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Usuki K, Kameda T, Kawano N, Ito T, Hashimoto Y, Shide K, Kawano H, Sekine M, Toyama T, Iizuka H, Sato S, Takeuchi M, Ishizaki J, Maeda K, Nakai M, Yamashita K, Kubuki Y, Shimoda K. Prevalence of chromosome 8p11.2 translocations and correlation with myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms associated with FGFR1 abnormalities in a consecutive cohort from nine institutions in Japan. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:722-727. [PMID: 38457113 PMCID: PMC11136786 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms associated with FGFR1 abnormalities (MLN-FGFR1 abnormalities) are rare hematologic malignancies associated with chromosome 8p11.2 abnormalities. Translocations of 8p11.2 were detected in 10 of 17,039 (0.06%) unique patient cytogenetic studies performed at nine institutions in Japan. No inversions or insertions of 8p11.2 were detected. Among the 10 patients with 8p11.2 translocations, three patients were diagnosed with MLN-FGFR1 abnormalities, which were confirmed by FISH analysis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was observed in all three patients, and all progressed to AML or T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia. The prevalence of 8p11.2 translocations in clinical practice and the proportion of MLN-FGFR1 abnormalities in patients with 8p11.2 translocations in Japan were consistent with those in previous reports from Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Usuki
- Department of Hematology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Kameda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shide
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiromitsu Iizuka
- Department of Hematology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Michikazu Nakai
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Kubuki
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Elakad O, Lois AM, Schmitz K, Yao S, Hugo S, Lukat L, Hinterthaner M, Danner BC, von Hammerstein-Equord A, Reuter-Jessen K, Schildhaus HU, Ströbel P, Bohnenberger H. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3574-3583. [PMID: 32207251 PMCID: PMC7288860 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a potential treatment for squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC). So far, treatment decision in clinical studies is based on gene amplification. However, only a minority of patients have shown durable response. Furthermore, former studies have revealed contrasting results regarding the impact of FGFR1 amplification and expression on patient's prognosis. AIMS Here, we analyzed prevalence and correlation of FGFR1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer and their impact on overall survival. MATERIALS & METHODS: FGFR1 gene amplification and protein expression were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 208 SQCLC and 45 small cell lung cancers (SCLC). Furthermore, FGFR1 protein expression was analyzed in 121 pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ACs). Amplification and expression were correlated to each other, clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival. RESULTS FGFR1 was amplified in 23% of SQCLC and 8% of SCLC. Amplification was correlated to males (P = .027) but not to overall survival. Specificity of immunostaining was verified by cellular CRISPR/Cas9 FGFR1 knockout. FGFR1 was strongly expressed in 9% of SQCLC, 35% of AC, and 4% of SCLC. Expression was correlated to females (P = .0187) and to the absence of lymph node metastasis in SQCLC (P = .018) with no significant correlation to overall survival. Interestingly, no significant correlation between amplification and expression was detected. DISCUSSION FGFR1 gene amplification does not seem to correlate to protein expression. CONCLUSION We believe that patient selection for FGFR1 inhibitors in clinical studies should be reconsidered. Neither FGFR1 amplification nor expression influences patient's prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elakad
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Lois
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sha Yao
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sara Hugo
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Lukat
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Hinterthaner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard C Danner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Miao JL, Zhou JH, Cai JJ, Liu RJ. The association between fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:16-26. [PMID: 32051701 PMCID: PMC6963147 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.91284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying target oncogenic alterations in lung cancer represents a major development in disease management. We examined the association of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene amplification with pathological characteristics and geographic region. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of studies published between January 2010 and October 2016. Relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated regarding the rate of FGFR1 amplification in different lung cancer types and geographic region. RESULTS Twenty-three studies (5252 patients) were included. There was heterogeneity between studies. However, in subgroup analyses for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), studies using the same definition of FGFR1 amplification, and those from Australia, no significant heterogeneity was detected. The prevalence of FGFR1 amplification in these studies ranged from 4.9% to 49.2% in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 5.1% to 41.5% in SCC, 0% to 14.7% in adenocarcinoma, and 0% to 7.8% in SCLC. The prevalence of FGFR1 amplification was significantly higher in SCC than in adenocarcinoma (RR = 5.2) and SCLC (RR = 4.2). The prevalence of FGFR1 amplification ranged from 5.6% to 22.2% in Europe, 4.1% to 18.2% in the United States, 7.8% to 49.2% in Asia, and 14.2% to 18.6% in Australia. The rate of FGFR1 amplification was higher in Asians than in non-Asians (RR = 1.9) in NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FGFR1 amplification occurs more frequently in SCC and in Asians. FGFR1 amplification may be a potential new therapeutic target for specific patients and lung cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Juan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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Chen S, Qiu Y, Guo P, Pu T, Feng Y, Bu H. FGFR1 and HER1 or HER2 co-amplification in breast cancer indicate poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8206-8214. [PMID: 29805554 PMCID: PMC5950032 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 or 2 (HER1/2), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling serve critical roles in the progression of breast cancer; however, cross-talk between HER1/2 and FGFR1 signaling has not been extensively studied. In the present study, the copy number variation status of FGFR1 and HER1/2, and the clinical implications and prognostic relevance of this, were evaluated in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) tissue samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to assess gene copy number variation in IDC samples, and the clinical characteristics and survival curves of patients with IDC were analyzed. The amplification of FGFR1 was identified in 16.0% of the samples (12 of 75), of HER1 in 26.7% (20 of 75), of HER2 in 37.3% (28 of 75), and of FGFR1 and HER1/2 simultaneously in 8.0% (6 of 75). FGFR1 and HER1/2 co-amplification were significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P=0.035), recurrence (P=0.026) and decreased disease-free survival time (P=0.042). This was the case for patients undergoing endocrine therapy (P=0.002) and chemotherapy (P=0.044). Taken together, the results indicate that patients with FGFR1 and HER1/2 co-amplification may exhibit a less favorable prognosis compared with patients with either FGFR1, HER1/2 amplification or without amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinan Chen
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Monico J, Miller B, Rezeanu L, May W, Sullivan DC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 amplification in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0186185. [PMID: 29351293 PMCID: PMC5774678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been noted to be amplified in a variety of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) of the head, neck, and lung and increased copy number (CN) is a predictor of poor outcomes. FGFR1 is a therapeutic target for lung SCCa and inhibition therapy is currently in clinical trials. Absolute quantification of FGFR1 from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue of laryngeal SCCa was examined in this retrospective study. A droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was used for absolute quantitation of the FGFR1 gene CN. Of the 74 samples analyzed, FGFR1 CN analysis revealed 54% of samples had CN greater than 2 copies/cell (1.8-2.2 copies/cell), and 38% had CN values greater than 3. The mean and standard deviation FGFR1 CN was 4.17 ± 1.46 CN for African American patients (n = 41) and 3.78 ±1.85 CN for Caucasian patients (n = 31). Further, 60.9% of specimens from African Americans demonstrated increased FGFR1 CN compared to 48.4% of Caucasians. Two SCCA samples from Native American demonstrated increased FGFR1 CN (4.19 and 3.01 CN). The level of FGFR1 amplification did not correlate with tumor stage, lymph node staging, or metastasis. In this population, the proportion of patient samples with an FGFR1 amplification was three times higher than in reported for SCCA of the head and neck. Further, increased FGFR1 CN was observed in two racial groups not previously reported: African Americans and Native Americans. However, FGFR1 amplification is not prognostic in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Monico
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Brandon Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Luminita Rezeanu
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Warren May
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Donna C. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
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6
