1
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Tebbe L, Kakakhel M, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. The role of syntaxins in retinal function and health. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1380064. [PMID: 38799985 PMCID: PMC11119284 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1380064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) superfamily plays a pivotal role in cellular trafficking by facilitating membrane fusion events. These SNARE proteins, including syntaxins, assemble into complexes that actively facilitate specific membrane fusion events. Syntaxins, as integral components of the SNARE complex, play a crucial role in initiating and regulating these fusion activities. While specific syntaxins have been extensively studied in various cellular processes, including neurotransmitter release, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi protein transport, their roles in the retina remain less explored. This review aims to enhance our understanding of syntaxins' functions in the retina by shedding light on how syntaxins mediate membrane fusion events unique to the retina. Additionally, we seek to establish a connection between syntaxin mutations and retinal diseases. By exploring the intricate interplay of syntaxins in retinal function and health, we aim to contribute to the broader comprehension of cellular trafficking in the context of retinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muna I. Naash
- *Correspondence: Muna I. Naash, ; Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi,
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2
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Nawara TJ, Sztul E, Mattheyses AL. Fluidic shear stress alters clathrin dynamics and vesicle formation in endothelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.572628. [PMID: 38260513 PMCID: PMC10802377 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.572628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) experience a variety of highly dynamic mechanical stresses. Among others, cyclic stretch and increased plasma membrane tension inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in non-ECs cells. How ECs overcome such unfavorable, from biophysical perspective, conditions and maintain CME remains elusive. Previously, we have used simultaneous two-wavelength axial ratiometry (STAR) microscopy to show that endocytic dynamics are similar between statically cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblast-like Cos-7 cells. Here we asked whether biophysical stresses generated by blood flow could favor one mechanism of clathrin-coated vesicle formation to overcome environment present in vasculature. We used our data processing platform - DrSTAR - to examine if clathrin dynamics are altered in HUVECs grown under fluidic sheer stress (FSS). Surprisingly, we found that FSS led to an increase in clathrin dynamics. In HUVECs grown under FSS we observed a 2.3-fold increase in clathrin-coated vesicle formation and a 1.9-fold increase in non-productive flat clathrin lattices compared to cells grown in static conditions. The curvature-positive events had significantly delayed curvature initiation in flow-stimulated cells, highlighting a shift toward flat-to-curved clathrin transitions in vesicle formation. Overall, our findings indicate that clathrin dynamics and CCV formation can be modulated by the local physiological environment and represents an important regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexa L. Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Nawara TJ, Mattheyses AL. Imaging nanoscale axial dynamics at the basal plasma membrane. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 156:106349. [PMID: 36566777 PMCID: PMC10634635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of how energetically unfavorable plasma membrane shapes form, especially in the context of dynamic processes in living cells or tissues like clathrin-mediated endocytosis is in its infancy. Even though cutting-edge microscopy techniques that bridge this gap exist, they remain underused in biomedical sciences. Here, we demystify the perceived complexity of these advanced microscopy approaches and demonstrate their power in resolving nanometer axial dynamics in living cells. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy based approaches are the main focus of this review. We present clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a model system when describing the principles, data acquisition requirements, data interpretation strategies, and limitations of the described techniques. We hope this standardized description will bring the approaches for measuring nanoscale axial dynamics closer to the potential users and help in choosing the right approach to the right question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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4
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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Kumar A, Aggarwal D, Anand U, Parashar NC, Saini AK, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K, Kumar M, Singh T, Kaur J, Sak K. Anticancer potential of oroxylin A: from mechanistic insight to synergistic perspectives. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:191-212. [PMID: 36214865 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylin A (OA), a well-known constituent of the root of Scutellariae plants, has been used in ethnomedicine already for centuries in treating various neoplastic disorders. However, only recent molecular studies have revealed the different mechanisms behind its action, demonstrating antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and proapoptotic effects, restricting also the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. A variety of cellular targets and modulated signal transduction pathways regulated by OA have been determined in diverse cells derived from different malignant tissues. In this review article, these anticancer activities are thoroughly described, representing OA as a potential lead structure for the design of novel more potent anticancer medicines. In addition, co-effects of this natural compound with conventional anticancer agents are analyzed and the advantages provided by nanotechnological methods for more efficient application of OA are discussed. In this way, OA might represent an excellent example of using ethnopharmacological knowledge for designing modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar , 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala 134007, Haryana, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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5
