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de Winter NJ, Tindall J, Johnson ALA, Goudsmit-Harzevoort B, Wichern N, Kaskes P, Claeys P, Huygen F, van Leeuwen S, Metcalfe B, Bakker P, Goolaerts S, Wesselingh F, Ziegler M. Amplified seasonality in western Europe in a warmer world. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6717. [PMID: 38748800 PMCID: PMC11095466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Documenting the seasonal temperature cycle constitutes an essential step toward mitigating risks associated with extreme weather events in a future warmer world. The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (mPWP), 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago, featured global temperatures approximately 3°C above preindustrial levels. It represents an ideal period for directed paleoclimate reconstructions equivalent to model projections for 2100 under moderate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2-4.5. Here, seasonal clumped isotope analyses of fossil mollusk shells from the North Sea are presented to test Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project 2 outcomes. Joint data and model evidence reveals enhanced summer warming (+4.3° ± 1.0°C) compared to winter (+2.5° ± 1.5°C) during the mPWP, equivalent to SSP2-4.5 outcomes for future climate. We show that Arctic amplification of global warming weakens mid-latitude summer circulation while intensifying seasonal contrast in temperature and precipitation, leading to an increased risk of summer heat waves and other extreme weather events in Europe's future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. de Winter
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Tindall
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Barbara Goudsmit-Harzevoort
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nina Wichern
- Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pim Kaskes
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Claeys
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geochemistry group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fynn Huygen
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja van Leeuwen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Brett Metcalfe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Bakker
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stijn Goolaerts
- Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Wesselingh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Mette M, Andersson C, Schöne B, Bonitz F, Melvik V, Trofimova T, Miles M. Two centuries of southwest Iceland annually-resolved marine temperature reconstructed from Arctica islandica shells. ESTUARINE, COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE 2023; 294:108525. [PMID: 38058294 PMCID: PMC10695767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Iceland's exposure to major ocean current pathways of the central North Atlantic makes it a useful location for developing long-term proxy records of past marine climate. Such records provide more detailed understanding of the full range of past variability which is necessary to improve predictions of future changes. We constructed a 225-year (1791-2015 CE) master shell growth chronology from 29 shells of Arctica islandica collected at 100 m water depth in southwest Iceland (Faxaflói). The growth chronology provides a robust age model for shell oxygen isotope (δ18Oshell) data produced at annual resolution for 251 years (1765-2015 CE). The temperature reconstruction derived from δ18Oshell shows coherence with May-October local surface temperature records and sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic region, suggesting it is a useful proxy indicator of water temperature variability at 100 m depth within Faxaflói. Field correlations between the shell-based records and gridded sea surface temperature data reveal strong positive correlations between the 1-year lagged shell growth and temperatures within the subpolar gyre post-1972, suggesting a delayed influence of subpolar gyre dynamics on ecological indicators in southwest Iceland in recent decades. However, the shell growth chronology and δ18Oshell record generally show relatively weak and insignificant correlations with larger region climate indices including the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, North Atlantic Oscillation, and East Atlantic pattern. Therefore the interannual variations in the newly produced shell-based records appear to reflect more local to regional dynamics around southwest Iceland than large-scale modes of climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Mette
- U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - C. Andersson
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - B.R. Schöne
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - F.G.W. Bonitz
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - V. Melvik
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - T. Trofimova
