De Ciencias De La Salud Y Del Deporte (Fcsd), Departamento De Fisiatría Y Enfermería, Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii Madrid, España
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii Madrid, España
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (Genud) Research Group, Universidad De Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón (Ia2), Zaragoza, España.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (Iis Aragón), Zaragoza, España.,Red De Salud Materno Infantil Y Del Desarrollo (Samid), Instituto De Salud Carlos Iii, Madrid, España.,Área De Pediatría, Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peinado AB, Castro EA, Zapico AG, Benito PJ. ACCELEROMETRY UNDERESTIMATES ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN CIRCUIT-BASED RESISTANCE TRAINING. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202605152481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Accelerometry is a very accurate method for determining energy expenditure (EE) in endurance training. However, further studies are needed to prove its accuracy in resistance training. Objective: To compare the EE obtained by accelerometry and indirect calorimetry in three different circuit resistance training circuits. Methods: Six overweight volunteers performed three sets in three resistance training circuits: machine circuit (MC), free-weight circuit (FWC) and resistance + aerobic circuit (RAC). EE was measured by indirect calorimetry using an Oxycon Mobile® and by the accelerometers SenseWear® Armband Pro2 and ActiTrainer®. Results: ActiTrainer® and SenseWear® underestimated EE in all circuits when compared to indirect calorimetry (p<0.05). The difference was greater in the FWC: 44.4% METs and 81.4% Kcal for ActiTrainer® and 32.3% METs and 24.9% Kcal for SenseWear® compared to indirect calorimetry. Conclusion: Both ActiTrainer® and SenseWear® underestimated EE when compared to indirect calorimetry in three different resistance training circuits. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliane Aparecida Castro
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sprengeler O, Hebestreit A, Gohres H, Bucksch J, Buck C. Effects of Installing Height-Adjustable Standing Desks on Daily and Domain-Specific Duration of Standing, Sitting, and Stepping in 3rd Grade Primary School Children. Front Public Health 2020; 8:396. [PMID: 32903373 PMCID: PMC7434830 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aim of this intervention study was to evaluate whether availability of standing desks in classrooms may reduce sitting time and enhance standing and stepping time during lessons and breaks. Further, we evaluated if differences in standing desk use differed by physical fitness (PF) levels of children. Methods: To assess sitting, standing and stepping during a typical school week in 3rd grade primary school children (N = 52), activPAL monitors were used at baseline: T0, 1st follow-up: T1 and 2nd follow-up: T2. At baseline, PF was measured using the standing long jump and the 6-min jog-walk to assign children as having low PF (LPF) or high PF (HPF). Standing desks were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups at T1 (group 1) and T2 (group 2) with a cross-over design. Changes of sitting, standing and stepping were analyzed to investigate intervention effects at follow-up, using linear mixed models. Results: At baseline, children spent about 60 and 30% of time sitting during lessons and breaks, respectively. After installing standing desks (T1), significantly lower proportions of sitting were observed in the intervention group 1 [−13.1%, 95%-CI: (−20.5; −5.72)] and the control group 2 [−9.78%, 95%-CI: (−17.3; −2.28)]. Compared to the baseline measurement (T0), lower proportions of sitting were particularly expressed during school breaks in group 1 and 2 after intervention in T1 [group 1: −10.3%, 95%-CI: (−16.4; −4.25)] or in T2 [group 2: −8.59%, 95%-CI: (−15.2; −1.94)]. In general, children with higher physical fitness were less sedentary and more active, but intervention effects did not differ by fitness levels. Conclusion: Standing desks provide an opportunity to reduce sedentary time during lessons and breaks at school in primary school children, but do not directly increase PA of high intensity such as stepping. Future studies should consider potential bandwagon effects caused by structural interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Sprengeler
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hannah Gohres
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Bucksch
- Department of Sociological and Human Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Buck
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng L, Pohlabeln H, Ahrens W, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Chadjigeorgiou C, Molnár D, Eiben G, De Henauw S, Moreno L, Page A, Hebestreit A. Sex differences in the longitudinal associations between body composition and bone stiffness index in European children and adolescents. Bone 2020; 131:115162. [PMID: 31760215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) may influence bone health differentially. However, existing evidences on associations between FM, FFM and bone health are inconsistent and vary according to sex and maturity. The present study aims to evaluate longitudinal associations between FM, FFM and bone stiffness index (SI) among European children and adolescents with 6 years follow-up. A sample of 2468 children from the IDEFICS/I.Family was included, with repeated measurements of SI using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, body composition using skinfold thickness, sedentary behaviors and physical activity using self-administrated questionnaires. Regression coefficients (β) and 99%-confidence intervals (99% CI) were calculated by sex-specified generalized linear mixed effects models to analyze the longitudinal associations between FM and FFM z-scores (zFM and zFFM) and SI percentiles, and to explore the possible interactions between zFM, zFFM and maturity. Baseline zFFM was observed to predict the change