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Ghodsi A, Hidalgo A, Libreros S. Lipid mediators in neutrophil biology: inflammation, resolution and beyond. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:175-192. [PMID: 38727155 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute inflammation is the body's first defense in response to pathogens or injury. Failure to efficiently resolve the inflammatory insult can severely affect tissue homeostasis, leading to chronic inflammation. Neutrophils play a pivotal role in eradicating infectious pathogens, orchestrating the initiation and resolution of acute inflammation, and maintaining physiological functions. The resolution of inflammation is a highly orchestrated biochemical process, partially modulated by a novel class of endogenous lipid mediators known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs mediate their potent bioactions via activating specific cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). RECENT FINDINGS This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the multifaceted functions of SPMs, detailing their roles in expediting neutrophil apoptosis, promoting clearance by macrophages, regulating their excessive infiltration at inflammation sites, orchestrating bone marrow deployment, also enhances neutrophil phagocytosis and tissue repair mechanisms under both physiological and pathological conditions. We also focus on the novel role of SPMs in regulating bone marrow neutrophil functions, differentiation, and highlight open questions about SPMs' functions in neutrophil heterogeneity. SUMMARY SPMs play a pivotal role in mitigating excessive neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivity within pathological milieus, notably in conditions such as sepsis, cardiovascular disease, ischemic events, and cancer. This significant function highlights SPMs as promising therapeutic agents in the management of both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ghodsi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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Fredman G, Serhan CN. Specialized pro-resolving mediators in vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-023-00984-x. [PMID: 38216693 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Timely resolution of the acute inflammatory response (or inflammation resolution) is an active, highly coordinated process that is essential to optimal health. Inflammation resolution is regulated by specific endogenous signalling molecules that function as 'stop signals' to terminate the inflammatory response when it is no longer needed; to actively promote healing, regeneration and tissue repair; and to limit pain. Specialized pro-resolving mediators are a superfamily of signalling molecules that initiate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. Without an effective and timely resolution response, inflammation can become chronic, a pathological state that is associated with many widely occurring human diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Uncovering the mechanisms of inflammation resolution failure in cardiovascular diseases and identifying useful biomarkers for non-resolving inflammation are unmet needs. In this Review, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports the role of non-resolving inflammation in atherosclerosis and the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators as therapeutic tools for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We highlight open questions about therapeutic strategies and mechanisms of disease to provide a framework for future studies on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Fredman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gómez-Ferrer M, Amaro-Prellezo E, Albiach-Delgado A, Ten-Domenech I, Kuligowski J, Sepúlveda P. Identification of omega-3 oxylipins in human milk-derived extracellular vesicles with pro-resolutive actions in gastrointestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293737. [PMID: 38054009 PMCID: PMC10694275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Premature infants (PIs) are at risk of suffering necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and infants consuming human milk (HM) show a lower incidence than infants receiving formula. The composition of HM has been studied in depth, but the lipid content of HM-derived small extracellular vesicles (HM sEVs) remains unexplored. Identifying these molecules and their biological effects has potential for the treatment of intestinal disorders in PIs and could contribute to the development of HM-based fortified formulas. Methods We isolated HM sEVs from HM samples and analyzed their oxylipin content using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of anti-inflammatory oxylipins. We then examined the efficacy of a mixture of these oxylipins in combating inflammation and fibrosis, in vitro and in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results HM-related sEVs contained higher concentrations of oxylipins derived from docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. Three anti-inflammatory oxylipins, 14-HDHA, 17-HDHA, and 19,20-DiHDPA (ω3 OXLP), demonstrated similar efficacy to HM sEVs in preventing cell injury, inducing re-epithelialization, mitigating fibrosis, and modulating immune responses. Both ω3 OXLP and HM sEVs effectively reduced inflammation in IBD-model mice, preventing colon shortening, infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue fibrosis. Discussion Incorporating this unique cocktail of oxylipins into fortified milk formulas might reduce the risk of NEC in PIs and also provide immunological and neurodevelopmental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Amaro-Prellezo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abel Albiach-Delgado
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Domenech
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Irún P, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Sánchez-Luengo M, Belio Ú, Domper-Arnal MJ, Higuera GA, Hawkins M, de la Rosa X, Lanas A. Pharmacokinetics and Changes in Lipid Mediator Profiling after Consumption of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid-Mediator-Enriched Marine Oil in Healthy Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16143. [PMID: 38003333 PMCID: PMC10671020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a vital role in human health, well-being, and the management of inflammatory diseases. Insufficient intake of omega-3 is linked to disease development. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are derived from omega-3 PUFAs and expedite the resolution of inflammation. They fall into categories known as resolvins, maresins, protectins, and lipoxins. The actions of SPMs in the resolution of inflammation involve restricting neutrophil infiltration, facilitating the removal of apoptotic cells and cellular debris, promoting efferocytosis and phagocytosis, counteracting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules like chemokines and cytokines, and encouraging a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype. This is an experimental pilot study in which ten healthy subjects were enrolled and received a single dose of 6 g of an oral SPM-enriched marine oil emulsion. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post-administration. Temporal increases in plasma and serum SPM levels were found by using LC-MS/MS lipid profiling. Additionally, we characterized the temporal increases in omega-3 levels and established fundamental pharmacokinetics in both aforementioned matrices. These findings provide substantial evidence of the time-dependent elevation of SPMs, reinforcing the notion that oral supplementation with SPM-enriched products represents a valuable source of essential bioactive SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Patricia Carrera-Lasfuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Luengo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Úrsula Belio
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Domper-Arnal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gustavo A. Higuera
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Malena Hawkins
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Plaza San Francisco, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Zhong H, Xie Q, Li F, Yang Z, Li K, Luo Q. Determination of oxylipins and their precursors in breast milk by solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464400. [PMID: 37769518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins and their precursors (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LCPUFAs) are key intercellular signaling molecules influencing the inflammatory response. Each oxylipin has pro- and/or anti-inflammatory effects, and the relative abundance of different oxylipins can alter the inflammatory balance, making it important to clarify the oxylipin profile of breast milk for optimal infant health. The extraction, identification, and simultaneous quantification of oxylipins in breast milk are challenging due to the structural similarity, limited stability, and the low endogenous concentration of oxylipins and the complex matrix of breast milk. This study aimed to develop a solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) method for the comprehensive and specific quantification of oxylipins and their precursors in breast milk. The LC conditions (including column, mobile phase, and gradient conditions) and SPE procedure (including SPE cartridges, elution solvent, and elution volume) were optimized to achieve accurate quantification and better analyte recovery. A single 18-minute chromatographic run allows for the quantification of 20 oxylipins and 5 PUFAs. The results showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99) over the concentration range of 2 to 100 ng/mL, with the instrument detection limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.90 ng/mL for oxylipins and 0.02 to 0.59 ng/mL for PUFAs. The method is rapid, sensitive, and reproducible (RSD ≤ 10%) and is suitable for the quantitative analysis of oxylipins and their precursors in infant formula samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhong
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Lee CT, Tribble GD. Roles of specialized pro-resolving mediators and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in periodontal inflammation and impact on oral microbiota. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1217088. [PMID: 37559676 PMCID: PMC10409488 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1217088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by dysbiotic dental biofilms. Management of periodontitis is primarily anti-bacterial via mechanical removal of bacterial biofilm. The successful resolution requires wound healing and tissue regeneration, which are not always achieved with these traditional methods. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a class of lipid mediators that induce the resolution of inflammation and promote local tissue homeostasis, creates another option for the treatment of periodontitis and other diseases of chronic inflammation. In this mini-review, we discuss the host-modulatory effects of SPMs on periodontal tissues and changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut and oral microbiome in the presence of SPMs and SPM precursor lipids. Further research into the relationship between host SPM production and microbiome-SPM modification has the potential to unveil new diagnostic markers of inflammation and wound healing. Expanding this field may drive the discovery of microbial-derived bioactive therapeutics to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Liu WC, Yang YH, Wang YC, Chang WM, Wang CW. Maresin: Macrophage Mediator for Resolving Inflammation and Bridging Tissue Regeneration-A System-Based Preclinical Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11012. [PMID: 37446190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maresins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, capable of promoting tissue regeneration and potentially serving as a therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate preclinical and clinical studies on maresin to inform translational research. Two independent reviewers performed comprehensive searches with the term "Maresin (NOT) Review" on PubMed. A total of 137 studies were included and categorized into 11 human organ systems. Data pertinent to clinical translation were specifically extracted, including delivery methods, optimal dose response, and specific functional efficacy. Maresins generally exhibit efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases, attenuating inflammation, protecting organs, and promoting tissue regeneration, mostly in rodent preclinical models. The nervous system has the highest number of original studies (n = 25), followed by the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and respiratory system, each having the second highest number of studies (n = 18) in the field. Most studies considered systemic delivery with an optimal dose response for mouse animal models ranging from 4 to 25 μg/kg or 2 to 200 ng via intraperitoneal or intravenous injection respectively, whereas human in vitro studies ranged between 1 and 10 nM. Although there has been no human interventional clinical trial yet, the levels of MaR1 in human tissue fluid can potentially serve as biomarkers, including salivary samples for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and periodontal diseases; plasma and synovial fluid levels of MaR1 can be associated with treatment response and defining pathotypes of rheumatoid arthritis. Maresins exhibit great potency in resolving disease inflammation and bridging tissue regeneration in preclinical models, and future translational development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Yang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Taipei 110310, Taiwan
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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Möller I, Rodas G, Villalón JM, Rodas JA, Angulo F, Martínez N, Vergés J. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of treatment with an SPMs-enriched oil on chronic pain and inflammation, functionality, and quality of life in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: GAUDI study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:423. [PMID: 37386594 PMCID: PMC10308764 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, and 14-HDHA are recognized as potentially therapeutic in inflammatory diseases because SPMs regulate the inflammation process, which leads to, for example; swelling and the sensation of pain. In osteoarthritis (OA), chronic pain is described as the symptom that reduces patients´ quality of life (QoL). The GAUDI study evaluated the efficacy of SPMs supplementation in reducing pain in the symptomatic knee of OA patients. METHODS This randomized, multicenter, double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel-group pilot study was performed in Spain and conducted on adults 18-68 years old diagnosed with symptomatic knee OA. Patients were enrolled in the study for up to 24 weeks, which included a 12-week intervention period and a follow-up visit on week 24. The primary endpoint was pain change measured through a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary endpoints included: Pain change evaluation, stiffness, and function according to the WOMAC index; assessment of constant, intermittent, and total pain according to the OMERACT-OARSI score; evaluation of changes in health-related QoL parameters; the use or not of concomitant, rescue, and anti-inflammatory medication; and safety and tolerability assessments. RESULTS Patients were enrolled in the study from May 2018 to September 2021. VAS pain score was evaluated in the per protocol population (n = 51 patients), in which we observed a statistically significant reduction after 8 weeks (p = 0.039) and 12 weeks (p = 0.031) of treatment in patients consuming SPMs (n = 23 subjects) vs. placebo (n = 28 subjects). In line with the OMERACT-OARSI score, intermittent pain was reduced after 12 weeks with statistical significance (p = 0.019) in patients treated with SPMs (n = 23 subjects) vs. placebo (n = 28 subjects). Functional status as WOMAC score did not significantly change after SPMs or placebo consumption. Notably, patients consuming SPMs showed improvements in all five aspects of the EUROQoL-5, including a significant improvement in the usual-activities dimension. None of the patients required rescue medication, nor were any adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that sustained SPMs consumption reduces pain in OA patients while also improving their Quality of Life. These results also support the safety profile of SPMs supplementation. Trial registration NCT05633849. Registered 1 December 1 2022. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05633849.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nina Martínez
- Osteoarthritis Foundation International (OAFI), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vergés
- Osteoarthritis Foundation International (OAFI), Barcelona, Spain.