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - M.W. Miles
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
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3
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Zhuravleva A, Bauch HA, Mohtadi M, Fahl K, Kienast M. Caribbean salinity anomalies contributed to variable North Atlantic circulation and climate during the Common Era. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2639. [PMID: 37922353 PMCID: PMC10624350 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Paleoceanographic reconstructions show that the strength of North Atlantic currents decreased during the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the role of ocean circulation in climate regulation during earlier historical epochs of the Common Era (C.E.) remains unclear. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity in the Caribbean Basin for the past 1700 years using the isotopic and elemental composition of planktic foraminifera tests. Centennial-scale SST and salinity variations in the Caribbean co-occur with (hydro)climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and are linked to a North Atlantic SST forcing. Cold phases around 600, 800, and 1400 to 1600 C.E. are characterized by Caribbean salinification and Gulf of Mexico freshening that implies reductions in the strength of North Atlantic surface circulation. We suggest that the associated changes in the meridional salt advection contributed to the historical climate variability of the C.E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zhuravleva
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henning A. Bauch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Fahl
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Markus Kienast
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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4
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Destabilisation of the Subpolar North Atlantic prior to the Little Ice Age. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5008. [PMID: 36008418 PMCID: PMC9411610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooling transition into the Little Ice Age was the last notable shift in the climate system prior to anthropogenic global warming. It is hypothesised that sea-ice to ocean feedbacks sustained an initial cooling into the Little Ice Age by weakening the subpolar gyre circulation; a system that has been proposed to exhibit bistability. Empirical evidence for bistability within this transition has however been lacking. Using statistical indicators of resilience in three annually-resolved bivalve proxy records from the North Icelandic shelf, we show that the subpolar North Atlantic climate system destabilised during two episodes prior to the Little Ice Age. This loss of resilience indicates reduced attraction to one stable state, and a system vulnerable to an abrupt transition. The two episodes preceded wider subpolar North Atlantic change, consistent with subpolar gyre destabilisation and the approach of a tipping point, potentially heralding the transition to Little Ice Age conditions. Bivalves reveal that the subpolar North Atlantic destabilised and shows signs of having crossed a tipping point during the transition into the Little Ice Age.
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Strong Coupling between Biomineral Morphology and Sr/Ca of Arctica islandica (Bivalvia)—Implications for Shell Sr/Ca-Based Temperature Estimates. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve shells serve as powerful high-resolution paleoclimate archives. However, the number of reliable temperature proxies is limited. It has remained particularly difficult to extract temperature signals from shell Sr/Ca, although Sr is routinely employed in other biogenic aragonites. In bivalves, Sr/Ca is linked to the prevailing microstructure and is sometimes affected by kinetics. Here, the hypothesis is tested that temperature can be reconstructed from shell Sr/Ca once microstructure and/or growth-rate-related bias has been mathematically eliminated. Therefore, the relationship between Sr/Ca and increment width, as well as biomineral unit size, has been studied in three different shell portions of field-grown Arctica islandica specimens. Subsequently, microstructure and/or growth-rate-related variation was removed from Sr/Ca data and residuals compared to temperature. As demonstrated, the hypothesis could not be verified. Even after detrending, Sr/Ca remained positively correlated to water temperature, which contradicts thermodynamic expectations and findings from inorganic aragonite. Any temperature signal potentially recorded by shell Sr/Ca is overprinted by other environmental forcings. Unless these variables are identified, it will remain impossible to infer temperature from Sr/Ca. Given the coupling with the biomineral unit size, a detailed characterization of the microstructure should remain an integral part of subsequent attempts to reconstruct temperature from Sr/Ca.