in SI percentiles in both boys (β = 4.57, 99% CI: 1.36, 7.78) and girls (β = 3.42, 99% CI: 0.05, 6.79) after 2 years. Moreover, baseline zFFM (β = 8.72, 99% CI: 3.18, 14.27 in boys and β = 5.89, 99% CI: 0.34, 11.44 in girls) and the change in zFFM (β = 6.58, 99% CI: 0.83, 12.34 in boys and β = 4.81, 99% CI: -0.41, 10.02 in girls) were positively associated with the change in SI percentiles after 6 years. In contrast, a negative association was observed between the change in zFM and SI percentiles in boys after 6 years (β = -3.70, 99% CI: -6.99, -0.42). Besides, an interaction was observed between the change in zFM and menarche on the change in SI percentiles in girls at 6 years follow-up (p = .009), suggesting a negative association before menarche while a positive association after menarche. Our findings support the existing evidences for a positive relationship between FFM and SI during growth. Furthermore, long-term FM gain was inversely associated with SI in boys, whereas opposing associations were observed across menarche in girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Luis Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angie Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheshmeh S, Nachvak SM, Rezvani N, Saber A. Effects of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on the Expression Level of FTO, CPT1A and PPAR-α Genes in Healthy Infants. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2227-2237. [PMID: 32617012 PMCID: PMC7326192 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s252122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the effect of breastfeeding, formula feeding and mix feeding (breastfed plus formula-fed) on the expression level of obesity-predisposing genes including fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in 5- to 6-month-old infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 150 infants participated in this case-control study. All subjects were healthy infants aged 5-6 months that divided into 3 groups: breastfed, formula-fed, and mix-fed. The expression level of FTO, CPT1A, and PPAR-α genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was evaluated in each group using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS Our findings showed that the current weight, height, and head circumference of infants in the formula feeding and mix feeding groups were significantly higher than those in the exclusive breastfeeding group. The expression level of FTO and CPT1A genes in formula-fed and mix-fed infants was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that in breastfed infants, while the expression level of PPAR-α gene was significantly lower (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding showed modulatory effects on the expression level of obesity-predisposing genes and can protect against obesity and subsequent non-communicable diseases. However, more investigations are required to explain the epigenetic effects of breast milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Cheshmeh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Correspondence: Seyed Mostafa Nachvak Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technologies, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Isar Sq., Across from Farabi Hospital, P.O. Box 6719851351, Kermanshah, IranTel +98-8338395885Fax +98-83 37102002 Email
| | - Nayebali Rezvani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nayebali Rezvani Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 67148-69914, Kermanshah, IranTel +98-9183391265 Email
| | - Amir Saber
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kelso A, Vogel K, Steinacker JM. Ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness show sexual dimorphism in children of three to five years of age. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:514-521. [PMID: 29992657 PMCID: PMC6585817 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim A standard approach to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) using ultrasound has proved successful in adults, but has not been studied in children. This study addressed that gap in children aged three to five years. Methods In autumn 2016, 24 preschools in Southwest Germany, recruited via mail, agreed to take part in this study and 274 children (51.4% boys) with a mean age of 4.6 ± 0.7 years participated in measurements of SAT and anthropometry. Differences in measurements were explored between the sexes and anthropometric predictors of mean SAT thickness were identified. Intra‐observer reliability for ultrasound measurements of SAT was also assessed. Results The mean SAT thickness showed significant differences between the boys and girls (5.3 ± 2.0 and 6.3 ± 2.0 mm, respectively, p < 0.01). The children's body mass, height and sex explained 66% of the variance in the mean SAT thickness, as SAT was larger with a higher body mass, a smaller stature and in girls. Intra‐observer reliability resulted in an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0.994 (p < 0.01) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.983–0.998. Conclusion Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness differed between boys and girls with a mean age of 4.6 years. Intra‐observer reliability was excellent. This standardised approach enabled high‐precision measurements of SAT in a paediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kelso
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine Ulm University Medical Center Ulm Germany
| | - Katharina Vogel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine Ulm University Medical Center Ulm Germany
