1
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Fiala GJ, Lücke J, Huber S. Pro- and antitumorigenic functions of γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451070. [PMID: 38803018 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of T cells that are characterized by the expression of a TCR-γδ instead of a TCR-αβ. Despite being outnumbered by their αβ T cell counterpart in many tissues, studies from the last 20 years underline their important and non-redundant roles in tumor and metastasis development. However, whether a γδ T cell exerts pro- or antitumorigenic effects seems to depend on a variety of factors, many of them still incompletely understood today. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which γδ T cells exert these seemingly contradictory effector functions in mice and humans. Furthermore, we discuss the current view on inducing and inhibiting factors of γδ T cells during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina J Fiala
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Abstract
Unconventional T cells are a diverse and underappreciated group of relatively rare lymphocytes that are distinct from conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that mainly recognize antigens in the absence of classical restriction through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These non-MHC-restricted T cells include mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδ T cells and other, often poorly defined, subsets. Depending on the physiological context, unconventional T cells may assume either protective or pathogenic roles in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune responses in the kidney. Accordingly, experimental models and clinical studies have revealed that certain unconventional T cells are potential therapeutic targets, as well as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. The responsiveness of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and MAIT cells to many microbial pathogens, for example, has implications for early diagnosis, risk stratification and targeted treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. The expansion of non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells during cytomegalovirus infection and their contribution to viral clearance suggest that these cells can be harnessed for immune monitoring and adoptive immunotherapy in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, populations of NKT, MAIT or γδ T cells are involved in the immunopathology of IgA nephropathy and in models of glomerulonephritis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and kidney transplantation.
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3
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Polese B, Zhang H, Thurairajah B, King IL. Innate Lymphocytes in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32153574 PMCID: PMC7047158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a fundamental component of our host defense system that provides a dynamic physical and chemical barrier against pathogen invasion and environmental insults. Cutaneous barrier function is mediated by complex interactions between structural cells such as keratinocytes and diverse lineages of immune cells. In contrast to the protective role of these intercellular interactions, uncontrolled immune activation can lead to keratinocyte dysfunction and psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2% of the global population. Despite some differences between human and murine skin, animal models of psoriasiform inflammation have greatly informed clinical approaches to disease. These studies have helped to identify the interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17 axis as a central cytokine network that drives disease. In addition, they have led to the recent description of long-lived, skin-resident innate lymphocyte and lymphoid cells that accumulate in psoriatic lesions. Although not completely defined, these populations have both overlapping and unique functions compared to antigen-restricted αβ T lymphocytes, the latter of which are well-known to contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the diversity of innate lymphocytes and lymphoid cells found in mammalian skin with a special focus on αβ T cells, Natural Killer T cells and Innate Lymphoid cells. In addition, we discuss the effector functions of these unique leukocyte subsets and how each may contribute to different stages of psoriasis. A more complete understanding of these cell types that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system will hopefully lead to more targeted therapies that mitigate or prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polese
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bavanitha Thurairajah
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Bashaw AA, Teoh SM, Tuong ZK, Leggatt GR, Frazer IH, Chandra J. HPV16 E7-Driven Epithelial Hyperplasia Promotes Impaired Antigen Presentation and Regulatory T-Cell Development. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2467-2476.e3. [PMID: 31207230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses infect keratinocytes and can lead to hyperproliferative dysplasia and malignant transformation if not cleared by the immune system. Human papillomavirus has evolved an array of mechanisms to evade and manipulate the immune system to improve replication efficiency and promote persistent infection. We here demonstrate that hyperproliferative skin expressing the high-risk human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncogene as a transgene drives immunomodulation of dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in reduced capacity to take up antigen and prime effector CD4+ T cell responses. The phenotype of DCs in the E7-expressing hyperproliferative skin was not reversible by activation through intradermal immunization. Naïve CD4+ T cells primed by E7-driven hyperproliferative skin acquired FoxP3 expression and an anergic phenotype. DC and T help modulation was dependent on E7-retinoblastoma protein interaction-driven epithelial hyperproliferation, rather than on expression of E7. Inhibition of binding of E7 to retinoblastoma protein, and of consequent epithelial hyperplasia, was associated with normal skin DC phenotype, and T helper type 1 effector responses to immunization were restored. We conclude that human papillomavirus-induced epithelial hyperplasia modulates epithelial DCs and inhibits T helper type 1 immunity while polarizing T-cell differentiation to a regulatory or anergic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Assefa Bashaw
