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Liao WQ, Zeng YL, Tang YY, Xu YQ, Huang XY, Yu H, Lv HP, Chen XG, Xiong RG. Dual Breaking of Molecular Orbitals and Spatial Symmetry in an Optically Controlled Ferroelectric. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305471. [PMID: 37607776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
As particles carry quantified energy, photon radiation enables orbital transitions of energy levels, leading to changes in the spin state of electrons. The resulting switchable structural bistability may bring a new paradigm for manipulating ferroelectric polarization. However, the studies on molecular orbital breaking in the ferroelectric field remain blank. Here, for the first time, a new mechanism of ferroelectrics-dual breaking of molecular orbitals and spatial symmetry, demonstrated in a photochromic organic crystal with light-induced polarization switching, is formally proposed. By alternating the ultraviolet/visible light irradiation, the states of electron spin and the radial distribution p atomic orbitals experience a change, showing a reversible switch from "shoulder-to-shoulder" form to a "head-to-head" form. This reflects a reversible conversion between π and σ bonds, which induces and couples with the variation of spatial symmetry. The intersection of spatial symmetry breaking and molecular orbital breaking in ferroelectrics present in this work will be more conducive to data encryption and anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Zeng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qiu Xu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Huang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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Ferroelectric phase-transition frustration near a tricritical composition point. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5322. [PMID: 34493734 PMCID: PMC8423788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase transition describes a mutational behavior of matter states at a critical transition temperature or external field. Despite the phase-transition orders are well sorted by classic thermodynamic theory, ambiguous situations interposed between the first- and second-order transitions were exposed one after another. Here, we report discovery of phase-transition frustration near a tricritical composition point in ferroelectric Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3. Our multi-scale transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals a number of geometrically frustrated microstructure features such as self-assembled hierarchical domain structure, degeneracy of mesoscale domain tetragonality and decoupled polarization-strain relationship. Associated with deviation from the classic mean-field theory, dielectric critical exponent anomalies and temperature dependent birefringence data unveil that the frustrated transition order stems from intricate competition of short-range polar orders and their decoupling to long-range lattice deformation. With supports from effective Hamiltonian Monte Carlo simulations, our findings point out a potentially universal mechanism to comprehend the abnormal critical phenomena occurring in phase-transition materials. Phase transition brings a plethora of exotic phenomena and intriguing effects such as spin and charge frustration. However, the phase transition order is not always explicit. Here, the authors discover phase transition frustration near a tricritical composition point in ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3.
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Liu X, Wang B, Huang X, Dong X, Ren Y, Zhao H, Long L, Zheng L. Room-Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling in Electronic Ferroelectric Film based on [( n-C 3H 7) 4N][Fe IIIFe II(dto) 3] (dto = C 2O 2S 2). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5779-5785. [PMID: 33847129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Great importance has been attached to magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic thin films owing to their extremely practical use in a new generation of devices. Here, a film of [(n-C3H7)4N][FeIIIFeII(dto)3] (1; dto = C2O2S2) was fabricated using a simple stamping process. As was revealed by our experimental results, in-plane ferroelectricity over a wide temperature range from 50 to 300 K was induced by electron hopping between FeII and FeIII sites. This mechanism was further confirmed by the ferroelectric observation of the compound [(n-C3H7)4N][FeIIIZnII(dto)3] (2; dto = C2O2S2), in which FeII ions were replaced by nonmagnetic metal ZnII ions, resulting in no obvious ferroelectric polarization. However, both ferroelectricity and magnetism are related to the magnetic Fe ions, implying a strong magnetoelectric coupling in 1. Through piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), the observation of magnetoelectric coupling was achieved by manipulating ferroelectric domains under an in-plane magnetic field. The present work not only provides new insight into the design of molecular-based electronic ferroelectric/magnetoelectric materials but also paves the way for practical applications in a new generation of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Dong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lasheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lansun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Unravelling the nature of magneto-electric coupling in room temperature multiferroic particulate (PbFe 0.5Nb 0.5O 3)-(Co 0.6Zn 0.4Fe 1.7Mn 0.3O 4) composites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3149. [PMID: 33542285 PMCID: PMC7862596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiferroic composites are promising candidates for magnetic field sensors, next-generation low power memory and spintronic devices, as they exhibit much higher magnetoelectric (ME) coupling and coupled ordering parameters compared to the single-phase multiferroics. Hence, the 3-0 type particulate multiferroic composites having general formula (1 − Φ)[PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3]-Φ[Co0.6Zn0.4Fe1.7Mn0.3O4] (Φ = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, (1 − Φ) PFN-ΦCZFMO) were prepared using a hybrid synthesis technique. Preliminary structural and microstructural analysis were carried out using XRD and FESEM techniques, which suggest the formation of 3-0 type particulate composite without the presence of any impurity phases. The multiferroic behaviour of the composites is studied with polarization versus electric field (P-E) and magnetization versus magnetic field (M-H) characteristics at room temperature. The nature of ME coupling was investigated elaborately by employing the Landau free energy equation along with the magneto-capacitance measurement. This investigation suggests the existence of biquadratic nature of ME coupling (P2M2). The magneto-electric coupling measurement also suggests that strain mediated domain coupling between the ferroelectric and magnetic ordering is responsible for the magneto-electric behaviour. The obtained value of direct ME coefficient 26.78 mV/cm-Oe for Φ = 0.3, found to be higher than the well-known single-phase materials and polycrystalline composites.
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Gradauskaite E, Meisenheimer P, Müller M, Heron J, Trassin M. Multiferroic heterostructures for spintronics. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFor next-generation technology, magnetic systems are of interest due to the natural ability to store information and, through spin transport, propagate this information for logic functions. Controlling the magnetization state through currents has proven energy inefficient. Multiferroic thin-film heterostructures, combining ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders, hold promise for energy efficient electronics. The electric field control of magnetic order is expected to reduce energy dissipation by 2–3 orders of magnitude relative to the current state-of-the-art. The coupling between electrical and magnetic orders in multiferroic and magnetoelectric thin-film heterostructures relies on interfacial coupling though magnetic exchange or mechanical strain and the correlation between domains in adjacent functional ferroic layers. We review the recent developments in electrical control of magnetism through artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures, domain imprint, emergent physics and device paradigms for magnetoelectric logic, neuromorphic devices, and hybrid magnetoelectric/spin-current-based applications. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of experiments that probe the crucial dynamics of the magnetoelectric switching and optical tuning of ferroelectric states towards all-optical control of magnetoelectric switching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gradauskaite
- Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , Zurich , 8093 Switzerland
| | - Peter Meisenheimer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 USA
| | - Marvin Müller
- Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , Zurich , 8093 Switzerland
| | - John Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 USA
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , Zurich , 8093 Switzerland
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6
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The Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel-Derived SrTiO3-BiMnO3 Solid Solutions. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the aqueous sol-gel method was employed for the synthesis of (1−x)SrTiO3-xBiMnO3 solid solutions. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase perovskites with a cubic structure up to x = 0.3. A further increase of the BiMnO3 content led to the formation of a negligible amount of neighboring Mn3O4 impurity, along with the major perovskite phase. Infrared (FT-IR) analysis of the synthesized specimens showed gradual spectral change associated with the superposition effect of Mn-O and Ti-O bond lengths. By introducing BiMnO3 into the SrTiO3 crystal structure, the size of the grains increased drastically, which was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Magnetization studies revealed that all solid solutions containing the BiMnO3 component can be characterized as paramagnetic materials. It was observed that magnetization values clearly correlate with the chemical composition of powders, and the gradual increase of the BiMnO3 content resulted in noticeably higher magnetization values.