| | - Jürgen M. Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine Ulm University Medical Center Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Dios JEL, Sprengeler O, Hebestreit A, De Henauw S, Eiben G, Felsö R, Lauria F, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Pala V, Moreno LA. Food and beverage intakes according to physical activity levels in European children: the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary and lifestyle induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1717-1725. [PMID: 29457580 PMCID: PMC11109026 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) levels and dietary habits are considered some of the most important factors associated with obesity. The present study aimed to examine the association between PA level and food and beverage consumption in European children (2-10 years old).Design/Setting/SubjectsA sample of 7229 children (49·0 % girls) from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary and lifestyle induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) study was included. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed objectively with accelerometers. FFQ was used to register dietary habits. ANCOVA and binary logistic regression were applied. RESULTS Boys who spent less time in MVPA reported lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, cereals, yoghurt, milk, bread, pasta, candies and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) than boys who spent more time in MVPA (P<0·05). Moreover, boys who spent less time in MVPA were more likely to consume fast foods and water than those in the highest MVPA tertile (P<0·05). Girls who spent less time in MVPA reported lower consumption frequencies of vegetables, pasta, bread, yoghurt, candies, jam/honey and SSB than girls in the highest MVPA tertile (P<0·05). Also, girls in the lowest MVPA tertile were more likely to consume fast foods and water than those with high levels of MVPA (P<0·05). CONCLUSIONS Food intake among European children varied with different levels of daily MVPA. Low time spent in MVPA was associated with lowest consumption of both high- and low-energy-dense foods and high fast-food consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Cp 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaime E Llamas Dios
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Cp 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ole Sprengeler
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Felsö
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Center of Health and Behavioral Science, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valeria Pala
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Cp 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nascimento-Ferreira MV, De Moraes ACF, Toazza-Oliveira PV, Forjaz CLM, Aristizabal JC, Santaliesra-Pasías AM, Lepera C, Nascimento-Junior WV, Skapino E, Delgado CA, Moreno LA, Carvalho HB. Reliability and Validity of a Questionnaire for Physical Activity Assessment in South American Children and Adolescents: The SAYCARE Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26 Suppl 1:S23-S30. [PMID: 29464922 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to test the reliability and validity of the new and innovative physical activity (PA) questionnaire. METHODS Subsamples from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environment Study (SAYCARE) study were included to examine its reliability (children: n = 161; adolescents: n = 177) and validity (children: n = 82; adolescents: n = 60). The questionnaire consists of three dimensions of PA (leisure, active commuting, and school) performed during the last week. To assess its validity, the subjects wore accelerometers for at least 3 days and 8 h/d (at least one weekend day). The reliability was analyzed by correlation coefficients. In addition, Bland-Altman analysis and a multilevel regression were applied to estimate the measurement bias, limits of agreement, and influence of contextual variables. RESULTS In children, the questionnaire showed consistent reliability (ρ = 0.56) and moderate validity (ρ = 0.46), and the contextual variable variance explained 43.0% with -22.9 min/d bias. In adolescents, the reliability was higher (ρ = 0.76) and the validity was almost excellent (ρ = 0.88), with 66.7% of the variance explained by city level with 16.0 min/d PA bias. CONCLUSIONS The SAYCARE PA questionnaire shows acceptable (in children) to strong (in adolescents) reliability and strong validity in the measurement of PA in the pediatric population from low- to middle-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Nascimento-Ferreira
- Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes
- Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paulo Vinícius Toazza-Oliveira
- Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia L M Forjaz
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alba M Santaliesra-Pasías
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Candela Lepera
- School of Nutrition, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Viana Nascimento-Junior
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise, and Nutrition Research Group, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Estela Skapino
- School of Nutrition, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Alberto Delgado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Neonatal Unit, National Institute of Child Health, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Alberto Moreno
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
- Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Mouratidou T, Reisch L, Pigeot I, Ahrens W, Mårild S, Molnár D, Siani A, Sieri S, Tornatiris M, Veidebaum T, Verbestel V, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Moreno LA. Clustering of lifestyle behaviours and relation to body composition in European children. The IDEFICS study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:811-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
12
|
