1
|
Kalailingam P, Mohd‐Kahliab K, Ngan SC, Iyappan R, Melekh E, Lu T, Zien GW, Sharma B, Guo T, MacNeil AJ, MacPherson REK, Tsiani EL, O'Leary DD, Lim KL, Su IH, Gao Y, Richards AM, Kalaria RN, Chen CP, McCarthy NE, Sze SK. Immunotherapy targeting isoDGR-protein damage extends lifespan in a mouse model of protein deamidation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18526. [PMID: 37971164 PMCID: PMC10701600 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the accumulation of molecular damage that impairs normal biochemical processes. We previously reported that age-linked damage to amino acid sequence NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) results in "gain-of-function" conformational switching to isoDGR (isoAsp-Gly-Arg). This integrin-binding motif activates leukocytes and promotes chronic inflammation, which are characteristic features of age-linked cardiovascular disorders. We now report that anti-isoDGR immunotherapy mitigates lifespan reduction of Pcmt1-/- mouse. We observed extensive accumulation of isoDGR and inflammatory cytokine expression in multiple tissues from Pcmt1-/- and naturally aged WT animals, which could also be induced via injection of isoDGR-modified plasma proteins or synthetic peptides into young WT animals. However, weekly injection of anti-isoDGR mAb (1 mg/kg) was sufficient to significantly reduce isoDGR-protein levels in body tissues, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in blood plasma, improved cognition/coordination metrics, and extended the average lifespan of Pcmt1-/- mice. Mechanistically, isoDGR-mAb mediated immune clearance of damaged isoDGR-proteins via antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). These results indicate that immunotherapy targeting age-linked protein damage may represent an effective intervention strategy in a range of human degenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - SoFong Cam Ngan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Ranjith Iyappan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Evelin Melekh
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Tian Lu
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Gan Wei Zien
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Bhargy Sharma
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Tiannan Guo
- iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Rebecca EK MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Evangelia Litsa Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Deborah D O'Leary
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - I Hsin Su
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Yong‐Gui Gao
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Department of CardiologyNational University Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Memory, Aging and Cognition CentreNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Neil E McCarthy
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalailingam P, Verma A, Lee YH, Thanabalu T. Conditional Knockout of N-WASP Enhanced the Formation of Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induced by KRas G12D. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4455. [PMID: 37760426 PMCID: PMC10526518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common forms of skin cancer in humans, and Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) plays a crucial role in epidermal homeostasis. To elucidate the role of N-WASP in skin cancer, we generated mice which expressed constitutively active KRas (KRasG12D) in keratinocytes with either homozygous (N-WASPKOG12D) or heterozygous (N-WASPHetG12D) N-WASP knockout upon Tamoxifen (TAM) injection. Both the N-WASPKOG12D and N-WASPHetG12D mice had similar body weights and no congenital malformations prior to the injection of TAM. Within 2 weeks of the injections, the N-WASPKOG12D mice exhibited significant reductions in weight coupled with visible tumors at numerous sites, unlike the N-WASPHetG12D mice, which had no visible tumors. We found that both sets of mice had oily, sticky skin and wet eyes 3 weeks after their exposure to TAM, indicating the overproduction of sebum/meibum. At 37 days post TAM injection, several notable observations were made. Tumors collected from the N-WASPKOG12D mice had small- to large-sized keratin pearls that were not observed in the N-WASPHetG12D mice. A Western blot and immunostaining analysis both highlighted significantly higher levels of expression of SCC markers, such as the cytokeratins 8, 17, 18, and 19 and TP63, in the tumors of the N-WASPKOG12D mice compared to those of the latter group. Furthermore, we noted increases in the expression levels of EGFR, P-ERK, GLUT1, P-mTOR, and P-4EBP in the N-WASPKOG12D mice, suggesting that the deletion of N-WASP in the keratinocytes enhanced KRas signaling and glucose uptake, resulting in aggressive tumor formation. Interestingly, a thickening of the epidermal layer within the esophagus and tongue was only observed in the N-WASPKOG12D mice. Immunostaining for PCNA emphasized a significantly higher number of PCNA-positive cells in the skin of the N-WASPKOG12D mice compared to their counterparts, implying that epidermal thickening and enhanced tumorigenesis are due to an increased proliferation of keratinocytes. Through our results, we have established that N-WASP plays a tumor-suppressive role in skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (P.K.); (A.V.); (Y.