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Yu K, Zhao X, Xiang Y, Li C. Phenotypic and functional characterization of two coelomocyte subsets in Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108453. [PMID: 36471560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The hemocytes of invertebrates are composed of different cell subsets with different morphologies and structures. Different cell subsets have different immune functions, which play an important role in innate immune response against pathogens. However, the understanding of the classification of Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes and the molecular basis of immune function of different cell subsets is very limited. In this study, two coelomocyte subpopulations of A. japonicus were isolated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. They were identified from their morphological and structural characteristics, namely, spherical cells with a size of 10-12 μm spherical in shape and a large number of small granules inside; lymphocyte-like cells with a size of 4-5 μm spherical or oval in shape, and 1-3 filopodia. Functionally, the phagocytic capacity and lysosomal activity in spherical cells were significantly greater than those in lymphocyte-like cells. The results suggest that spherical cells may play a more critical role in the immune responses. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to further clarify the functional differences between the two cell subsets. The data indicated significantly different gene expression patterns in them. Spherical cells tend to participate in immune defense, whereas lymphocyte-like cells tend to participate in energy metabolism. In addition, lymphocyte-like cells may convert oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis by changing the manner of energy metabolism to quickly adapt to the energy demand of external stimuli. Spherical cells may respond to LPS stimulation through phagocytosis, and their response time is slower than that of lymphocyte-like cells. The expression of genes involved in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and lysosomal and humoral immunity in spherical cells was significantly higher than that in lymphocyte-like cells. These data provide valuable information for understanding the molecular basis of cellular and humoral immunity in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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6
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Le TNU, Nguyen TQ, Kalailingam P, Nguyen YTK, Sukumar VK, Tan CKH, Tukijan F, Couty L, Hasan Z, Del Gaudio I, Wenk MR, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Camerer E, Nguyen LN. Mfsd2b and Spns2 are essential for maintenance of blood vessels during development and in anaphylactic shock. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111208. [PMID: 35977478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid mediator that is secreted by several cell types. We recently showed that Mfsd2b is an S1P transporter from hematopoietic cells that contributes approximately 50% plasma S1P. Here we report the characterization of compound deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2, another S1P transporter active primarily in endothelial cells. Global deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2 (global double knockout [gDKO]) results in embryonic lethality beyond embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), with severe hemorrhage accompanied by defects of tight junction proteins, indicating that Mfsd2b and Spns2 provide S1P for signaling, which is essential for blood vessel integrity. Compound postnatal deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2 using Mx1Cre (ctDKO-Mx1Cre) results in maximal 80% reduction of plasma S1P. ctDKO-Mx1Cre mice exhibit severe susceptibility to anaphylaxis, indicating that S1P from Mfsd2b and Spns2 is indispensable for vascular homeostasis. Our results show that S1P export from Mfsd2b and Spns2 is essential for developing and mature vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nha Uyen Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Toan Q Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yen Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Viresh Krishnan Sukumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Kai Hui Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Farhana Tukijan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Ludovic Couty
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM U970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zafrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Ilaria Del Gaudio
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM U970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Eric Camerer
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM U970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Cardiovascular Disease Research (CVD) Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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7
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Nawara TJ, Williams YD, Rao TC, Hu Y, Sztul E, Salaita K, Mattheyses AL. Imaging vesicle formation dynamics supports the flexible model of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1732. [PMID: 35365614 PMCID: PMC8976038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin polymerization and changes in plasma membrane architecture are necessary steps in forming vesicles to internalize cargo during clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Simultaneous analysis of clathrin dynamics and membrane structure is challenging due to the limited axial resolution of fluorescence microscopes and the heterogeneity of CME. This has fueled conflicting models of vesicle assembly and obscured the roles of flat clathrin assemblies. Here, using Simultaneous Two-wavelength Axial Ratiometry (STAR) microscopy, we bridge this critical knowledge gap by quantifying the nanoscale dynamics of clathrin-coat shape change during vesicle assembly. We find that de novo clathrin accumulations generate both flat and curved structures. High-throughput analysis reveals that the initiation of vesicle curvature does not directly correlate with clathrin accumulation. We show clathrin accumulation is preferentially simultaneous with curvature formation at shorter-lived clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), but favors a flat-to-curved transition at longer-lived CCVs. The broad spectrum of curvature initiation dynamics revealed by STAR microscopy supports multiple productive mechanisms of vesicle formation and advocates for the flexible model of CME. Despite decades of research, the dynamics of clathrin-coated vesicle formation is ambiguous. Here, authors use STAR microscopy to quantify the nanoscale dynamics of vesicle formation, supporting the flexible model of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yancey D Williams