Priego T, Sánchez J, Picó C, Ahrens W, Bammann K, De Henauw S, Fraterman A, Iacoviello L, Lissner L, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Siani A, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Palou A. Influence of breastfeeding on blood-cell transcript-based biomarkers of health in children. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:463-70. [PMID: 24277691 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT The expression of specific genes in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) may be used as biomarkers of the metabolic status. High levels of expression of CPT1A, SLC27A2, INSR, LEPR, FASN and PPARα in PBCs are indicative of a lower risk for the insulin resistant or dyslipidaemic state associated with obesity in children. Breastfeeding seems to confer protective effects against obesity and its related metabolic problems. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Children who had been breastfed showed higher expression levels of SLC27A2, FASN, PPARα and INSR in PBCs compared with formula-fed subjects. The relationship of the PBC transcript levels of SLC27A2, INSR, FASN and PPARα with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia may be dependent on the type of infant feeding (breast vs. formula). The transcript levels of the mentioned biomarkers could be useful to distinguish the formula-fed children who are at higher risk of metabolic alterations. BACKGROUND Blood-cell transcripts have showed to be good biomarkers of metabolic alterations and their use in early detection and prevention of future disorders is promising. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relation between previously proposed transcriptional biomarkers of metabolic health (SLC27A2, CPT1A, FASN, PPARα, INSR, LEPR) in peripheral blood cells and the type of infant feeding in a subset of children from the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) cohort. SUBJECTS A total of 237 children aged 2-9 years from eight European countries were studied. RESULTS Breastfed children showed higher expression levels of SLC27A2, FASN, PPARα and INSR, and lower risk of being overweight and of having high plasma triglyceride levels vs. formula-fed children. Besides, overweight formula-fed children presented higher HOMA-index than overweight breastfed children (1.90 vs. 1.62); however, this negative effect was absent in formula-fed children with high expression of SLC27A2. Moreover, formula-fed children with low expression of SLC27A2, FASN, PPARα and INSR presented higher triglyceride levels than subjects with high expression of these genes (77.7 mg dL(-1) vs. 44.8 mg dL(-1) ). This difference was absent in breastfed children. CONCLUSIONS Protective effects of breastfeeding are reflected in higher expression levels of SLC27A2, FASN, PPARα and INSR in blood cells. These biomarkers may also serve to discriminate the formula-fed children that are at higher risk of metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Priego
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kovács E, Siani A, Konstabel K, Hadjigeorgiou C, de Bourdeaudhuij I, Eiben G, Lissner L, Gwozdz W, Reisch L, Pala V, Moreno LA, Pigeot I, Pohlabeln H, Ahrens W, Molnár D. Adherence to the obesity-related lifestyle intervention targets in the IDEFICS study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38 Suppl 2:S144-51. [PMID: 25376216 PMCID: PMC4165864 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To address behaviours associated with childhood obesity, certain target values are recommended that should be met to improve children's health. In the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS) study such lifestyle recommendations were conveyed as six key messages. Here, we investigate the adherence of European children to these messages. METHODS The IDEFICS intervention was based on the intervention mapping approach with the following six targets: increase water consumption (to replace sugar-containing beverages), increase fruit/vegetable consumption, reduce daily screen time, increase daily physical activity, improve the quality of family life and ensure adequate sleep duration. Internationally recommended target values were applied to determine the prevalence of children meeting these targets. RESULTS In a cohort of 18,745 children participating in the IDEFICS baseline survey or newly recruited during follow-up, data on the above lifestyle behaviours were collected for a varying number of 8302 to 17,212 children. Information on all six behaviours was available for 5140 children. Although 52.5% of the cohort was classified in the highest category of water consumption, only 8.8% met the target of an intake of fruits/vegetables five times a day. The prevalence of children adhering to the recommendation regarding total screen time-below 1 h for pre-school children and 2 h for school children-was 51.1%. The recommended amount of at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day was fulfilled by 15.2%. Family life of the child measured by various indicators was considered as satisfactory in 22.8%. Nocturnal sleep duration of 11 (10) hours or more in pre-school (school) children was achieved by 37.9%. In general, children in northern countries and younger children showed better adherence to the recommendations. Only 1.1% of the children adhered to at least five of these recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Current adherence of children to lifestyle recommendations to prevent childhood obesity is low where observed differences with respect to country, age and gender call for targeted intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kovács
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Siani
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - K Konstabel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - C Hadjigeorgiou
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - I de Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W Gwozdz
- Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - L Reisch
- Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - V Pala