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Miao JL, Liu RJ, Zhou JH, Meng SH. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Amplification in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2868-2872. [PMID: 27901003 PMCID: PMC5146797 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.194649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the prevalence and prognostic significance of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification and to establish an association between FGFR1 amplification and the clinical characteristics of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data Sources: We searched PubMed for English-language studies published between January 2010 and May 2016. Study Selection: We included all relevant articles, with no limitation of study design. Results: FGFR1 amplification was reported in 8.7–20.0% of NSCLC cases and was significantly more frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (9.7–28.3%) than in adenocarcinomas (ADCs) (0–15.0%). The rates of FGFR1 amplification were as follows: males, 13.9–22.1%; females, 0–20.1%; Stage I NSCLC, 9.3–24.1%; Stage II NSCLC, 12.9–25.0%; Stage III NSCLC, 8.2–19.5%; Stage IV NSCLC, 0–12.5%; current smokers, 13.3–29.0%; former smokers, 2.5–23.0%; and nonsmokers, 0–22.2%. Overall survival was 43.9–70.8 months in patients with FGFR1 amplification and 42.4–115.0 months in patients with no FGFR1 amplification; disease-free survival was 22.5–58.5 months and 52.4–94.6 months, respectively. Conclusions: FGFR1 amplification is more frequent in SCCs than in ADCs. The association between FGFR1 amplification and clinical characteristics (gender, smoking status, and disease stage) and the prognostic significance of FGFR1 amplification in NSCLC remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Rui-Juan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Shu-Hua Meng
- Zouping County Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Binzhou, Shandong 256200, China
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7
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Weeden CE, Holik AZ, Young RJ, Ma SB, Garnier JM, Fox SB, Antippa P, Irving LB, Steinfort DP, Wright GM, Russell PA, Ritchie ME, Burns CJ, Solomon B, Asselin-Labat ML. Cisplatin Increases Sensitivity to FGFR Inhibition in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1610-1622. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Ipenburg NA, Koole K, Liem KS, van Kempen PMW, Koole R, van Diest PJ, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Family Members as Prognostic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Target Oncol 2016; 11:17-27. [PMID: 26115874 PMCID: PMC4759209 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since head and neck cancer is characterized by poor survival rates, there is a demand for novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. An upcoming therapeutic target is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family. However, their prognostic role in head and neck cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To systematically review current evidence on the prognostic value of FGFR family members in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed for publications up to 14 May 2014. Two reviewers screened all articles and included prognostic studies on the molecular biomarkers FGFR1-5 in any type of HNSCC. Relevant studies were assessed on risk of bias using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Data on FGFR aberrations and survival outcome were extracted from relevant studies. The prognostic value of FGFR aberrations was compared among studies. RESULTS The initial search yielded 1568 publications of which 12 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four studies reported FGFR1 gene amplification (9.3-17.4 %) and FGFR1 protein overexpression (11.8 %) in HNSCC. FGFR1 protein expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts correlated with poor survival outcome in one study (p < 0.01). Eight studies reported high rates of FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphisms (32.5-54.2 %) and FGFR4 protein overexpression (16-35 %), with varying correlations with survival. So far, no studies assessed the prognostic role of FGFR2, FGFR3, or FGFR5 in HNSCC. LIMITATIONS Significant risk of bias has been identified among included studies. Therefore, cautious interpretation of the results is recommended. CONCLUSION In conclusion, evidence was found for prognostic value of FGFR1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts in HNSCC. Prognostic evidence on the other FGFR family members in HNSCC is limited and conflicting. This emphasizes the need for future well-conducted prognostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbertus A Ipenburg
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Koos Koole
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - K Seng Liem
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron Koole
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert J J van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 885500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Kwon D, Yun JY, Keam B, Kim YT, Jeon YK. Prognostic implications of FGFR1 and MYC status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9803-9812. [PMID: 27956804 PMCID: PMC5124985 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i44.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic implications of combined MYC and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) status in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs).
METHODS All patients with ESCC (n = 180) underwent surgical resection at Seoul National University Hospital sometime between 2000 and 2013. A tissue microarray was constructed using cores obtained from representative tumor areas of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. FGFR1 and MYC copy numbers were quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The level of MYC expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. FGFR1 and MYC amplification status was compared between primary and metastatic lymph nodes. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed according to adjuvant therapy status.