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Henrichs LF, Mu X, Scherer T, Gerhards U, Schuppler S, Nagel P, Merz M, Kübel C, Fawey MH, Hansen TC, Hahn H. First-time synthesis of a magnetoelectric core-shell composite via conventional solid-state reaction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15677-15686. [PMID: 32729860 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multiferroics and magnetoelectrics have demonstrated their potential for a variety of applications. However, no magnetoelectric material has been translated to a real application yet. Here, we report for the first time that a magnetoelectric core-shell ceramic, is synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction, where core-shell grains form during a single sintering step. The core consists of ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4, which is surrounded by a ferroelectric shell consisting of (BiFeO3)x-(Bi1/2K1/2TiO3)1-x. We establish the core-shell nature of these grains by transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) and find an epitaxial crystallographic relation between core and shell, with a lattice mismatch of 6 ± 0.7%. The core-shell grains exhibit exceptional magnetoelectric coupling effects that we attribute to the epitaxial connection between the magnetic and ferroelectric phase, which also leads to magnetic exchange coupling as demonstrated by neutron diffraction. Apparently, ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 cores undergo a non-centrosymmetric distortion of the crystal structure upon epitaxial strain from the shell, which leads to simultaneous ferrimagnetism and piezoelectricity. We conclude that in situ core-shell ceramics offer a number of advantages over other magnetoelectric composites, such as lower leakage current, higher density and absence of substrate clamping effects. At the same time, the material is predestined for application, since its preparation is cost-effective and only requires a single sintering step. This discovery adds a promising new perspective for the application of magnetoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard F Henrichs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiaoke Mu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Torsten Scherer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uta Gerhards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuppler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nagel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Merz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany and Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 32, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mohammed H Fawey
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. and Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Thomas C Hansen
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Horst Hahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. and Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 32, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Castro N, Fernandes MM, Ribeiro C, Correia V, Minguez R, Lanceros-Méndez S. Magnetic Bioreactor for Magneto-, Mechano- and Electroactive Tissue Engineering Strategies. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3340. [PMID: 32545551 PMCID: PMC7349750 DOI: 10.3390/s20123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic bioreactor systems are increasingly being developed for tissue engineering applications, due to their ability to recreate the native cell/tissue microenvironment. Regarding bone-related diseases and considering the piezoelectric nature of bone, piezoelectric scaffolds electromechanically stimulated by a bioreactor, providing the stimuli to the cells, allows a biomimetic approach and thus, mimicking the required microenvironment for effective growth and differentiation of bone cells. In this work, a bioreactor has been designed and built allowing to magnetically stimulate magnetoelectric scaffolds and therefore provide mechanical and electrical stimuli to the cells through magnetomechanical or magnetoelectrical effects, depending on the piezoelectric nature of the scaffold. While mechanical bioreactors need direct application of the stimuli on the scaffolds, the herein proposed magnetic bioreactors allow for a remote stimulation without direct contact with the material. Thus, the stimuli application (23 mT at a frequency of 0.3 Hz) to cells seeded on the magnetoelectric, leads to an increase in cell viability of almost 30% with respect to cell culture under static conditions. This could be valuable to mimic what occurs in the human body and for application in immobilized patients. Thus, special emphasis has been placed on the control, design and modeling parameters governing the bioreactor as well as its functional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Castro
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Margarida M. Fernandes
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vítor Correia
- Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rikardo Minguez
- Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Evans DM, Garcia V, Meier D, Bibes M. Domains and domain walls in multiferroics. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMultiferroics are materials combining several ferroic orders, such as ferroelectricity, ferro- (or antiferro-) magnetism, ferroelasticity and ferrotoroidicity. They are of interest both from a fundamental perspective, as they have multiple (coupled) non-linear functional responses providing a veritable myriad of correlated phenomena, and because of the opportunity to apply these functionalities for new device applications. One application is, for instance, in non-volatile memory, which has led to special attention being devoted to ferroelectric and magnetic multiferroics. The vision is to combine the low writing power of ferroelectric information with the easy, non-volatile reading of magnetic information to give a “best of both worlds” computer memory. For this to be realised, the two ferroic orders need to be intimately linked via the magnetoelectric effect. The magnetoelectric coupling – the way polarization and magnetization interact – is manifested by the formation and interactions of domains and domain walls, and so to understand how to engineer future devices one must first understand the interactions of domains and domain walls. In this article, we provide a short introduction to the domain formation in ferroelectrics and ferromagnets, as well as different microscopy techniques that enable the visualization of such domains. We then review the recent research on multiferroic domains and domain walls, including their manipulation and intriguing properties, such as enhanced conductivity and anomalous magnetic order. Finally, we discuss future perspectives concerning the field of multiferroic domain walls and emergent topological structures such as ferroelectric vortices and skyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vincent Garcia
- CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Physique, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Manuel Bibes
- CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Physique, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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Long J, Ivanov MS, Khomchenko VA, Mamontova E, Thibaud JM, Rouquette J, Beaudhuin M, Granier D, Ferreira RAS, Carlos LD, Donnadieu B, Henriques MSC, Paixão JA, Guari Y, Larionova J. Room temperature magnetoelectric coupling in a molecular ferroelectric ytterbium(III) complex. Science 2020; 367:671-676. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) materials combine magnetic and electric polarizabilities in the same phase, offering a basis for developing high-density data storage and spintronic or low-consumption devices owing to the possibility of triggering one property with the other. Such applications require strong interaction between the constitutive properties, a criterion that is rarely met in classical inorganic ME materials at room temperature. We provide evidence of a strong ME coupling in a paramagnetic ferroelectric lanthanide coordination complex with magnetostrictive phenomenon. The properties of this molecular material suggest that it may be competitive with inorganic magnetoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Long
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Maxim S. Ivanov
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ekaterina Mamontova
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Thibaud
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jérôme Rouquette
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mickaël Beaudhuin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Granier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Rute A. S. Ferreira
- Physics Department and CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis D. Carlos
- Physics Department and CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Fédération de Recherche Chimie Balard–FR3105, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - José António Paixão
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yannick Guari
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Joulia Larionova
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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11