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Tumor Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - H Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - W Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Donatiello E, Dello Russo M, Formisano A, Lauria F, Nappo A, Reineke A, Sparano S, Barba G, Russo P, Siani A. Physical activity, adiposity and urbanization level in children: results for the Italian cohort of the IDEFICS study. Public Health 2013; 127:761-5. [PMID: 23876300 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is extensive evidence about the influence of environmental factors on adult obesity, fewer studies have assessed how the environment influences body fat in children. This cross-sectional study investigated the distribution of adiposity indices according to urbanization level and patterns of physical activity among children in the Italian cohort of the IDEFICS study. METHODS The sample included 1673 preschool and school-aged children (mean age 6.1 years, standard deviation 1.7) living in rural (n = 579), suburban (n = 442) and urban (n = 652) areas. Anthropometric measures were taken and questionnaires were used to assess children's lifestyles, including patterns of physical activity. RESULTS Children who lived in rural areas spent significantly more time in outdoor activities but participated in less structured physical activity compared with children living in suburban and urban areas. Adiposity estimated by the sum of skinfold thickness increased linearly from rural to urban areas, with results for suburban areas showing intermediate values. CONCLUSIONS The data show that geographical environmental factors influence patterns of physical activity and body fat in children. In particular, the results suggest an association between the time spent in unstructured outdoor activities and the degree of adiposity in schoolchildren. These results may have implications for public health, including efforts to increase freely available playgrounds as an effective measure to counteract the obesity epidemic in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Donatiello
- Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vanaelst B, Michels N, Huybrechts I, Clays E, Flórez MR, Balcaen L, Resano M, Aramendia M, Vanhaecke F, Rivet N, Raul JS, Lanfer A, De Henauw S. Cross-sectional relationship between chronic stress and mineral concentrations in hair of elementary school girls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:41-9. [PMID: 23546894 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress exposure is associated with diverse negative health outcomes. It has been hypothesised that stress may also negatively affect the body's mineral status. This study investigates the association between chronic stress and long-term mineral concentrations of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in scalp hair among elementary school girls. Complete information on child-reported stress estimates (Coddington Life Events Scale (CLES)), hair cortisone and hair mineral concentrations, and predefined confounders in the stress-mineral relationship (i.e. age, body mass index, physical activity, diet, hair colour and parental education) was provided cross-sectionally for 140 girls (5-10 years old). The relationship between childhood stress measures (predictor) and hair minerals (outcome) was studied using linear regression analysis, adjusted for the abovementioned confounders. Hair cortisone concentrations were inversely associated with hair mineral concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn and the Ca/P ratio. Children at risk by life events (CLES) presented an elevated Ca/Mg ratio. These findings were persistent after adjustment for confounders. This study demonstrated an independent association between chronic stress measures and hair mineral levels in young girls, indicating the importance of physiological stress-mineral pathways independently from individual or behavioural factors. Findings need to be confirmed in a more heterogeneous population and on longitudinal basis. The precise mechanisms by which stress alters hair mineral levels should be further elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vanaelst
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 2 block A, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reisch LA, Gwozdz W, Barba G, De Henauw S, Lascorz N, Pigeot I. Experimental evidence on the impact of food advertising on children's knowledge about and preferences for healthful food. J Obes 2013; 2013:408582. [PMID: 23691285 PMCID: PMC3652142 DOI: 10.1155/2013/408582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the rising prevalence of childhood obesity in affluent societies, it is necessary to take into account the growing obesity infrastructure, which over past decades has developed into an obesogenic environment. This study examines the effects of one of the constituent factors of consumer societies and a potential contributory factor to childhood obesity: commercial food communication targeted to children. Specifically, it investigates the impact of TV advertising on children's food knowledge and food preferences and correlates these findings with their weight status. Evaluations of traditional information- and education-based interventions suggest that they may not sustainably change food patterns. Based on prior consumer research, we propose five hypotheses, which we then test using a subsample from the IDEFICS study, a large-scale pan-European intervention study on childhood obesity. The results indicate that advertising has divergent effects on children's food knowledge and preferences and that food knowledge is unrelated to food preferences. This finding has important implications for both future research and public policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A Reisch