RESULTS FGFR1 and MYC amplifications were observed in 21.4% (37/173) and 54.2% (91/168) of patients, respectively, while MYC expression was observed in 58.9% (106/180) of patients. There was a positive correlation between MYC amplification and overexpression (P = 0.002). Although FGFR1 amplification was not associated with MYC amplification or expression, 12.3% (20/163) of patients exhibited both FGFR1 amplification and MYC expression. There was also a correlation in FGFR1 amplification status between matched primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.001). MYC expression was higher in ESCCs with pT1 (P < 0.001) and in those with no lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023). MYC expression was associated with prolonged disease-free survival (P = 0.036) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.017) but was not an independent prognostic factor. FGFR1 amplification was an independent predictor for prolonged OS in all patients (P = 0.029) and in those who did not receive adjuvant therapy (P = 0.013). Combined FGFR1 amplification and MYC expression predicted better OS in patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy (P = 0.034) but not in those who did receive adjuvant therapy.
CONCLUSION FGFR1 amplification and MYC expression have prognostic implications in resected ESCCs with respect to adjuvant therapy. The role of FGFR1-targeted therapy in ESCC remains to be explored.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Esophagectomy
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Dosage
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Phenotype
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
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Lam SK, Leung LL, Li YY, Zheng CY, Ho JCM. Combination effects of arsenic trioxide and fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor in squamous cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer 2016; 101:111-119. [PMID: 27794399 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer remains the top cancer killer worldwide, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as the second commonest histologic subtype. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) was previously shown to suppress growth of lung cancer. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) amplification was recently demonstrated in lung SCC, with specific FGFR inhibitor (e.g. PD173074) developed as a potential targeted therapy. Therefore the combination effects of ATO and PD173074 in SCC was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The combination of ATO/PD173074 was studied in a proof-of-principle model using a lung SCC cell line with FGFR1 overexpression: SK-MES-1. The effects of ATO and/or PD173074 on cell viability and protein expression were studied by MTT assay and Western blot respectively. Cell cycle analysis, phosphatidylserine externalization and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were monitored by flow cytometry. FGFR1 knockdown was performed with siRNAs. Proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) was used to study the degradation mechanism. In vivo effect of ATO and/or PD173074 was investigated using a nude mice xenograft model. RESULTS Combined ATO/PD173074 reduced cell viability along with increased sub-G1 population, phosphatidylserine externalization and mitochondrial membrane depolarization more significantly than single treatments. Downregulation of FGFR1, p-Akt, Akt, p-Src, Src, p-c-Raf, c-Raf, Erk and survivin as well as upregulation of p-Erk and cleaved PARP were observed upon ATO and/or PD treatment. MG-132 partially reversed the degradation of Akt, Src, c-Raf and Erk induced by ATO/PD, suggestive of ubiquitin-independent proteasome-dependent degradation. However, the mechanism of FGFR1 downregulation remained unknown. Downregulation of FGFR1, Akt, Src, c-Raf and Erk as well as cleaved PARP elevation induced by ATO and/or PD were confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSION Massive protein degradation (FGFR1, Akt, Src, c-Raf and Erk) was induced by ATO and/or PD173074 treatment mainly mediated by activation of proteasomal degradation in SCC cell line SK-MES-1 in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leanne Lee Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zheng
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Xie FJ, Lu HY, Zheng QQ, Qin J, Gao Y, Zhang YP, Hu X, Mao WM. The clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of FGFR1 gene amplification in non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:171-181. [PMID: 26793001 PMCID: PMC4708197 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR1 amplification is recognized as a novel therapy target for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the association between FGFR1 amplification and the clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of 17 eligible studies to examine the correlation between FGFR1 gene amplification and clinicopathological characteristics. FGFR1 amplification was closely related to these clinicopathological features, including sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-2.80), smoking (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.02-5.44), and histology (OR 3.60, 95% CI 2.82-4.59). FGFR1 amplification was associated with shorter overall survival, and no significant heterogeneity existed between studies (I (2)=3.8%). We should note that publication bias may partly account for these results, but our findings remained significant after the trim-and-fill method (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40). However, no significant correlation was found with poor disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.43, 95% CI 0.96-2.12). In conclusion, this study showed that FGFR1 amplification was significantly associated with sex, smoking, and histology. FGFR1 amplification could be a marker of poor prognosis in NSCLC patients, especially in SCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Jun Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Qing Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Mao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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The Role of FGFR1 Gene Amplification as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:763080. [PMID: 26788508 PMCID: PMC4695660 DOI: 10.1155/2015/763080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The prognostic factors of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain controversial. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies from 1974 to February 2015. In absence of quality difference between studies of reporting significant and nonsignificant results, the relationship between FGFR1 amplification and clinicopathological parameters in NSCLC was analyzed. And also the combined hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in terms of overall survival. Results. 3178 patients (12 studies) were included in the analysis. It was shown that FGFR1 amplification was significantly more prevalent among male patients (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.57–2.63) with squamous cell lung cancer (SQCC) (RR 3.49, 95% CI 2.62–4.64) and current smokers (RR 2.63, 95% CI 1.92–3.60). The pooled data also showed that the FGFR1 amplification was a poor prognostic factor in SQCC (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07–1.78), Asian patients (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22–2.60), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06–1.58). Conclusions. This meta-analysis strongly suggests that FGFR1 amplification occurs more frequently in male, SQCC and smokers, and it is a risk factor for poor prognosis among Asian patients with SQCC.