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hui LY, Kalailingam P, Delcour JA, Fogliano V, Thanabalu T. Olive-Derived Antioxidant Dietary Fiber Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis Like Inflammation in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200127. [PMID: 36929605 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Epidemiological data suggest that altered gut microbiota contributes to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). The effect of an olive-derived antioxidant dietary fiber (OADF) in relieving AD symptoms in a murine model of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD was examined and the effect of OADF in modulating host gut microbiota was explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed with either standard diet or standard diet + OADF for 3 weeks prior to induction of AD and maintained on the same diet throughout the DNFB application period. Dietary OADF caused significant improvement of AD-like symptoms with reduced serum levels of IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1 and increased serum levels of IL-10. OADF supplementation restored gut microbiota composition that were altered in AD mice. Specifically, OADF increased the proportion of intestinal bacteria (Ruminococcaceae UCG014, GCA900066575, UBA1819) associated with enhanced butyrate production, along with inhibiting Clostridiales vadinBB60 which were more prevalent in AD mice. CONCLUSION OADF modulates gut microbiota composition, improves cytokine profile and butyrate production influencing AD-associated immune response. Results highlight the importance of the gut-skin axis for the AD dietary therapeutic agents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ying Hui
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore.,Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, NL-6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, NL-6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Le TNU, Nguyen TQ, Kalailingam P, Nguyen YTK, Sukumar VK, Tan CKH, Tukijan F, Couty L, Hasan Z, Del Gaudio I, Wenk MR, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Camerer E, Nguyen LN. Mfsd2b and Spns2 are essential for maintenance of blood vessels during development and in anaphylactic shock. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111208. [PMID: 35977478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid mediator that is secreted by several cell types. We recently showed that Mfsd2b is an S1P transporter from hematopoietic cells that contributes approximately 50% plasma S1P. Here we report the characterization of compound deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2, another S1P transporter active primarily in endothelial cells. Global deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2 (global double knockout [gDKO]) results in embryonic lethality beyond embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), with severe hemorrhage accompanied by defects of tight junction proteins, indicating that Mfsd2b and Spns2 provide S1P for signaling, which is essential for blood vessel integrity. Compound postnatal deletion of Mfsd2b and Spns2 using Mx1Cre (ctDKO-Mx1Cre) results in maximal 80% reduction of plasma S1P. ctDKO-Mx1Cre mice exhibit severe susceptibility to anaphylaxis, indicating that S1P from Mfsd2b and Spns2 is indispensable for vascular homeostasis. Our results show that S1P export from Mfsd2b and Spns2 is essential for developing and mature vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nha Uyen Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Toan Q Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yen Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Viresh Krishnan Sukumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Kai Hui Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Farhana Tukijan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Ludovic Couty
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM U970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zafrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Ilaria Del Gaudio
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM U970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Eric Camerer
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM U970, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Cardiovascular Disease Research (CVD) Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung YJ, Salvi A, Kalailingam P, Alnawaz M, Tan SH, Pan JY, Tan NS, Thanabalu T. N-WASP Attenuates Cell Proliferation and Migration through ERK2-Dependent Enhanced Expression of TXNIP. Biology 2022; 11:biology11040582. [PMID: 35453780 PMCID: PMC9029996 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neural Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling and can, it has been suggested, suppress several cancers. In this study, HSC-5 cells, a mammalian cell line with reduced N-WASP expression, were used to generate control cells and HSC-5 cells with increased N-WASP expression that is comparable to that of normal keratinocytes. The two cell lines were used to elucidate the regulation of cell proliferation and migration by N-WASP. Our findings suggest that N-WASP increases ERK2-dependent phosphorylation of FOXO1 and increases TXNIP expression, which reduces cell proliferation and migration. This study is the first to propose an antiproliferative role of N-WASP, which is mediated via ERK2, and it suggests new avenues for cancer therapeutic research and treatment. Abstract Neural Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling. It has been known that reduced N-WASP expression in breast and colorectal cancers is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we found reduced N-WASP expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patient samples. The SCC cell line HSC-5 with reduced N-WASP expression was used to generate HSC-5CN (control) and HSC-5NW (N-WASP overexpression) cells. HSC-5NW cells had reduced cell proliferation and migration compared to HSC-5CN cells. HSC-5NW cells had increased phospho-ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2), phosphorylated Forkhead box protein class O1 (FOXO1) and reduced nuclear FOXO1 staining compared to HSC-5CN cells. Proteasome inhibition stabilized total FOXO1, however, not nuclear staining, suggesting that FOXO1 could be degraded in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of ERK2 enhanced nuclear FOXO1 levels and restored cell proliferation and migration of HSC-5NW to those of HSC-5CN cells, suggesting that ERK2 regulates FOXO1 activity. The expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a FOXO1 target that inhibits thioredoxin and glucose uptake, was higher in HSC-5NW cells than in HSC-5CN cells. Knockdown of TXNIP in HSC-5NW cells restored cell proliferation and migration to those of HSC-5CN cells. Thus, we propose that N-WASP regulates cell proliferation and migration via an N-WASP-ERK2-FOXO1-TXNIP pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yat Joong Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.J.