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Liu C, An F, Gharavi PSM, Lu Q, Zha J, Chen C, Wang L, Zhan X, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Qu K, Yao J, Ou Y, Zhao Z, Zhong X, Zhang D, Valanoor N, Chen L, Zhu T, Chen D, Zhai X, Gao P, Jia T, Xie S, Zhong G, Li J. Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:84-91. [PMID: 34692020 PMCID: PMC8289034 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi(1-y)/2Fe y Mg(1-y)/2O3-(x)CaTiO3 (BTFM-CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μB/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7-3.0 × 10-7 s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM-CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Feng An
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Paria S M Gharavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qinwen Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junkun Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhan
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Zedong Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Ke Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junxiang Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Yun Ou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiangli Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Dongwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Nagarajan Valanoor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Shuhong Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
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12
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Strkalj N, Gradauskaite E, Nordlander J, Trassin M. Design and Manipulation of Ferroic Domains in Complex Oxide Heterostructures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3108. [PMID: 31554210 PMCID: PMC6803956 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current burst of device concepts based on nanoscale domain-control in magnetically and electrically ordered systems motivates us to review the recent development in the design of domain engineered oxide heterostructures. The improved ability to design and control advanced ferroic domain architectures came hand in hand with major advances in investigation capacity of nanoscale ferroic states. The new avenues offered by prototypical multiferroic materials, in which electric and magnetic orders coexist, are expanding beyond the canonical low-energy-consuming electrical control of a net magnetization. Domain pattern inversion, for instance, holds promises of increased functionalities. In this review, we first describe the recent development in the creation of controlled ferroelectric and multiferroic domain architectures in thin films and multilayers. We then present techniques for probing the domain state with a particular focus on non-invasive tools allowing the determination of buried ferroic states. Finally, we discuss the switching events and their domain analysis, providing critical insight into the evolution of device concepts involving multiferroic thin films and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Strkalj
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elzbieta Gradauskaite
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Nordlander
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Gruverman A, Alexe M, Meier D. Piezoresponse force microscopy and nanoferroic phenomena. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1661. [PMID: 30971688 PMCID: PMC6458164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its inception more than 25 years ago, Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) has become one of the mainstream techniques in the field of nanoferroic materials. This review describes the evolution of PFM from an imaging technique to a set of advanced methods, which have played a critical role in launching new areas of ferroic research, such as multiferroic devices and domain wall nanoelectronics. The paper reviews the impact of advanced PFM modes concerning the discovery and scientific understanding of novel nanoferroic phenomena and discusses challenges associated with the correct interpretation of PFM data. In conclusion, it offers an outlook for future trends and developments in PFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7034, Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Pronounced and reversible modulation of the piezoelectric coefficients by a low magnetic field in a magnetoelectric PZT-5%Fe 3O 4 system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2178. [PMID: 30778121 PMCID: PMC6379417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite magnetoelectric compounds that combine ferroelectricity/piezoelectricity and ferromagnetism/magnetostriction are investigated intensively for room-temperature applications. Here, we studied bulk composites of a magnetostrictive constituent, ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, homogeneously embedded in a ferroelectric/piezoelectric matrix, Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT). Specifically, we focused on PZT-5%Fe3O4 samples which are strongly insulating and thus sustain a relatively high out-of-plane external electric field, Eex,z. The in-plane strain-electric field curve (S(Eex,z)) was carefully recorded upon successive application and removal of an out-of-plane external magnetic field, Hex,z. The obtained S(Eex,z) data exhibited two main features. First, the respective in-plane piezoelectric coefficients, d(Eex,z) = 200–250 pm/V, show a dramatic decrease, 50–60%, upon application of a relatively low Hex,z = 1 kOe. Second, the process is completely reversible since the initial value of d(Eex,z) is recovered upon removal of Hex,z. Polarization data, P(Eex,z), evidenced that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles introduced static structural disorder that made PZT harder. Taken together, these results prove that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, except for static structural disorder, introduce reconfigurable magnetic disorder that modifies the in-plane S(Eex,z) curve and the accompanying d(Eex,z) of PZT when an external magnetic field is applied at will. The room-temperature feasibility of these findings renders the PZT-x%Fe3O4 system a solid basis for the development of magnetic-field-controlled PE devices.
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15
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Xu C, Zhang AL, Feng Z, Lu W, Kang B, Zhang J, Ge JY, Cao S. Spin–orbit coupling in magnetoelectric Ba 3(Zn 1−xCo x) 2Fe 24O 41 hexaferrites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25826-25837. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Z-type hexaferrites Ba3(Zn1−xCox)2Fe24O41 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, defined as Z1–Z4) were synthesized by a sol–gel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - An-Lei Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Zhenjie Feng
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Wenlai Lu
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Baojuan Kang
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Jincang Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Jun-Yi Ge
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Shixun Cao
- Department of Physics
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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16
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Nhalil H, Whiteside VR, Sellers IR, Ming W, Du MH, Saparov B. Synthesis, crystal and electronic structures and optical properties of (HIm)2Hg3Cl8 and (HIm)HgI3 (HIm = imidazolium). J SOLID STATE CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Poddar S, de Sa P, Cai R, Delannay L, Nysten B, Piraux L, Jonas AM. Room-Temperature Magnetic Switching of the Electric Polarization in Ferroelectric Nanopillars. ACS NANO 2018; 12:576-584. [PMID: 29298391 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric layers with a strong coupling between ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism offer attractive opportunities for the design of new device architectures such as dual-channel memory and multiresponsive sensors and actuators. However, materials in which a magnetic field can switch an electric polarization are extremely rare, work most often only at very low temperatures, and/or comprise complex materials difficult to integrate. Here, we show that magnetostriction and flexoelectricity can be harnessed to strongly couple electric polarization and magnetism in a regularly nanopatterned magnetic metal/ferroelectric polymer layer, to the point that full reversal of the electric polarization can occur at room temperature by the sole application of a magnetic field. Experiments supported by finite element simulations demonstrate that magnetostriction produces large strain gradients at the base of the ferroelectric nanopillars in the magnetoelectric hybrid layer, translating by flexoelectricity into equivalent electric fields larger than the coercive field of the ferroelectric polymer. Our study shows that flexoelectricity can be advantageously used to create a very strong magnetoelectric coupling in a nanopatterned hybrid layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Poddar
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Pedro de Sa
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Ronggang Cai
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Laurent Delannay
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Luc Piraux
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