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Lapointe F, Bradley RS. Little Ice Age abruptly triggered by intrusion of Atlantic waters into the Nordic Seas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi8230. [PMID: 34910526 PMCID: PMC8673760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Little Ice Age (LIA) was one of the coldest periods of the postglacial period in the Northern Hemisphere. Although there is increasing evidence that this time interval was associated with weakening of the subpolar gyre (SPG), the sequence of events that led to its weakened state has yet to be explained. Here, we show that the LIA was preceded by an exceptional intrusion of warm Atlantic water into the Nordic Seas in the late 1300s. The intrusion was a consequence of persistent atmospheric blocking over the North Atlantic, linked to unusually high solar activity. The warmer water led to the breakup of sea ice and calving of tidewater glaciers; weakening of the blocking anomaly in the late 1300s allowed the large volume of ice that had accumulated to be exported into the North Atlantic. This led to a weakening of the SPG, setting the stage for the subsequent LIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Lapointe
- Department of Geosciences, Climate System Research Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Raymond S Bradley
- Department of Geosciences, Climate System Research Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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7
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Surface and Tropospheric Response of North Atlantic Summer Climate from Paleoclimate Simulations of the Past Millennium. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of solar forcing on the North Atlantic (NA) summer climate, in climate simulations with Earth System Models (ESMs), over the preindustrial past millennium (AD 850–1849). We use one simulation and a four-member ensemble performed with the MPI-ESM-P and CESM-LME models, respectively, forced only by low-scaling variations in Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). We apply linear methods (correlation and regression) and composite analysis to estimate the NA surface and tropospheric climatic responses to decadal solar variability. Linear methods in the CESM ensemble indicate a weak summer response in sea-level pressure (SLP) and 500-hPa geopotential height to TSI, with decreased values over Greenland and increased values over the NA subtropics. Composite analysis indicates that, during high-TSI periods, SLP decreases over eastern Canada and the geopotential height at 500-hPa increases over the subtropical NA. The possible summer response of SSTs is overlapped by model internal variability. Therefore, for low-scaling TSI changes, state-of-the-art ESMs disagree on the NA surface climatic effect of solar forcing indicated by proxy-based studies during the preindustrial millennium. The analysis of control simulations indicates that, in all climatic variables studied, spurious patterns of apparent solar response may arise from the analysis of single model simulations.
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Pollen Geochronology from the Atlantic Coast of the United States during the Last 500 Years. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building robust age–depth models to understand climatic and geologic histories from coastal sedimentary archives often requires composite chronologies consisting of multi-proxy age markers. Pollen chronohorizons derived from a known change in vegetation are important for age–depth models, especially those with other sparse or imprecise age markers. However, the accuracy of pollen chronohorizons compared to other age markers and the impact of pollen chronohorizons on the precision of age–depth models, particularly in salt marsh environments, is poorly understood. Here, we combine new and published pollen data from eight coastal wetlands (salt marshes and mangroves) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States (U.S.) from Florida to Connecticut to define the age and uncertainty of 17 pollen chronohorizons. We found that 13 out of 17 pollen chronohorizons were consistent when compared to other age markers (radiocarbon, radionuclide 137Cs and pollution markers). Inconsistencies were likely related to the hyperlocality of pollen chronohorizons, mixing of salt marsh sediment, reworking of pollen from nearby tidal flats, misidentification of pollen signals, and inaccuracies in or misinterpretation of other age markers. Additionally, in a total of 24 models, including one or more pollen chronohorizons, increased precision (up to 41 years) or no change was found in 18 models.
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9
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Annually resolved Atlantic sea surface temperature variability over the past 2,900 y. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27171-27178. [PMID: 33046633 PMCID: PMC7959532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic multidecadal sea surface temperature variability (AMV) strongly influences the Northern Hemisphere’s climate, including the Arctic. Here using a well-dated annually laminated lake sediment core, we show that the AMV exerts a strong influence on High-Arctic climate during the instrumental period (past ∼150 y) through atmospheric teleconnection. This highly resolved climate archive is then used to produce the first AMV reconstruction spanning the last ∼3 millennia at unprecedented temporal resolution. Our terrestrial record is significantly correlated to several sea surface temperature proxies in the Atlantic, highlighting the reliability of this record as an annual tracer of the AMV. The results show that the current warmth in sea surface temperature is unseen in the context of the past ∼3 millennia. Global warming due to anthropogenic factors can be amplified or dampened by natural climate oscillations, especially those involving sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic which vary on a multidecadal scale (Atlantic multidecadal variability, AMV). Because the instrumental record of AMV is short, long-term behavior of AMV is unknown, but climatic teleconnections to regions beyond the North Atlantic offer the prospect of reconstructing AMV from high-resolution records elsewhere. Annually resolved titanium from an annually laminated sedimentary record from Ellesmere Island, Canada, shows that the record is strongly influenced by AMV via atmospheric circulation anomalies. Significant correlations between this High-Arctic proxy and other highly resolved Atlantic SST proxies demonstrate that it shares the multidecadal variability seen in the Atlantic. Our record provides a reconstruction of AMV for the past ∼3 millennia at an unprecedented time resolution, indicating North Atlantic SSTs were coldest from ∼1400–1800 CE, while current SSTs are the warmest in the past ∼2,900 y.