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Kobayashi M, Wakabayashi I, Suzuki Y, Fujiwara K, Nakayama M, Watabe T, Sato Y. Tubulin carboxypeptidase activity of vasohibin-1 inhibits angiogenesis by interfering with endocytosis and trafficking of pro-angiogenic factor receptors. Angiogenesis 2020; 24:159-176. [PMID: 33052495 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Receptor endocytosis is crucial for integrating extracellular stimuli of pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), into the cell via signal transduction. VEGF not only triggers various angiogenic events including endothelial cell (EC) migration, but also induces the expression of negative regulators of angiogenesis, including vasohibin-1 (VASH1). While we have previously reported that VASH1 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, its mode of action on EC behavior remains elusive. Recently VASH1 was shown to have tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) activity, mediating the post-translational modification of microtubules (MTs) by detyrosination of α-tubulin within cells. However, the role of VASH1 TCP activity in angiogenesis has not yet been clarified. Here, we showed that VASH1 detyrosinated α-tubulin in ECs and suppressed in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. In cultured ECs, VASH1 impaired endocytosis and trafficking of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which resulted in the decreased signal transduction and EC migration. These effects of VASH1 could be restored by tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) in ECs, suggesting that detyrosination of α-tubulin negatively regulates angiogenesis. Furthermore, we found that detyrosinated tubulin-rich MTs were not adequate as trafficking rails for VEGFR2 endocytosis. Consistent with these results, inhibition of TCP activity of VASH1 led to the inhibition of VASH1-mediated suppression of VEGF-induced signals, EC migration, and in vivo angiogenesis. Our results indicate a novel mechanism of VASH1-mediated inhibition of pro-angiogenic factor receptor trafficking via modification of MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Wakabayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kashio Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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9
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Sun M, Li S, Zhang X, Xiang J, Li F. Isolation and transcriptome analysis of three subpopulations of shrimp hemocytes reveals the underlying mechanism of their immune functions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103689. [PMID: 32224106 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytes in shrimp play important roles in innate immune responses against pathogens. Although three types of hemocytes including hyalinocytes, semi-granulocytes and granulocytes were identified based on their morphological characters in penaeid shrimp, knowledge about the molecular basis of their functions in the immunity is still very limited. In the present study, three subpopulations of hemocytes were firstly separated by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and their transcriptomes were analyzed. The data showed that significantly differential gene expression patterns existed in different types of hemocytes. The genes encoding phagocytic receptors, lectins and actin cytoskeleton involved in phagocytosis were highly expressed in hyalinocytes, while genes involved in the humoral immunity signaling pathways were highly expressed in semi-granulocytes, and genes encoding prophenoloxidase (proPO)-activating enzyme and serine proteases involved in proPO system activation were highly expressed in granulocytes. Further flow cytometry analysis indicated that hyalinocytes were the main hemocytes subpopulation responsible for ingesting foreign fluorescent beads, and this ingestion process mainly depends on the endocytic way of macropinocytosis. These data provide valuable information for understanding the molecular basis of distinct shrimp hemocytes subpopulations of shrimp in cellular and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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10
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Kong L, Xiao F, Wang L, Li M, Wang D, Feng Z, Huang L, Wei Y, Li H, Liu F, Kang Y, Liao X, Zhang W. Intermedin promotes vessel fusion by inducing VE-cadherin accumulation at potential fusion sites and to achieve a dynamic balance between VE-cadherin-complex dissociation/reconstitution. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:84-102. [PMID: 34766111 PMCID: PMC8489673 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To create a closed vascular system, angiogenic sprouts must meet and connect in a process called vessel fusion, which is a prerequisite for establishment of proper blood flow in nascent vessels. However, the molecular machinery underlying this process remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that intermedin (IMD), a calcitonin family member, promotes vessel fusion by inducing endothelial cells (ECs) to enter a "ready-to-anchor" state. IMD promotes vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) accumulation at the potential fusion site to facilitate anchoring of approaching vessels to each other. Simultaneously, IMD fine-tunes VEC activity to achieve a dynamic balance between VEC complex dissociation and reconstitution in order to widen the anastomotic point. IMD induces persistent VEC phosphorylation. Internalized phospho-VEC preferentially binds to Rab4 and Rab11, which facilitate VEC vesicle recycling back to the cell-cell contact for reconstruction of the VEC complex. This novel mechanism may explain how neovessels contact and fuse to adjacent vessels to create a closed vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Liver Transplantation Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Chengdu China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
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11