- Copenhagen Business School, Porcelaenshaven 18, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dello Russo M, Ahrens W, De Vriendt T, Marild S, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Reeske A, Veidebaum T, Kourides YA, Barba G, Siani A. Gestational weight gain and adiposity, fat distribution, metabolic profile, and blood pressure in offspring: the IDEFICS project. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:914-9. [PMID: 23567926 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and total adiposity, body fat distribution, blood pressure (BP), and metabolic profile in offspring. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), waist, subscapular and tricipital skinfolds, and BP were measured and blood samples drawn in 12 775 children (aged 2-9 years) from the IDEFICS cohort. Overweight/obesity was defined by IOTF criteria. Parents filled in a questionnaire investigating child and familiar medical history and lifestyle. A section was dedicated to pregnancy history (including GWG). RESULTS Anthropometric indices linearly and significantly increased across GWG tertiles (BMI z-score: tertile I =0.08, 0.03-0.13; tertile II =0.16, 0.12-0.21; tertile III =0.34, 0.28-0.40, P<0.01, mean, 95% CI) by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by child sex, age and practice of sport, birth weight, current maternal BMI, parental education, gestational age, age at delivery, alcohol and smoking during pregnancy, maternal diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and breastfeeding duration. After inclusion of BMI z-score among covariates, HbA1c significantly increased across tertiles (P=0.009) while no differences were observed for BP, serum insulin, HOMA index, blood glucose and lipids. The adjusted risk of overweight/obesity significantly increased by 14 and 22% in tertiles II and III respectively, in comparison with tertile I by logistic regression analysis controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION Maternal GWG is an independent predictor of total adiposity and body fat distribution in offspring during infancy. Exposure to perinatal factors should be taken into account for early prevention of overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dello Russo
- Epidemiology & Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Börnhorst C, Bel-Serrat S, Pigeot I, Huybrechts I, Ottavaere C, Sioen I, De Henauw S, Mouratidou T, Mesana MI, Westerterp K, Bammann K, Lissner L, Eiben G, Pala V, Rayson M, Krogh V, Moreno LA. Validity of 24-h recalls in (pre-)school aged children: comparison of proxy-reported energy intakes with measured energy expenditure. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:79-84. [PMID: 23622780 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the validity of repeated 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) as a measure of total energy intake (EI) in young children. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of proxy-reported EI by comparison with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique. METHODS The agreement between EI and TEE was investigated in 36 (47.2% boys) children aged 4-10 years from Belgium and Spain using subgroup analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Low-energy-reporters (LER), adequate-energy-reporters (AER) and high-energy-reporters (HER) were defined from the ratio of EI over TEE by application of age- and sex-specific cut-off values. RESULTS There was good agreement between means of EI (1500 kcal/day) and TEE (1523 kcal/day) at group level though in single children, i.e. at the individual level, large differences were observed. Almost perfect agreement between EI and TEE was observed in thin/normal weight children (EI: 1511 kcal/day; TEE: 1513 kcal/day). Even in overweight/obese children the mean difference between EI and TEE was only -86 kcal/day. Among the participants, 28 (78%) were classified as AER, five (14%) as HER and three (8%) as LER. CONCLUSION Two proxy-reported 24-HDRs were found to be a valid instrument to assess EI on group level but not on the individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Börnhorst
- BIPS - Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - S Bel-Serrat
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Pigeot
- BIPS - Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - I Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Dietary Exposure Assessment Groups, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - C Ottavaere
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; University College Ghent, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Care "Vesalius", Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Mouratidou
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M I Mesana
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - K Westerterp
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - K Bammann
- BIPS - Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Bremen, Germany; Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - L Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V Pala
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Rayson
- BioTel Ltd. Clifton, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - V Krogh
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vanaelst B, Huybrechts I, Michels N, Flórez MR, Aramendía M, Balcaen L, Resano M, Vanhaecke F, Bammann K, Bel-Serrat S, De Henauw S. Hair minerals and metabolic health in Belgian elementary school girls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:335-43. [PMID: 23254772 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Literature has repeatedly shown a relationship between hair minerals and metabolic health, although studies in children are currently lacking. This study aims to investigate hair levels of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) and their association with (1) overweight/obesity and (2) metabolic health in Flemish elementary school girls between 5 and 10 years old. Two hundred eighteen girls participated in this study as part of the baseline ChiBS project. Children were subjected to physical examinations, blood and hair sampling. Hair minerals were quantitatively determined via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were studied as anthropometric parameters, and a metabolic score (including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol as parameters) was calculated, with higher scores indicating a more unhealthy metabolic profile. Hair Ca, Ca/Mg, and Ca/P positively correlated with the anthropometric parameters. An inverse correlation was observed between Ca, Mg, and Ca/P in hair and the metabolic score. Inverse correlations were also observed for individual metabolic parameters (i.e., diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, non-HDL cholesterol). In particular, girls with a total number of three or more metabolic parameters above the age-specific 75th percentile showed significantly reduced hair Ca, Mg, and Ca/P concentrations. This study showed reduced hair mineral concentrations in young girls with a more unhealthy metabolic profile. Positive associations were observed between some minerals and BMI and BF%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vanaelst