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Arias Z, Nizami MZI, Chen X, Chai X, Xu B, Kuang C, Omori K, Takashiba S. Recent Advances in Apical Periodontitis Treatment: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040488. [PMID: 37106675 PMCID: PMC10136087 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory response caused by pulp infection. It induces bone resorption in the apical and periapical regions of the tooth. The most conservative approach to treat this condition is nonsurgical endodontic treatment. However, clinical failure has been reported with this approach; thus, alternative procedures are required. This review highlights recent literature regarding advanced approaches for the treatment of apical periodontitis. Various therapies, including biological medications, antioxidants, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, and stem cell therapy, have been tested to increase the success rate of treatment for apical periodontitis. Some of these approaches remain in the in vivo phase of research, while others have just entered the translational research phase to validate clinical application. However, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that occur during development of the immunoinflammatory reaction in apical periodontitis remains unclear. The aim of this review was to summarize advanced approaches for the treatment of apical periodontitis. Further research can confirm the potential of these alternative nonsurgical endodontic treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Arias
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xinyi Chai
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Canyan Kuang
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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10
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Kahnt AS, Schebb NH, Steinhilber D. Formation of lipoxins and resolvins in human leukocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 166:106726. [PMID: 36878381 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) such as lipoxins or resolvins are formed by the consecutive action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO, ALOX5) and different types of arachidonic acid 12- or 15-lipoxygenases using arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid as substrate. Lipoxins are trihydroxylated oxylipins which are formed from arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid. The latter can also be converted to di- and trihydroxylated resolvins of the E series, whereas docosahexaenoic acid is the substrate for the formation of di- and trihydroxylated resolvins of the D series. Here, we summarize the formation of lipoxins and resolvins in leukocytes. From the data published so far, it becomes evident that FLAP is required for the biosynthesis of most of the lipoxins and resolvins. Even in the presence of FLAP, formation of the trihydroxylated SPMs (lipoxins, RvD1-RvD4, RvE1) in leukocytes is very low or undetectable which is obviously due to the extremely low epoxide formation by 5-LO from oxylipins such as 15-H(p)ETE, 18-H(p)EPE or 17-H(p)DHA. As a result, only the dihydroxylated oxylipins (5 S,15S-diHETE, 5 S,15S-diHEPE) and resolvins (RvD5, RvE2, RvE4) can be consistently detected using leukocytes as SPM source. However, the reported levels of these dihydroxylated lipid mediators are still much lower than those of the typical pro-inflammatory mediators including the monohydroxylated fatty acid derivatives (e.g. 5-HETE), leukotrienes or cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins. Since 5-LO expression is mainly restricted to leukocytes these cells are considered as the main source of SPMs. The low formation of trihydroxylated SPMs in leukocytes, the fact that they are hardly detected in biological samples as well as the lack of functional signaling by their receptors make it highly questionable that trihydroxylated SPMs play a role as endogenous mediators in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases, CIMD, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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11
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Krishnamoorthy N, Walker KH, Brüggemann TR, Tavares LP, Smith EW, Nijmeh J, Bai Y, Ai X, Cagnina RE, Duvall MG, Lehoczky JA, Levy BD. The Maresin 1-LGR6 axis decreases respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206480120. [PMID: 36595677 PMCID: PMC9926266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206480120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of infection is an active process with specific molecular and cellular mechanisms that temper inflammation and enhance pathogen clearance. Here, the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) Maresin 1 (MaR1) inhibited respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced inflammation. inlerleukin-13 production from type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and CD4 T helper type 2 cells was decreased by exogenous MaR1. In addition, MaR1 increased amphiregulin production and decreased RSV viral transcripts to promote resolution. MaR1 also promoted interferon-β production in mouse lung tissues and also in pediatric lung slices. MaR1 significantly inhibited the RSV-triggered aberrant inflammatory phenotype in FoxP3-expressing Tregs. The receptor for MaR1, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6), was constitutively expressed on Tregs. Following RSV infection, mice lacking Lgr6 had exacerbated type 2 immune responses with an increased viral burden and blunted responses to MaR1. Together, these findings have uncovered a multi-pronged protective signaling axis for MaR1-Lgr6, improving Tregs's suppressive function and upregulating host antiviral genes resulting in decreased viral burden and pathogen-mediated inflammation, ultimately promoting restoration of airway mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Katherine H. Walker
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Thayse R. Brüggemann
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Luciana P. Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Ethan W. Smith
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Yan Bai
- Neonatology Division, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA02114
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Neonatology Division, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA02114
| | - R. Elaine Cagnina
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Melody G. Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jessica A. Lehoczky
- Department Of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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12
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Dos Santos HT, Maslow F, Nam K, Trump B, Weisman GA, Baker OJ. A combination treatment of low-dose dexamethasone and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces Sjögren syndrome-like features in a mouse model. JADA FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:100016. [PMID: 37622089 PMCID: PMC10448398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfscie.2022.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and diminished secretory function of the salivary glands. Dexamethasone (DEX) resolves dry mouth and lymphocytic infiltration; however, this treatment is difficult to maintain because of multiple adverse effects (eg, osteoporosis and skin thinning); likewise, aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) increases saliva secretion but cannot eliminate lymphocytic infiltration. Previous studies showed that a combination of low-dose DEX with AT-RvD1 before disease onset prevents SS-like features in a mouse model; however, this is not clinically practical because there are no reliable indicators of SS before disease onset. Therefore, the authors applied the combined treatment at disease onset to show its efficacy and comparative lack of adverse effects, so that it may reasonably be maintained over a patient's lifetime. Methods NOD/ShiLtJ mice were treated with ethanol (vehicle control), high-dose DEX alone, AT-RvD1 alone, or a combination of low-dose DEX with AT-RvD1 at disease onset for 8 weeks. Then saliva flow rates were measured, and submandibular glands were harvested for histologic analyses. Results A combined treatment of low-dose DEX with AT-RvD1 significantly decreased mast cell degranulation and lymphocytic infiltration, increased saliva secretion, and restored apical aquaporin-5 expression in submandibular glands of NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Conclusions Low-dose DEX combined with AT-RvD1 reduces the severity of SS-like manifestation and prevents the development of advanced and potentially irreversible damage, all in a form that can reasonably be administered indefinitely without the need to cease treatment because of secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Frank Maslow
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Bryan Trump
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Olga J Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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13
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Oxylipins as Potential Regulators of Inflammatory Conditions of Human Lactation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100994. [PMID: 36295896 PMCID: PMC9610648 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation can be associated with obesity or subclinical mastitis (SCM), which is associated with poor infant growth in low- to middle-income country settings. It is unknown what physiological mechanisms are involved in low milk supply, but our research group has shown that mothers with low milk supply have higher inflammatory markers. Studies investigating oxylipin signaling have the potential to help explain mechanisms that mediate the impacts of inflammation on milk production. Animal studies have reported various elevated oxylipins during postpartum inflammation, mastitis, and mammary involution in ruminant models. Several investigations have quantified oxylipins in human milk, but very few studies have reported circulating oxylipin concentrations during lactation. In addition, there are technical considerations that must be addressed when reporting oxylipin concentrations in human milk. First, the majority of milk oxylipins are esterified in the triglyceride pool, which is not routinely measured. Second, total milk fat should be considered as a covariate when using milk oxylipins to predict outcomes. Finally, storage and handling conditions of milk samples must be carefully controlled to ensure accurate milk oxylipin quantitation, which may be affected by highly active lipases in human milk.