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Jing Z, Jia-Jun W, Wei-Jie Y. Phosphorylation of Dab2 is involved in inhibited VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling induced by downregulation of syndecan-1 in glomerular endothelial cell. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:894-904. [PMID: 31868265 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2) and PAR-3 (partitioning defective 3) are reported to play critical roles in maintaining retinal microvascular endothelial cells biology by regulating VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling. The role of Dab2 and PAR-3 in glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) is unclear. In this study, we found that, no matter whether with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment or not, decreased expression of Dab2 could lead to cell apoptosis by preventing activation of VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling in GEnC, accompanied by reduced membrane VEGFR-2 expression. And silencing of PAR-3 gene expression caused increased apoptosis of GEnC by inhibiting activation of VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling and membrane VEGFR-2 expression. In our previous research, we found that the silencing of syndecan-1 gene expression inhibited VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling by modulating internalization of VEGFR-2. And our further research demonstrated that downregulation of syndecan-1 lead to no significant change in the expression of Dab2 and PAR-3 both at messenger RNA and protein levels in GEnC, while phosphorylation of Dab2 was significantly increased in GEnC transfected with Dab2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) compared with control siRNA. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) could induce phosphorylation of Dab2, thus negatively regulating VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling. And we found that decreased expression of syndecan-1 lead to activation of aPKC, and aPKC inhibitor treatment could block phosphorylation of Dab2 in GEnC. Besides, aPKC inhibitor treatment could activate VEGF-VGEFR-2 signaling in GEnC transfected with syndecan-1 siRNA in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we speculated that phosphorylation of Dab2 is involved in preventing activation of VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling in GEnC transfected with syndecan-1 siRNA. This provides a new target for the therapy of GEnC injury and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Jia-Jun
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei-Jie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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12
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Gong B, Li Z, Xiao W, Li G, Ding S, Meng A, Jia S. Sec14l3 potentiates VEGFR2 signaling to regulate zebrafish vasculogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1606. [PMID: 30962435 PMCID: PMC6453981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates vasculogenesis by using its tyrosine kinase receptors. However, little is known about whether Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PTP) are involved in this process. Here, we show that zebrafish sec14l3, one of the family members, specifically participates in artery and vein formation via regulating angioblasts and subsequent venous progenitors’ migration during vasculogenesis. Vascular defects caused by sec14l3 depletion are partially rescued by restoration of VEGFR2 signaling at the receptor or downstream effector level. Biochemical analyses show that Sec14l3/SEC14L2 physically bind to VEGFR2 and prevent it from dephosphorylation specifically at the Y1175 site by peri-membrane tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, therefore potentiating VEGFR2 signaling activation. Meanwhile, Sec14l3 and SEC14L2 interact with RAB5A/4A and facilitate the formation of their GTP-bound states, which might be critical for VEGFR2 endocytic trafficking. Thus, we conclude that Sec14l3 controls vasculogenesis in zebrafish via the regulation of VEGFR2 activation. The growth factor VEGF is known to regulate vasculogenesis but the downstream pathways activated are unclear. Here, the authors report that Sec14l3, a member of the PITP (phosphatidyl inositol transfer proteins) family regulates the formation of zebrafish vasculature by promoting VEGFR2 endocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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13
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Heldin J, Sander MR, Leino M, Thomsson S, Lennartsson J, Söderberg O. Dynamin inhibitors impair platelet-derived growth factor β-receptor dimerization and signaling. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:69-79. [PMID: 30970237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of plasma membrane composition and dynamics in the activation process of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is still poorly understood. In this study we have investigated how signaling via the RTK, platelet-derived growth factor β-receptor (PDGFR-β) is affected by Dynasore or Dyngo-4a, which are commonly used dynamin inhibitors. PDGFR-β preferentially internalizes via clathrin-coated pits and in this pathway, Dynamin II has a major role in the formation and release of vesicles from the plasma membrane by performing the membrane scission. We have found that dynamin inhibitors impedes the activation of PDGFR-β by impairing ligand-induced dimerization of the receptor monomers, which leads to a subsequent lack of phosphorylation and activation both of receptors and downstream effectors, such as ERK1/2 and AKT. In contrast, dynamin inhibitors did not affect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dimerization and phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that there is a link between plasma membrane dynamics and PDGFR-β activation, and that this link is not shared with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Heldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marie Rubin Sander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Leino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Thomsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lennartsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Characterization of multi-cellular dynamics of angiogenesis and vascular remodelling by intravital imaging of the wounded mouse cornea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10672. [PMID: 30006556 PMCID: PMC6045577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of the functional blood vasculature involves extensive cellular rearrangement controlled by growth factors, chemokines and flow-mediated shear forces. To record these highly dynamic processes in mammalians has been technically demanding. Here we apply confocal and wide field time-lapse in vivo microscopy to characterize the remodelling vasculature of the wounded mouse cornea. Using mouse lines with constitutive or inducible endogenous fluorescent reporters, in combination with tracer injections and mosaic genetic recombination, we follow processes of sprouting angiogenesis, sprout fusion, vessel expansion and pruning in vivo, at subcellular resolution. We describe the migratory behaviour of endothelial cells of perfused vessels, in relation to blood flow directionality and vessel identity. Live-imaging following intravascular injection of fluorescent tracers, allowed for recording of VEGFA-induced permeability. Altogether, live-imaging of the remodelling vasculature of inflamed corneas of mice carrying endogenous fluorescent reporters and conditional alleles, constitutes a powerful platform for investigation of cellular behaviour and vessel function.