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18
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Kuzmenko AM, Szaller D, Kain T, Dziom V, Weymann L, Shuvaev A, Pimenov A, Mukhin AA, Ivanov VY, Gudim IA, Bezmaternykh LN, Pimenov A. Switching of Magnons by Electric and Magnetic Fields in Multiferroic Borates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:027203. [PMID: 29376713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.027203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electric manipulation of magnetic properties is a key problem of materials research. To fulfill the requirements of modern electronics, these processes must be shifted to high frequencies. In multiferroic materials, this may be achieved by electric and magnetic control of their fundamental excitations. Here we identify magnetic vibrations in multiferroic iron borates that are simultaneously sensitive to external electric and magnetic fields. Nearly 100% modulation of the terahertz radiation in an external field is demonstrated for SmFe_{3}(BO_{3})_{4}. High sensitivity can be explained by a modification of the spin orientation that controls the excitation conditions in multiferroic borates. These experiments demonstrate the possibility to alter terahertz magnetic properties of materials independently by external electric and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kuzmenko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Szaller
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Th Kain
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Dziom
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Weymann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Shuvaev
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Pimenov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A A Mukhin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Ivanov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Gudim
- L. V. Kirensky Institute of Physics Siberian Branch of RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - L N Bezmaternykh
- L. V. Kirensky Institute of Physics Siberian Branch of RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A Pimenov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Direct atomic scale determination of magnetic ion partition in a room temperature multiferroic material. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1737. [PMID: 28496096 PMCID: PMC5431865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-layer Aurivillius phase Bi6TixFeyMnzO18 system is a rare example of a single-phase room temperature multiferroic material. To optimise its properties and exploit it for future memory storage applications, it is necessary to understand the origin of the room temperature magnetisation. In this work we use high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, EDX and EELS to discover how closely-packed Ti/Mn/Fe cations of similar atomic number are arranged, both within the perfect structure and within defect regions. Direct evidence for partitioning of the magnetic cations (Mn and Fe) to the central three of the five perovskite (PK) layers is presented, which reveals a marked preference for Mn to partition to the central layer. We infer this is most probably due to elastic strain energy considerations. The observed increase (>8%) in magnetic cation content at the central PK layers engenders up to a 90% increase in potential ferromagnetic spin alignments in the central layer and this could be significant in terms of creating pathways to the long-range room temperature magnetic order observed in this distinct and intriguing material system.
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20
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Cai R, Antohe VA, Hu Z, Nysten B, Piraux L, Jonas AM. Multiferroic Nanopatterned Hybrid Material with Room-Temperature Magnetic Switching of the Electric Polarization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604604. [PMID: 27918116 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A nanopatterned hybrid layer is designed, wherein the electric polarization can be flipped at room temperature by a magnetic field aided by an electrical field. This is achieved by embedding ferromagnetic nanopillars in a continuous organic ferroelectric layer, and amplifying the magnetostriction-generated stress gradients by scaling down the supracrystalline cell of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Cai
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vlad-Andrei Antohe
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Luc Piraux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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21
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Fernández-Posada CM, Castro A, Kiat JM, Porcher F, Peña O, Algueró M, Amorín H. A novel perovskite oxide chemically designed to show multiferroic phase boundary with room-temperature magnetoelectricity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12772. [PMID: 27677353 PMCID: PMC5052705 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing activity in the search of novel single-phase multiferroics that could finally provide distinctive magnetoelectric responses at room temperature, for they would enable a range of potentially disruptive technologies, making use of the ability of controlling polarization with a magnetic field or magnetism with an electric one (for example, voltage-tunable spintronic devices, uncooled magnetic sensors and the long-searched magnetoelectric memory). A very promising novel material concept could be to make use of phase-change phenomena at structural instabilities of a multiferroic state. Indeed, large phase-change magnetoelectric response has been anticipated by a first-principles investigation of the perovskite BiFeO3–BiCoO3 solid solution, specifically at its morphotropic phase boundary between multiferroic polymorphs of rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetries. Here, we report a novel perovskite oxide that belongs to the BiFeO3–BiMnO3–PbTiO3 ternary system, chemically designed to present such multiferroic phase boundary with enhanced ferroelectricity and canted ferromagnetism, which shows distinctive room-temperature magnetoelectric responses. Structural change at multiferroic phase boundary is anticipated to have an associated large magnetoelectric response, which yet awaits to be evidenced. Here, Fernández-Posada et al. report electric field-induced phase change for a BiFeO3–BiMnO3–PbTiO3 solid solution with distinctive magnetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Castro
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC. Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Kiat
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, Associé au CNRS (UMR8580), Ecole Centrale Paris, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA/Saclay, 91991 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Florence Porcher
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA/Saclay, 91991 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Octavio Peña
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Associé au CNRS (UMR 6226), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Miguel Algueró
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC. Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Harvey Amorín
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC. Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Schiemer JA, Lascu I, Harrison RJ, Kumar A, Katiyar RS, Sanchez DA, Ortega N, Mejia CS, Schnelle W, Shinohara H, Heap AJF, Nagaratnam R, Dutton SE, Scott JF, Nair B, Mathur ND, Carpenter MA. Elastic and anelastic relaxation behaviour of perovskite multiferroics II: PbZr 0.53Ti 0.47O 3 (PZT)-PbFe 0.5Ta 0.5O 3 (PFT). JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016; 52:285-304. [PMID: 27829689 PMCID: PMC5076019 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-016-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastic and anelastic properties of ceramic samples of multiferroic perovskites with nominal compositions across the binary join PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3-PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 (PZT-PFT) have been assembled to create a binary phase diagram and to address the role of strain relaxation associated with their phase transitions. Structural relationships are similar to those observed previously for PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3-PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 (PZT-PFN), but the magnitude of the tetragonal shear strain associated with the ferroelectric order parameter appears to be much smaller. This leads to relaxor character for the development of ferroelectric properties in the end member PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3. As for PZT-PFN, there appear to be two discrete instabilities rather than simply a reorientation of the electric dipole in the transition sequence cubic-tetragonal-monoclinic, and the second transition has characteristics typical of an improper ferroelastic. At intermediate compositions, the ferroelastic microstructure has strain heterogeneities on a mesoscopic length scale and, probably, also on a microscopic scale. This results in a wide anelastic freezing interval for strain-related defects rather than the freezing of discrete twin walls that would occur in a conventional ferroelastic material. In PFT, however, the acoustic loss behaviour more nearly resembles that due to freezing of conventional ferroelastic twin walls. Precursor softening of the shear modulus in both PFT and PFN does not fit with a Vogel-Fulcher description, but in PFT there is a temperature interval where the softening conforms to a power law suggestive of the role of fluctuations of the order parameter with dispersion along one branch of the Brillouin zone. Magnetic ordering appears to be coupled only weakly with a volume strain and not with shear strain but, as with multiferroic PZT-PFN perovskites, takes place within crystals which have significant strain heterogeneities on different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Schiemer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - I. Lascu
