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Gu R, Dai F, Xiang C, Chen J, Yang D, Tan W, Wang Z, Liu H, Cheng Y. BMP4 participates in the pathogenesis of PCOS by regulating glucose metabolism and autophagy in granulosa cells under hyperandrogenic environment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 235:106410. [PMID: 37858799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrine disease characterized by ovulation dysfunction with multiple etiologies and manifestations, and it is widely believed that the disorders of hyper-androgen and glucose metabolism play a key role in its progression. There has been evidence that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is essential for the regulation of granulosa cells, but whether it regulates metabolism level of granulosa cells under hyperandrogenic environment remains unclear. In this study, Gene Expression Omnibus, clinical data and serum of PCOS patient were collected to detect androgen and BMP4 levels. KGN cells exposed to androgens as a model for simulating PCOS granulosa cells. Lactate/pyruvate kits, and Extracellular Acidification Rate and Oxygen Consumption Rate assay were performed to detect glycolysis and autophagy levels of granulosa cells. Lentivirus infection was used to investigate the effects of BMP4 on granulosa cells. RNA-seq were performed to explore the special mechanism. We found that BMP4 was increased in PCOS patients with hyper-androgen and granulosa cells with dihydrotestosterone treatment. Mechanically, on the one hand, hyperandrogenemia can up-regulate BMP4 secretion and induce glycolysis and autophagy levels. On the other hand, we found that hyperandrogenic-induced YAP1 upregulation may mediate BMP4 to increase glycolysis level and decrease autophagy, which plays a protective role in granulosa cells to ensure subsequent energy utilization and mitochondrial function. Overall, we innovated on the protective effect of BMP4 on glycolysis and autophagy disorders induced by excessive androgen in granulosa cells. Our study will provide guidance for future understanding of PCOS from a metabolic perspective and for exploring treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Caidian District People's Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Alregaiey KA, Alfadda AA, Alsaber NS, Bedaiwi AM, Almubarak FR, Bin Muammar AF, Alfaifi RA, Alquwayfili MN, Alyami RM, Iqbal M. Analysis of Gremlin 1 Levels Following Sleeve Gastrectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e48738. [PMID: 37965235 PMCID: PMC10642626 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, we aimed to assess the levels of Gremlin 1, an adipokine with a rich repertoire of metabolic effects, in association with the glycemic and lipid parameters after sleeve gastrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted on 31 males with obesity aged 25 to 50 years who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Plasma Gremlin 1 levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at baseline and 6-12 months after the operation, along with body mass index, insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. RESULTS Plasma Gremlin 1 levels were elevated (148.19±17.43 vs. 193.29±19.82 ng/mL, p < 0.05) after sleeve gastrectomy. This was accompanied by a decrease in body mass index (from 51.47±1.71 to 39.23±1.56 kg/m2, p < 0.05). Insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) also exhibited a significant decrease (19.69±1.81 vs. 8.98±1.09 mIU/L and 6.52±0.98 vs. 2.57±0.036 p < 0.05, respectively) in the postoperative period. Total cholesterol levels were significantly increased after surgery (4.29±0.16 to 5.10±0.16, p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Gremlin 1 was positively correlated with insulin before surgery, but there was no significant correlation after surgery. CONCLUSION The circulating Gremlin 1 levels were elevated postoperatively among our participants. The improvement in insulin sensitivity appears to be independent of the reported antagonistic effects of Gremlin 1.