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A multi-decadal record of oceanographic changes of the past ~165 years (1850-2015 AD) from Northwest of Iceland. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239373. [PMID: 32991577 PMCID: PMC7523958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending oceanographic data beyond the instrumental period is highly needed to better characterize and understand multi-decadal to centennial natural ocean variability. Here, a stable isotope record at unprecedented temporal resolution (1 to 2 years) from a new marine core retrieved off western North Iceland is presented. We aim to better constrain the variability of subsurface, Atlantic-derived Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW), using near surface-dwelling planktic foraminifera and Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) mass changes using benthic foraminifera over the last ~165 years. The reconstruction overlaps in time with instrumental observations and a direct comparison reveals that the δ18O record of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is reliably representing temperature fluctuations in the SPMWs. Trends in the N. pachyderma δ13C record match the measured phosphate concentration in the upper 200 m on the North Icelandic Shelf well. Near surface-dwelling foraminifera trace anthropogenic CO2 in the Iceland Sea by ~ 1950 ± 8, however, a reduced amplitude shift in the Marine Suess effect is identified. We argue that this is caused by a contemporary ongoing increase in marine primary productivity in the upper ocean due to enhanced Greenland’s freshwater discharge that has contributed to a nutrient-driven fertilization since the 1940s/50s (Perner et al., 2019). Multi-decadal variability is detected. We find that the 16-year periodicity evident in SPMW and AIWs based on the δ18O of N. pachyderma and M. barleeanum is a signal of SST anomalies propagated into the Nordic Seas via the Atlantic inflow branches around Iceland. Spectral analyses of the planktic foraminiferal δ13C signal indicate intermittent 30-year cycles that are likely reflecting the ocean response to atmospheric variability, presumably the East Atlantic Pattern. A long-term trend in benthic δ18O suggests that Atlantic-derived waters are expanding their core within the water column from the subsurface into deeper intermediate depths towards the present day. This is a result of increased transport by the North Icelandic Irminger Current to the North Iceland Shelf over the historical era.
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11
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Der Sarkissian C, Möller P, Hofman CA, Ilsøe P, Rick TC, Schiøtte T, Sørensen MV, Dalén L, Orlando L. Unveiling the Ecological Applications of Ancient DNA From Mollusk Shells. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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12
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Natural drivers of multidecadal Arctic sea ice variability over the last millennium. Sci Rep 2020; 10:688. [PMID: 31959798 PMCID: PMC6971300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate varies due to human activity, natural climate cycles, and natural events external to the climate system. Understanding the different roles played by these drivers of variability is fundamental to predicting near-term climate change and changing extremes, and to attributing observed change to anthropogenic or natural factors. Natural drivers such as large explosive volcanic eruptions or multidecadal cycles in ocean circulation occur infrequently and are therefore poorly represented within the observational record. Here we turn to the first high-latitude annually-resolved and absolutely dated marine record spanning the last millennium, and the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) Phase 3 Last Millennium climate model ensemble spanning the same time period, to examine the influence of natural climate drivers on Arctic sea ice. We show that bivalve oxygen isotope data are recording multidecadal Arctic sea ice variability and through the climate model ensemble demonstrate that external natural drivers explain up to third of this variability. Natural external forcing causes changes in sea-ice mediated export of freshwater into areas of active deep convection, affecting the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and thereby northward heat transport to the Arctic. This in turn leads to sustained anomalies in sea ice extent. The models capture these positive feedbacks, giving us improved confidence in their ability to simulate future sea ice in in a rapidly evolving Arctic.