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital, Block A, 2nd floor, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Association Between Childhood Stress and Body Composition, and the Role of Stress-Related Lifestyle Factors—Cross-sectional Findings from the Baseline ChiBS Survey. Int J Behav Med 2013; 21:292-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Foley LS, Maddison R, Rush E, Olds TS, Ridley K, Jiang Y. Doubly labeled water validation of a computerized use-of-time recall in active young people. Metabolism 2013; 62:163-9. [PMID: 22980224 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low levels of daily energy expenditure (insufficient physical activity and increased sedentary time) have been associated with adverse health outcomes in young people. The Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA) is a computerized, self-report, use-of-time tool that can assess daily energy expenditure. The study aim was to validate the MARCA for the estimation of energy expenditure in young people, using the criterion standard doubly labeled water. MATERIALS/METHODS Over a 15 day assessment period, 32 participants (10-18 years) completed the MARCA and underwent a doubly labeled water protocol. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess resting metabolic rate. Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) and activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) were estimated from both the MARCA and doubly labeled water. Association and agreement between methods for TEE and AEE were assessed using Spearman correlations and Bland-Altman plots, respectively. RESULTS Compared to doubly labeled water, the MARCA over-estimated TEE by an average of 50 kcal/day (limits of agreement -1 589 to 1 490 kcal/day) and under-estimated AEE 105 kcal/day (limits of agreement -1 404 to 1 614 kcal/day). The MARCA showed strong correlation with doubly labeled water for TEE (rho=0.70, p<0.0001) and moderate correlation for AEE (rho=0.56, p=0.0009). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the MARCA indicated moderate validity for the assessment of daily TEE and AEE. The wide limits of agreement indicate the MARCA has greater utility for group-level rather than individual-level estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Foley
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ojiambo R, Konstabel K, Veidebaum T, Reilly J, Verbestel V, Huybrechts I, Sioen I, Casajús JA, Moreno LA, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Bammann K, Tubic BM, Marild S, Westerterp K, Pitsiladis YP. Validity of hip-mounted uniaxial accelerometry with heart-rate monitoring vs. triaxial accelerometry in the assessment of free-living energy expenditure in young children: the IDEFICS Validation Study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1530-6. [PMID: 22995396 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01290.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the aims of Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS) validation study is to validate field measures of physical activity (PA) and energy expenditure (EE) in young children. This study compared the validity of uniaxial accelerometry with heart-rate (HR) monitoring vs. triaxial accelerometry against doubly labeled water (DLW) criterion method for assessment of free-living EE in young children. Forty-nine European children (25 female, 24 male) aged 4-10 yr (mean age: 6.9 ± 1.5 yr) were assessed by uniaxial ActiTrainer with HR, uniaxial 3DNX, and triaxial 3DNX accelerometry. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated using DLW over a 1-wk period. The longitudinal axis of both devices and triaxial 3DNX counts per minute (CPM) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with physical activity level (PAL; r = 0.51 ActiTrainer, r = 0.49 uniaxial-3DNX, and r = 0.42 triaxial Σ3DNX). Eight-six percent of the variance in TEE could be predicted by a model combining body mass (partial r(2) = 71%; P < 0.05), CPM-ActiTrainer (partial r(2) = 11%; P < 0.05), and difference between HR at moderate and sedentary activities (ModHR - SedHR) (partial r(2) = 4%; P < 0.05). The SE of TEE estimate for ActiTrainer and 3DNX models ranged from 0.44 to 0.74 MJ/days or ∼7-11% of the average TEE. The SE of activity-induced energy expenditure (AEE) model estimates ranged from 0.38 to 0.57 MJ/day or 24-26% of the average AEE. It is concluded that the comparative validity of hip-mounted uniaxial and triaxial accelerometers for assessing PA and EE is similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ojiambo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Michels N, Vanaelst B, Vyncke K, Sioen I, Huybrechts I, De Vriendt T, De Henauw S. Children's Body composition and Stress - the ChiBS study: aims, design, methods, population and participation characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 70:17. [PMID: 22958377 PMCID: PMC3524083 DOI: 10.1186/0778-7367-70-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The last decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased. Apart from other lifestyle factors, the effect of chronic psychosocial stress on the development of obesity has been recognized. However, more research is needed into the influence of chronic stress on appetite regulation, energy balance and body composition, as well as on the interaction with physical activity/sedentary behavior, diet and sleep in children. In this regard, the ChiBS study (Children's Body composition and Stress) was designed at the Ghent University. Within this paper, we describe the aims, design, methods, participation and population characteristics of the ChiBS study. METHODS The influence of chronic stress on changes in body