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Guo Y, Wang N, Dong Y, Li X, Liu Q, Liu Q, Wang G, Qin M, Zhang Z, Song J, Liu Y, Chi H, Zhong J. Plasma levels of bone morphogenic protein-4 are downregulated in elderly hypertensive patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Clin Biochem 2023; 116:31-37. [PMID: 36935066 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) levels and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in elderly hypertensive patients. METHODS A total of 222 hypertensive individuals meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled from October 2021 to July 2022. Data were collected including clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and echocardiogram measurements. Plasma BMP-4 levels were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. RESULTS Among 222 elderly hypertensive patients, 149 were without HF, 59 had HFpEF, and 14 had HFmrEF. Plasma BMP-4 levels were strikingly downregulated in hypertensive patients with HFpEF/HFmrEF [median (25th, 75th percentile): 15.89 (7.69, 23.12) pg/mL vs. 19.67 (10.60, 33.04) pg/mL; P = 0.002]. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of HFpEF/HFmrEF was declined in the 4th quartile BMP-4 group when compared with the 1st quartile BMP-4 group (odds ratio, 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04 to 1.00; P = 0.050, P for trend = 0.025). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that BMP-4 ≤ 28.5 pg/mL exhibited a sensitivity of 95.9% and a specificity of 28.2% in HFpEF/HFmrEF diagnosis. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.619 (95% CI:0.540-0.698, P < 0.001). The corresponding AUC for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was 0.781 (95% CI: 0.710-0.852), P < 0.001. Adding BMP-4 to BNP increased the AUC to 0.790 (95% CI: 0.724-0.856), vs. BMP-4, P < 0.001; vs. BNP, P = 0.730, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Plasma BMP-4 levels are downregulated in elderly hypertensive patients with HFpEF. BMP-4 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing HFpEF/HFmrEF during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Chi
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Jang AY, Rod-In W, Monmai C, Sohn M, Kim TR, Jeon MG, Park WJ. Anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 via eicosanoid regulation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:67-75. [PMID: 34688224 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation RAW264.7 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS To evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of L. reuteri LM1071, LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used. Gene expression levels of eight immune-associated genes including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and protein production levels of COX-1 and COX-2 were analysed. Moreover, the production of eicosanoids as important biomarkers for anti-inflammation was determined. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that L. reuteri LM1071 has anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the production of inflammation mediators such as NO, eicosanoids such as PGE1 & PGE2, pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX proteins. It can also enhance the production of inflammatory associated genes such as IL-11, BMP4, LEFTY2 and EET metabolite. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactobacillus reuteri is one of the crucial bacteria for food fermentation. It can be found in the gastrointestinal system of human and animals. Several studies have shown that L. reuteri has valuable effects on host health. The current study firstly demonstrated that L. reuteri has a beneficial effect on the inflammation containing the variation of eicosanoids (PGE1 and PGE2) which are one of the most important biomarkers and moreover eicosanoid-associated genes as well as proteins (COX-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Yeong Jang
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-In
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Minn Sohn
- Center for Research and Development, LACTOMASON, Jinju, Korea
| | - Tae-Rahk Kim
- Center for Research and Development, LACTOMASON, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Jeon
- Center for Research and Development, LACTOMASON, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
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5
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Van de Velde F, Ouwens DM, Batens AH, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Lapauw B. Divergent dynamics in systemic and tissue-specific metabolic and inflammatory responses during weight loss in subjects with obesity. Cytokine 2021; 144:155587. [PMID: 34052657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dysfunction of adipose and muscle tissue associates with obesity-related co-morbidities such as insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation. This study investigates changes in systemic and tissue-specific markers of IR and inflammation after gastric bypass surgery (GBS) in subjects with obesity. METHODS Prospective study, twenty subjects with obesity (50 ± 10 years, 14 men). Prior to, and six months and one year after GBS, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle and fasting serum samples were collected. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and insulin were determined using standard laboratory assays and serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels were determined using ELISA. Tissue mRNA expression of inflammation and insulin/glucose metabolism markers were analyzed using qPCR. RESULTS After GBS, HOMA-IR, CRP and IL-6 serum levels decreased. In SAT, expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), IL-6, IL-10 and MCP1 decreased and GLUT4 increased (all p < 0.05). In muscle, expression of BMP4, GLUT4 and IL-6 decreased and of MCP1 and IRS-1 increased (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic improvements in inflammation and IR after GBS are only partially mirrored by corresponding changes in adipokine and myokine expression patterns. As changes in expression of other markers of inflammation and insulin/glucose metabolism appear less consistent and even divergent between tissues, the inflammatory and IR status at systemic level cannot be extrapolated to the situation in metabolically active tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Yves Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Yang D, Yang X, Dai F, Wang Y, Yang Y, Hu M, Cheng Y. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Ovarian Function and Diseases. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3316-3330. [PMID: 33966186 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the largest subfamily of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP4 is a secreted protein that was originally identified due to its role in bone and cartilage development. Over the past decades, extensive literature has indicated that BMP4 and its receptors are widely expressed in the ovary. Dysregulation of BMP4 expression may play a vital role in follicular development, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian cancer. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of BMP4 in the ovary, focused on the role of BMP4 in follicular development and steroidogenesis, and discussed the role of BMP4 in ovarian diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian cancer. Some studies have shown that the expression of BMP4 in the ovary is spatiotemporal and species specific, but the effects of BMP4 seem to be similar in follicular development of different species. In addition, BMP4 is involved in the development of hyperandrogenemia in PCOS and drug resistance in ovarian cancer, but further research is still needed to clarify the specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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7
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Eckhardt BL, Cao Y, Redfern AD, Chi LH, Burrows AD, Roslan S, Sloan EK, Parker BS, Loi S, Ueno NT, Lau PKH, Latham B, Anderson RL. Activation of Canonical BMP4-SMAD7 Signaling Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1304-1315. [PMID: 31941699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with cancer; with no therapeutic cure, treatments remain largely palliative. As such, new targets and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) blocks metastasis in animal models of breast cancer and predicts improved survival in patients. In preclinical models of spontaneous metastasis, BMP4 acted as an autocrine mediator to modulate a range of known metastasis-regulating genes, including Smad7, via activation of canonical BMP-SMAD signaling. Restored BMP4 expression or therapeutically administered BMP4 protein, blocked metastasis and increased survival by sensitizing cancer cells to anoikis, thereby reducing the number of circulating tumor cells. Gene silencing of Bmp4 or its downstream mediator Smad7, reversed this phenotype. Administration of recombinant BMP4 markedly reduced spontaneous metastasis to lung and bone. Elevated levels of BMP4 and SMAD7 were prognostic for improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer, indicating the importance of canonical BMP4 signaling in the suppression of metastasis and highlighting new avenues for therapy against metastatic disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting the BMP4-SMAD7 signaling axis presents a novel therapeutic strategy to combat metastatic breast cancer, a disease that has had no reduction in patient mortality over 20 years. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/6/1304/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lap Hing Chi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suraya Roslan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter K H Lau
- Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Rupérez AI, Gomez-Llorente C, Olza J, Vázquez-Cobela R, Gil-Campos M, Bueno G, Leis R, Cañete R, Moreno LA, Gil A, Aguilera CM. Effects of X-chromosome Tenomodulin Genetic Variants on Obesity in a Children's Cohort and Implications of the Gene in Adipocyte Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3979. [PMID: 30850679 PMCID: PMC6408551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has been recently linked to obesity, and it is highly expressed in obese adipose tissue. Several sex-dependent associations have been observed between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNMD gene, which is located in the X-chromosome, and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome in adults. On the other hand, results are lacking for children. We aimed (i) to study the association between TNMD genetic variants and metabolic complications related to childhood obesity and (ii) to investigate the function of TNMD in human adipocytes. We conducted a case-control, multicenter study in 915 Spanish children and demonstrated significant positive associations between TNMD genetic variants and BMI z-score, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in boys, highlighting the SNP rs4828038. Additionally, we showed a BMI-adjusted inverse association with waist circumference in girls. Second, in vitro experiments revealed that TNMD is involved in adipogenesis, along with glucose and lipid metabolism in differentiated adipocytes, and these effects may be mediated through AMPK activation. Hence, these results suggest that TNMD genetic variants could be potentially useful as early life risk indicators for obesity and T2DM. In addition, we support the fact that TNMD exhibits significant metabolic functions in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón),, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Cañete
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Paediatrics, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón),, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Concepcion Maria Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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9
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Sayadi LR, Obagi Z, Banyard DA, Ziegler ME, Prussak J, Tomlinson L, Evans GRD, Widgerow AD. Platelet-Rich Plasma, Adipose Tissue, and Scar Modulation. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:1351-1362. [PMID: 29617719 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohrasb R Sayadi
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Zaidal Obagi
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Derek A Banyard
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Mary E Ziegler
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Jordyne Prussak
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Luke Tomlinson
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- Department of Plastic Surgery Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
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10