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siok M Teoh
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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5
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McCallion O, Hester J, Issa F. Deciphering the Contribution of γδ T Cells to Outcomes in Transplantation. Transplantation 2018; 102:1983-1993. [PMID: 29994977 PMCID: PMC6215479 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes expressing heterodimeric T-cell receptors composed of γ and δ chains. They are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous, innate yet also adaptive in behavior, and exhibit diverse activities spanning immunosurveillance, immunomodulation, and direct cytotoxicity. The specific responses of γδ T cells to allografts are yet to be fully elucidated with evidence of both detrimental and tolerogenic roles in different settings. Here we present an overview of γδ T-cell literature, consider ways in which their functional heterogeneity contributes to the outcomes after transplantation, and reflect on methods to harness their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McCallion
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou L, Liu M, Liang G, Yan R, Jiang Y, Hao J, Zhang X, Hu X, Huang Y, Wang R, Yin Z, Wu J, Luo G, He W. Vγ4 T Cells Inhibit the Pro-healing Functions of Dendritic Epidermal T Cells to Delay Skin Wound Closure Through IL-17A. Front Immunol 2018; 9:240. [PMID: 29483920 PMCID: PMC5816340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) and dermal Vγ4 T cells engage in wound re-epithelialization and skin inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether a functional link between Vγ4 T cell pro-inflammation and DETC pro-healing exists to affect the outcome of skin wound closure. Here, we revealed that Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A inhibited IGF-1 production by DETCs to delay skin wound healing. Epidermal IL-1β and IL-23 were required for Vγ4 T cells to suppress IGF-1 production by DETCs after skin injury. Moreover, we clarified that IL-1β rather than IL-23 played a more important role in inhibiting IGF-1 production by DETCs in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Together, these findings suggested a mechanistic link between Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A, epidermal IL-1β/IL-23, DETC-derived IGF-1, and wound-healing responses in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yangping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meixi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rongshuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Healing Center, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Rupeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Department of Endocrinology of Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
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7
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Bashaw AA, Leggatt GR, Chandra J, Tuong ZK, Frazer IH. Modulation of antigen presenting cell functions during chronic HPV infection. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 4:58-65. [PMID: 29179871 PMCID: PMC5883240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) infect basal keratinocytes, where in some individuals they evade host immune responses and persist. Persistent HR-HPV infection of the cervix causes precancerous neoplasia that can eventuate in cervical cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient in priming/cross-priming antigen-specific T cells and generating antiviral and antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. However, HR-HPV have adopted various immunosuppressive strategies, with modulation of DC function crucial to escape from the host adaptive immune response. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins alter recruitment and localization of epidermal DCs, while soluble regulatory factors derived from HPV-induced hyperplastic epithelium change DC development and influence initiation of specific cellular immune responses. This review focuses on current evidence for HR-HPV manipulation of antigen presentation in dendritic cells and escape from host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Assefa Bashaw
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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8
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Li Y, Huang Z, Yan R, Liu M, Bai Y, Liang G, Zhang X, Hu X, Chen J, Huang C, Liu B, Luo G, Wu J, He W. Vγ4 γδ T Cells Provide an Early Source of IL-17A and Accelerate Skin Graft Rejection. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2513-2522. [PMID: 28733202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated γδ T cells have been shown to accelerate allograft rejection. However, the precise role of skin-resident γδ T cells and their subsets-Vγ5 (epidermis), Vγ1, and Vγ4 (dermis)-in skin graft rejection have not been identified. Here, using a male to female skin transplantation model, we demonstrated that Vγ4 T cells, rather than Vγ1 or Vγ5 T cells, accelerated skin graft rejection and that IL-17A was essential for Vγ4 T-cell-mediated skin graft rejection. Moreover, we found that Vγ4 T cells were required for early IL-17A production in the transplanted area, both in skin grafts and in the host epidermis around grafts. Additionally, the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20-chemokine receptor 6 pathway was essential for recruitment of Vγ4 T cells to the transplantation area, whereas both IL-1β and IL-23 induced IL-17A production from infiltrating cells. Lastly, Vγ4 T-cell-derived IL-17A promoted the accumulation of mature dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes to subsequently regulate αβ T-cell function after skin graft transplantation. Taken together, our data reveal that Vγ4 T cells accelerate skin graft rejection by providing an early source of IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenggen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongshuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meixi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chibing Huang