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (M.A.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Amrita Salvi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.J.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (M.A.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.J.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (M.A.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Myra Alnawaz
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.J.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (M.A.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Suat Hoon Tan
- National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205, Singapore; (S.H.T.); (J.Y.P.)
| | - Jiun Yit Pan
- National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205, Singapore; (S.H.T.); (J.Y.P.)
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.J.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (M.A.); (N.S.T.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.J.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (M.A.); (N.S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6316-2832; Fax: +65-6791-3856
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalailingam P, Wang KQ, Toh XR, Nguyen TQ, Chandrakanthan M, Hasan Z, Habib C, Schif A, Radio FC, Dallapiccola B, Weiss K, Nguyen LN. Deficiency of MFSD7c results in microcephaly-associated vasculopathy in Fowler syndrome. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4081-4093. [PMID: 32369449 DOI: 10.1172/jci136727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several missense mutations in the orphan transporter FLVCR2 have been reported in Fowler syndrome. Affected subjects exhibit signs of severe neurological defects. We identified the mouse ortholog Mfsd7c as a gene expressed in the blood-brain barrier. Here, we report the characterizations of Mfsd7c-KO mice and compare these characterizations to phenotypic findings in humans with biallelic FLVCR2 mutations. Global KO of Mfsd7c in mice resulted in late-gestation lethality, likely due to CNS phenotypes. We found that the angiogenic growth of CNS blood vessels in the brain of Mfsd7c-KO embryos was inhibited in cortical ventricular zones and ganglionic eminences. Vascular tips were dilated and fused, resulting in glomeruloid vessels. Nonetheless, CNS blood vessels were intact, without hemorrhage. Both embryos and humans with biallelic FLVCR2 mutations exhibited reduced cerebral cortical layers, enlargement of the cerebral ventricles, and microcephaly. Transcriptomic analysis of Mfsd7cK-KO embryonic brains revealed upregulation of genes involved in glycolysis and angiogenesis. The Mfsd7c-KO brain exhibited hypoxia and neuronal cell death. Our results indicate that MFSD7c is required for the normal growth of CNS blood vessels and that ablation of this gene results in microcephaly-associated vasculopathy in mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiu Ru Toh
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toan Q Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhuvanthi Chandrakanthan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zafrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clair Habib
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aharon Schif
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Rambam Health Care Center, Ruth Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Karin Weiss
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,SLING and Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Disease Research (CVD) Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kalailingam P, Tan HB, Pan JY, Tan SH, Thanabalu T. Overexpression of CDC42SE1 in A431 Cells Reduced Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting the Akt Pathway. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020117. [PMID: 30717410 PMCID: PMC6406378 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a small Rho GTPase, plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation and survival. CDC42 interacts with the CRIB (Cdc42- and Rac-interactive binding) domain of CDC42SE1, a small effector protein of 9 kDa. We found that the expression of CDC42SE1 was reduced in human skin cancer samples relative to matched perilesional control. Exogenous expression of CDC42SE1 but not CDC42SE1H38A (mutation within CRIB domain) in A431 cells (A431SE1, A431SE1-H38A) reduced cell proliferation. Antibody microarray analysis of A431Ctrl and A431SE1 lysate suggested that reduced A431SE1 cells proliferation was due to inhibition of Akt pathway, which was confirmed by the reduced P-Akt and P-mTOR levels in A431SE1 cells compared to A431Ctrl cells. This suggests that CDC42SE1 modulates the CDC42-mediated Akt pathway by competing with other effector proteins to bind CDC42. A431SE1 cells formed smaller colonies in soft agar compared to A431Ctrl and A431SE1-H38A cells. These findings correlate with nude mice xenograft assays, where A431SE1 cells formed tumors with significantly-reduced volume compared to the tumors formed by A431Ctrl cells. Our results suggest that CDC42SE1 is downregulated in skin cancer to promote tumorigenesis, and thus CDC42SE1 might be an important marker of skin cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Hui Bing Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Jiun Yit Pan
- National Skin Centre, Singapore 308205, Singapore.
| | | | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitra P, Kalailingam P, Tan HB, Thanabalu T. Overexpression of GRB2 Enhances Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of A549 Cells by Upregulating SNAIL Expression. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080097. [PMID: 30087284 PMCID: PMC6116178 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GRB2 is an adaptor protein which interacts with phosphorylated TGF-β receptor and is critical for mammary tumour growth. We found that TGF-β1-induced EMT increased GRB2 expression in A549 cells (non-small cell lung cancer). Overexpression of GRB2 (A549GRB2) enhanced cell invasion while knocking down GRB2 (A549GRB2KD) reduced cell migration and invasion, probably due to increased vinculin and reduced Paxillin patches in A549GRB2KD cell. TGF-β1-induced EMT was more pronounced in A549GRB2 cells and attenuated in A549GRB2KD cells. This could be due to the reduced expression of E-cadherin in A549GRB2 and increased expression of E-cadherin in A549GRB2KD cells, even before TGF-β1 stimulation. Expression of SNAIL was elevated in A549GRB2 cells and was further enhanced by TGF-β1 stimulation, suggesting that GRB2 down-regulates E-cadherin by enhancing the expression of SNAIL. The N-SH3 domain of GRB2 was critical for suppressing E-cadherin expression, while the C-SH3 domain of GRB2 mediating interaction with proteins such as N-WASP was critical for promoting invasion, and the SH2 domain was critical for suppressing E-cadherin expression and invasion. Thus, our data suggests that GRB2 enhances EMT by suppressing E-cadherin expression and promoting invasion probably through N-WASP to promote metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mitra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, STRF, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | | | - Hui Bing Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
- National University Health System (NUHS), 119228 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalailingam P, Tan HB, Jain N, Sng MK, Chan JSK, Tan NS, Thanabalu T. Conditional knock out of N-WASP in keratinocytes causes skin barrier defects and atopic dermatitis-like inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7311. [PMID: 28779153 PMCID: PMC5544743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural-Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) is expressed ubiquitously and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In order to characterize the role of N-WASP in epidermal homeostasis and cutaneous biology, we generated conditional N-WASP knockout mouse using CK14-cre (cytokeratin 14) to ablate expression of N-WASP in keratinocytes. N-WASPK14KO (N-WASPfl/fl; CK14-Cre) mice were born following Mendelian genetics suggesting that N-WASP expression in keratinocytes is not essential during embryogenesis. N-WASPK14KO mice exhibited stunted growth, alopecia, dry and wrinkled skin. The dry skin in N-WASPK14KO mice is probably due to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) caused by barrier function defects as revealed by dye penetration assay. N-WASPK14KO mice developed spontaneous inflammation in the neck and face 10 weeks after birth. Histological staining revealed thickening of the epidermis, abnormal cornified layer and extensive infiltration of immune cells (mast cells, eosinophils and T-lymphocytes) in N-WASPK14KO mice skin compared to control mice. N-WASPK14KO mice had higher serum levels of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 compared to control mice. Thus our results suggest that conditional N-WASP knockout in keratinocytes leads to compromised skin barrier, higher infiltration of immune cells and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes due to increased production of cytokines highlighting the importance of N-WASP in maintaining the skin homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Bing Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neeraj Jain
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 636921, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 636921, Republic of Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.,KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Republic of Singapore