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13
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Perner K, Moros M, Otterå OH, Blanz T, Schneider RR, Jansen E. An oceanic perspective on Greenland's recent freshwater discharge since 1850. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17680. [PMID: 31776367 PMCID: PMC6881324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Instrumental data evidence an accelerating freshwater release from Arctic sea ice export and the Greenland Ice Sheet over the past three decades causing cooling and freshening in the subpolar North Atlantic region. However, evaluating the observed acceleration on a historical oceanic and climatic perspective remains challenging given the short available instrumental time series. Here we provide a marine perspective on the freshwater releases to the ocean since 1850 as reflected in the northern limb of the Subpolar Gyre. Our reconstructions suggest that the recent acceleration tracks back to the 1940s/50s and is unprecedented since 1850. The melting, initiated by the 1920s natural rise in solar irradiance, accelerated in response to a combined effect of natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. We find that Greenland’s freshwater discharge has contributed to a nutrient-driven fertilization of the upper ocean and consequently increased the marine primary productivity since the 1940s/50s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Perner
- Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, See Str. 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 41, 5055, Bergen, Norway. .,NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Matthias Moros
- Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, See Str. 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Odd Helge Otterå
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Blanz
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludwig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph R Schneider
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludwig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eystein Jansen
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 41, 5055, Bergen, Norway. .,NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007, Bergen, Norway.
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Farhat N, Belghith I, Senkler J, Hichri S, Abdelly C, Braun HP, Debez A. Recovery aptitude of the halophyte Cakile maritima upon water deficit stress release is sustained by extensive modulation of the leaf proteome. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:198-211. [PMID: 31048216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the most intriguing features characterizing extremophile plants is their ability to rapidly recover growth activity upon stress release. Here, we investigated the responses of the halophyte C. maritima to drought and recovery at both physiological and leaf proteome levels. Six week-old plants were either cultivated at 100% or at 25% field capacity. After 12 d of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered to 100% FC for 14 d (stress release). Drought stress impaired shoot hydration, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content compared to the control, resulting in severe plant growth restriction. This was concomitant with a marked increase in anthocyanin and proline concentrations. Upon stress release, C. maritima rapidly recovered with respect to all measured parameters. Two-dimensional gel-based proteome analysis of leaves revealed 84 protein spots with significantly changed volumes at the compared conditions: twenty-eight protein spots between normally watered plants and stressed plants but even 70 proteins between stressed and recovered plants. Proteins with higher abundance induced upon rewatering were mostly involved in photosynthesis, glycolytic pathway, TCA cycle, protein biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways. Overall, C. maritima likely adopts a drought-avoidance strategy, involving efficient mechanisms specifically taking place upon stress release, leading to fast and strong recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nèjia Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ikram Belghith
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Senkler
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarra Hichri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Peharda M, Vilibić I, Black B, Uvanović H, Markulin K, Mihanović H. A network of bivalve chronologies from semi-enclosed seas. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220520. [PMID: 31361771 PMCID: PMC6667151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Four chronologies of the bivalve species Glycymeris pilosa have been constructed along a 300 km gradient of the eastern coastal Adriatic Sea, all of which span the common period of 1982–2015. The chronologies are compared to local and remote environmental drivers suspected to influence the biology of the system, including air and seawater temperature, precipitation and freshwater discharge. The Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS), a key oceanographic feature quantified by satellite-derived absolute dynamic topography, is also compared to the chronologies. The chronologies at the two southern sites are more strongly influenced by local river discharge, while the two northern chronologies are more strongly influenced by BiOS. These results highlight the broadscale importance of BiOS to the Adriatic system as well as the heterogeneity of nearshore environmental and drivers of growth. These G. pilosa chronologies provide unique multidecadal, continuous, biological time series to better understand the ecology and fine-scale variability of the Adriatic with potential for other shallow, semi-enclosed seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melita Peharda
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivica Vilibić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Bryan Black
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hana Uvanović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
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16