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15
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Alidzanovic L, Starlinger P, Schauer D, Maier T, Feldman A, Buchberger E, Stift J, Koeck U, Pop L, Gruenberger B, Gruenberger T, Brostjan C. The VEGF rise in blood of bevacizumab patients is not based on tumor escape but a host-blockade of VEGF clearance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57197-57212. [PMID: 27527865 PMCID: PMC5302983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become a major target in cancer treatment as it promotes tumor angiogenesis. Therapy with anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab reportedly induces high levels of circulating VEGF which may potentially contribute to resistance. Based on animal or computational models, mechanisms of VEGF induction by bevacizumab have been proposed but not verified in the clinical setting. Hence, we evaluated sixty patients with colorectal cancer metastases for changes in plasma VEGF during neoadjuvant/conversion and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. VEGF expression was assessed in tissue sections of liver metastases. The VEGF source was investigated with in vitro cultures of tumor, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and platelets, and potential protein stabilization due to anti-VEGF therapy was addressed. A VEGF rise was observed in blood of bevacizumab patients but not in chemotherapy controls, and VEGF was found to be largely complexed by the antibody. A comparable VEGF increase occurred in the presence (neoadjuvant) and absence of the tumor (adjuvant). Accordingly, VEGF expression in tumor tissue was not determined by bevacizumab treatment. Investigations with isolated cell types did not reveal VEGF production in response to bevacizumab. However, antibody addition to endothelial cultures led to a dose-dependent blockade of VEGF internalization and hence stabilized VEGF in the supernatant. In conclusion, the VEGF rise in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab is not originating from the tumor. The accumulation of primarily host-derived VEGF in circulation can be explained by antibody interference with receptor-mediated endocytosis and protein degradation. Thus, the VEGF increase in response to bevacizumab therapy should not be regarded as a tumor escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Alidzanovic
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominic Schauer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Maier
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Feldman
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Buchberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Koeck
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorand Pop
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Gruenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of The Merciful Brothers, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Current address: Department of Surgery I, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Zhao K, Li X, Lin B, Yang D, Zhou Y, Li Z, Guo Q, Lu N. Oroxyloside inhibits angiogenesis through suppressing internalization of VEGFR2/Flk-1 in endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3454-3464. [PMID: 28926106 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing flavonoids have been reported to possess anti-angiogenic effects. Inhibition of angiogenesis plays a critical role in the treatment of cancer, especially in advanced metastatic cancer. In this study, we assessed the effect of Oroxylin A-7-glucuronide (Oroxyloside), a main metabolite of Oroxylin A, on angiogenesis in human endothelial cell-like EA.hy926 cells. Oroxyloside suppressed the migration and tube formation of EA.hy926 cells. Meanwhile, microvessels sprouting from aortic rings and new blood vessels on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were also inhibited. Mechanism studies showed that Oroxyloside reduced the autophosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/Flk-1) while it up-regulated the expression of R-Ras and VE-cadherin. In consequence, Oroxyloside inhibited the downstream Akt/MAPK/NF-κB pathways and then decreased the nuclear translocation and DNA binding ability of NF-κB. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that Oroxyloside exhibited a potential anti-angiogenic effect in Matrigel plug assay and inhibited growth of xenografted tumors with low systemic toxicity, which could be ascribed to the inhibition of VEGFR2 internalization. Taken together, these results suggested that Oroxyloside could inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo via suppressing the internalization of VEGFR2 and might serve as a potential antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Binyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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17
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EphrinB2/EphB4 pathway in postnatal angiogenesis: a potential therapeutic target for ischemic cardiovascular disease. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:297-309. [PMID: 27216867 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Proangiogenic therapy appears to be a promising and feasible strategy for the patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease, but the results of preclinical and clinical trials are limited due to the complicated mechanisms of angiogenesis. Facilitating the formation of functional vessels is important in rescuing the ischemic cardiomyocytes. EphrinB2/EphB4, a novel pathway in angiogenesis, plays a critical role in both microvascular growth and neovascular maturation. Hence, investigating the mechanisms of EphrinB2/EphB4 pathway in angiogenesis may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for ischemic cardiovascular disease. Previous reviews mainly focused on the role of EphrinB2/EphB4 pathway in embryo vascular development, but their role in postnatal angiogenesis in ischemic heart disease has not been fully illustrated. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of EphrinB2/EphB4 in angiogenesis and their interaction with other angiogenic pathways in ischemic cardiovascular disease.
