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Criado-Gonzalez M, Marzuoli C, Bondi L, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Tullii G, Lagonegro P, Sanz O, Cramer T, Antognazza MR, Mecerreyes D. Porous Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles as Intracellular Biophotonic Mediators to Modulate the Reactive Oxygen Species Balance. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38842262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The integration of nanotechnology with photoredox medicine has led to the emergence of biocompatible semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for the optical modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the need for efficient photoactive materials capable of finely controlling the intracellular redox status with high spatial resolution at a nontoxic light density is still largely unmet. Herein, highly photoelectrochemically efficient photoactive polymer beads are developed. The photoactive material/electrolyte interfacial area is maximized by designing porous semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (PSPNs). PSPNs are synthesized by selective hydrolysis of the polyester segments of nanoparticles made of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-graft-poly(lactic acid) (P3HT-g-PLA). The photocurrent of PSPNs is 4.5-fold higher than that of nonporous P3HT-g-PLA-SPNs, and PSPNs efficiently reduce oxygen in an aqueous environment. PSPNs are internalized within endothelial cells and optically trigger ROS generation with a >1.3-fold concentration increase with regard to nonporous P3HT-SPNs, at a light density as low as a few milliwatts per square centimeter, fully compatible with in vivo, chronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Camilla Marzuoli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Bondi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- XMaS/BM28-ESRF, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Lagonegro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Oihane Sanz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Nakamura M, Kanetani I, Gon M, Tanaka K. NIR-II Absorption/Fluorescence of D-A π-Conjugated Polymers Composed of Strong Electron Acceptors Based on Boron-Fused Azobenzene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404178. [PMID: 38525914 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) window is beneficial especially for deep tissue imaging and optical sensors because of intrinsic high permeability through various media. Strong electron-acceptors with low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are a crucial unit for donor-acceptor (D-A) π-conjugated polymers (CPs) with the NIR-II emission property, however, limited kinds of molecular skeletons are still available. Herein, D-A CPs involving fluorinated boron-fused azobenzene complexes (BAz) with enhanced electron-accepting properties are reported. Combination of fluorination at the azobenzene ligand and trifluoromethylation at the boron can effectively lower the LUMO energy level down to -4.42 eV, which is much lower than those of conventional strong electron-acceptors. The synthesized series of CPs showed excellent absorption/fluorescence property in solution over a wide NIR range including NIR-II. Furthermore, owing to the inherent solid-state emissive property of the BAz skeleton, obvious NIR-II fluorescence from the film (up to λFL=1213 nm) and the nanoparticle in water (λFL=1036 nm, brightness=up to 29 cm-1 M-1) were observed, proposing that our materials are applicable for developing next-generation of NIR-II luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ippei Kanetani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Petropoulos V, Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Mordini D, Kabacinski P, Gianneschi NC, Montalti M, Maiuri M, Cerullo G. Sub-50 fs Formation of Charge Transfer States Rules the Fate of Photoexcitations in Eumelanin-Like Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3639-3645. [PMID: 38530860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Eumelanins play a crucial role as photoprotective agents for living organisms, yet the nature of the stationary and transient species involved in the light absorption and deactivation processes remains controversial. Moreover, the critical sub-100 fs time scale, which is key to the characterization of the primary excited species, has remained unexplored. Here, we study the eumelanin analogue polydopamine (PDA) and employ a combination of steady-state and transient optical spectroscopies to reveal the presence of spectrally broad coupled electronic transitions with, at least partial, charge-transfer (CT) character. We monitor the CT state dynamics using tunable sub-20 fs pulses. We find that high photon energy excitation results in accelerated (sub-20 fs) CT formation times while activating pathways, which lead to long-lived (≫1 ns), possibly reactive CT species. On the other hand, visible light excitation results in a slower (≈45 fs) formation of bound CT states, which, however, recombine on the ultrafast sub-2 ps time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Mordini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Kabacinski
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Criado-Gonzalez M, Bondi L, Marzuoli C, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Tullii G, Ronchi C, Gabirondo E, Sardon H, Rapino S, Malferrari M, Cramer T, Antognazza MR, Mecerreyes D. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoporous Thin Films as a Tool to Regulate Intracellular ROS Balance in Endothelial Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37467460 PMCID: PMC10401575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The design of soft and nanometer-scale photoelectrodes able to stimulate and promote the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is searched for redox medicine applications. In this work, we show semiconducting polymer porous thin films with an enhanced photoelectrochemical generation of ROS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To achieve that aim, we synthesized graft copolymers, made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and degradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) segments, P3HT-g-PLA. In a second step, the hydrolysis of sacrificial PLA leads to nanometer-scale porous P3HT thin films. The pore sizes in the nm regime (220-1200 nm) were controlled by the copolymer composition and the structural arrangement of the copolymers during the film formation, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The porous P3HT thin films showed enhanced photofaradaic behavior, generating a higher concentration of ROS in comparison to non-porous P3HT films, as determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements. The exogenous ROS production was able to modulate the intracellular ROS concentration in HUVECs at non-toxic levels, thus affecting the