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14
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Botten N, Hodges RR, Bair J, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Yang M, Dartt DA. Resolvin D2 uses multiple Ca 2+ -dependent signaling pathways to stimulate mucin secretion in rat and human conjunctival goblet cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3816-3833. [PMID: 36066128 PMCID: PMC9560994 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mucin layer of the tear film is produced by goblet cells in the conjunctiva to protect the ocular surface and maintain homeostasis. The pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin D2 (RvD2) biosynthesized from an omega 3 fatty acid actively terminates inflammation and regulates mucin secretion from conjunctival goblet cells. Our objective was to determine which Ca2+ -dependent signaling pathways RvD2 uses to stimulate conjunctival goblet cell function (CGC). We hypothesize that RvD2 activates multiple intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways to stimulate CGC secretion. Rat and human CGCs were cultured from conjunctival explants. The amount of RvD2 receptor GPR18/DRV2 message and protein were determined. The intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) was measured in CGCs using a fluorescent Ca2+ dye and mucin secretion was determined by measuring protein secretion enzymatically with a lectin. Goblet cells were incubated with signaling pathway inhibitors before stimulation with RvD2 and [Ca2+ ]i or secretion was measured. In rat and human CGCs RvD2 receptor and in rat CGCs IP3 (a molecule that releases Ca2+ from intracellular organelles) receptors 1-3 were detected. In both species of CGC RvD2 increased [Ca2+ ]i similarly to RvD1. In rat CGCs, the increase in [Ca2+ ]i and secretion stimulated by RvD2 was significantly blocked by inhibitors to phospholipase (PL-) C and IP3 -receptor, but not protein kinase C. Increase in [Ca2+ ]i was blocked by the PLD inhibitor, but not the PLA2 inhibitor. Secretion was blocked by PLA2 inhibitor, but not the PLD inhibitor. An inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor blocked the increase in [Ca2+ ]i by RvD2 in both species of CGCs. In CGCs RvD2 activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways that are Ca2+ -dependent, along with one Ca2+ -independent and one cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent pathway. Activation of these pathways stimulate mucin secretion from rat and human CGCs into the tear film contributing to ocular surface homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Botten
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin R. Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Nagasaki Y, Kawai E, Maruoka S, Osumi M, Tsukayama I, Kawakami Y, Takahashi Y, Okazaki Y, Miki Y, Taketomi Y, Yamamoto K, Murakami M, Suzuki-Yamamoto T. Lipid profiling reveals the presence of unique lipid mediators in human milk from healthy and mastitic subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:84-91. [PMID: 36152349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids are an important energy source for infants, but the composition of milk lipids has not yet been clarified in detail. In this study, we analyzed free fatty acids and their metabolites in milk from humans and cows. In comparison to cow milk, human milk showed a higher content of free fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially ω-3 fatty acids and their metabolites. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were enriched at an early period of lactation, while saturated fatty acids did not change significantly over the period. Moreover, human milk contained high levels of ω-3 fatty acid metabolites, particularly 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, an eicosapentaenoic acid-derived metabolite with anti-inflammatory activity. In comparison with human normal milk, thromboxane B2 and protectin D1 levels were significantly elevated in milk from individuals with mastitis, suggesting that these lipid mediators could be potential biomarkers of obstructive mastitis. Overall, the unique lipid profile of human milk supports the efficacy of breast-feeding for supply of more nutritional and bioactive lipids in comparison to artificial or cow milk to infants, in whom digestive and absorptive functions are still immature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagasaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Erika Kawai
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Saya Maruoka
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Miho Osumi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Izumi Tsukayama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuka Okazaki
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center of Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center of Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minami-jyosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center of Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan.
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16
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Ahuja JKC, Casavale KO, Li Y, Hopperton KE, Chakrabarti S, Hines EP, Brooks SPJ, Bondy GS, MacFarlane AJ, Weiler HA, Wu X, Borghese MM, Ahluwalia N, Cheung W, Vargas AJ, Arteaga S, Lombo T, Fisher MM, Hayward D, Pehrsson PR. Perspective: Human Milk Composition and Related Data for National Health and Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2098-2114. [PMID: 36084013 PMCID: PMC9776678 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
National health and nutrition monitoring is an important federal effort in the United States and Canada, and the basis for many of their nutrition and health policies. Understanding of child exposures through human milk (HM) remains out of reach due to lack of current and representative data on HM's composition and intake volume. This article provides an overview of the current national health and nutrition monitoring activities for HM-fed children, HM composition (HMC) and volume data used for exposure assessment, categories of potential measures in HM, and associated variability factors. In this Perspective, we advocate for a framework for collection and reporting of HMC data for national health and nutrition monitoring and programmatic needs, including a shared vision for a publicly available Human Milk Composition Data Repository (HMCD-R) to include essential metadata associated with HMC. HMCD-R can provide a central, integrated platform for researchers and public health officials for compiling, evaluating, and sharing HMC data. The compiled compositional and metadata in HMCD-R would provide pertinent measures of central tendency and variability and allow use of modeling techniques to approximate compositional profiles for subgroups, providing more accurate exposure assessments for purposes of monitoring and surveillance. HMC and related metadata could facilitate understanding the complexity and variability of HM composition, provide crucial data for assessment of infant and maternal nutritional needs, and inform public health policies, food and nutrition programs, and clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K C Ahuja
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
| | - Kellie O Casavale
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin P Hines
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen P J Brooks
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Genevieve S Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Namanjeet Ahluwalia
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Winnie Cheung
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Arteaga
- Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tania Lombo
- Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, Prevention Science Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mandy M Fisher
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Hayward
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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17
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Hamidzadeh K, Westcott J, Wourms N, Shay AE, Panigrahy A, Martin MJ, Nshimiyimana R, Serhan CN. A newly synthesized 17-epi-NeuroProtectin D1/17-epi-Protectin D1: Authentication and functional regulation of Inflammation-Resolution. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115181. [PMID: 35850309 PMCID: PMC9398963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) during the resolution phase in the inflammatory milieu is key to orchestrating the resolution of the acute inflammatory response. 17-epi-neuroprotectin D1/17-epi-protectin D1 (17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1: 10R,17R-dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) is an SPM of the protectin family, biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), that exhibits both potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions. Here, we carried out a new commercial-scale synthesis of 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 that enabled the authentication and confirmation of its potent bioactions in vivo and determination of its ability to activate human leukocyte phagocytosis. We provide evidence that this new synthetic 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 statistically significantly increases human macrophage uptake of E. coli in vitro and confirm that it limits neutrophilic infiltration in vivo in a murine model of peritonitis. The physical properties of the new synthetic 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1, namely its ultra-violet absorbance, chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern, matched those of the originally synthesized 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1. In addition, we verified the structure and complete stereochemical assignment of this new synthetic 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Together, these results authenticate this 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 for its structure and potent pro-resolving functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hamidzadeh
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley E Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anand Panigrahy
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Caravaca AS, Gallina AL, Tarnawski L, Shavva VS, Colas RA, Dalli J, Malin SG, Hult H, Arnardottir H, Olofsson PS. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes resolution of inflammation by a mechanism that involves Alox15 and requires the α7nAChR subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2023285119. [PMID: 35622894 PMCID: PMC9295760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023285119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation underlies a range of chronic inflammatory diseases, and therapeutic acceleration of resolution of inflammation may improve outcomes. Neural reflexes regulate the intensity of inflammation (for example, through signals in the vagus nerve), but whether activation of the vagus nerve promotes the resolution of inflammation in vivo has been unknown. To investigate this, mice were subjected to electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or sham surgery at the cervical level followed by zymosan-induced peritonitis. The duration of inflammation resolution was significantly reduced and efferocytosis was significantly increased in mice treated with VNS as compared with sham. Lipid mediator (LM) metabololipidomics revealed that mice treated with VNS had higher levels of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), particularly from the omega-3 docosahexaenoic (DHA) and docosapentaenoic (n-3 DPA) metabolomes, in peritoneal exudates. VNS also shifted the ratio between proinflammatory and proresolving LMs toward a proresolving profile, but this effect by VNS was inverted in mice deficient in 12/15-lipoxgenase (Alox15), a key enzyme in this SPM biosynthesis. The significant VNS-mediated reduction of neutrophil numbers in peritoneal exudates was absent in mice deficient in the cholinergic α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (α7nAChR), an essential component of the inflammatory reflex. Thus, VNS increased local levels of SPM and accelerated resolution of inflammation in zymosan-induced peritonitis by a mechanism that involves Alox15 and requires the α7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- April S. Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Alessandro L. Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Vladimir S. Shavva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Romain A. Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G. Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hult
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
- Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Hildur Arnardottir
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, 11030
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19
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Resolution of inflammation: Intervention strategies and future applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bosco A, Dessì A, Zanza C, Pintus R, Fanos V. Resolvins' Obesity-Driven Deficiency: The Implications for Maternal-Fetal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081662. [PMID: 35458224 PMCID: PMC9029397 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal–fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions.