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Saito T, Yano M, Ohki Y, Tomura M, Nakano N. Occludin Expression in Epidermal γδ T Cells in Response to Epidermal Stress Causes Them To Migrate into Draining Lymph Nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:62-71. [PMID: 28566372 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal γδ T cells that reside in the front line of the skin play a pivotal role in stress immune surveillance. However, it is not clear whether these cells are involved in further induction of immune responses after they are activated in dysregulated epidermis. In this study, we found that activated γδ T cells expressed occludin and migrated into draining lymph nodes in an occludin-dependent manner. Epidermal γδ T cells in occludin-deficient mice exhibited impairments in morphology changes and motility, although they expressed activation markers at levels comparable to those in wild-type cells. Occludin deficiency weakened the induction of allergen-induced contact hypersensitivity, primarily as the result of the impaired migration of epidermal γδ T cells. Thus, occludin expression by epidermal γδ T cells upon activation in response to epidermal stress allows them to move, which could be important for augmentation of immune responses via collaboration with other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Saito
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Michihiro Yano
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Yutaro Ohki
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Michio Tomura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8541, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakano
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
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10
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Jazayeri SD, Kuo PT, Leggatt GR, Frazer IH. HPV16-E7-Specific Activated CD8 T Cells in E7 Transgenic Skin and Skin Grafts. Front Immunol 2017; 8:524. [PMID: 28523003 PMCID: PMC5415560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 (E7) protein expression in skin promotes epithelial hyperproliferation and transformation to malignancy. Grafts of murine skin expressing E7 protein as a transgene in keratinocytes are not rejected from immunocompetent recipients, whereas grafts expressing ovalbumin (OVA), with or without coexpression of E7 protein, are promptly rejected, demonstrating that E7-associated non-antigen-specific local immunosuppression is not a major determinant of lack of rejection of E7 transgenic skin. To determine whether failure of rejection of E7 skin grafts is due to failure to attract E7-specific effector T cells, E7- and OVA-specific effector CD8+ T cells, activated in vitro, were transferred to animals bearing E7 transgenic skin grafts. Three days after T cell transfer, E7-specific T cells were present in significantly greater numbers than OVA-specific T cells in the grafted skin on animals bearing recently placed or healed E7 grafts, without graft rejection, and also in the ear skin of E7 transgenic animals, without obvious pathology. E7 and OVA-specific T cells were present in lesser numbers in healed E7 grafts than in recently placed grafts and in lesser numbers in recently placed E7 transgenic epidermal grafts without E7-associated hyperproliferation, derived from E7 transgenic mice with a mutated retinoblastoma gene. These data demonstrate that effector T cells are to some extent attracted to E7 transgenic skin specifically by E7 expression, but in large measure non-specifically by the epithelial proliferation associated with E7 expression, and by the local inflammation produced by grafting. Failure of E7 graft rejection was observed despite trafficking of E7-specific effector T cells to E7-expressing epithelium, a finding of consequence for immunotherapy of HPV 16 E7-associated human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula T Kuo
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ian H Frazer
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Coleman MA, Jessup CF, Bridge JA, Overgaard NH, Penko D, Walters S, Borg DJ, Galea R, Forbes JM, Thomas R, Coates PTC, Grey ST, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Antigen-encoding bone marrow terminates islet-directed memory CD8+ T-cell responses to alleviate islet transplant rejection. Diabetes 2016; 65:1328-1340. [PMID: 26961116 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet-specific memory T cells arise early in type 1 diabetes (T1D), persist for long periods, perpetuate disease and are rapidly reactivated by islet transplantation. As memory T cells are poorly controlled by 'conventional' therapies, memory T-cell mediated attack is a substantial challenge in islet transplantation and this will extend to application of personalized approaches using stem-cell derived replacement β cells. New approaches are required to limit memory autoimmune attack of transplanted islets or replacement β cells. Here we show that transfer of bone marrow encoding cognate antigen directed to dendritic cells, under mild, immune-preserving conditions inactivates established memory CD8+ T-cell populations and generates a long-lived, antigen-specific tolerogenic environment. Consequently, CD8+ memory T cell-mediated targeting of islet-expressed antigens is prevented and islet graft rejection alleviated. The immunological mechanisms of protection are mediated through deletion and induction of unresponsiveness in targeted memory T-cell populations. The data demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy effectively terminates antigen-specific memory T-cell responses and this can alleviate destruction of antigen-expressing islets. This addresses a key challenge facing islet transplantation and importantly, the clinical application of personalized β-cell replacement therapies using patient-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Coleman
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, AUSTRALIA Department of Anatomy & Histology, Flinders University, SA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jennifer A Bridge
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Nana H Overgaard
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Daniella Penko
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stacey Walters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ryan Galea
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Shane T Grey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - James W Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA.