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - R. J. Harrison
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - A. Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - R. S. Katiyar
- Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR 00931-3334 USA
| | - D. A. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR 00931-3334 USA
| | - N. Ortega
- Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR 00931-3334 USA
| | - C. Salazar Mejia
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - W. Schnelle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - H. Shinohara
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - A. J. F. Heap
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - R. Nagaratnam
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - S. E. Dutton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - J. F. Scott
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS UK
| | - B. Nair
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK
| | - N. D. Mathur
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK
| | - M. A. Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
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23
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Retuerto M, Skiadopoulou S, Li MR, Abakumov AM, Croft M, Ignatov A, Sarkar T, Abbett BM, Pokorný J, Savinov M, Nuzhnyy D, Prokleška J, Abeykoon M, Stephens PW, Hodges JP, Vaněk P, Fennie CJ, Rabe KM, Kamba S, Greenblatt M. Pb2MnTeO6 Double Perovskite: An Antipolar Anti-ferromagnet. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4320-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Retuerto
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Stella Skiadopoulou
- Institute
of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Man-Rong Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
- Chemistry
Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark. Croft
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Alexander Ignatov
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tapati Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Brian M. Abbett
- Department
of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jan Pokorný
- Institute
of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Maxim Savinov
- Institute
of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Nuzhnyy
- Institute
of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prokleška
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Milinda Abeykoon
- Photon
Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States
| | - Peter W Stephens
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794 United States
| | - Jason P. Hodges
- Spallation
Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Přemysl Vaněk
- Institute
of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Craig J. Fennie
- Department
of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Karin M. Rabe
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Stanislav Kamba
- Institute
of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martha Greenblatt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Saparov B, Mitzi DB. Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Structural Versatility for Functional Materials Design. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4558-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1733] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayrammurad Saparov
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90300 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0300, United States
| | - David B. Mitzi
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90300 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0300, United States
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25
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Ribeiro C, Correia V, Martins P, Gama F, Lanceros-Mendez S. Proving the suitability of magnetoelectric stimuli for tissue engineering applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:430-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Reversible Control by Light of the High-Spin Low-Spin Elastic Interface inside the Bistable Region of a Robust Spin-Transition Single Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Sy M, Garrot D, Slimani A, Páez-Espejo M, Varret F, Boukheddaden K. Reversible Control by Light of the High-Spin Low-Spin Elastic Interface inside the Bistable Region of a Robust Spin-Transition Single Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1755-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamadou Sy
- Groupe d'Etudes de la Matière Condensée; CNRS-Université de Versailles; Université Paris Saclay; 45 Avenue des Etats Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Damien Garrot
- Groupe d'Etudes de la Matière Condensée; CNRS-Université de Versailles; Université Paris Saclay; 45 Avenue des Etats Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Ahmed Slimani
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Ferroélectriques; Département de Physique; Faculté des Sciences de Sfax; Route de Soukra km 3.5 BP 1171 3018 SFax Tunisia
| | - Miguel Páez-Espejo
- Groupe d'Etudes de la Matière Condensée; CNRS-Université de Versailles; Université Paris Saclay; 45 Avenue des Etats Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - François Varret
- Groupe d'Etudes de la Matière Condensée; CNRS-Université de Versailles; Université Paris Saclay; 45 Avenue des Etats Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Kamel Boukheddaden
- Groupe d'Etudes de la Matière Condensée; CNRS-Université de Versailles; Université Paris Saclay; 45 Avenue des Etats Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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28
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Ortega N, Kumar A, Scott JF, Katiyar RS. Multifunctional magnetoelectric materials for device applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:504002. [PMID: 26613287 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/50/504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade magnetoelectric (ME) mutiferroic (MF) materials and their devices are one of the highest priority research topics that has been investigated by the scientific ferroics community to develop the next generation of novel multifunctional materials. These systems show the simultaneous existence of two or more ferroic orders, and cross-coupling between them, such as magnetic spin, polarisation, ferroelastic ordering, and ferrotoroidicity. Based on the type of ordering and coupling, they have drawn increasing interest for a variety of device applications, such as magnetic field sensors, nonvolatile memory elements, ferroelectric photovoltaics, nano-electronics etc. Since single-phase materials exist rarely in nature with strong cross-coupling properties, intensive research activity is being pursued towards the discovery of new single-phase multiferroic materials and the design of new engineered materials with strong magneto-electric (ME) coupling. This review article summarises the development of different kinds of multiferroic material: single-phase and composite ceramic, laminated composite and nanostructured thin films. Thin-film nanostructures have higher magnitude direct ME coupling values and clear evidence of indirect ME coupling compared with bulk materials. Promising ME coupling coefficients have been reported in laminated composite materials in which the signal to noise ratio is good for device fabrication. We describe the possible applications of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ortega
- Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3343 USA
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29
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Scott JF. Folding catastrophes due to viscosity in multiferroic domains: implications for room-temperature multiferroic switching. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:492001. [PMID: 26575273 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/49/492001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Unusual domains with curved walls and failure to satisfy the Landau-Lifshitz-Kittel Law are modeled as folding catastrophes (saddle-node bifurcations). This description of ballistic motion in a viscous medium is based upon early work by Dawber et al 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 436. It suggests that ferroelectric films can exhibit folds or vortex patterns but not both.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Scott
- School of Chemistry and School of Physics and Astronomy, St. Andrews University, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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30