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21
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Brejchova K, Paluchova V, Brezinova M, Cajka T, Balas L, Durand T, Krizova M, Stranak Z, Kuda O. Triacylglycerols containing branched palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (PAHSA) are present in the breast milk and hydrolyzed by carboxyl ester lipase. Food Chem 2022; 388:132983. [PMID: 35486985 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is a complex mixture containing underexplored bioactive lipids. We performed an observational case-control study to compare the impact of delivery mode: caesarean section (CS) and vaginal birth (VB); and term (preterm and term delivery) on the levels of lipokines in human milk at different stages of lactation. Metabolomic analysis of the milk identified triacylglycerol estolides as a metabolic reservoir of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 5-palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (5-PAHSA). We found that triacylglycerol estolides were substrates of carboxyl ester lipase and 5-PAHSA-containing lipids were the least preferred substrates among tested triacylglycerol estolide isomers. This explained exceptionally high colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA in the VB group. CS and preterm birth negatively affected colostrum lipidome, including 5-PAHSA levels, but the lipidomic profiles normalized in mature milk. Mothers delivering term babies vaginally produce colostrum rich in 5-PAHSA, which could contribute to the prevention of intestinal inflammation in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 12108 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 12108 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcela Krizova
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Stranak
- Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Persistent unresolved inflammation results in a number of pathologic respiratory diseases including asthma, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated ARDS. Inflammation resolution is an active series of biologic processes orchestrated by a family of bioactive specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from essential omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this review, we highlight recent findings on dysregulated inflammation resolution in common respiratory diseases and recent literature on SPM generation with PUFA dietary supplementation with relevance to diseases of respiratory inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Human studies and preclinical models of diseases of lung inflammation have revealed disequilibrium in the levels of pro-inflammatory versus pro-resolving mediators. Recent studies identified actions for SPMs on regulating prophlogistic host responses and stimulating inflammation resolution pathways in inflammatory respiratory diseases. SUMMARY Dietary marine oils are enriched in PUFAs and contain parent omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and precursors for conversion to SPMs. Nutritional supplementation with fish oils can boost SPM levels and offer a therapeutic approach targeting inflammation resolution pathways for diseases of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Elaine Cagnina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melody G. Duvall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Serhan CN, Libreros S, Nshimiyimana R. E-series resolvin metabolome, biosynthesis and critical role of stereochemistry of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflammation-resolution: Preparing SPMs for long COVID-19, human clinical trials, and targeted precision nutrition. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101597. [PMID: 35227568 PMCID: PMC8847098 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised international awareness of the importance of rigorous scientific evidence and the havoc caused by uncontrolled excessive inflammation. Here we consider the evidence on whether the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are ready to meet this challenge as well as targeted metabololipidomics of the resolution-inflammation metabolomes. Specific stereochemical mechanisms in the biosynthesis of SPMs from omega-3 essential fatty acids give rise to unique local-acting lipid mediators. SPMs possess stereochemically defined potent bioactive structures that are high-affinity ligands for cognate G protein-coupled surface receptors that evoke the cellular responses required for efficient resolution of acute inflammation. The SPMs biosynthesized from the major omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are coined Resolvins (resolution phase interaction products; E series and D-series), Protectins and Maresins (macrophage mediators in resolving inflammation). Their biosynthesis and stereochemical assignments are established and confirmed (>1,441 resolvin publications in PubMed.gov) as well as their functional roles on innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells (both lymphocyte T-cell subsets and B-cells). The resolution of a protective acute inflammatory response is governed mainly by phagocytes that actively clear apoptotic cells, debris, blood clots and pathogens. These resolution phase functions of the acute inflammatory response are enhanced by SPMs, which together prepare the inflammatory loci for homeostasis and stimulate tissue regeneration via activating stem cells and the biosynthesis of novel cys-SPMs (e.g. MCTRs, PCTRs and RCTRs). These cys-SPMs also activate regeneration, are organ protective and stimulate resolution of local inflammation. Herein, we review the biosynthesis and functions of the E-series resolvins, namely resolvin E1 (the first n-3 resolvin identified), resolvin E2, resolvin E3 and resolvin E4 biosynthesized from their precursor eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the critical role of total organic synthesis in confirming SPM complete stereochemistry, establishing their potent functions in resolution of inflammation, and novel structures. The physical properties of each biologically derived SPM, i.e., ultra-violet (UV) absorbance, chromatographic behavior, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) fragmentation, were matched to SPMs biosynthesized and prepared by stereospecific total organic synthesis. We briefly review this approach, also used with the endogenous D-series resolvins, protectins and maresins confirming their potent functions in resolution of inflammation, that paves the way for their rigorous evaluation in human tissues and clinical trials. The assignment of complete stereochemistry for each of the E and D series Resolvins, Protectins and Maresins was a critical and required step that enabled human clinical studies as in SPM profiling in COVID-19 infections and experimental animal disease models that also opened the promise of resolution physiology, resolution pharmacology and targeted precision nutrition as new areas for monitoring health and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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González JA, Vallejo JR. Relics and Historical Uses of Human Zootherapeutic Products in Contemporary Spanish Ethnoveterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120323. [PMID: 34941850 PMCID: PMC8707080 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: this review documents the wide repertoire of practices and remedies based on the use of human-derived products in Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) from the early 20th century to the present. These practices are compared with historical data and those of other countries; (2) Methods: a search using advanced functions in the most important databases in the fields of ethnobiology, EVM, folklore, and ethnography was performed. Information was obtained from 29 documentary sources; (3) Results: from the search of the literature, 46 use-reports related to the veterinary use of human urine, menstrual fluid, saliva, breast milk, and faeces were recorded. These zootherapeutic resources are/were used to treat 20 animal diseases, in particular dermatological ailments. In addition, many practices of the magical-religious type are documented; (4) Conclusions: the veterinary uses described and analysed here are fundamental to the development of therapeutic tools and creating teaching and learning processes in new popular veterinary practices adapted to the users and those who demand them. The information collected could form a scientific foundation for future inventories of local veterinary knowledge (LVK) and research addressing the discovery of new drugs for livestock. This work contributes to the inventory of some uses, traditional practices, and rituals seriously threatened by the progressive loss of LVK in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. González
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37071 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - José Ramón Vallejo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Biología Celular, Histología, Historia de la Ciencia, Medicina Legal y Forense y Toxicología, Área de Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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25
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Dos Santos HT, Nam K, Maslow F, Trump B, Baker OJ. Specialized pro-resolving receptors are expressed in salivary glands with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 56:151865. [PMID: 34847389 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-trigged (AT) form AT-RvD1, are effective in decreasing inflammation while restoring saliva flow rates in a Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like mouse model before and after disease onset. Resolvins are specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) that actively regulate inflammation. However, we only have extensive data within the salivary glands for RvD1 and AT-RvD1, both of which bind to the receptor ALX/FPR2. As such, the presence of other SPM receptors is unknown within salivary glands. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the expression of SPM receptors in non-SS and SS patients. For this purpose, six human minor salivary glands from female subjects were analyzed by H&E using the Chisholm and Mason classification to determine the degree of lymphocytic infiltration. Next, confocal immunofluorescence analysis was performed to determine the presence and distribution of different SPM receptors in mucous acini and striated ducts. We observed diffuse presence of lymphocytic infiltration and clinical data were consistent with SS diagnosis in three patients. Moreover, confocal immunofluorescence analysis indicated the presence of the receptors ALX/FPR2, BLT1 and CMKLR1 in the mucous acini and striated ducts of both non-SS and SS patients. GPR32 was absent in SS and non-SS minor salivary glands. In summary, our results showed that various SPM receptors are expressed in non-SS and SS minor salivary glands, all of which may pose as potential targets for promoting pro-epithelial and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution signaling on SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kihoon Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frank Maslow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Trump
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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26
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Rigourd V, Benoit L, Paugam C, Driessen M, Charlier C, Bille E, Pommeret B, Leroy E, Murmu MS, Guyonnet A, Baumot N, Seror JY. Management of lactating breast abscesses by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration and continuation of breastfeeding: A pilot study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 51:102214. [PMID: 34469779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Needle aspiration of breast abscesses during lactation are currently recommended as an alternative to surgery only for moderate forms. In case of breast abscess, many patients stop breastfeeding on the advice of a health professional. We reviewed our experience of treatment of lactating breast abscesses by ultrasound-guided aspiration and suggest an algorithm of their management. We also analyzed the continuation of breastfeeding of these patients after advices from trained teams. MATERIEL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study from April 2016 to April 2017, including 28 patients referred for a breast abscess during lactation at the Duroc Breast Imaging Center. A management by ultrasound-guided aspiration was proposed to each patient. We collected data about the breastfeeding between October 2018 and January 2019. RESULTS A single aspiration was sufficient in 64.3% of cases. The delay between the occurrence of the abscess and the indication for drainage was significantly higher for patients who have needed finally surgical drainage (p = 0,0031). There were no difference of size of abscesses between patients receiving needle aspiration alone and those who have undergone surgery (p = 0,97). All patients who had been managed by needle aspiration continued breastfeeding after the treatment and 40% of the patients were still breastfeeding at 6 months. CONCLUSION The management of lactating breast abscess by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration is an effective alternative to surgery. It appears to be effective regardless of the size of the abscess and is compatible with the continuation of breastfeeding. Our study has indeed shown that if they are well advised, the majority of patients continue breastfeeding so that it is essential that health professionals be better trained regarding the management of breastfeeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rigourd
- Lactarium Régional d'Ile-de-France, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France; Réseau de Santé Périnatal Parisien, Paris, France.