physiological functions of cells. Results presented in this work provide an important step forward in the development of new tools for precise, on-demand, and non-invasive modulation of intracellular ROS species and may be potentially extended to many other physiological or pathological cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luca Bondi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Marzuoli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- XMaS/BM28-ESRF, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ronchi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Marin-Beloqui JM, Congrave DG, Toolan DTW, Montanaro S, Guo J, Wright IA, Clarke TM, Bronstein H, Dimitrov SD. Generating Long-Lived Triplet Excited States in Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3507-3514. [PMID: 36735862 PMCID: PMC9936540 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Narrow bandgap conjugated polymers are a heavily studied class of organic semiconductors, but their excited states usually have a very short lifetime, limiting their scope for applications. One approach to overcome the short lifetime is to populate long-lived triplet states for which relaxation to the ground state is forbidden. However, the triplet lifetime of narrow bandgap polymer films is typically limited to a few microseconds. Here, we investigated the effect of film morphology on triplet dynamics in red-emitting conjugated polymers based on the classic benzodithiophene monomer unit with the solubilizing alkyl side chains C16 and C2C6 and then used Pd porphyrin sensitization as a further strategy to change the triplet dynamics. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrated a 0.45 ms triplet lifetime for the more crystalline nonsensitized polymer C2C6, 2-3 orders of magnitude longer than typically reported, while the amorphous C16 had only a 5 μs lifetime. The increase is partly due to delaying bimolecular electron-hole recombination in the more crystalline C2C6, where a higher energy barrier for charge recombination is expected. A triplet lifetime of 0.4 ms was also achieved by covalently incorporating 5% of Pd porphyrin into the C16 polymer, which introduced extra energy transfer steps between the polymer and porphyrin that delayed triplet dynamics and increased the polymer triplet yield by 7.9 times. This work demonstrates two synthetic approaches to generate the longest-lived triplet excited states in narrow bandgap conjugated polymers, which is of necessity in a wide range of fields that range from organic electronics to sensors and bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Marin-Beloqui
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.,Department
of Physical-Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel G. Congrave
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Daniel T. W. Toolan
- Department
of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Stephanie Montanaro
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Iain A. Wright
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.,School of
Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.,
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,
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6
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Odziomek M, Giusto P, Kossmann J, Tarakina NV, Heske J, Rivadeneira SM, Keil W, Schmidt C, Mazzanti S, Savateev O, Perdigón-Toro L, Neher D, Kühne TD, Antonietti M, López-Salas N. "Red Carbon": A Rediscovered Covalent Crystalline Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206405. [PMID: 35977414 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon suboxide (C3 O2 ) is a unique molecule able to polymerize spontaneously into highly conjugated light-absorbing structures at temperatures as low as 0 °C. Despite obvious advantages, little is known about the nature and the functional properties of this carbonaceous material. In this work, the aim is to bring "red carbon," a forgotten polymeric semiconductor, back to the community's attention. A solution polymerization process is adapted to simplify the synthesis and control the structure. This allows one to obtain this crystalline covalent material at low temperatures. Both spectroscopic and elemental analyses support the chemical structure represented as conjugated ladder polypyrone ribbons. Density functional theory calculations suggest a crystalline structure of AB stacks of polypyrone ribbons and identify the material as a direct bandgap semiconductor with a medium bandgap that is further confirmed by optical analysis. The material shows promising photocatalytic performance using blue light. Moreover, the simple condensation-aromatization route described here allows the straightforward fabrication of conjugated ladder polymers and can be inspiring for the synthesis of carbonaceous materials at low temperatures in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Odziomek
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Janina Kossmann
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadezda V Tarakina
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julian Heske
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Salvador M Rivadeneira
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Keil
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mazzanti
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lorena Perdigón-Toro
- Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Colloids Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Ziolek RM, Santana-Bonilla A, López-Ríos de Castro R, Kühn R, Green M, Lorenz CD. Conformational Heterogeneity and Interchain Percolation Revealed in an Amorphous Conjugated Polymer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14432-14442. [PMID: 36103148 PMCID: PMC9527807 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are employed in a variety of application areas due to their bright fluorescence and strong biocompatibility. However, understanding the structure of amorphous conjugated polymers on the nanoscale is extremely challenging compared to their related crystalline phases. Using a bespoke classical force field, we study amorphous poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) with molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role that its nanoscale structure plays in controlling its emergent (and all-important) optical properties. Notably, we show that a giant percolating cluster exists within amorphous F8BT, which has ramifications in understanding the nature of interchain species that drive the quantum yield reduction and bathochromic shift observed in conjugated polymer-based devices and nanostructures. We also show that distinct conformations can be unravelled from within the disordered structure of amorphous F8BT using a two-stage machine learning protocol, highlighting a link between molecular conformation and ring stacking propensity. This work provides predictive understanding by which to enhance the optical properties of next-generation conjugated polymer-based devices and materials by rational, simulation-led design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Ziolek