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Evans DM, Alexe M, Schilling A, Kumar A, Sanchez D, Ortega N, Katiyar RS, Scott JF, Gregg JM. The nature of magnetoelectric coupling in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 -Pb(Fe,Ta)O3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6068-6073. [PMID: 26351267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between magnetization and polarization in a room temperature multiferroic (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 -Pb(Fe,Ta)O3 ) is explored by monitoring the changes in capacitance that occur when a magnetic field is applied in each of three orthogonal directions. Magnetocapacitance effects, consistent with P(2) M(2) coupling, are strongest when fields are applied in the plane of the single crystal sheet investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Evans
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alina Schilling
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ashok Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dilsom Sanchez
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA
| | - Nora Ortega
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA
| | - Ram S Katiyar
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA
| | - James F Scott
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - J Marty Gregg
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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Mandal P, Pitcher MJ, Alaria J, Niu H, Borisov P, Stamenov P, Claridge JB, Rosseinsky MJ. Designing switchable polarization and magnetization at room temperature in an oxide. Nature 2015; 525:363-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carpenter MA, Schiemer JA, Lascu I, Harrison RJ, Kumar A, Katiyar RS, Ortega N, Sanchez DA, Mejia CS, Schnelle W, Echizen M, Shinohara H, Heap AJF, Nagaratnam R, Dutton SE, Scott JF. Elastic and magnetoelastic relaxation behaviour of multiferroic (ferromagnetic + ferroelectric + ferroelastic) Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 perovskite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:285901. [PMID: 26125192 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/28/285901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy has been used to characterize elastic and anelastic anomalies in a polycrystalline sample of multiferroic Pb(Fe(0.5)Nb(0.5))O(3) (PFN). Elastic softening begins at ~550 K, which is close to the Burns temperature marking the development of dynamical polar nanoregions. A small increase in acoustic loss at ~425 K coincides with the value of T(*) reported for polar nanoregions starting to acquire a static or quasi-static component. Softening of the shear modulus by ~30-35% through ~395-320 K, together with a peak in acoustic loss, is due to classical strain/order parameter coupling through the cubic → tetragonal → monoclinic transition sequence of ferroelectric/ferroelastic transitions. A plateau of high acoustic loss below ~320 K is due to the mobility under stress of a ferroelastic microstructure but, instead of the typical effects of freezing of twin wall motion at some low temperature, there is a steady decrease in loss and increase in elastic stiffness below ~85 K. This is attributed to freezing of a succession of strain-coupled defects with a range of relaxation times and is consistent with a report in the literature that PFN develops a tweed microstructure over a wide temperature interval. No overt anomaly was observed near the expected Néel point, ~145 K, consistent with weak/absent spin/lattice coupling but heat capacity measurements showed that the antiferromagnetic transition is actually smeared out or suppressed. Instead, the sample is weakly ferromagnetic up to ~560 K, though it has not been possible to exclude definitively the possibility that this could be due to some magnetic impurity. Overall, evidence from the RUS data is of a permeating influence of static and dynamic strain relaxation effects which are attributed to local strain heterogeneity on a mesoscopic length scale. These, in turn, must have a role in determining the magnetic properties and multiferroic character of PFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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Carpenter MA. Static and dynamic strain coupling behaviour of ferroic and multiferroic perovskites from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:263201. [PMID: 26053377 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/26/263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) provides a window on the pervasive influence of strain coupling at phase transitions in perovskites through determination of elastic and anelastic relaxations across wide temperature intervals and with the application of external fields. In particular, large variations of elastic constants occur at structural, ferroelectric and electronic transitions and, because of the relatively long interaction length provided by strain fields in a crystal, Landau theory provides an effective formal framework for characterizing their form and magnitude. At the same time, the Debye equations provide a robust description of dynamic relaxational processes involving the mobility of defects which are coupled with strain. Improper ferroelastic transitions driven by octahedral tilting in KMnF3, LaAlO3, (Ca,Sr)TiO3, Sr(Ti,Zr)O3 and BaCeO3 are accompanied by elastic softening of tens of % and characteristic patterns of acoustic loss due to the mobility of twin walls. RUS data for ferroelectrics and ferroelectric relaxors, including BaTiO3, (K,Na)NbO3,Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN), Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 (PST), (Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3)0.955(PbTiO3)0.045 (PZN-PT) and (Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3)0.26(Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3)0.44(PbTiO3)0.30 (PIN-PMN-PT) show similar patterns of softening and attenuation but also have precursor softening associated with the development of polar nano regions. Defect-induced ferroelectricity occurs in KTaO3, without the development of long range ordering. By way of contrast, spin-lattice coupling is much more variable in strength, as reflected in a greater range of softening behaviour for Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 and Sm0.6Y0.4MnO3 as well as for the multiferroic perovskites EuTiO3,BiFeO3, Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3, Bi0.9Nd0.1FeO3, (BiFeO3)0.64(CaFeO2.5)0.36, (Pb(Fe0.5Ti0.5)O3)0.4(Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3)0.6. A characteristic feature of transitions in which there is a significant Jahn-Teller component is softening as the transition point is approached from above, as illustrated by PrAlO3, and this is suppressed by application of an external magnetic field in the colossal magnetoresistive manganite Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 or by reducing grain size in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3. Spin state transitions for Co(3+) in LaCoO3, NdCoO3 and GdCoO3 produce changes in the shear modulus that scale with a spin state order parameter, which is itself coupled with the order parameter(s) for octahedral tilting in a linear-quadratic manner. A new class of phase transitions in perovskites, due to orientational or conformational ordering of organic molecules on the crystallographic A-site of metal organic frameworks, is illustrated for [(CH3)2NH2]Co(HCOO)3 and [(CH2)3NH2]Mn(HCOO)3 which also display elastic and anelastic anomalies due to the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic strain relaxation behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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34
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Lupascu DC, Wende H, Etier M, Nazrabi A, Anusca I, Trivedi H, Shvartsman VV, Landers J, Salamon S, Schmitz-Antoniak C. Measuring the magnetoelectric effect across scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/gamm.201510003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Ferroelectric domain wall motion induced by polarized light. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6594. [PMID: 25779918 PMCID: PMC4382678 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous and stable polarization, which can usually be reoriented by an applied external electric field. The electrically switchable nature of this polarization is at the core of various ferroelectric devices. The motion of the associated domain walls provides the basis for ferroelectric memory, in which the storage of data bits is achieved by driving domain walls that separate regions with different polarization directions. Here we show the surprising ability to move ferroelectric domain walls of a BaTiO3 single crystal by varying the polarization angle of a coherent light source. This unexpected coupling between polarized light and ferroelectric polarization modifies the stress induced in the BaTiO3 at the domain wall, which is observed using in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy. This effect potentially leads to the non-contact remote control of ferroelectric domain walls by light. Domain walls between ferroelectric domains are of interest for ferroelectric memory and to achieve a better control of the switching process. Here, the authors induce the motion of ferroelectric domains by light, creating a new possibility to control ferroelectrics.