| | - L Benoit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - C Paugam
- Réseau de Santé Périnatal Parisien, Paris, France
| | - M Driessen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - C Charlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - E Bille
- Department of Microbiology, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - B Pommeret
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lille, France
| | - E Leroy
- Department of Neonatology, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - M S Murmu
- Lactarium Régional d'Ile-de-France, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - A Guyonnet
- Lactarium Régional d'Ile-de-France, Necker Hôpital Enfants malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - N Baumot
- Réseau de Santé Périnatal Parisien, Paris, France
| | - J Y Seror
- Department of Radiology, Duroc Breast Imaging Department, Paris, France
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27
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Perna E, Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Florens MV, Jain P, Theofanous SA, Hanning N, De Man JG, Berg M, De Winter B, Alpizar YA, Talavera K, Vanden Berghe P, Wouters M, Boeckxstaens G. Effect of resolvins on sensitisation of TRPV1 and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. Gut 2021; 70:1275-1286. [PMID: 33023902 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resolvins (RvD1, RvD2 and RvE1) are endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that display potent analgesic properties in somatic pain by modulating transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation. To what extent these molecules could also have a beneficial effect on TRPV1 sensitisation and visceral hypersensitivity (VHS), mechanisms involved in IBS, remains unknown. DESIGN The effect of RvD1, RvD2 and RvE1 on TRPV1 activation and sensitisation by histamine or IBS supernatants was assessed on murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using live Ca2+ imaging. Based on the results obtained in vitro, we further studied the effect of RvD2 in vivo using a murine model of post-infectious IBS and a rat model of post-inflammatory VHS. Finally, we also tested the effect of RvD2 on submucosal neurons in rectal biopsies of patients with IBS. RESULTS RvD1, RvD2 and RvE1 prevented histamine-induced TRPV1 sensitisation in DRG neurons at doses devoid of an analgesic effect. Of note, RvD2 also reversed TRPV1 sensitisation by histamine and IBS supernatant. This effect was blocked by the G protein receptor 18 (GPR18) antagonist O-1918 (3-30 µM) and by pertussis toxin. In addition, RvD2 reduced the capsaicin-induced Ca2+ response of rectal submucosal neurons of patients with IBS. Finally, treatment with RvD2 normalised pain responses to colorectal distention in both preclinical models of VHS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that RvD2 and GPR18 agonists may represent interesting novel compounds to be further evaluated as treatment for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluisa Perna
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Morgane V Florens
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piyush Jain
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stavroula A Theofanous
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) and Infla-Med, research consortium of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) and Infla-Med, research consortium of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) and Infla-Med, research consortium of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) and Infla-Med, research consortium of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mira Wouters
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Lee CT, Li R, Zhu L, Tribble GD, Zheng WJ, Ferguson B, Maddipati KR, Angelov N, Van Dyke TE. Subgingival Microbiome and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Pathway Profiles Are Correlated in Periodontal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691216. [PMID: 34177951 PMCID: PMC8222734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of resolution pathways in periodontitis is reflected in levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and SPM pathway markers but their relationship with the subgingival microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to analyze and integrate lipid mediator level, SPM receptor gene expression and subgingival microbiome data in subjects with periodontitis vs. healthy controls. The study included 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis subjects that were evaluated prior to or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Samples of gingival tissue and subgingival plaque were collected prior to and 8 weeks after non-surgical treatment; only once in the healthy group. Metabololipidomic analysis was performed to measure levels of SPMs and other relevant lipid mediators in gingiva. qRT-PCR assessed relative gene expression (2-ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. 16S rRNA sequencing evaluated the relative abundance of bacterial species in subgingival plaque. Correlations between lipid mediator levels, receptor gene expression and bacterial abundance were analyzed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) and Sparse Partial Least Squares (SPLS) methods. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor genes and the subgingival microbiome were distinct in the three groups. The strongest correlation existed between lipid mediator profile and subgingival microbiome profile. Multiple lipid mediators and bacterial species were highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥0.6) in different periodontal conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to healthy controls revealed that one bacterial species, Corynebacterium durum, and five lipid mediators, 5(S)6(R)-DiHETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 7-HDHA, 13-HDHA and 14-HDHA, were identified in both conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to after treatment revealed that one bacterial species, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and four lipid mediators, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE, RvD1, Maresin 1 and LTB4, were identified in both conditions. Four Selenomonas species were highly correlated with RvD1, RvE3, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE and proinflammatory mediators in the periodontitis after treatment group. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor gene and subgingival microbiome are associated with periodontal inflammation and correlated with each other, suggesting inflammation mediated by lipid mediators influences microbial composition in periodontitis. The role of correlated individual lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontal inflammation have to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ruoxing Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brittney Ferguson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060933. [PMID: 34201378 PMCID: PMC8229722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Unresolved inflammation plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases development. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs), derived from long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), enhances the host defense, by resolving the inflammation and tissue repair. In addition, SPMs also have anti-inflammatory properties. These physiological effects depend on the availability of LCPUFAs precursors and cellular metabolic balance. Most of the studies have focused on the impact of SPMs in adult cardiovascular health and diseases. In this review, we discuss LCPUFAs metabolism, SPMs, and their potential effect on cardiovascular health and diseases primarily focusing in neonates. A better understanding of the role of these SPMs in cardiovascular health and diseases in neonates could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Teixeira BF, Dias FFG, Vieira TMFDS, Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell JM, Taha AY. Method optimization of oxylipin hydrolysis in nonprocessed bovine milk indicates that the majority of oxylipins are esterified. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1791-1801. [PMID: 33864645 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces bioactive primary oxidation products known as oxylipins. In many biological matrices, the majority of oxylipins are bound (i.e. esterified), and a relatively small proportion (<10%) exists in the free form. The present study tested whether this extends to bovine milk following method evaluation of various extraction and base hydrolysis protocols for measuring bound oxylipins. Free (unbound) oxylipins were also measured. Folch extraction followed by sodium carbonate hydrolysis in the presence of methanol containing 0.1% of acetic acid and 0.1% of butylated hydroxytoluene resulted in greater oxylipin concentrations and better surrogate standard recoveries compared to other methods that did not involve Folch extraction or the addition of methanol with hydrolysis base. Sodium hydroxide was better than sodium carbonate in hydrolyzing bound oxylipins under the same conditions. Milk analysis of oxylipins with mass-spectrometry following Folch extraction and sodium hydroxide hydrolysis revealed that 95% of oxylipins in bovine milk were esterified. Most of the detected oxylipins were derived from linoleic acid, which accounted for 92 and 88% of oxylipins in the free and esterified pools, respectively. These results demonstrate that the majority of bovine milk oxylipins are bound, and that linoleic-acid derived metabolites are the most abundant oxylipin species in free and bound lipid pools. Additional studies are needed to understand the role of different oxylipin pools in both calf and human nutrition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A method involving Folch lipid extraction and sodium hydroxide hydrolysis was validated for esterified oxylipin measurements in bovine milk. Application of the method revealed that the majority (∼95%) of oxylipins in bovine milk were bound. Linoleic-acid derived oxylipins were the most abundant species in both bound and free milk fractions (88-92%). The results highlight the presence of a new pool of oxidized lipids in milk, potentially involved in modifying its sensory and nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ferraz Teixeira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA.,ESALQ Food, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz,", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Specialized, pro-resolving mediators as potential therapeutic agents for alleviating fibromyalgia symptomatology. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 23:977-990. [PMID: 33565588 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a hypothesis on a novel strategy in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM). DESIGN A narrative review. SETTING FM as a disease remains a challenging concept for numerous reasons, including undefined etiopathogenesis, unclear triggers and unsuccessful treatment modalities. We hypothesize that the inflammatome, the entire set of molecules involved in inflammation, acting as a common pathophysiological instrument of gut dysbiosis, sarcopenia, and neuroinflammation, is one of the major mechanisms underlying FM pathogenesis. In this setup, dysbiosis is proposed as the primary trigger of the inflammatome, sarcopenia as the peripheral nociceptive source, and neuroinflammation as the central mechanism of pain sensitization, transmission and symptomatology of FM. Whereas neuroinflammation is highly-considered as a critical deleterious element in FM pathogenesis, the presumed pathogenic roles of sarcopenia and systemic inflammation remain controversial. Nevertheless, sarcopenia-associated processes and dysbiosis have been recently detected in FM individuals. The prevalence of pro-inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood has been repeatedly observed in FM individuals, supporting an idea on the role of inflammatome in FM pathogenesis. As such, failed inflammation resolution might be one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In accordance, the application of specialized, inflammation pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) seems most suitable for this goal. CONCLUSIONS The capability of various SPMs to prevent and attenuate pain has been repeatedly demonstrated in laboratory animal experiments. Since SPMs suppress inflammation in a manner that does not compromise host defense, they could be attractive and safe candidates for the alleviation of FM symptomatology, probably in combination with anti-dysbiotic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Libreros S, Shay AE, Nshimiyimana R, Fichtner D, Martin MJ, Wourms N, Serhan CN. A New E-Series Resolvin: RvE4 Stereochemistry and Function in Efferocytosis of Inflammation-Resolution. Front Immunol 2021; 11:631319. [PMID: 33643307 PMCID: PMC7902526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of the acute inflammatory response is governed by phagocytes actively clearing apoptotic cells and pathogens. Biosynthesis of the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) is pivotal in the resolution of inflammation via their roles in innate immune cells. Resolvin E4 (RvE4: 5S,15S-dihydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid) is a newly uncovered member of the E-series resolvins biosynthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) recently elucidated in physiologic hypoxia. This new resolvin was termed RvE4 given its ability to increase efferocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Herein, we report on the total organic synthesis of RvE4 confirming its unique structure, complete stereochemistry assignment and function. This synthetic RvE4 matched the physical properties of biogenic RvE4 material, i.e. ultra-violet (UV) absorbance, chromatographic behavior, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) fragmentation, as well as bioactivity. We confirmed RvE4 potent responses with human M2 macrophage efferocytosis of human apoptotic neutrophils and senescent red blood cells. Together, these results provide direct evidence for the assignment of the complete stereochemistry of RvE4 as 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid and its bioactions in human phagocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Fichtner
- Cayman Chemical, Research and Development Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Martin
- Cayman Chemical, Research and Development Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas Wourms
- Cayman Chemical, Research and Development Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Bathina S, Das UN. Resolvin D1 Decreases Severity of Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Enhancing BDNF Levels, Reducing Oxidative Stress, and Suppressing Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041516. [PMID: 33546300 PMCID: PMC7913477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by infiltrating macrophages and T cells that destroy pancreatic β cells in a free radical-dependent manner that causes decrease or absence of insulin secretion and consequent hyperglycemia. Hence, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress may ameliorate or decrease the severity of diabetes mellitus. To investigate the effect and mechanism(s) of action of RVD1, an anti-inflammatory metabolite derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on STZ-induced type 1 DM in male Wistar rats, type 1 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal (i.p) streptozotocin (STZ-65 mg/kg) injection. RVD1 (60 ng/mL, given intraperitoneally) was administered from day 1 along with STZ for five consecutive days. Plasma glucose, IL-6, TNF-α, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor that has anti-diabetic actions), LXA4 (lipoxin A4), and RVD1 levels and BDNF concentrations in the pancreas, liver, and brain tissues were measured. Apoptotic (Bcl2/Bax), inflammatory (COX-1/COX-2/Nf-κb/iNOS/PPAR-γ) genes and downstream insulin signaling proteins (Gsk-3β/Foxo1) were measured in the pancreatic tissue along with concentrations of various antioxidants and lipid peroxides. RVD1 decreased severity of STZ-induced type 1 DM by restoring altered plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and BDNF (p < 0.001); expression of pancreatic COX-1/COX-2/PPAR-γ genes and downstream insulin signaling proteins (Gsk-3β/Foxo1) and the concentrations of antioxidants and lipid peroxides to near normal. RVD1 treatment restored expression of Bcl2/Pdx genes, plasma LXA4 (p < 0.001) and RVD1 levels and increased brain, pancreatic, intestine, and liver BDNF levels to near normal. The results of the present study suggest that RVD1 can prevent STZ-induced type 1 diabetes by its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions and by activating the Pdx gene that is needed for pancreatic β cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siresha Bathina
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam 530048, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Gandhi Institute of Science (GIS), GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530048, India
| | - Undurti N. Das
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam 530048, India;
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA
- International Research Centre, Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium, ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) and the Developing Immune System: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010247. [PMID: 33467123 PMCID: PMC7830895 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex: it involves many cell types and numerous chemical mediators. An immature immune response increases susceptibility to infection, whilst imbalances amongst immune components leading to loss of tolerance can result in immune-mediated diseases including food allergies. Babies are born with an immature immune response. The immune system develops in early life and breast feeding promotes immune maturation and protects against infections and may protect against allergies. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are considered to be important components of breast milk. AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA are also present in the membranes of cells of the immune system and act through multiple interacting mechanisms to influence immune function. The effects of AA and of mediators derived from AA are often different from the effects of the n-3 LCPUFAs (i.e., EPA and DHA) and of mediators derived from them. Studies of supplemental n-3 LCPUFAs in pregnant women show some effects on cord blood immune cells and their responses. These studies also demonstrate reduced sensitisation of infants to egg, reduced risk and severity of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life, and reduced persistent wheeze and asthma at ages 3 to 5 years, especially in children of mothers with low habitual intake of n-3 LCPUFAs. Immune markers in preterm and term infants fed formula with AA and DHA were similar to those in infants fed human milk, whereas those in infants fed formula without LCPUFAs were not. Infants who received formula plus LCPUFAs (both AA and DHA) showed a reduced risk of allergic disease and respiratory illness than infants who received standard formula. Studies in which infants received n-3 LCPUFAs report immune differences from controls that suggest better immune maturation and they show lower risk of allergic disease and respiratory illness over the first years of life. Taken together, these findings suggest that LCPUFAs play a role in immune development that is of clinical significance, particularly with regard to allergic sensitisation and allergic manifestations including wheeze and asthma.
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da Silva Chagas L, Sandre PC, de Velasco PC, Marcondes H, Ribeiro E Ribeiro NCA, Barreto AL, Alves Mauro LB, Ferreira JH, Serfaty CA. Neuroinflammation and Brain Development: Possible Risk Factors in COVID-19-Infected Children. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:22-28. [PMID: 33530091 PMCID: PMC7900470 DOI: 10.1159/000512815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) betacoronavirus, affects children in a different way than it does in adults, with milder symptoms. However, several cases of neurological symptoms with neuroinflammatory syndromes, such as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), following mild cases, have been reported. As with other viral infections, such as rubella, influenza, and cytomegalovirus, SARS-CoV-2 induces a surge of proinflammatory cytokines that affect microglial function, which can be harmful to brain development. Along with the viral induction of neuroinflammation, other noninfectious conditions may interact to produce additional inflammation, such as the nutritional imbalance of fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Additionally, transient thyrotoxicosis induced by SARS-CoV-2 with secondary autoimmune hypothyroidism has been reported, which could go undetected during pregnancy. Together, those factors may pose additional risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection impacting mechanisms of neural development such as synaptic pruning and neural circuitry formation. The present review discusses those conditions in the perspective of the understanding of risk factors that should be considered and the possible emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders in COVID-19-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana da Silva Chagas
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Poliana Capucho Sandre
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Coelho de Velasco
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcondes
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Loureiro Barreto
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Luiza Beatriz Alves Mauro
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Julia Huber Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Serfaty
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil,
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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Bilodeau JF, Gevariya N, Larose J, Robitaille K, Roy J, Oger C, Galano JM, Bergeron A, Durand T, Fradet Y, Julien P, Fradet V. Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and their oxidized metabolites are associated with reduced prostate tumor growth. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102215. [PMID: 33276284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer has been associated with increased oxidative stress and deregulation of bioactive oxylipins derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (AA). There is a debate whether ω-3 LC-PUFA could promote or prevent prostate tumor growth through immune modulation and reduction of oxidative stress. Our aim was to study the association between enzymatically or non-enzymatically produced oxidized-LC-PUFA metabolites and tumor growth in an immune-competent eugonadal and castrated C57BL/6 male mice injected with TRAMP-C2 prostate tumor cells, fed with ω-3 or ω-6 LC-PUFA-rich diets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor fatty acids were profiled by gas chromatography and 26 metabolites derived from either AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The enriched ω-3 diet did not reduce oxidative stress overall in tumors but favored the formation of ω-3 rather than ω-6 derived isoprostanoids. We discovered that EPA and its oxidized-derivatives like F3-isoprostanes and prostaglandin (PG)F3α, were inversely correlated with tumor volume (spearman correlations and T-test, p<0.05). In contrast, F2-isoprostanes, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAω-6) and PGE2 were positively correlated with tumor volume. Interestingly, F4-neuroprostanes, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane were specifically increased in TRAMP-C2 tumors of castrated mice compared to those of eugonadal mice. DISCUSSION Decreasing tumor growth under ω-3 diet could be attributed in part to increased levels of EPA and its oxidized-derivatives, a reduced level of pro-angiogenic PGE2 and increased levels of F4-neuroprostanes and resolvins content in tumors, suspected of having anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bilodeau
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Larose
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Roy
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, site L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS) et Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Canada.