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18
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Fearnley GW, Smith GA, Abdul-Zani I, Yuldasheva N, Mughal NA, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Kearney MT, Zachary IC, Tomlinson DC, Harrison MA, Wheatcroft SB, Ponnambalam S. VEGF-A isoforms program differential VEGFR2 signal transduction, trafficking and proteolysis. Biol Open 2016; 5:571-83. [PMID: 27044325 PMCID: PMC4874356 DOI: 10.1242/bio.017434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) binding to the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR2 triggers multiple signal transduction pathways, which regulate endothelial cell responses that control vascular development. Multiple isoforms of VEGF-A can elicit differential signal transduction and endothelial responses. However, it is unclear how such cellular responses are controlled by isoform-specific VEGF-A-VEGFR2 complexes. Increasingly, there is the realization that the membrane trafficking of receptor-ligand complexes influences signal transduction and protein turnover. By building on these concepts, our study shows for the first time that three different VEGF-A isoforms (VEGF-A165, VEGF-A121 and VEGF-A145) promote distinct patterns of VEGFR2 endocytosis for delivery into early endosomes. This differential VEGFR2 endocytosis and trafficking is linked to VEGF-A isoform-specific signal transduction events. Disruption of clathrin-dependent endocytosis blocked VEGF-A isoform-specific VEGFR2 activation, signal transduction and caused substantial depletion in membrane-bound VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 levels. Furthermore, such VEGF-A isoforms promoted differential patterns of VEGFR2 ubiquitylation, proteolysis and terminal degradation. Our study now provides novel insights into how different VEGF-A isoforms can bind the same receptor tyrosine kinase and elicit diverse cellular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izma Abdul-Zani
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nadira Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular Metabolism and Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nadeem A Mughal
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular Metabolism and Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian C Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Biomedical Health Research Centre, Astbury Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular Metabolism and Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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19
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Ranibizumab interacts with the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway in human RPE cells at different levels. Cytokine 2016; 83:210-216. [PMID: 27163716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in ocular homeostasis, but also in diseases, most notably age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To date, anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab have been shown to be most effective in treating these pathologic conditions. However, clinical trials suggest that the RPE could degenerate and perish through anti-VEGF treatment. Herein, we evaluated possible pathways and outcomes of the interaction between ranibizumab and human RPE cells (ARPE-19). Results indicate that ranibizumab affects the VEGF-A metabolism in RPE cells from an extra- as well as intracellular site. The drug is taken up into the cells, with the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) being involved, and decreases VEGF-A protein levels within the cells as well as extracellularly. Oxidative stress plays a key role in various inflammatory disorders of the eye. Our results suggest that oxidative stress inhibits RPE cell proliferation. This anti-proliferative effect on RPE cells is significantly enhanced through ranibizumab, which does not inhibit RPE cell proliferation substantially in absence of relevant oxidative stress. Therefore, we emphasize that anti-VEGF treatment should be selected carefully in AMD patients with preexistent extensive RPE atrophy.
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20
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Oliveira SM, Pirraco RP, Marques AP, Santo VE, Gomes ME, Reis RL, Mano JF. Platelet lysate-based pro-angiogenic nanocoatings. Acta Biomater 2016; 32:129-137. [PMID: 26708711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (PL) is a cost-effective and human source of autologous multiple and potent pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A), fibroblast growth factor b (FGF b) and angiopoietin-1. Nanocoatings previously characterized were prepared by layer-by-layer assembling incorporating PL with marine-origin polysaccharides and were shown to activate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Within 20 h of incubation, the more sulfated coatings induced the HUVECS to the form tube-like structures accompanied by an increased expression of angiogenic-associated genes, such as angiopoietin-1 and VEGF A. This may be a cost-effective approach to modify 2D/3D constructs to instruct angiogenic cells towards the formation of neo-vascularization, driven by multiple and synergistic stimulations from the PL combined with sulfated polysaccharides. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The presence, or fast induction, of a stable and mature vasculature inside 3D constructs is crucial for new tissue formation and its viability. This has been one of the major tissue engineering challenges, limiting the dimensions of efficient tissue constructs. Many approaches based on cells, growth factors, 3D bioprinting and channel incorporation have been proposed. Herein, we explored a versatile technique, layer-by-layer assembling in combination with platelet lysate (PL), that is a cost-effective source of many potent pro-angiogenic proteins and growth factors. Results suggest that the combination of PL with sulfated polyelectrolytes might be used to introduce interfaces onto 2D/3D constructs with potential to induce the formation of cell-based tubular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Vítor E Santo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradable and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco - Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
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21