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Kwak Y, Nam SK, Seo AN, Kim DW, Kang SB, Kim WH, Lee HS. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Copy Number and mRNA Expression in Primary Colorectal Cancer and Its Clinicopathologic Correlation. Pathobiology 2015; 82:76-83. [PMID: 26088290 DOI: 10.1159/000398807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been reported to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and suggested to be a therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated FGFR1 expression and amplification in CRC and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. METHODS FGFR1 dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and mRNA in situ hybridization were performed on tissue array blocks composed of 291 consecutive primary CRCs. RESULTS Of the 291 CRC cases, FGFR1 gene amplification was found in 11 (3.8%) cases, high FGFR1 polysomy in 4 (1.4%) cases, and FGFR1 gene copy number (GCN) gain (GCN >2) in 77 (26.5%) cases. FGFR1 GCN gain was significantly associated with left-sided location, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and higher TNM stage (p < 0.05). FGFR1 GCN gain also correlated with poor patient survival (p = 0.015). FGFR1 mRNA overexpression (score 3-4) was present in 11.7% (34/291) of the patients and was significantly associated with FGFR1 GCN alteration (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.463; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION FGFR1 GCN gain was more frequently found (26.5%) than gene amplification (3.8%) and correlated with aggressive clinical behavior in consecutive CRC patients. FGFR1 GCN alteration was associated with a high FGFR1 mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Paik PK, Shen R, Won H, Rekhtman N, Wang L, Sima CS, Arora A, Seshan V, Ladanyi M, Berger MF, Kris MG. Next-Generation Sequencing of Stage IV Squamous Cell Lung Cancers Reveals an Association of PI3K Aberrations and Evidence of Clonal Heterogeneity in Patients with Brain Metastases. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:610-21. [PMID: 25929848 PMCID: PMC4643059 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Large-scale genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers (SQCLC) has revealed several putative oncogenic drivers. There are, however, little data to suggest that these alterations have clinical relevance. We performed comprehensive genomic profiling (including next-generation sequencing) of 79 stage IV SQCLCs and analyzed differences in the clinical characteristics of two major SQCLC subtypes: FGFR1 amplified and PI3K aberrant. Patients with PI3K-aberrant tumors had aggressive disease marked by worse survival (median overall survival, 8.6 vs. 19.1 months, P < 0.001), higher metastatic burden (>3 organs, 18% vs. 3%, P = 0.025), and greater incidence of brain metastases (27% vs. 0% in others, P < 0.001). We performed whole-exome and RNA sequencing on paired brain metastases and primary lung cancers to elucidate the metastatic process to brain. SQCLC primaries that gave rise to brain metastases exhibited truncal PTEN loss. SQCLC brain metastases exhibited a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and evidence of clonal differences between their primary sites. SIGNIFICANCE We performed next-generation sequencing of metastatic SQCLCs and primary lung-brain metastasis pairs, identifying PI3K-aberrant tumors as an aggressive subset associated with brain metastases. We identified genetic heterogeneity between lung primaries-brain metastases as well as clonal populations that may highlight alterations important in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Paik
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Helen Won
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Camelia S Sima
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Arshi Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark G Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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