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Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Exploring the role of LC-PUFA metabolism in pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102203. [PMID: 33227645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a significant role in growth and development of the placenta and influencing pregnancy outcome. Suboptimal nutritional status during early gestational period compromises the normal course of pregnancy leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important for the growth and development of the placenta. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites influence the normal course of pregnancy by regulating cell growth and development, cell signaling, regulate angiogenesis, modulate inflammatory responses and influence various structural and functional processes. Alterations in LC-PUFA and their metabolites may result in inadequate spiral artery remodeling or placental angiogenesis leading to structural and functional deficiency of the placenta which contributes to several pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction, and results in adverse birth outcomes. In this review, we summarize studies examining the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in pregnancy. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms through which LC-PUFA influences placental growth and development. Studies have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers the incidence of preterm births, but its effect on reducing pregnancy complications are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi A Godhamgaonkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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Calder PC. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid derived specialised pro-resolving mediators: Concentrations in humans and the effects of age, sex, disease and increased omega-3 fatty acid intake. Biochimie 2020; 178:105-123. [PMID: 32860894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although inflammation has a physiological role, unrestrained inflammation can be detrimental, causing tissue damage and disease. Under normal circumstances inflammation is self-limiting with induction of active resolution processes. Central to these is the generation of specialised pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These include resolvins, protectins and maresins whose activities have been well described in cell and animal models. A number of SPMs have been reported in plasma or serum in infants, children, healthy adults and individuals with various diseases, as well as in human sputum, saliva, tears, breast milk, urine, synovial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid and in human adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hippocampus, skin, placenta, lymphoid tissues and atherosclerotic plaques. Differences in SPM concentrations have been reported between health and disease, as would be expected. However, sometimes SPM concentrations are lower in disease and sometimes they are higher. Human studies report that plasma or serum concentrations of some SPMs can be increased by increasing intake of EPA and DHA. However, the relationship of specific intakes of EPA and DHA to enhancement in the appearance of specific SPMs is not clear and needs a more thorough investigation. This is important because of the potential for EPA and DHA to be used more effectively in prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. If generation of SPMs represents an important mechanism of action of EPA and DHA, then more needs to be known about the most effective strategies by which EPA and DHA can increase SPM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Hirata S, Nagatake T, Sawane K, Hosomi K, Honda T, Ono S, Shibuya N, Saito E, Adachi J, Abe Y, Isoyama J, Suzuki H, Matsunaga A, Tomonaga T, Kiyono H, Kabashima K, Arita M, Kunisawa J. Maternal ω3 docosapentaenoic acid inhibits infant allergic dermatitis through TRAIL-expressing plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:1939-1955. [PMID: 32027039 PMCID: PMC7496639 DOI: 10.1111/all.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Maternal dietary exposures are considered to influence the development of infant allergies through changes in the composition of breast milk. Cohort studies have shown that ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk may have a beneficial effect on the preventing of allergies in infants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. We investigated how the maternal intake of dietary ω3 PUFAs affects fatty acid profiles in the breast milk and their pups and reduced the incidence of allergic diseases in the pups. Methods Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) induced by 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and fluorescein isothiocyanate was applied to the skin in pups reared by mother maintained with diets mainly containing ω3 or ω6 PUFAs. Skin inflammation, immune cell populations, and expression levels of immunomodulatory molecules in pups and/or human cell line were investigated by using flow cytometric, immunohistologic, and quantitative RT‐PCR analyses. ω3 PUFA metabolites in breast milk and infant's serum were evaluated by lipidomics analysis using LC‐MS/MS. Results We show that maternal intake of linseed oil, containing abundant ω3 α‐linolenic acid, resulted in the increased levels of ω3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and its 14‐lipoxygenation products in the breast milk of mouse dams; these metabolites increased the expression of TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in their pups and thus inhibited infant CHS. Indeed, the administration of DPA‐derived 14‐lipoxygenation products to mouse pups ameliorated their DNFB CHS. Conclusion These findings suggest that an inhibitory mechanism in infant skin allergy is induced through maternal metabolism of dietary ω3 PUFAs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- So‐ichiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe‐city Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Kento Sawane
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Innovation Center Atsugi‐city Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita‐city Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto‐city Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto‐city Japan
| | - Noriko Shibuya
- Department of Pediatrics Maternal & Child Health Center, Aiiku Clinic Tokyo Japan
| | - Emiko Saito
- Department of Human Nutrition Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Junko Isoyama
- Laboratory of Proteome Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Ayu Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego (UCSD) San Diego CA USA
- Chiba University (CU)‐UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV) UCSD San Diego CA USA
- Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba‐city Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto‐city Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama‐city Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Keio University Tokyo Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science Yokohama City University Yokohama‐city Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN) Ibaraki‐city Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe‐city Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Suita‐city Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita‐city Japan
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40
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Gan J, Zhang Z, Kurudimov K, German JB, Taha AY. Distribution of Free and Esterified Oxylipins in Cream, Cell, and Skim Fractions of Human Milk. Lipids 2020; 55:661-670. [PMID: 32725684 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human milk contains oxylipins involved in infant development. Although oxylipins have been identified in whole or skim milk, their localization within human milk cream, cell, and skim fractions is not known. This study determined the distribution of free and esterified oxylipins in cream, cell, and skim fractions of human milk. Out of 72 oxylipins probed by mass-spectrometry, 42, 29, and 41 oxylipins (free or bound) were detected in cream, cell, and skim fractions, respectively. Over 90% of free and bound oxylipins were derived from linoleic acid in all milk fractions. Other oxylipins were derived from n-6 arachidonic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and n-3 alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Free oxylipins were more abundant in skim milk (59.9% of total oxylipins) compared to cream and cell pellet, whereas esterified oxylipins were most abundant in milk cream and cell pellets (74.9-76.9%). The heterogenous distribution of oxylipins in different fractions of human milk may regulate the guided release of these bioactive signaling molecules within infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junai Gan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karina Kurudimov
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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41
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Ferguson B, Bokka NR, Maddipati KR, Ayilavarapu S, Weltman R, Zhu L, Chen W, Zheng WJ, Angelov N, Van Dyke TE, Lee CT. Distinct Profiles of Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators and Corresponding Receptor Gene Expression in Periodontal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1307. [PMID: 32670289 PMCID: PMC7330171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) play an important role in modulating inflammation. The aim of the study was to compare profiles of SPMs, SPM related lipid mediators and SPM receptor gene expression in gingiva of subjects with periodontitis to healthy controls. A total of 28 subjects were included; 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis before or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Gingival tissues were collected from two representative posterior teeth prior to and 8 weeks after scaling and root planning; only once in the healthy group. Lipid mediator-SPM metabololipidomics was performed to identify metabolites in gingiva. qRT-PCR was performed to assess relative gene expression (2−ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. Intergroup comparisons were made using Wilcoxon tests. Thirty-six omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators and seven receptor genes were identified in gingiva. Profiles of lipid mediators and receptor gene expression were significantly different between the three groups. Levels of six lipid mediators, 5-HETE, 15-HETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 4-HDHA, 7-HDHA, and 17-HDHA in periodontitis before treatment were significantly higher than in periodontitis after treatment. The expression of BLT1 in the healthy group was significantly higher than periodontitis subjects before and after treatment. The expression of GPR18 in periodontitis before treatment was significantly higher than in periodontitis after treatment while the expression of GPR32 in periodontitis before treatment was significantly lower than in periodontitis after treatment. Elevated levels of SPM biosynthetic pathway markers in periodontitis subjects before treatment indicated inflammation induced pro-resolution activity in gingiva, but receptors for these molecules were deficient in periodontitis pre-treatment suggesting that failure of resolution of inflammation contributes to excess, chronic inflammation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Ferguson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nishantha R Bokka
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Srinivas Ayilavarapu
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robin Weltman
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Service Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Service Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W Jim Zheng
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Service Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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42
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Wang CW, Yu SH, Fretwurst T, Larsson L, Sugai JV, Oh J, Lehner K, Jin Q, Giannobile WV. Maresin 1 Promotes Wound Healing and Socket Bone Regeneration for Alveolar Ridge Preservation. J Dent Res 2020; 99:930-937. [PMID: 32384864 PMCID: PMC7338694 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520917903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth extraction results in alveolar bone resorption and is accompanied by postoperative swelling and pain. Maresin 1 (MaR1) is a proresolving lipid mediator produced by macrophages during the resolution phase of inflammation, bridging healing and tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MaR1 on tooth extraction socket wound healing in a preclinical rat model. The maxillary right first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted, and gelatin scaffolds were placed into the sockets with or without MaR1. Topical application was also given twice a week until complete socket wound closure up to 14 d. Immediate postoperative pain was assessed by 3 scores. Histology and microcomputed tomography were used to assess socket bone fill and alveolar ridge dimensional changes at selected dates. The assessments of coded specimens were performed by masked, calibrated examiners. Local application of MaR1 potently accelerated extraction socket healing. Macroscopic and histologic analysis revealed a reduced soft tissue wound opening and more rapid re-epithelialization with MaR1 delivery versus vehicle on socket healing. Under micro-computed tomography analysis, MaR1 (especially at 0.05 μg/μL) stimulated greater socket bone fill at day 10 as compared with the vehicle-treated animals, resulting in less buccal plate resorption and a wider alveolar ridge by day 21. Interestingly, an increased ratio of CD206+:CD68+ macrophages was identified in the sockets with MaR1 application under immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. As compared with the vehicle therapy, local delivery of MaR1 reduced immediate postoperative surrogate pain score panels. In summary, MaR1 accelerated extraction wound healing, promoted socket bone fill, preserved alveolar ridge bone, and reduced postoperative pain in vivo with a rodent preclinical model. Local administration of MaR1 offers clinical potential to accelerate extraction socket wound healing for more predictable dental implant reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S H Yu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T Fretwurst