composition is investigated over a two-year follow-up period (February-June 2010, 2011 and 2012) in primary-school children between 6 and 12 years old in the city Aalter (Flanders, Belgium).Stress is measured by child- and parent-reported stress-questionnaires, as well as by objective stress biomarkers (serum, salivary and hair cortisol) and heart rate variability. Body composition is evaluated using basic anthropometric measurements and air displacement plethysmography. Additional information on socio-economic status, medical history, physical activity, dietary intake and sleep are obtained by questionnaires, and physical activity by accelerometers. RESULTS The participation percentage was 68.7% (N = 523/761), with 71.3% of the children willing to participate in the first follow-up survey. Drop-out proportions were highest for serum sampling (12.1%), salivary sampling (8.3%) and heart rate variability measurements (7.4%). DISCUSSION The ChiBS project is unique in its setting: its standardized and longitudinal approach provides valuable data and new insights into the relationship between stress and changes in body composition in a large cohort of young children. In addition, this study allows an in-depth investigation of the validity of the different methods that were used to assess stress levels in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 2 Blok A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Horner FE, Rayson MP, Bilzon JLJ. Reliability and validity of the 3DNX accelerometer during mechanical and human treadmill exercise testing. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35 Suppl 1:S88-97. [PMID: 21483427 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the 3DNX triaxial accelerometer in a laboratory and mechanical setting. METHODS Experiment 1: A total of 10 units were fixed to a Multi-axis shaker table. A schedule comprising a range of accelerations was repeated on two occasions along each of the three measurement axes. Experiment 2: A total of 11 recreationally active individuals completed a treadmill protocol (4-20 km hr(-1)) on two occasions. Two 3DNX accelerometers were secured to the lower back, logging data every 5 s. Oxygen uptake was measured using the Douglas Bag technique. Reliability inter- and intra-units were assessed using a combination of limits of agreement (LoA), coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was assessed using simple linear regression. All data are expressed in counts per 5 s (counts 5 s(-1)). RESULTS Experiment 1: CV(intra) ranged from 0.0 to 8.9% in all axes. The absolute bias±95% LoA values were all below four counts 5 s(-1). CV(inter) did not rise above 4.5%. ICCs were 1.0 for all stages in all axes. The relationship between 3DNX counts and acceleration yielded an R(2) value of 0.99 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of six counts 5 s(-1). Experiment 2: CV(inter) ranged from 7.7 to 16.0% for trial 1 and from 7.7 to 16.2% for trial 2. ICCs between units ranged from 0.95 to 1.00 for trial 1 and from 0.90 to 0.99 for trial 2. Mean ratio bias±95% LoA values for intra-unit and inter-unit reliability were -0.7% (P>0.05)±12.4% and 0.4% (P>0.05)±5.6%, respectively. The relationship between VO(2) and 3DNX counts for walking and running was linear (R(2)=0.65, SEE=1.42 ml kg(-1) min(-1); R(2)=0.62, SEE=3.63 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). CONCLUSION The 3DNX accelerometer is a reliable and valid device for measuring acceleration in a mechanical setting and during human treadmill exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E Horner
- Department for Health, Sport Health and Exercise Science, University of Bath, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study was set up to determine the aetiology of overweight, obesity and related disorders in children, and to develop and evaluate a tailored primary prevention programme. OBJECTIVE This paper focuses on the aetiological element of the multicentre study, the measures and examinations, sociodemographic characteristics of the study sample and proportions of participation. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with an embedded intervention study that started with a baseline survey in eight countries in 2007-2008. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS Baseline participants of the prospective cohort study were 16,224 children aged 2-9 years. Parents reported sociodemographic, behavioural, medical, nutritional and other lifestyle data for their children and families. Examinations of children included anthropometry, blood pressure, fitness, accelerometry, DNA from saliva and physiological markers in blood and urine. The built environment, sensory taste perception and other mechanisms of children's food choices and consumer behaviour were studied in subgroups. RESULTS Between 1507 and 2567, children with a mean age of 6.0 years and an even sex distribution were recruited from each country. Of them, 82% lived in two-parent families. The distribution of standardised income levels differed by study sample, with low-income groups being strongly represented in Cyprus, Italy and Germany. At least one 24-h dietary recall was obtained for two-thirds of the children. Blood pressure and anthropometry were assessed in more than 90%. A 3-day accelerometry was performed in 46%, motor fitness was assessed in 41%, cardiorespiratory fitness in 35% and ∼11% participated in taste perception tests. The proportion of children donating venous blood, urine and saliva was 57, 86 and 88%, respectively. CONCLUSION The IDEFICS cohort provides valuable data to investigate the interplay of social, environmental, genetic, physiological and behavioural factors in the development of major diet- and lifestyle-related disorders affecting children at present.
Collapse
|
26
|
Page AS, Winklhofer-Roob BM. Five-minutes-to-twelve for implementation of early changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviour across Europe. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35 Suppl 1:S1-2. [PMID: 21483408 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|