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36
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Yan F, Xing G, Wang R, Li L. Tailoring surface phase transition and magnetic behaviors in BiFeO3 via doping engineering. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9128. [PMID: 25774619 PMCID: PMC4360736 DOI: 10.1038/srep09128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The charge-spin interactions in multiferroic materials (e.g., BiFeO3) have attracted enormous attention due to their high potential for next generation information electronics. However, the weak and deficient manipulation of charge-spin coupling notoriously limits their commercial applications. To tailor the spontaneous charge and the spin orientation synergistically in BiFeO3 (BFO), in this report, the 3d element of Mn doping engineering is employed and unveils the variation of surface phase transition and magnetic behaviors by introducing chemical strain. The spontaneous ferroelectric response and the corresponding domain structures, magnetic behaviors and spin dynamics in Mn-doped BFO ceramics have been investigated systematically. Both the surface phase transition and magnetization were enhanced in BFO via Mn doping. The interaction between the spontaneous polarization charge and magnetic spin reorientation in Mn-doped BFO are discussed in detail. Moreover, our extensive electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results demonstrate that the 3d dopant plays a paramount role in the surface phase transition, which provides an alternative route to tune the charge-spin interactions in multiferroic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. 02138, USA
| | - Guozhong Xing
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Rongming Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL. 35408
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37
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Pitcher MJ, Mandal P, Dyer MS, Alaria J, Borisov P, Niu H, Claridge JB, Rosseinsky MJ. Magnetic materials. Tilt engineering of spontaneous polarization and magnetization above 300 K in a bulk layered perovskite. Science 2015; 347:420-4. [PMID: 25613888 DOI: 10.1126/science.1262118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline materials that combine electrical polarization and magnetization could be advantageous in applications such as information storage, but these properties are usually considered to have incompatible chemical bonding and electronic requirements. Recent theoretical work on perovskite materials suggested a route for combining both properties. We used crystal chemistry to engineer specific atomic displacements in a layered perovskite, (Ca(y)Sr(1- y))(1.15)Tb(1.85)Fe2O7, that change its symmetry and simultaneously generate electrical polarization and magnetization above room temperature. The two resulting properties are magnetoelectrically coupled as they arise from the same displacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pitcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Pranab Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Matthew S Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Jonathan Alaria
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Pavel Borisov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Hongjun Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - John B Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Matthew J Rosseinsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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38
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Abstract
A liquid metal circuit board is used to create a stretchable power system including embedded components and an inductor coil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Lazarus
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate
- US Army Research Laboratory
- Adelphi MD 20783
- USA
| | - C. D. Meyer
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate
- US Army Research Laboratory
- Adelphi MD 20783
- USA
| | - W. J. Turner
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA 32611
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39
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Deterministic switching of ferromagnetism at room temperature using an electric field. Nature 2014; 516:370-3. [PMID: 25519134 DOI: 10.1038/nature14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The technological appeal of multiferroics is the ability to control magnetism with electric field. For devices to be useful, such control must be achieved at room temperature. The only single-phase multiferroic material exhibiting unambiguous magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature is BiFeO3 (refs 4 and 5). Its weak ferromagnetism arises from the canting of the antiferromagnetically aligned spins by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. Prior theory considered the symmetry of the thermodynamic ground state and concluded that direct 180-degree switching of the DM vector by the ferroelectric polarization was forbidden. Instead, we examined the kinetics of the switching process, something not considered previously in theoretical work. Here we show a deterministic reversal of the DM vector and canted moment using an electric field at room temperature. First-principles calculations reveal that the switching kinetics favours a two-step switching process. In each step the DM vector and polarization are coupled and 180-degree deterministic switching of magnetization hence becomes possible, in agreement with experimental observation. We exploit this switching to demonstrate energy-efficient control of a spin-valve device at room temperature. The energy per unit area required is approximately an order of magnitude less than that needed for spin-transfer torque switching. Given that the DM interaction is fundamental to single-phase multiferroics and magnetoelectrics, our results suggest ways to engineer magnetoelectric switching and tailor technologically pertinent functionality for nanometre-scale, low-energy-consumption, non-volatile magnetoelectronics.
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40
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Perks NJ, Zhang Z, Harrison RJ, Carpenter MA. Strain relaxation mechanisms of elastic softening and twin wall freezing associated with structural phase transitions in (Ca,Sr)TiO3 perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:505402. [PMID: 25419742 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/50/505402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy has been used to measure the bulk modulus (K), shearmodulus (G) and acoustic dissipation of polycrystalline perovskite samples across theCaTiO(3)–SrTiO(3) solid solution in the temperature range ∼10–1350 K. A remarkable pattern of up to ∼25% softening of G as a function of both temperature and composition is due to coupling of shear strain with order parameters for the Pm3m ↔ I 4/mcm, I 4/mcm↔Pnmaand I 4/mcm↔Pbcm transitions. Anomalies in K associated with the phase transitions are small, consistent with only weak coupling of octahedral tilting order parameter(s) with volume strain. A change from tricritical character for the Pm3m ↔ I 4/mcm transition towards second order character at Sr-rich compositions appears to be due to changing properties of the soft optic mode rather than to changes in magnitude of strain/order parameter coupling coefficients. Precursor softening of G ahead of the Pm3m ↔ I 4/mcm transition, due tof luctuations or clustering, occurs over a temperature interval of up to ∼200 K, and also changes character at the most Sr-rich compositions. The tetragonal structure with Sr-rich compositions is characterized by additional softening with falling temperature which is most likely related to the proximity of a ferroelectric instability. The I 4/mcm↔Pnma transition is accompanied by stiffening, which is attributed to the effects of strong coupling between order parameters for M-point and R-point tilting. The pattern of attenuation at RUS frequencies in the tetragonal phase can be understood in terms of the mobility of twin walls which be come pinned below ∼500 K, and the loss mechanism most likely involves local bowing of the walls by lateral motion of ledges rather than the advance and retraction of needle tips. Twin wall mobility is suppressed in the orthorhombic structure.
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Zhao HJ, Yang Y, Ren W, Mao AJ, Chen XM, Bellaiche L. Creating multiferroics with large tunable electrical polarization from paraelectric rare-earth orthoferrites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:472201. [PMID: 25345407 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/472201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quest for materials possessing both a magnetic ordering temperature above room temperature and a large electrical polarization is an important research direction in order to design novel spintronic and memory devices. Up to now, BiFeO3 and related systems are the only known compounds simultaneously possessing such characteristics. Here, first-principles calculations predict that another family of materials, namely epitaxial films made of rare-earth orthoferrites (RFeO3), can also exhibit such desired features. As a matter of fact, applying a large enough strain to these compounds, which are nominally paraelectric and have a high magnetic transition temperature, is predicted to render them ferroelectric, and thus multiferroic. At high compressive strain, the resulting ferroelectric phase of RFeO3 systems having large rare-earth ions is even a tetragonal state characterized by a giant polarization and axial ratio. For large tensile strain, two striking inhomogenous ferroelectric phases--including one never observed before in any perovskite--are further predicted as having significant polarization. A multiphase boundary also occurs, which may lead to optimization of properties or unusual features. Finally, many quantities, including electrical polarization and magnetic ordering temperature, are tunable by varying the epitaxial strain and/or chemical pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jian Zhao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Hu S, Chen L, Wu Y, Yu L, Zhao X, Cao S, Zhang J, Ren W. Selected multiferroic perovskite oxides containing rare earth and transition metal elements. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Discovery of new complex oxides that exhibit both magnetic and ferroelectric properties is of great interest for the design of functional magnetoelectrics, in which research is driven by the technologically exciting prospect of controlling charges by magnetic fields and spins by applied voltages, for sensors, 4-state logic, and spintronics. Motivated by the notion of a tool-kit for complex oxide design, we developed a chemical synthesis strategy for single-phase multifunctional lattices. Here, we introduce a new class of multiferroic hollandite Ba-Mn-Ti oxides not apparent in nature. BaMn3Ti4O14.25, designated BMT-134, possesses the signature channel-like hollandite structure, contains Mn4+ and Mn3+ in a 1:1 ratio, exhibits an antiferromagnetic phase transition (TN ~ 120 K) with a weak ferromagnetic ordering at lower temperatures, ferroelectricity, a giant dielectric constant at low frequency and a stable intrinsic dielectric constant of ~200 (1-100 MHz). With evidence of correlated antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric order, the findings point to an unexplored family of structures belonging to the hollandite supergroup with multifunctional properties, and high potential for developing new magnetoelectric materials.