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Sack KD, Teran M, Nugent MA. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Controls VEGF Signaling and Processing in Endothelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2026-39. [PMID: 26773314 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) drives endothelial cell maintenance and angiogenesis. Endothelial cell behavior is altered by the stiffness of the substrate the cells are attached to suggesting that VEGF activity might be influenced by the mechanical cellular environment. We hypothesized that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness modifies VEGF-cell-matrix tethering leading to altered VEGF processing and signaling. We analyzed VEGF binding, internalization, and signaling as a function of substrate stiffness in endothelial cells cultured on fibronectin (Fn) linked polyacrylamide gels. Cell produced extracellular matrices on the softest substrates were least capable of binding VEGF, but the cells exhibited enhanced VEGF internalization and signaling compared to cells on all other substrates. Inhibiting VEGF-matrix binding with sucrose octasulfate decreased cell-internalization of VEGF and, inversely, heparin pre-treatment to enhance Fn-matrix binding of VEGF increased cell-internalization of VEGF regardless of matrix stiffness. β1 integrins, which connect cells to Fn, modulated VEGF uptake in a stiffness dependent fashion. Cells on hard surfaces showed decreased levels of activated β1 and inhibition of β1 integrin resulted in a greater proportional decrease in VEGF internalization than in cells on softer matrices. Extracellular matrix binding is necessary for VEGF internalization. Stiffness modifies the coordinated actions of VEGF-matrix binding and β1 integrin binding/activation, which together are critical for VEGF internalization. This study provides insight into how the microenvironment may influence tissue regeneration and response to injury and disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2026-2039, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D Sack
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madelane Teran
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A Nugent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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22
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Maghsoudlou A, Meyer RD, Rezazadeh K, Arafa E, Pudney J, Hartsough E, Rahimi N. RNF121 Inhibits Angiogenic Growth Factor Signaling by Restricting Cell Surface Expression of VEGFR-2. Traffic 2015; 17:289-300. [PMID: 26602861 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ligand stimulation promotes downregulation of RTKs, a mechanism by which RTKs, through the ubiquitination pathway are removed from the cell surface, causing a temporary termination of RTK signaling. The molecular mechanisms governing RTK trafficking and maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi compartments are poorly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is a prototypic RTK that plays a critical role in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate that Ring Finger Protein 121 (RNF121), an ER ubiquitin E3 ligase, is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates maturation of VEGFR-2. RNF121 recognizes newly synthesized VEGFR-2 in the ER and controls its trafficking and maturation. Over-expression of RNF121 promoted ubiquitination of VEGFR-2, inhibited its maturation and resulted a significantly reduced VEGFR-2 presence at the cell surface. Conversely, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of RNF121 in primary endothelial cells reduced VEGFR-2 ubiquitination and increased its cell surface level. The RING Finger domain of RNF121 is required for its activity toward VEGFR-2, as its deletion significantly reduced the effect of RNF121 on VEGFR-2. Additionally, RNF121 inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Taken together, these data identify RNF121 as a key determinant of angiogenic signaling that restricts VEGFR-2 cell surface presence and its angiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Maghsoudlou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rosana D Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kobra Rezazadeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Emad Arafa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pudney
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Edward Hartsough
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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23
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Park J, Kim JY, Hwang SR, Mahmud F, Byun Y. Chemical Conjugate of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Suramin Fragment Inhibits Tumor Growth Possibly by Blocking VEGF165. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3935-42. [PMID: 26448404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and its derivatives have been reported to possess antiangiogenic effect via electrostatic interaction with various angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF165. However, clinical applications of LMWH for anticancer therapy have been restricted due to its anticoagulant effect and insufficient therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these limitations and enhance the antiangiogenic efficacy, LMWH was conjugated with suramin fragments that have a binding affinity to the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of proteins. The conjugation of suramin fragments to LMWH enhanced the antiangiogenic effect of LMWH by increasing the binding affinity to VEGF165, while decreasing its anticoagulant activity. The chemical conjugate of LMWH and suramin fragments (LHsura) showed a substantial inhibitory effect on VEGF165-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs without significant cytotoxicity in vitro. Finally, we confirmed the anticancer effect of LHsura (61.4% vs control) in a SCC7-bearing mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Ji-young Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Foyez Mahmud
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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24
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Zhao J, Geng YU, Hua H, Cun B, Chen Q, Xi X, Yang L, Li Y. Fenofibrate inhibits the expression of VEGFC and VEGFR-3 in retinal pigmental epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1404-1412. [PMID: 26622498 PMCID: PMC4578108 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms through which fenofibrate inhibits the ability of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) exposed to hypoxia to stimulate the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). For this purpose, RPE cells and HUVECs were divided into the following groups: RPE-normoxia, RPE + fenofibrate, RPE-hypoxia, RPE hypoxia + fenofibrate; HUVECs normal culture and HUVECs + RPE-hypoxia culture supernatant. RPE cell hypoxia was induced by cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2). A superoxide anion probe was used to measure the production of superoxide anion, which is indicative of hypoxic conditions. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in the RPE cell culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The migration ability of the HUVECs was determined by scratch-wound assay, and the angiogenic ability of the HUVECs was examined by measuring cell lumen formation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGFC and VEGFR-3 in the RPE cells were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Our results revealed that fenofibrate inhibited the increase in the expression and release of VEGFC and VEGFR-3 into the RPE cell culture supernatant induced by exposure to hypoxia. The culture of HUVECs in medium supernatant of RPE cells epxosed to hypoxia enhanced the viability and migration ability of the HUVECs and promoted lumen formation; these effects were inhibited by fenofibrate. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the exposure of RPE cells to hypoxia induced the expression and release of VEGFC and VEGFR-3 into the cell culture supernatant. The culture of HUVECs in conditioned medium from RPE cells exposed to hypoxia increased VEGFC and VEGFR-3 expression, and promoted the proliferation and migration of the HUVECs, as well as capillary tube formation, suggesting that RPE cells play an important role in the formation of choroidal neovascularization resulting from hypoxia. Fenofibrate inhibited the upregulation of VEGFC and VEGFR-3 in the RPE cells exposed to hypoxia, and thus reduced the ability of HUVECs to form new blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Y U Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Biyun Cun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Liushu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