- Biological
Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raquel López-Ríos de Castro
- Biological
Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, King’s College London, London, SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Reimer Kühn
- Department
of Mathematics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Green
- Photonics
and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United
Kingdom
| | - Christian D. Lorenz
- Biological
Physics and Soft Matter Group, Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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8
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Paul P, Karar M, Mondal B, Roy UK, Ghosh A, Majumdar T, Mallick A. Controlled tuning of radiative-nonradiative transition via solvent perturbation: Franck-Condon emission vs. aggregation caused quenching. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18245-18254. [PMID: 35876115 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules with tunable fluorescence quantum yield are attractive for opto-electronic applications. A fluorophore with tunable fluorescence quantum yield should be a better choice for a variety of applications that demand fluorophores with different quantum yields. Here organic emitters with a continuous bell-shaped fluorescence yield profile would be promising in view of sustainability and reusability; however, fluorophores with these properties are rarely reported. A bis-indole derivative, 3,3'-bisindolyl(phenyl)methane (BIPM), was synthesised and found to undergo a unique 'rise-and-fall' profile in fluorescence yield with a compositional change of the 1,4-dioxane (DiOx)-H2O solvent system. A predominant interplay of two contrasting factors, (a) polarity and proticity induced emission enhancement and (b) aggregation caused fluorescence quenching, on either side of a crossover solvent composition (∼50% fW), resulted in a continuous bell-patterned fluorescence yield profile. Interestingly, these two factors could be observed individually or simultaneously by adjusting the H2O fraction. Detailed spectroscopic, electron microscopic and computational studies have been performed to substantiate the photophysics behind the solvent regulated modulation of fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Provakar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Monaj Karar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Bibhas Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713340, India
| | - Ujjal Kanti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713340, India
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Tapas Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Arabinda Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713340, India
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9
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Patterson CH, Sahoo SR. Charge Transfer Excitons in π -stacked Thiophene Oligomers and P3[Alkyl]T Crystals: CIS calculations and electroabsorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-alkylthiophenes), P3[Alkyl]T, exhibit high mobility and efficiency of formation of polaronic chargecarriers generated by light absorption which gives them applications in field effect devices. Excited states ofπ -stacked dimers of tetra-thiophene oligomers (T4), infinite isolated polythiophene (PT) chains and P3[Alkyl]Tcrystals are modeled using configuration interaction singles (CIS) calculations. Excited states in cofacial T4dimers are mostly localized, Frenkel (FR) states except for two low energy CT exciton states which become theionization potential and electron affinity levels of T4 molecules at large dimer separation. The lowest excitedstates in infinite, isolated PT chains and P3[Alkyl]T crystals are intra-chain excitons where the electron and holeare localized on the same chain. The next lowest excited states are inter-chain, CT excitons in which electronand hole reside on neighboring chains. The former capture almost all optical oscillator strength and the lattermay be a route to efficient formation of polaronic charge carriers in P3[Alkyl]T systems. Changes in opticalabsorption energies of T4 dimers are explained as a function of molecular separation using CIS calculations withfour frontier orbitals in the active space. Shifts in optical absorption energy observed on going from isolatedchains to P3[Alkyl]T lamellar structures are already present in single-particle transition energies induced bydirect π - π interactions at short range. The electroabsorption spectrum of T4 dimers is calculated as a functionof dimer separation and states which are responsible for parallel and perpendicular components of the spectrumare identified.
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10
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Green JD, Fuemmeler EG, Hele TJH. Inverse molecular design from first principles: tailoring organic chromophore spectra for optoelectronic applications. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:180901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of molecules with tailored optoelectronic properties such as specific frequency and intensity of absorption or emission is a major challenge in creating next-generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photovoltaics. This raises the question: how can we predict a potential chemical structure from these properties? Approaches that attempt to tackle this inverse design problem include virtual screening, active machine learning and genetic algorithms. However, these approaches rely on a molecular database or many electronic structure calculations, and significant computational savings could be achieved if there was prior knowledge of (i) whether the optoelectronic properties of a parent molecule could easily be improved and (ii) what morphing operations on a parent molecule could improve these properties. In this perspective we address both of these challenges from first principles. We firstly adapt the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule to organic chromophores and show how this indicates how easily the absorption and emission of a molecule can be improved. We then show how by combining electronic structure theory and intensity borrowing perturbation theory we can predict whether or not the proposed morphing operations will achieve the desired spectral alteration, and thereby derive widely-applicable design rules. We go on to provide proof-of-concept illustrations of this approach to optimizing the visible absorption of acenes and the emission of radical OLEDs. We believe this approach can be integrated into genetic algorithms by biasing morphing operations in favour of those which are likely to be successful, leading to faster molecular discovery and greener chemistry.