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Hartwig T, Pantelyushin S, Croxford AL, Kulig P, Becher B. Dermal IL-17-producing γδ T cells establish long-lived memory in the skin. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3022-33. [PMID: 26332438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional αβ T cells have the ability to form a long-lasting resident memory T-cell (TRM ) population in nonlymphoid tissues after encountering foreign antigen. Conversely, the concept of 'innate memory', where the ability of nonadaptive branches of the immune system to deliver a rapid, strengthened immune response upon reinfection or rechallenge, is just emerging. Using the αβ T-cell-independent Aldara psoriasis mouse model in combination with genetic fate-mapping and reporter systems, we identified a subset of γδ T cells in mice that is capable of establishing a long-lived memory population in the skin. IL-17A/F-producing Vγ4(+) Vδ4(+) T cells populate and persist in the dermis for long periods of time after initial stimulation with Aldara. Experienced Vγ4(+) Vδ4(+) cells show enhanced effector functions and mediate an exacerbated secondary inflammatory response. In addition to identifying a unique feature of γδ T cells during inflammation, our results have direct relevance to the human disease as this quasi-innate memory provides a mechanistic insight into relapses and chronification of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hartwig
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Pantelyushin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew L Croxford
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Kulig
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bergot AS, Monnet N, Le Tran S, Mittal D, Al-Kouba J, Steptoe RJ, Grimbaldeston MA, Frazer IH, Wells JW. HPV16 E7 expression in skin induces TSLP secretion, type 2 ILC infiltration and atopic dermatitis-like lesions. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:540-7. [PMID: 25601274 PMCID: PMC4496302 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common pruritic and inflammatory skin disorder with unknown etiology. Most commonly occurring during early childhood, atopic dermatitis is associated with eczematous lesions and lichenification, in which the epidermis becomes hypertrophied resulting in thickening of the skin. In this study, we report an atopic dermatitis-like pathophysiology results in a murine model following the expression of the high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 oncoprotein E7 in keratinocytes under the Keratin 14 promoter. We show that HPV 16 E7 expression in the skin is associated with skin thickening, acanthosis and light spongiosis. Locally, HPV 16 E7 expressing skin secreted high levels of TSLP and contained increased numbers of ILCs. High levels of circulating IgE were associated with increased susceptibility to skin allergy in a model of cutaneous challenge, and to airway bronchiolar inflammation, enhanced airway goblet cell metaplasia and mucus production in a model of atopic march. Surprisingly, skin pathology occurred independently of T-cells and mast cells. Thus, our findings suggest that the expression of a single HPV oncogene in the skin can drive the onset of atopic dermatitis-like pathology through the induction of TSLP and type 2 ILC infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nastasia Monnet
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Son Le Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deepak Mittal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Al-Kouba
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele A Grimbaldeston
- Division of Human Immunology, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Bergot AS, Ford N, Leggatt GR, Wells JW, Frazer IH, Grimbaldeston MA. HPV16-E7 expression in squamous epithelium creates a local immune suppressive environment via CCL2- and CCL5- mediated recruitment of mast cells. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004466. [PMID: 25340820 PMCID: PMC4207828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 protein promotes the transformation of HPV infected epithelium to malignancy. Here, we use a murine model in which the E7 protein of HPV16 is expressed as a transgene in epithelium to show that mast cells are recruited to the basal layer of E7-expressing epithelium, and that this recruitment is dependent on the epithelial hyperproliferation induced by E7 by inactivating Rb dependent cell cycle regulation. E7 induced epithelial hyperplasia is associated with increased epidermal secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines, which attract mast cells to the skin. Mast cells in E7 transgenic skin, in contrast to those in non-transgenic skin, exhibit degranulation. Notably, we found that resident mast cells in E7 transgenic skin cause local immune suppression as evidenced by tolerance of E7 transgenic skin grafts when mast cells are present compared to the rejection of mast cell-deficient E7 grafts in otherwise competent hosts. Thus, our findings suggest that mast cells, recruited towards CCL2 and CCL5 expressed by epithelium induced to proliferate by E7, may contribute to an immunosuppressive environment that enables the persistence of HPV E7 protein induced pre-cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neill Ford
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham R. Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James W. Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michele A. Grimbaldeston
- Division of Human Immunology, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Hope CM, Grace BS, Pilkington KR, Coates PT, Bergmann IP, Carroll RP. The immune phenotype may relate to cancer development in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2014; 86:175-83. [PMID: 24429406 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers predict recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in kidney transplant recipients, and the Treg immune phenotype may identify kidney transplant recipients at risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and/or solid-organ cancer. To investigate this, a total of 116 kidney transplant recipients, of whom 65 had current or past cancer, were immune-phenotyped and followed up prospectively for a median of 15 months. Higher Treg (CD3+CD4+FOXP3+CD25(Hi)CD127(Lo)) proportion and numbers significantly increased the odds of developing cancer (odds ratios (95% CI) 1.61 (1.17-2.20) and 1.03 (1.00-1.06), respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, and duration of immunosuppression. Class-switched memory B cells (CD19+CD27+IgD-) had a significant association to cancer, 1.04 (1.00-1.07). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for squamous cell carcinoma development within 100 days of immune phenotyping were significant for Tregs, memory B cells, and γδ T cells (AUC of 0.78, 0.68, and 0.65, respectively). After cancer resection, Treg, NK cell, and γδ T-cell numbers fell significantly. Immune-phenotype profiles associated with both squamous cell carcinoma and solid-organ cancer in kidney transplant recipients and depended on the presence of cancer tissue. Thus, immune profiling could be used to stratify kidney transplant recipients at risk of developing cancers to identify those who could qualify for prevention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hope