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Lee MJ. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily regulation of adipose tissue biology in obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1160-1171. [PMID: 29409985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of dysfunctional white adipose tissues increases risks for cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. In addition to white, brown or brite adipose tissues are also present in adult humans and increasing their amount may be protective. Therefore, understanding factors regulating the amount and function of each adipose depot is crucial for developing therapeutic targets for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, which consists of TGFβ, BMPs, GDFs, and activins, controls multiple aspects of adipose biology. This review focuses on the recent development in understanding the role of TGFβ superfamily in the regulation of white, brite and brown adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue fibrosis, and adipocyte metabolic and endocrine functions. TGFβ family and their antagonists are produced locally within adipose tissues and their expression levels are altered in obesity. We also discuss their potential contribution to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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11
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Šnajder D, Perić Kačarević Ž, Grgić A, Bijelić N, Fenrich M, Belovari T, Radić R. Effect of different combination of maternal and postnatal diet on adipose tissue morphology in male rat offspring. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:1838-1846. [PMID: 29295664 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1419181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose tissue expansion can occur through several different ways and, under certain conditions, can be connected with chronic inflammation. TNF-α is one of the important cytokines involved in this process. Prolonged inflammation in obesity can lead to obesity-related insulin resistance and tissue dysfunction. The aim of our study was to investigate how different combination of maternal and postnatal diet affects offspring adipose tissue morphology and adipose tissue TNF-α expression. METHODS Ten female Sprague Dawley rats, 9 weeks old, were randomly divided into two groups and fed either standard laboratory chow or food rich in saturated fatty acids during 6 weeks and then mated with the same male rat. After birth and lactation male rat offspring from both groups were divided into four subgroups depending on the diet they were fed until 22 weeks old. Samples of white adipose tissue were taken from the subcutaneous, epididymal, and perirenal fat pad. On tissue sections, histomorphometric analysis was conducted using CellProfiler program v 2.1.1, and immunohistochemical staining for TNF-α was performed. RESULTS Greater mean surface area of subcutaneous and epididymal adipocytes was found in groups of male rat offspring with altered diet. In perirenal adipose tissue, the highest number of adipocytes was measured in the group where both mother and offspring were fed a high-fat diet. Adipocyte staining intensity for TNF-α did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Together with our previously published data, our results lead to the conclusion that alteration of postnatal diet can lead to TNF-α and adipocyte morphology changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Šnajder
- a Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,b Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Željka Perić Kačarević
- a Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Anđela Grgić
- a Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,c Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University Hospital Osijek , Bizovac , Croatia
| | - Nikola Bijelić
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Matija Fenrich
- a Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Tatjana Belovari
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Radivoje Radić
- a Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
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12
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BMPs as new insulin sensitizers: enhanced glucose uptake in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes via PPARγ and GLUT4 upregulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17192. [PMID: 29222456 PMCID: PMC5722815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-resistance is the main cause of type 2 diabetes. Here we describe the identification and characterization of BMP2 and BMP6 as new insulin-sensitizing growth factors in mature adipocytes. We show that BMP2 and BMP6 lead to enhanced insulin-mediated glucose uptake in both insulin-sensitive and -insensitive adipocytes. We exclude a direct effect of BMP2 or BMP6 on translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and demonstrate that these BMPs increase GLUT4 protein levels equipotent to Rosiglitazone. BMPs induce expression of PPARγ as the crucial mediator for the insulin-sensitizing effect. A comprehensive RNA-Seq analysis in mature adipocytes revealed regulation of both BMP/Smad and PPARγ target genes. The effects of BMP2 and BMP6 are not completely redundant and include regulation of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism and adipokine expression. Collectively, these findings suggest the BMP2 and BMP6 pathway(s) as promising new drug targets to treat insulin resistance.
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Wang X, Chen J, Li L, Zhu CL, Gao J, Rampersad S, Bu L, Qu S. New association of bone morphogenetic protein 4 concentrations with fat distribution in obesity and Exenatide intervention on it. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:70. [PMID: 28376799 PMCID: PMC5379507 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) has been proven to regulate white adipogensis. We aimed to demonstrate the correlation of BMP-4 with fat distribution and Exenatide treatment on it. Methods We enrolled 69 obese patients. Anthropometric and metabolic indexes were collected. Fat distribution was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BPM-4 levels were assessed using enzyme-link immunosorbent assay kit. 30 obese patients were treated with Exenatide twice a day. Change in body weight, metabolic-related indices and BPM-4 levels were evaluated after 18 weeks. Results 1) The mean(±SD) BMP-4 levels were 763.98 ± 324.11 pg/ml in the obese. BPM-4 levels were significantly positively correlated with estimated visceral adipose tissue mass in all subjects and also in females (r = 0.377, r = 0.625, respectively,all P < 0.05). BPM-4 levels were also significantly positively correlated with body mass index, hip circumference and total fat% in females (r = 0.375,r = 0.429,r = 0.493,respectively, all P < 0.05). BPM-4 levels were negatively correlated with total cholesterol(TC) in all subjects and males also (r = −0.373,r = −0.332,respectively, all P < 0.05). BPM-4 levels were also significantly positively correlated with free triiodothyronine in males (r = 0.441, P < 0.05). 