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25
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Park J, Jeong JH, Al-Hilal TA, Kim JY, Byun Y. Size Controlled Heparin Fragment–Deoxycholic Acid Conjugate Showed Anticancer Property by Inhibiting VEGF165. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:932-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Taslim A. Al-Hilal
- Center
for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
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26
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Quantitative assessment of angiogenesis, perfused blood vessels and endothelial tip cells in the postnatal mouse brain. Nat Protoc 2014; 10:53-74. [PMID: 25502884 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During development and in various diseases of the CNS, new blood vessel formation starts with endothelial tip cell selection and vascular sprout migration, followed by the establishment of functional, perfused blood vessels. Here we describe a method that allows the assessment of these distinct angiogenic steps together with antibody-based protein detection in the postnatal mouse brain. Intravascular and perivascular markers such as Evans blue (EB), isolectin B4 (IB4) or laminin (LN) are used alongside simultaneous immunofluorescence on the same sections. By using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and stereological methods for analysis, detailed quantification of the 3D postnatal brain vasculature for perfused and nonperfused vessels (e.g., vascular volume fraction, vessel length and number, number of branch points and perfusion status of the newly formed vessels) and characterization of sprouting activity (e.g., endothelial tip cell density, filopodia number) can be obtained. The entire protocol, from mouse perfusion to vessel analysis, takes ∼10 d.
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27
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Crebanine, an aporphine alkaloid, sensitizes TNF-α-induced apoptosis and suppressed invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 by blocking NF-κB-regulated gene products. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8615-24. [PMID: 24867094 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crebanine is an alkaloid known to exhibit anticancer, but its mechanism is not well understood. Besides, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor has been correlated with inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of crebanine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activation and the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products. We found that crebanine reduced the cell proliferation of lung, ovarian, and breast cancer cells. Crebanine also potentiated TNF-α-induced apoptosis which correlated with the suppression of the gene products linked to cell survival, B cell lymphoma-extra large, and proliferation, cyclin D1. In addition, crebanine affected TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, indicating that the apoptotic effects of TNF-α were enhanced by crebanine. Moreover, crebanine reduced TNF-α-induced A549 cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, crebanine suppressed the TNF-α-mediated expression of proteins that involved cancer cell invasion (matrix metalloproteinase 9 urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and angiogenesis (COX-2 and VEGF), all of which are known to be regulated by NF-κB. We also demonstrated that TNF-α induced NF-κB DNA-binding activity, which was inhibited by crebanine. Moreover, crebanine suppressed the TNF-α-induced degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBa), which led to reduced NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Taken together, our results demonstrated that crebanine reduced TNF-α-induced cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and survival by suppressing NF-κB activity and expression profile of its downstream genes.
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28
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Yaqoob U, Jagavelu K, Shergill U, de Assuncao T, Cao S, Shah VH. FGF21 promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis through a dynamin-2 and Rab5 dependent pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98130. [PMID: 24848261 PMCID: PMC4029959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of angiogenic molecules with cognate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is required for angiogenesis however the precise link between RTK binding, endocytosis, and signaling requires further investigation. Here, we use FGFR1 as a model to test the effects of the large GTPase and endocytosis regulatory molecule dynamin-2 on angiogenic signaling in context of distinct FGF ligands. In vitro, overexpression of dominant negative dynamin-2 (DynK44A) attenuates FGFR1 activation of Erk and tubulogenesis by FGF2. Furthermore, we identify FGF21, a non-classical, FGF ligand implicated in diverse human pathologies as an angiogenic molecule acting through FGFR1 and β-Klotho coreceptor. Disruption of FGFR1 activation of ERK by FGF21 is achieved by perturbation of the function of both dynamin-2 and Rab5 GTPase. In vivo, mice harboring endothelial selective overexpression of DynK44A, show impaired angiogenesis in response to FGF21. In conclusion, dynamin dependent endocytosis of FGFR1 is required for in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis in response to FGF2 and the non-classical FGF ligand, FGF21. These studies extend our understanding of the relationships between RTK binding, internalization, endosomal targeting, and angiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Yaqoob
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Uday Shergill
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thiago de Assuncao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sheng Cao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (VHS)
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (VHS)
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