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11
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Li GP, Xie HF, Hao PF, Fu YL, Zhang K, Shen JJ, Wang YY. Size Effect of Arylenediimide π-Conjugate Systems on the Photoresponsive Behaviors in Eu 3+-Based Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6403-6410. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Hong-Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yun-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ju Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
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12
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Dimitriev OP. Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Molecules and Organic Semiconductor Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8487-8593. [PMID: 35298145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exciton, an excited electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb attraction, plays a key role in photophysics of organic molecules and drives practically important phenomena such as photoinduced mechanical motions of a molecule, photochemical conversions, energy transfer, generation of free charge carriers, etc. Its behavior in extended π-conjugated molecules and disordered organic films is very different and very rich compared with exciton behavior in inorganic semiconductor crystals. Due to the high degree of variability of organic systems themselves, the exciton not only exerts changes on molecules that carry it but undergoes its own changes during all phases of its lifetime, that is, birth, conversion and transport, and decay. The goal of this review is to give a systematic and comprehensive view on exciton behavior in π-conjugated molecules and molecular assemblies at all phases of exciton evolution with emphasis on rates typical for this dynamic picture and various consequences of the above dynamics. To uncover the rich variety of exciton behavior, details of exciton formation, exciton transport, exciton energy conversion, direct and reverse intersystem crossing, and radiative and nonradiative decay are considered in different systems, where these processes lead to or are influenced by static and dynamic disorder, charge distribution symmetry breaking, photoinduced reactions, electron and proton transfer, structural rearrangements, exciton coupling with vibrations and intermediate particles, and exciton dissociation and annihilation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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13
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Nakamura M, Gon M, Natsuda SI, Tamai Y, Ohkita H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Development of NIR emissive fully-fused bisboron complexes with π-conjugated systems including multiple azo groups. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:74-84. [PMID: 34881749 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel near-infrared (NIR) emitters is essential for satisfying the growing demands of advancing optical telecommunication and medical technology. We synthesized elemental skeletons composed of robust π-conjugated systems including two boron-fused azo groups, which showed an intense emission in the red or near-infrared (NIR) region both in solution and solid states. Two types of bisboron complexes with different aromatic linkers showed emission properties with larger bathochromic shifts and emission efficiencies in solution than the corresponding monoboron complex. Transient absorption spectroscopy disclosed that the inferior optical properties of the monoboron complex can be attributed to fast nonradiative deactivation accompanied by a large structural relaxation after photoexcitation. The expanded π-conjugated system through multiple boron-fused azo groups can contribute to rigid molecular skeletons followed by improved emission properties. Moreover, the anti-form of the bisboron complex with fluorine groups in the opposite directions to the π-plane exhibited crystallization-induced emission enhancement in the NIR region. The molecular design by using multiple boron-fused azo groups is expected to be a critical strategy for creating novel NIR emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Natsuda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yasunari Tamai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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14
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Kramer SN, Brown J, Rice M, Peteanu LA. Unraveling the Contribution of Residual Monomer to the Emission Spectra of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Aggregates: Implications for Identifying H- and J-type Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5919-5924. [PMID: 34156859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a well-studied benchmark system for semiconducting polymers used in optoelectronic devices. In these materials, aggregation can improve charge transport efficiency or enhance emission yields depending on the interchain packing. This may be inferred from the absorption and emission spectra when analyzed using exciton coupling models such as the well-known H- and J-coupling model of Kasha. The more recently developed weakly coupled H-aggregate (WCH) model quantifies the degree of disorder via the ratio of the electronic origin intensity to that of the first vibronic band. Here, the underlying assumptions of this approach are tested experimentally for P3HT aggregates formed by solvent poisoning using bulk and single-molecule-based spectroscopic techniques. Specifically, we show that the contribution of residual monomeric chains to the aggregate spectrum must be accounted for to properly assign the spectra as H- or J-type. A modification of the WCH model is introduced to account for multiple emissive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jasper Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Megan Rice
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Linda A Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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15