- 1] The Centre of Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services (CNARTS), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Blair S Grace
- 1] Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [2] The Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine R Pilkington
- 1] Detmold Family Imaging Facility, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [2] Department of Haematology, South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick T Coates
- 1] The Centre of Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services (CNARTS), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivo P Bergmann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Robert P Carroll
- 1] The Centre of Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services (CNARTS), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Tolerance induction with gene-modified stem cells and immune-preserving conditioning in primed mice: restricting antigen to differentiated antigen-presenting cells permits efficacy. Blood 2012; 121:1049-58. [PMID: 23233664 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-434100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is used as curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. Incorporation of gene therapy to drive tolerogenic expression of antigens is a promising strategy to overcome the limited long-term efficacy of autologous HSC transplantation for autoimmune diseases. HSC engraftment and tolerance induction is readily achieved after myeloablative or immune-depleting conditioning regardless of the cellular compartment in which antigen is expressed. It is unclear whether the efficiency of engraftment and tolerance induction is influenced by targeting antigen to specific cellular compartments. This is particularly important when using clinically feasible low-intensity conditioning aimed at preserving infectious immunity in individuals where immunologic memory exists to the autoantigen to be expressed. Here we demonstrate that, under immune-preserving conditions, confining expression of a transgenically expressed antigen to dendritic cells permits stable, long-term engraftment of genetically modified BM even when recipients are immune to the expressed antigen. In contrast, broader expression within the hematopoietic compartment leads to graft rejection and therapeutic failure because of antigen expression in HSCs. These findings are relevant to the clinical application of genetically engineered HSCs and provide evidence that careful selection of promoters for HSC-mediated gene therapy is important, particularly where tolerance is sought under immune-preserving conditions.
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Abstract
The world population is rapidly growing and ageing at a pace that is projected to continue for at least three decades. This shift towards an older populace has invariably increased the number of individuals with diseases related to ageing, such as chronic kidney disease. The increase in chronic kidney disease is associated with a growing number of elderly patients receiving kidney transplants. Understanding how the immune system changes with increasing age will help to define the risks of rejection and infection in the elderly population and will focus attention on the need for individualized immunosuppression for patients in this age group. This Review addresses what is currently known about ageing and the immune system, highlighting age-related changes that affect the outcome of transplantation in elderly individuals. The need for new strategies to improve outcomes in this growing population of elderly renal transplant recipients is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne McKay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Kabelitz D, He W. The multifunctionality of human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells: clonal plasticity or distinct subsets? Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:213-22. [PMID: 22670577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dominant subset of γδ T cells in human peripheral blood expresses Vγ9 paired with Vδ2 as variable TCR elements. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognize pyrophosphates derived from the microbial non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway at pico- to nanomolar concentrations. Structurally related pyrophosphates are generated in eukaryotic cells through the mevalonate pathway involved in protein prenylation and cholesterol synthesis. However, micromolar concentrations of endogenous pyrophosphates are required to be recognized by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Such concentrations are not produced by normal cells but can accumulate upon cellular stress and transformation. Therefore, many tumour cells are susceptible to γδ T cell-mediated lysis owing to the overproduction of endogenous pyrophosphates. This explains why Vγ9Vδ2 T cells contribute to both anti-infective and anti-tumour immunity. Ex vivo analysed Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be subdivided on the basis of additional surface markers, including chemokine receptors and markers for naïve and memory T cells. At the functional level, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells produce a broad range of cytokines, display potent cytotoxic activity, regulate αβ T cell responses, and - quite surprisingly - can act as professional antigen-presenting cells. Thus, an exceptional range of effector functions has been assigned to a population of T cells, which all recognize invariant exogenous or endogenous pyrophosphates that are not seen by any other immune cell. Here, we discuss whether this plethora of effector functions reflects the plasticity of individual Vγ9Vδ2 T cells or can be assigned to distinct subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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