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Larsson
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - J V Sugai
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Oh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Lehner
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Q Jin
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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43
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Yin P, Wang S, Wei Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Yin X, Feng J, Zhu M. Maresin1 Decreased Microglial Chemotaxis and Ameliorated Inflammation Induced by Amyloid-β42 in Neuron-Microglia Co-Culture Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:503-515. [PMID: 31796671 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingdian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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44
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Bäck M, Yurdagul A, Tabas I, Öörni K, Kovanen PT. Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:389-406. [PMID: 30846875 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima in which the balance of pro-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving mechanisms dictates the final clinical outcome. Intimal infiltration and modification of plasma-derived lipoproteins and their uptake mainly by macrophages, with ensuing formation of lipid-filled foam cells, initiate atherosclerotic lesion formation, and deficient efferocytotic removal of apoptotic cells and foam cells sustains lesion progression. Defective efferocytosis, as a sign of inadequate inflammation resolution, leads to accumulation of secondarily necrotic macrophages and foam cells and the formation of an advanced lesion with a necrotic lipid core, indicative of plaque vulnerability. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids or arachidonic acid and by relevant proteins and signalling gaseous molecules. One of the major effects of inflammation resolution mediators is phenotypic conversion of pro-inflammatory macrophages into macrophages that suppress inflammation and promote healing. In advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the ratio between specialized pro-resolving mediators and pro-inflammatory lipids (in particular leukotrienes) is strikingly low, providing a molecular explanation for the defective inflammation resolution features of these lesions. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of the formation of clinically dangerous atherosclerotic lesions and the potential of pro-resolving mediator therapy to inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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45
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Bardanzellu F, Peila C, Fanos V, Coscia A. Clinical insights gained through metabolomic analysis of human breast milk. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:909-932. [PMID: 31825672 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1703679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Among the OMICS technologies, that have emerged in recent years, metabolomics has allowed relevant step forwards in clinical research. Several improvements in disease diagnosis and clinical management have been permitted, even in neonatology. Among potentially evaluable biofluids, breast milk (BM) results are highly interesting, representing a fluid of conjunction between mothers newborns, describing their interaction.Areas covered: in this review, updating a previous review article, we discuss research articles and reviews on BM metabolomics and found in MEDLINE using metabolomics, breast milk, neonatal nutrition, breastfeeding, human milk composition, and preterm neonates as keywords.Expert opinion: Our research group has a profound interest in metabolomics research. In 2012, we published the first metabolomic analysis on BM samples, reporting interesting data on its composition and relevant differences with formula milk (FM), useful to improve FM composition. As confirmed by successive studies, such technology can detect the specific BM composition and its dependence on several variables, including lactation stage, gestational age, maternal or environmental conditions. Moreover, since BM contaminants or drug levels can be detected, metabolomics also results useful to determine BM safety. These are only a few practical applications of BM analysis, which will be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Chiara Peila
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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46
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Abdel-Motal UM, Al-Shaibi A, Elawad M, Lo B. Zero tolerance! A perspective on monogenic disorders with defective regulatory T cells and IBD-like disease. Immunol Rev 2019; 287:236-240. [PMID: 30565246 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have investigated a number of rare monogenic autoimmune disorders, in which the causative genetic defects were identified and found to affect the development or function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The studies of these disorders have facilitated a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in immune regulation and tolerance. Furthermore, these studies have highlighted the importance of Tregs in maintaining homeostasis at the mucosal interface between the host and microbiome. Here, we offer our perspective on these monogenic autoimmune disorders, highlighting their overlapping clinical features with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ussama M Abdel-Motal
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Al-Shaibi
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mamoun Elawad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bernice Lo
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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47
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The resolution of inflammation through omega-3 fatty acids in atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular calcification. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:757-766. [PMID: 31696250 PMCID: PMC6881483 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids serve as the substrate for the formation of a group of lipid mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. The cardiovascular inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and vascular injury is characterized by a failure in the resolution of inflammation, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. The proresolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) is formed by enzymatic conversion of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and signals resolution of inflammation through its receptor ChemR23. Importantly, the resolution of cardiovascular inflammation is an active, multifactorial process that involves modulation of the immune response, direct actions on the vascular wall, as well as close interactions between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Promoting anti-atherogenic signalling through the stimulation of endogenous resolution of inflammation pathways may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular prevention.
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48
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Domínguez-Perles R, Gil-Izquierdo A, Ferreres F, Medina S. Update on oxidative stress and inflammation in pregnant women, unborn children (nasciturus), and newborns - Nutritional and dietary effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:38-51. [PMID: 30902759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The scientific background of perinatal pathology, regarding both mother and offspring, from the lipidomic perspective, has highlighted the possibility of identifying new, promising clinical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, closely related to the normal development of unborn and newborn children, together with their application. In this regard, in recent years, significant advances have been achieved, assisted by both newly developed analytical tools and basic knowledge on the biological implications of oxylipins. Hence, in the light of this recent progress, this review aims to provide an update on the relevance of human oxylipins during pregnancy and in the unborn and newborn child, covering two fundamental aspects. Firstly, the evidence from human clinical studies and dietary intervention trials will be used to shed light on the extent to which dietary supplementation can modulate the lipidomic markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the perinatal state, emphasizing the role of the placenta and metabolic disturbances in the mother and fetus. The second part of this article comprises a review of existing data on specific pathophysiological aspects of human reproduction, in relation to lipidomic markers in pregnant women, unborn children, and newborn children. The information reviewed here evidences the current opportunity to correct reproductive disturbances, in the framework of lipidomics, by fine-tuning dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domínguez-Perles
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - F Ferreres
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Medina
- Group on Safety, Quality, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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49
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Nessel I, Khashu M, Dyall SC. The effects of storage conditions on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid mediators, and antioxidants in donor human milk - A review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:8-17. [PMID: 31421526 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) is the recommended alternative, if maternal milk is unavailable. However, current human milk banking practices may negatively affect the nutritional quality of DHM. This review summarises the effects of these practices on polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid mediators and antioxidants of human milk. Overall, there is considerable variation in the reported effects, and further research is needed, particularly with lipid mediators and antioxidants. However, to preserve nutritional quality, DHM should be protected from light exposure and storage at 4 °C minimised, to prevent decreases in vitamin C and endocannabinoids and increases in free fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products. Storage at -20 °C prior to pasteurisation should also be minimised, to prevent free fatty increases and total fat and endocannabinoid decreases. Storage ≤-70 °C is preferable wherever possible, although post-pasteurisation storage at -20 °C for three months appears safe for free fatty acids, lipid peroxidation products, and total fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Nessel
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, BH13LT U.K..
| | - Minesh Khashu
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, BH13LT U.K.; Neonatal Unit, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, U.K
| | - Simon C Dyall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K
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Ulu A, Sahoo PK, Yuil-Valdes AG, Mukherjee M, Van Ormer M, Muthuraj PG, Thompson M, Anderson Berry A, Hanson CK, Natarajan SK, Nordgren TM. Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Resolvin D2 Regulates Human Placental Vascular Smooth Muscle and Extravillous Trophoblast Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184402. [PMID: 31500240 PMCID: PMC6770915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are important to pregnancy and neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids exert their protective effects is through serving as substrates for the generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that potently limit and resolve inflammatory processes. We recently identified that SPM levels are increased in maternal blood at delivery as compared to umbilical cord blood, suggesting the placenta as a potential site of action for maternal SPM. To explore this hypothesis, we obtained human placental samples and stained for the SPM resolvin D2 (RvD2) receptor GPR18 via immunohistochemistry. In so doing, we identified GPR18 expression in placental vascular smooth muscle and extravillous trophoblasts of the placental tissues. Using in vitro culturing, we confirmed expression of GPR18 in these cell types and further identified that stimulation with RvD2 led to significantly altered responsiveness (cytoskeletal changes and pro-inflammatory cytokine production) to lipopolysaccharide inflammatory stimulation in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells and placental trophoblasts. Taken together, these findings establish a role for SPM actions in human placental tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cells, Cultured
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Maternal Age
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Placenta/cytology
- Placenta/drug effects
- Placenta/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Prakash K Sahoo
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Ana G Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Philma Glora Muthuraj
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Corrine K Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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