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Domínguez SE, Vuolle A, Butler-Hallissey C, Ääritalo T, Damlin P, Kvarnström C. J-like aggregation of a cationic polythiophene with hydrogen-bonding capabilities due to 1,4-dioxane: Solution excitation spectra and fluorescence, morphology and surface free energy of films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:281-294. [PMID: 33069027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents solution- and solid-state evidence of the enhancement of J-like aggregation of a cationic polythiophene (CPT) with isothiouronium functionalities (PT1), caused by a decrease in the polarity and hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) capacity of the solvent, generated by using a 50:50 v/v 1,4-dioxane-water mixture (W-DI) instead of water. In solution, the presence of 1,4-dioxane (DI) seems to generate selective solvation, tuning the energy transfer within PT1 from inter-chain into intra-chain, enhancing J-like aggregation. On the other hand, during the casting process, the presence of DI directs the interaction with solid-substrates, generating an increase in the solid-state fluorescence, modifying the morphology from one similar to ballistic-aggregation (BA) into one similar to attachment limited aggregation (ALA), DI also modifies the SFE by increasing slightly its polar contribution (γSp) and decreasing the dispersive one (γSd). These results can be explained to be caused by a "coating" effect in presence of DI (as proposed before experimentally and computationally). Our results show a clear correlation between the solution- and solid-state properties of PT1 in each solvent, further validating the use of the fluorescence excitation spectra to trace J-like aggregation of water-soluble conjugated polymeric fluorophores in solution. This information could be useful for predicting and designing specific mesoscopic architectures of CPTs (and conjugated polyelectrolytes in general), which are molecules lacking of clear structure-function guidelines for designing high-performance polythiophene-based interlayer materials, especially for CPTs (and conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) in general), particularly those with H-bonding capabilities. To the best of our knowledge the use of solution-state fluorescence excitation spectra to identify J-like aggregation of water-soluble conjugated polymers (CPs) has been scarcely used/discussed in literature and no correlation with solid-state properties was reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Vuolle
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Ääritalo
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Damlin
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Department of Chemistry, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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16
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Wollmann J, Kahle FJ, Bauer I, Köhler A, Strohriegl P. Versatile Approach to Well-Defined Oligofluorenes and Polyfluorenes with Low Dispersity. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Jiang K, Wang L, Zhang X, Ma Z, Song Y, Zhang W. Side-Chain Length Dependence of Young’s Modulus and Strength in Crystalline Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Nanofibers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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18
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Kozlowska M, Pramudya Y, Jakoby M, Heidrich S, Pan L, Richards BS, A Howard I, Wöll C, Haldar R, Wenzel W. Crystalline assembly of perylene in metal-organic framework thin film: J-aggregate or excimer? Insight into the electronic structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:034001. [PMID: 32987373 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbc34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial orientation of chromophores defines the photophysical and optoelectronic properties of a material and serves as the main tunable parameter for tailoring functionality. Controlled assembly for achieving a predefined spatial orientation of chromophores is rather challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an attractive platform for exploring the virtually unlimited chemical space of organic components and their self-assembly for device optimization. Here, we demonstrate the impact of interchromophore interactions on the photophysical properties of a surface-anchored MOF (SURMOF) based on 3,9-perylenedicarboxylicacid linkers. We predict the structural assembly of the perylene molecules in the MOF via robust periodic density functional theory calculations and discuss the impact of unit topology and π-π interaction patterns on spectroscopic and semiconducting properties of the MOF films. We explain the dual nature of excited states in the perylene MOF, where strong temperature-modulated excimer emission, enhanced by the formation of perylene J-aggregates, and low stable monomer emission are observed. We use band-like and hopping transport mechanisms to predict semiconducting properties of perylene SURMOF-2 films as a function of inter-linker interactions, demonstrating both p-type and n-type conduction mechanisms. Hole carrier mobility up to 7.34 cm2Vs-1is predicted for the perylene SURMOF-2. The results show a promising pathway towards controlling excimer photophysics in a MOF while controlling charge carrier mobility on the basis of a predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Liuyang Pan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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19
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Curchod BFE, Glover WJ, Martínez TJ. SSAIMS-Stochastic-Selection Ab Initio Multiple Spawning for Efficient Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6133-6143. [PMID: 32580552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio multiple spawning provides a powerful and accurate way of describing the excited-state dynamics of molecular systems, whose strength resides in the proper description of coherence effects during nonadiabatic processes thanks to the coupling of trajectory basis functions. However, the simultaneous propagation of a large number of trajectory basis functions can be numerically inconvenient. We propose here an elegant and simple solution to this issue, which consists of (i) detecting uncoupled groups of coupled trajectory basis functions and (ii) selecting stochastically one of these groups to continue the ab initio multiple spawning dynamics. We show that this procedure can reproduce the results of full ab initio multiple spawning dynamics in cases where the uncoupled groups of trajectory basis functions stay uncoupled throughout the dynamics (which is often the case in high-dimensional problems). We present and discuss the aforementioned idea in detail and provide simple numerical applications on indole, ethylene, and protonated formaldimine, highlighting the potential of stochastic-selection ab initio multiple spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - William J Glover