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Estrella-Martínez J, Ascough PL, Schöne BR, Scourse JD, Butler PG. 8.2 ka event North Sea hydrography determined by bivalve shell stable isotope geochemistry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6753. [PMID: 31043648 PMCID: PMC6494846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abrupt 8.2 ka cold event has been widely described from Greenland and North Atlantic records. However, its expression in shelf seas is poorly documented, and the temporal resolution of most marine records is inadequate to precisely determine the chronology of major events. A robust hydrographical reconstruction can provide an insight on climatic reaction times to perturbations to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we present an annually-resolved temperature and water column stratification reconstruction based on stable isotope geochemistry of Arctica islandica shells from the Fladen Ground (northern North Sea) temporally coherent with Greenland ice core records. Our age model is based on a growth increment chronology obtained from four radiometrically-dated shells covering the 8290–8100 cal BP interval. Our results indicate that a sudden sea level rise (SSLR) event-driven column stratification occurred between ages 8320–8220 cal BP. Thirty years later, cold conditions inhibited water column stratification but an eventual incursion of sub-Arctic waters into the North Sea re-established density-driven stratification. The water temperatures reached their minimum of ~3.7 °C 55 years after the SSLR. Intermittently-mixed conditions were later established when the sub-Arctic waters receded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa L Ascough
- NERC Radiocarbon Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK
| | - Bernd R Schöne
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 21, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - James D Scourse
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Paul G Butler
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
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17
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Black BA, Andersson C, Butler PG, Carroll ML, DeLong KL, Reynolds DJ, Schöne BR, Scourse J, van der Sleen P, Wanamaker AD, Witbaard R. The revolution of crossdating in marine palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180665. [PMID: 30958223 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, the dendrochronology technique of crossdating has been widely used to generate a global network of tree-ring chronologies that serves as a leading indicator of environmental variability and change. Only recently, however, has this same approach been applied to growth increments in calcified structures of bivalves, fish and corals in the world's oceans. As in trees, these crossdated marine chronologies are well replicated, annually resolved and absolutely dated, providing uninterrupted multi-decadal to millennial histories of ocean palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological processes. Moreover, they span an extensive geographical range, multiple trophic levels, habitats and functional types, and can be readily integrated with observational physical or biological records. Increment width is the most commonly measured parameter and reflects growth or productivity, though isotopic and elemental composition capture complementary aspects of environmental variability. As such, crossdated marine chronologies constitute powerful observational templates to establish climate-biology relationships, test hypotheses of ecosystem functioning, conduct multi-proxy reconstructions, provide constraints for numerical climate models, and evaluate the precise timing and nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions. These 'present-past-future' perspectives provide new insights into the mechanisms and feedbacks between the atmosphere and marine systems while providing indicators relevant to ecosystem-based approaches of fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Black
- 1 Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona , 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
| | - Carin Andersson
- 2 NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research , Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Paul G Butler
- 3 CGES, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ , UK
| | - Michael L Carroll
- 4 Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment , PO Box 6606 Langnes, 9296 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Kristine L DeLong
- 5 Department of Geography & Anthropology and the Coastal Studies institute, Louisiana State University , 227 Howe-Russell Geoscience Complex E326, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 , USA
| | - David J Reynolds
- 6 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3AT , UK
| | - Bernd R Schöne
- 7 Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - James Scourse
- 8 CGES, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ , UK
| | - Peter van der Sleen
- 9 Department of Wetland Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Josefstrasse 1, Rastatt 76437 , Germany
| | - Alan D Wanamaker
- 10 Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University , 2237 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011 , USA
| | - Rob Witbaard
- 11 Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) , PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke , the Netherlands
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18
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Peharda M, Vilibić I, Black BA, Markulin K, Dunić N, Džoić T, Mihanović H, Gačić M, Puljas S, Waldman R. Using bivalve chronologies for quantifying environmental drivers in a semi-enclosed temperate sea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5559. [PMID: 29615699 PMCID: PMC5882960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual growth increments formed in bivalve shells are increasingly used as proxies of environmental variability and change in marine ecosystems, especially at higher latitudes. Here, we document that well-replicated and exactly dated chronologies can also be developed to capture oceanographic processes in temperate and semi-enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean. A chronology is constructed for Glycymeris pilosa from a shallow embayment of the northern Adriatic and extends from 1979 to 2016. The chronology significantly (p < 0.05) and positively correlates to winter sea surface temperatures, but negatively correlates to summer temperatures, which suggests that extreme winter lows and extreme summer highs may be limiting to growth. However, the strongest and most consistent relationships are negative correlations with an index of the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) for which positive values indicate the inflow of the ultraoligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean waters to the Adriatic. In contrast, the substantial freshwater flows that discharge into the Adriatic do not correlate to the bivalve chronology, emphasizing the importance of remote oceanographic processes to growth at this highly coastal site. Overall, this study underscores the potential of bivalve chronologies to capture biologically relevant, local- to regional-scale patterns of ocean circulation in mid-latitude, temperate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peharda
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - I Vilibić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia.