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jain N, Kalailingam P, Tan KW, Tan HB, Sng MK, Chan JSK, Tan NS, Thanabalu T. Conditional knockout of N-WASP in mouse fibroblast caused keratinocyte hyper proliferation and enhanced wound closure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38109. [PMID: 27909303 PMCID: PMC5133560 DOI: 10.1038/srep38109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural-Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) is expressed ubiquitously, regulates actin polymerization and is essential during mouse development. We have previously shown that N-WASP is critical for cell-ECM adhesion in fibroblasts. To characterize the role of N-WASP in fibroblast for skin development, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model in which fibroblast N-WASP was ablated using the Cre recombinase driven by Fibroblast Specific Protein promoter (Fsp-Cre). N-WASPFKO (N-WASPfl/fl; Fsp-cre) were born following Mendelian genetics, survived without any visible abnormalities for more than 1 year and were sexually reproductive, suggesting that expression of N-WASP in fibroblast is not critical for survival under laboratory conditions. Histological sections of N-WASPFKO mice skin (13 weeks old) showed thicker epidermis with higher percentage of cells staining for proliferation marker (PCNA), suggesting that N-WASP deficient fibroblasts promote keratinocyte proliferation. N-WASPFKO mice skin had elevated collagen content, elevated expression of FGF7 (keratinocyte growth factor) and TGFβ signaling proteins. Wound healing was faster in N-WASPFKO mice compared to control mice and N-WASP deficient fibroblasts were found to have enhanced collagen gel contraction properties. These results suggest that N-WASP deficiency in fibroblasts improves wound healing by growth factor-mediated enhancement of keratinocyte proliferation and increased wound contraction in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Jain
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kai Wei Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Bing Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Agency for Science Technology &Research, 138673, Singapore.,KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalailingam P, Kannaian B, Tamilmani E, Kaliaperumal R. Efficacy of natural diosgenin on cardiovascular risk, insulin secretion, and beta cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:1154-61. [PMID: 24889525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Costus igneus, has been prescribed for the treatment of diabetic mellitus in India for several years. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of plant derived diosgenin on cardiovascular risk, insulin secretion, and pancreatic composition through electron microscopical studies of normal and diabetic rats. Diosgenin at a dose of 5 or 10mg/kg per body weight (bw) was orally administered as a single dose per day to diabetic induced rats for a period of 30 days. The effect of diosgenin on blood glucose, HbA1c, PT, APTT, Oxy-LDL, serum lipid profile, electron microscopical studies of pancreas, antioxidant enzymes (in liver, kidney, pancreas) and hepatoprotective enzymes in plasma and liver were measured in normal and diabetic rats. The results showed that fasting blood glucose, PT, APTT, Oxy-LDL, TC, TG, LDL, ALT, AST, ALP, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and LPO levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased, whereas HDL, SOD, CAT, GSH and the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the diabetes induced rats and these levels were significantly (p<0.05) reversed back to normal in diabetes induced rats after 30 days of treatment with diosgenin. Electron microscopical studies of the pancreas revealed that the number of beta cells and insulin granules were increased in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats after 30 days of treatment with diosgenin. In conclusion, the data obtained from the present study strongly indicate that diosgenin has potential effects on cardiovascular risk, insulin secretion and beta cell regeneration in STZ induced diabetic rats, these results could be useful for new drug development to fight diabetes and its related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvaneswari Kannaian
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eevera Tamilmani
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Trichy 630102, India.
| | - Rajendran Kaliaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalailingam P, Balasubramanian K, Kannaian B, Mohammed AKN, Meenakshisundram K, Tamilmani E, Kaliaperumal R. Isolation and quantification of flavonoids from ethanol extract of Costus igneus rhizome (CiREE) and impact of CiREE on hypoglycaemic, electron microscopic studies of pancreas in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Kalailingam P, Sekar AD, Samuel JSC, Gandhirajan P, Govindaraju Y, Kesavan M, Kaliaperumal R, shanmugam K, Tamilmani E. The Efficacy of Costus igneus Rhizome on Carbohydrate Metabolic, Hepatoproductive and Antioxidative Enzymes in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eevera Tamilmani
- Dryland Agricultural research station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
| |
Collapse
|