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Gich M, Fina I, Morelli A, Sánchez F, Alexe M, Gàzquez J, Fontcuberta J, Roig A. Multiferroic iron oxide thin films at room temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4645-52. [PMID: 24831036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic behaviour at room temperature is demonstrated in ε-Fe2 O3 . The simple composition of this new ferromagnetic ferroelectric oxide and the discovery of a robust path for its thin film growth by using suitable seed layers may boost the exploitation of ε-Fe2 O3 in novel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gich
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Winkler CR, Jablonski ML, Ashraf K, Damodaran AR, Jambunathan K, Hart JL, Wen JG, Miller DJ, Martin LW, Salahuddin S, Taheri ML. Real-time observation of local strain effects on nonvolatile ferroelectric memory storage mechanisms. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3617-3622. [PMID: 24801618 DOI: 10.1021/nl501304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We use in situ transmission electron microscopy to directly observe, at high temporal and spatial resolution, the interaction of ferroelectric domains and dislocation networks within BiFeO3 thin films. The experimental observations are compared with a phase field model constructed to simulate the dynamics of domains in the presence of dislocations and their resulting strain fields. We demonstrate that a global network of misfit dislocations at the film-substrate interface can act as nucleation sites and slow down domain propagation in the vicinity of the dislocations. Networks of individual threading dislocations emanating from the film-electrode interface play a more dramatic role in pinning domain motion. These dislocations may be responsible for the domain behavior in ferroelectric thin-film devices deviating from conventional Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi dynamics toward a Nucleation Limited Switching model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Winkler
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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46
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Near room-temperature multiferroic materials with tunable ferromagnetic and electrical properties. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4021. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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47
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Schiemer J, Carpenter MA, Evans DM, Gregg JM, Schilling A, Arredondo M, Alexe M, Sanchez D, Ortega N, Katiyar RS, Echizen M, Colliver E, Dutton S, Scott JF. Studies of the Room-Temperature Multiferroic Pb(Fe 0.5Ta 0.5) 0.4(Zr 0.53Ti 0.47) 0.6O 3: Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy, Dielectric, and Magnetic Phenomena. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:2993-3002. [PMID: 25844085 PMCID: PMC4379905 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201303492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lead iron tantalate/lead zirconium titanate (PZTFT) was demonstrated to possess large, but unreliable, magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Such large coupling would be desirable for device applications but reproducibility would also be critical. To better understand the coupling, the properties of all 3 ferroic order parameters, elastic, electric, and magnetic, believed to be present in the material across a range of temperatures, are investigated. In high temperature elastic data, an anomaly is observed at the orthorhombic mm2 to tetragonal 4mm transition, Tot = 475 K, and a softening trend is observed as the temperature is increased toward 1300 K, where the material is known to become cubic. Thermal degradation makes it impossible to measure elastic behavior up to this temperature, however. In the low temperature region, there are elastic anomalies near ≈40 K and in the range 160-245 K. The former is interpreted as being due to a magnetic ordering transition and the latter is interpreted as a hysteretic regime of mixed rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures. Electrical and magnetic data collected below room temperature show anomalies at remarkably similar temperature ranges to the elastic data. These observations are used to suggest that the three order parameters in PZTFT are strongly coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schiemer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 0EQ, UK
| | - M A Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 0EQ, UK
| | - D M Evans
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - J M Gregg
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - A Schilling
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M Arredondo
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M Alexe
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsWeinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Sanchez
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto RicoPO Box 23334, San Juan, 00931–3334, Puerto Rico
| | - N Ortega
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto RicoPO Box 23334, San Juan, 00931–3334, Puerto Rico
| | - R S Katiyar
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto RicoPO Box 23334, San Juan, 00931–3334, Puerto Rico
| | - M Echizen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - E Colliver
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - S Dutton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - J F Scott
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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Evans DM, Schilling A, Kumar A, Sanchez D, Ortega N, Katiyar RS, Scott JF, Gregg JM. Switching ferroelectric domain configurations using both electric and magnetic fields in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-Pb(Fe,Ta)O3 single-crystal lamellae. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20120450. [PMID: 24421376 PMCID: PMC3895977 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thin single-crystal lamellae cut from Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-Pb(Fe,Ta)O3 ceramic samples have been integrated into simple coplanar capacitor devices. The influence of applied electric and magnetic fields on ferroelectric domain configurations has been mapped, using piezoresponse force microscopy. The extent to which magnetic fields alter the ferroelectric domains was found to be strongly history dependent: after switching had been induced by applying electric fields, the susceptibility of the domains to change under a magnetic field (the effective magnetoelectric coupling parameter) was large. Such large, magnetic field-induced changes resulted in a remanent domain state very similar to the remanent state induced by an electric field. Subsequent magnetic field reversal induced more modest ferroelectric switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Evans
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - A. Schilling
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Physics and Institute of Multifunctional Materials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- Materials Physics and Engineering Division, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - D. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Institute of Multifunctional Materials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - N. Ortega
- Department of Physics and Institute of Multifunctional Materials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - R. S. Katiyar
- Department of Physics and Institute of Multifunctional Materials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - J. F. Scott
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - J. M. Gregg
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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Son JY, Lee JH, Song S, Shin YH, Jang HM. Four-states multiferroic memory embodied using Mn-doped BaTiO3 nanorods. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5522-5529. [PMID: 23718314 DOI: 10.1021/nn4017422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics that show simultaneous ferroic responses have received a great deal of attention by virtue of their potential for enabling new device paradigms. Here, we demonstrate a high-density four-states multiferroic memory using vertically aligned Mn-doped BaTiO3 nanorods prepared by applying the dip-pen nanolithography technique. In the present nanorods array, the polarization (P) switching by an external electric field does not influence the magnetization (M) of the nanorod owing to a negligible degree of the P-M cross-coupling. Similarly, the magnetic-field-induced M switching is unaffected by the ferroelectric polarization. On the basis of these, we are able to implement a four-states nonvolatile multiferroic memory, namely, (+P,+M), (+P,-M) ,(-P,+M), and (-P,-M) with the reliability in the P and M switching. Thus, the present work makes an important step toward the practical realization of multistate ferroic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeog Son
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 446-701, Republic of Korea
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