| | - B A Black
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - K Markulin
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - N Dunić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - T Džoić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - H Mihanović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - M Gačić
- Instituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Puljas
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - R Waldman
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France, Toulouse, France
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Der Sarkissian C, Pichereau V, Dupont C, Ilsøe PC, Perrigault M, Butler P, Chauvaud L, Eiríksson J, Scourse J, Paillard C, Orlando L. Ancient DNA analysis identifies marine mollusc shells as new metagenomic archives of the past. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 17:835-853. [PMID: 28394451 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine mollusc shells enclose a wealth of information on coastal organisms and their environment. Their life history traits as well as (palaeo-) environmental conditions, including temperature, food availability, salinity and pollution, can be traced through the analysis of their shell (micro-) structure and biogeochemical composition. Adding to this list, the DNA entrapped in shell carbonate biominerals potentially offers a novel and complementary proxy both for reconstructing palaeoenvironments and tracking mollusc evolutionary trajectories. Here, we assess this potential by applying DNA extraction, high-throughput shotgun DNA sequencing and metagenomic analyses to marine mollusc shells spanning the last ~7,000 years. We report successful DNA extraction from shells, including a variety of ancient specimens, and find that DNA recovery is highly dependent on their biomineral structure, carbonate layer preservation and disease state. We demonstrate positive taxonomic identification of mollusc species using a combination of mitochondrial DNA genomes, barcodes, genome-scale data and metagenomic approaches. We also find shell biominerals to contain a diversity of microbial DNA from the marine environment. Finally, we reconstruct genomic sequences of organisms closely related to the Vibrio tapetis bacteria from Manila clam shells previously diagnosed with Brown Ring Disease. Our results reveal marine mollusc shells as novel genetic archives of the past, which opens new perspectives in ancient DNA research, with the potential to reconstruct the evolutionary history of molluscs, microbial communities and pathogens in the face of environmental changes. Other future applications include conservation of endangered mollusc species and aquaculture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Der Sarkissian
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Lemar UMR6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Peter C Ilsøe
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Mickael Perrigault
- Lemar UMR6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Paul Butler
- CGES, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Lemar UMR6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Jón Eiríksson
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - James Scourse
- CGES, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Christine Paillard
- Lemar UMR6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Université de Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Toulouse, France
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20
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Winter amplification of the European Little Ice Age cooling by the subpolar gyre. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9981. [PMID: 28855516 PMCID: PMC5577174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate reconstructions reveal a strong winter amplification of the cooling over central and northern continental Europe during the Little Ice Age period (LIA, here defined as c. 16th–18th centuries) via persistent, blocked atmospheric conditions. Although various potential drivers have been suggested to explain the LIA cooling, no coherent mechanism has yet been proposed for this seasonal contrast. Here we demonstrate that such exceptional wintertime conditions arose from sea ice expansion and reduced ocean heat losses in the Nordic and Barents seas, driven by a multicentennial reduction in the northward heat transport by the subpolar gyre (SPG). However, these anomalous oceanic conditions were largely decoupled from the European atmospheric variability in summer. Our novel dynamical explanation is derived from analysis of an ensemble of last millennium climate simulations, and is supported by reconstructions of European temperatures and atmospheric circulation variability and North Atlantic/Arctic paleoceanographic conditions. We conclude that SPG-related internal climate feedbacks were responsible for the winter amplification of the European LIA cooling. Thus, characterization of SPG dynamics is essential for understanding multicentennial variations of the seasonal cycle in the European/North Atlantic sector.
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