- NYU Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave., Shanghai 200122, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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20
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Patel K, Bittner ER. Mixed Quantum Classical Simulations of Charge-Transfer Dynamics in a Model Light-Harvesting Complex. I. Charge-Transfer Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2149-2157. [PMID: 32118437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We develop here a mixed quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics model to investigate charge-transfer dynamics in a set of large organic donor-bridge-acceptor triad molecules. Specifically, we are interested in the differences in electron and nuclear behavior relating to small changes in the molecular makeup of carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triads. Our model approximates excitation energies on the order of 1.9 eV which agree with absorption spectra for these triads and isolated porphyrins. Using electron population analysis, we monitor charge migration to the acceptor in time. Approximations of the charge transfer rates reveal ultrafast (picosecond scale) electron dynamics consistent with experimental literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Eric R Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States.,Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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21
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Schraff S, Maity S, Schleeper L, Dong Y, Lucas S, Bakulin AA, von Hauff E, Pammer F. All-conjugated donor–acceptor block copolymers featuring a pentafulvenyl-polyisocyanide-acceptor. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fulvenyl-functionalized polyisocyanide (PIC2) with a high electron mobility of μe = 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been incorporated into donor–acceptor block copolymers. Their self-assembly and bulk-morphology have been studied, and potential device applications have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Sudeshna Maity
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- NL-1081 HV Amsterdam
- Netherlands
| | - Laura Schleeper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- NL-1081 HV Amsterdam
- Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Sebastian Lucas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth von Hauff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- NL-1081 HV Amsterdam
- Netherlands
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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22
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Thomas TH, Rivett JPH, Gu Q, Harkin DJ, Richter JM, Sadhanala A, Yong CK, Schott S, Broch K, Armitage J, Gillett AJ, Menke SM, Rao A, Credgington D, Sirringhaus H. Chain Coupling and Luminescence in High-Mobility, Low-Disorder Conjugated Polymers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13716-13727. [PMID: 31738516 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on conjugated polymers often rely on multilayer device architectures, as it is difficult to design all the different functional requirements, in particular the need for efficient luminescence and fast carrier transport, into a single polymer. Here we study the photophysics of a recently discovered class of conjugated polymers with high charge carrier mobility and low degree of energetic disorder and investigate whether it is possible in this system to achieve by molecular design a high photoluminescence quantum yield without sacrificing carrier mobility. Tracing exciton dynamics over femtosecond to microsecond time scales, we show that nearly all nonradiative exciton recombination arises from interactions between chromophores on different chains. We evaluate the temperature dependence and role of electron-phonon coupling leading to fast internal conversion in systems with strong interchain coupling and the extent to which this can be turned off by varying side chain substitution. By sterically decreasing interchain interaction, we present an effective approach to increase the fluorescence quantum yield of low-energy gap polymers. We present a red-NIR-emitting amorphous polymer with the highest reported film luminescence quantum efficiency of 18% whose mobility concurrently exceeds that of amorphous-Si. This is a key result toward the development of single-layer optoelectronic devices that require both properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor H Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Jasmine P H Rivett
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Qifei Gu
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - David J Harkin
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Johannes M Richter
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Chaw Keong Yong
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Sam Schott
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Katharina Broch
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - John Armitage
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Alexander J Gillett
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - S Matthew Menke
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Dan Credgington
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
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23