3) Multivariate analyses showed that TC was risk factor of BMP-4 concentration in males and Est.VAT Area was risk factor of BMP-4 levels in females. 4) BMP-4 levels were significantly higher in the obesity with slightly increased thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) than the obesity without slightly increased TSH (902.08 ± 354.74 pg/ml vs. 720.24 ± 306.41 pg/ml, P < 0.05). 5) Exenatide treatment leads to a significant decreased in BMP-4 from 860.05 ± 352.65 pg/ml to 649.44 + 277.49 pg/ml independent of weight loss(P < 0.05). Conclusion BMP-4 levels were associated with the visceral adipose tissue and may play a certain role in fat distribution and subclinical hypothyroidism in obesity. Exenatide treatment reduced BMP-4 levels independent of weight loss. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02118376, Registered 16 April.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Cui Ling Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingyang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Sharvan Rampersad
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Yan W, Zhang H, Li J, Shen C, Xia Y, Wang P, Zhang Y, Feng J, Shao S, Yu X, Fang D. BMP4 promotes a phenotype change of an esophageal squamous epithelium via up-regulation of KLF4. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:259-266. [PMID: 27693253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic lesion. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of KLF4 and BMP4 in the pathogenesis of Barrett's epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse the expression of KLF4, BMP4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5AC in human esophageal specimens. Human esophageal squamous epithelial cells were subjected to bile acid treatment and used in transfection experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of KLF4, BMP4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac. RESULTS In human tissues, Barrett's epithelium strongly expressed BMP4, p-Smad1/5/8 and KLF4. Furthermore, bile acids increased the expression of BMP4, KLF4, p-Smad1/5/8, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that BMP4 up-regulated the expression of KLF4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac, but Noggin, a specific BMP4 antagonist, can block the expression of KLF4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac induced by BMP4. However, BMP4 cannot induce the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac in cells with KLF4 siRNA, and Noggin cannot block the expression of KLF4, CDX2, MUC2 and MUC5ac in cells transfected with the KLF4 expression vector. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that BMP4 promotes a phenotype change of an esophageal squamous epithelium via up-regulation of KLF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yiju Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shunzi Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dianchun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Histing T, Andonyan A, Klein M, Scheuer C, Stenger D, Holstein JH, Veith NT, Pohlemann T, Menger MD. Obesity does not affect the healing of femur fractures in mice. Injury 2016; 47:1435-44. [PMID: 27156834 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is reported to be both protective and deleterious to bone. Lipotoxicity and inflammation might be responsible for bone loss through inhibition of osteoblasts and activation of osteoclasts. However, little is known whether obesity affects the process of fracture healing. Therefore, we studied the effect of high fat diet-induced (HFD) obesity on callus formation and bone remodelling in a closed femur fracture model in mice. Thirty-one mice were fed a diet containing 60kJ% fat (HFD) for a total of 20 weeks before fracture and during the entire postoperative observation period. Control mice (n=31) received a standard diet containing 10kJ% fat. Healing was analyzed using micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, serum and protein biochemical analysis at 2 and 4 weeks after fracture. HFD-fed mice showed a higher body weight and increased serum concentrations of leptin and interleukin-6 compared to controls. Within the callus tissue Western blot analyses revealed a higher expression of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) and a reduced expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. However, obesity did not affect the expression of BMP-2 and did not influence the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway during fracture healing. Although the bones of HFD-fed animals showed an increased number of adipocytes within the bone marrow, HFD did not increase callus adiposity. In addition, radiological and histomorphometric analysis could also not detect significant differences in bone formation between HFD-fed animals and controls. Accordingly, HFD did not affect bending stiffness after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. These findings indicate that obesity does not affect femur fracture healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - A Andonyan
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Klein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D Stenger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J H Holstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - N T Veith
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - T Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Cell Models and Their Application for Studying Adipogenic Differentiation in Relation to Obesity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071040. [PMID: 27376273 PMCID: PMC4964416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, the increasing prevalence of obesity has favored an intense study of adipose tissue biology and the precise mechanisms involved in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Adipocyte commitment and differentiation are complex processes, which can be investigated thanks to the development of diverse in vitro cell models and molecular biology techniques that allow for a better understanding of adipogenesis and adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity. The aim of the present work was to update the different animal and human cell culture models available for studying the in vitro adipogenic differentiation process related to obesity and its co-morbidities. The main characteristics, new protocols, and applications of the cell models used to study the adipogenesis in the last five years have been extensively revised. Moreover, we depict co-cultures and three-dimensional cultures, given their utility to understand the connections between adipocytes and their surrounding cells in adipose tissue.
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