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Hu W, Miao X, Tao H, Baev A, Ren C, Fan Q, He T, Huang W, Prasad PN. Manipulating Nonradiative Decay Channel by Intermolecular Charge Transfer for Exceptionally Improved Photothermal Conversion. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12006-12014. [PMID: 31518102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In-depth studies of nonradiative (NR) decay, seeking to maximize NR decay rate or manipulate other NR decay channels, are of greatest significance for improving the photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of organic materials for phototheranostics; however, to date, relevant work remains scarce. Here, we present an insightful study of NR decay in BODIPY (BDP) dye, in an aggregated state, i.e., in BDP nanoparticles (BDP NPs), which show an efficient additional NR decay channel from the aggregation-stabilized intermolecular charge transfer (CT) state, resulting in exceptionally high η (61%) for highly efficient phototheranostics in vivo. BDP NPs exhibit two ultrafast NR decay channels with ultrashort lifetimes of 1.7 and 50 ps, which is in stark contrast to the only S1 → S0 NR channel with a long lifetime of 373 ps in the isolated BDP dye. More importantly, the ultrafast NR channel (1.7 ps) in BDP NPs depletes a substantial portion of the excited-state population (71%), which accounts for its much better photothermal effect as compared with the isolated BDP dye. Finally, BDP NPs display a highly efficient photoacoustic imaging (PAI) guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors in live mice. This study presents a deeper fundamental understanding of NR decay in organic materials, setting a valuable guideline that may be widely applicable to similar molecular structure to develop more advanced organic materials not only for photothermal-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing 211800 , China
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Xiaofei Miao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Haojie Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Alexander Baev
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Can Ren
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tingchao He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing 211800 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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24
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Huang J, Tarábek J, Kulkarni R, Wang C, Dračínský M, Smales GJ, Tian Y, Ren S, Pauw BR, Resch-Genger U, Bojdys MJ. A π-Conjugated, Covalent Phosphinine Framework. Chemistry 2019; 25:12342-12348. [PMID: 31322767 PMCID: PMC6790668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural modularity of polymer frameworks is a key advantage of covalent organic polymers, however, only C, N, O, Si, and S have found their way into their building blocks so far. Here, the toolbox available to polymer and materials chemists is expanded by one additional nonmetal, phosphorus. Starting with a building block that contains a λ5‐phosphinine (C5P) moiety, a number of polymerization protocols are evaluated, finally obtaining a π‐conjugated, covalent phosphinine‐based framework (CPF‐1) through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. CPF‐1 is a weakly porous polymer glass (72.4 m2 g−1 BET at 77 K) with green fluorescence (λmax=546 nm) and extremely high thermal stability. The polymer catalyzes hydrogen evolution from water under UV and visible light irradiation without the need for additional co‐catalyst at a rate of 33.3 μmol h−1 g−1. These results demonstrate for the first time the incorporation of the phosphinine motif into a complex polymer framework. Phosphinine‐based frameworks show promising electronic and optical properties, which might spark future interest in their applications in light‐emitting devices and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard- Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Glen J Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Brian R Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard- Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Lee EMY, Willard AP. Solving the Trivial Crossing Problem While Preserving the Nodal Symmetry of the Wave Function. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4332-4343. [PMID: 31305997 PMCID: PMC6750758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
an adiabatic mixed quantum-classical simulation, the avoided
crossing of weakly coupled eigenstates can lead to unphysical discontinuities
in wave function dynamics, otherwise known as the trivial crossing
problem. A standard solution to the trivial crossing problem eliminates
spatial discontinuities in wave function dynamics by imposing changes
to the eigenstate of the wave function. In this paper, we show that
this solution has the side effect of introducing transient discontinuities
in the nodal symmetry of the wave function. We present an alternative
solution to the trivial crossing problem that preserves both the spatial
and nodal structure of the adiabatic wave function. By considering
a model of exciton dynamics on conjugated polymer systems, we show
that failure to preserve wave function symmetry yields exciton dynamics
that depends unphysically on polymer system size. We demonstrate that
our symmetry-preserving solution to the trivial crossing problem yields
more realistic dynamics and can thus improve the accuracy of simulations
of larger systems that are prone to the trivial crossing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Y Lee
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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26
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A de novo strategy for predictive crystal engineering to tune excitonic coupling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2048. [PMID: 31053704 PMCID: PMC6499792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular solids, the intense photoluminescence (PL) observed for solvated dye molecules is often suppressed by nonradiative decay processes introduced by excitonic coupling to adjacent chromophores. We have developed a strategy to avoid this undesirable PL quenching by optimizing the chromophore packing. We integrated the photoactive compounds into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and tuned the molecular alignment by introducing adjustable "steric control units" (SCUs). We determined the optimal alignment of core-substituted naphthalenediimides (cNDIs) to yield highly emissive J-aggregates by a computational analysis. Then, we created a large library of handle-equipped MOF chromophoric linkers and computationally screened for the best SCUs. A thorough photophysical characterization confirmed the formation of J-aggregates with bright green emission, with unprecedented photoluminescent quantum yields for crystalline NDI-based materials. This data demonstrates the viability of MOF-based crystal engineering approaches that can be universally applied to tailor the photophysical properties of organic semiconductor materials.
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27
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Bombile JH, Janik MJ, Milner ST. Energetics of exciton binding and dissociation in polythiophenes: a tight binding approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11999-12011. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tight-binding exciton model that describes the continuum from the bound exciton to the free hole and electron polarons in conjugated polymer chains is introduced and applied to polythiophenes.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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29
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Shi L, Willard AP. Modeling the effects of molecular disorder on the properties of Frenkel excitons in organic molecular semiconductors. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:094110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5044553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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30
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Domínguez SE, Cangiotti M, Fattori A, Ääritalo T, Damlin P, Ottaviani MF, Kvarnström C. Effect of Spacer Length and Solvent on the Concentration-Driven Aggregation of Cationic Hydrogen-Bonding Donor Polythiophenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7364-7378. [PMID: 29783844 PMCID: PMC6150719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of cationic isothiouronium polythiophenes with alkoxy-spacers of different lengths at the 3-position of the thiophene ring was studied in solvents of different polarities. Hydrogen-bonding capacity was assessed by steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, whereas the aggregation in aqueous solutions was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, using paramagnetic probes of different polarities. The two polymers displayed similar features in respect to conformation, effect of cosolvents on aggregation, unstructured absorption-fluorescence spectra, Stokes shifts when aggregated, solvatochromic effect, and self-quenching concentration. However, these polymers also showed different specific interactions with water, Stokes shifts in water, effect of the solvent on the extent of dominant state of the S1 level, and also different inner cavities and hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface area in aqueous solution aggregates. Water maximized the difference between the polymers concerning the effect of specific increases in concentration, whereas the presence of 1,4-dioxane generated almost identical effects on both polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Domínguez
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M. Cangiotti
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A. Fattori
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - T. Ääritalo
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P. Damlin
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M. F. Ottaviani
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C. Kvarnström
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF), Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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31
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Leventis A, Royakkers J, Rapidis AG, Goodeal N, Corpinot MK, Frost JM, Bučar DK, Blunt MO, Cacialli F, Bronstein H. Highly Luminescent Encapsulated Narrow Bandgap Polymers Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1622-1626. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Leventis
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros G. Rapidis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and LCN, University College London, Gower
Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Goodeal
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Merina K. Corpinot
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Oliver Blunt
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and LCN, University College London, Gower
Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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32
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Dimitriev OP. Effect of Confinement on Photophysical Properties of P3HT Chains in PMMA Matrix. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:510. [PMID: 28853046 PMCID: PMC5574825 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of arrangement of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) chains embedded into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix on photophysical properties, such as electronic absorption spectrum, band gap, and photoluminescence quantum yield, of the formed P3HT aggregates have been studied. It has been found that variation of P3HT fraction in PMMA matrix from 25 to 2 wt% is accompanied with the increasing quantum yield of photoluminescence, red shift of the band gap, and structural change of P3HT crystallites. The above changes are accompanied with disruption of the continuous network of P3HT fraction into smaller P3HT particles with size ranged from several microns to several tens of nanometers. The results are interpreted in terms of the changing intermolecular packing and reduced intramolecular torsional disorder. It is discussed that the most contribution to the above changes comes from P3HT molecules at the interface of P3HT cluster and PMMA environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Natl. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, 41, Kiev, 03028, Ukraine.
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33
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Wu EC, Stubbs RE, Peteanu LA, Jemison R, McCullough RD, Wildeman J. Detection of Ultralow Concentrations of Non-emissive Conjugated Polymer Aggregates via Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5413-5421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Regan E. Stubbs
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Linda A. Peteanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Racquel Jemison
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Richard D. McCullough
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Impact of backbone fluorination on nanoscale morphology and excitonic coupling in polythiophenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5113-5118. [PMID: 28465439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620722114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorination represents an important strategy in developing high-performance conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications. Here, we use regioregular poly(3-ethylhexylthiophene) (P3EHT) and poly(3-ethylhexyl-4-fluorothiophene) (F-P3EHT) as simplified model materials, using single-molecule/aggregate spectroscopy and molecular dynamic simulations, to elucidate the impacts of backbone fluorination on morphology and excitonic coupling on the molecular scale. Despite its high regioregularity, regioregular P3EHT exhibits a rather broad distribution in polymer chain conformation due to the strong steric hindrance of bulky ethylhexyl side chains. This conformational variability results in disordered interchain morphology even between a few chains, prohibiting long-range effective interchain coupling. In stark contrast, the experimental and molecular dynamic calculations reveal that backbone fluorination of F-P3EHT leads to an extended rod-like single-chain conformation and hence highly ordered interchain packing in aggregates. Surprisingly, the ordered and close interchain packing in F-P3EHT does not lead to strong excitonic coupling between the chains but rather to dominant intrachain excitonic coupling that greatly reduces the molecular energetic heterogeneity.
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35
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Raithel D, Baderschneider S, de Queiroz TB, Lohwasser R, Köhler J, Thelakkat M, Kümmel S, Hildner R. Emitting Species of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): From Single, Isolated Chains to Bulk. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago B. de Queiroz
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09510-580, Santo André-SP, Brazil
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