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Jerotic S, Ignjatovic N, Maric NP, Nesic J, Jovandic Z, Latas M, Nestorovic M, Jevtovic M, Aftab A. A Comparative Study on Mental Disorder Conceptualization: A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:813-825. [PMID: 38319528 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The conceptualization of mental disorders varies among professionals, impacting diagnosis, treatment, and research. This cross-disciplinary study aimed to understand how various professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, medical students, philosophers, and social sciences experts, perceive mental disorders, their attitudes towards the disease status of certain mental states, and their emphasis on biological versus social explanatory attributions. A survey of 371 participants assessed their agreement on a variety of conceptual statements and the relative influence of biological or social explanatory attribution for different mental states. Our findings revealed a consensus on the need for multiple explanatory perspectives in understanding psychiatric conditions and the influence of social, cultural, moral, and political values on diagnosis and classification. Psychiatrists demonstrated balanced bio-social explanatory attributions for various mental conditions, indicating a potential shift from the biological attribution predominantly observed among medical students and residents in psychiatry. Further research into factors influencing these differing perspectives is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jerotic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Natalija Ignjatovic
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja P Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Nesic
- Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milan Latas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Nestorovic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Jevtovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Awais Aftab
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, US
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Meneses Castaño CY, Penagos P. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Approach. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:CPR-EPUB-139542. [PMID: 38571345 DOI: 10.2174/0115733963285951240328051515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Penagos
- Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación, Colombia; 2Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico
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de Souza Lopes L, da Silva JS, da luz JMR, de Cássia Soares da Silva M, Lima HS, Rocha GC, Mantovani HC, Kasuya MCM. Intestinal microbial diversity of swines fed with different sources of lithium. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:102. [PMID: 38464613 PMCID: PMC10917731 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug that is widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorder is lithium (Li) salts. The people who make therapeutic use of this drug develop a series of side effects. Through metataxonomic data, this study assessed the impacts of lithium, as Li carbonate or Li-enriched mushrooms, on the microbial composition of the ileum, colon, and feces of piglets. Employing Bray-Curtis metric, no differences were observed among the treatments evaluated. Nevertheless, the alpha diversity indices showed differences in the Simpson, Shannon, and Chao-1 indices in the colon and Chao-1 in the feces in the diets with Li compared with the diets without Li. The taxa with the highest relative abundance varied among the ileum, colon, and feces, with a predominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria in diets with Li. Many groups of microorganisms that are important for the health of the host (e.g., Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Enterorhabdus, Muribaculaceae, and Coprococcus) had their relative abundance increased in animals that received diets with the recommended dose of lithium. Furthermore, there was an increase in the abundance of Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidales (in the diet with Li-enriched mushroom) and Clostridia, Ruminococcus, Burkholderia, and Bacteroidales (diets with Li carbonate) at the recommended dosages. This is the first study to show the effects of Li carbonate and Li-enriched mushrooms on the intestinal microbiota of piglets. Thus, the effects of lithium on the body may be related to its ability to change the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03938-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Souza Lopes
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - José Maria Rodrigues da luz
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Marliane de Cássia Soares da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Helena Santiago Lima
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil
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Chaloupecká E, Tyrpekl V, Bártová K, Nishiyama Y, Dračínský M. NMR crystallography of amino acids. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2024; 130:101921. [PMID: 38422809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2024.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of NMR crystallography methods requires a reliable database of chemical shifts measured for systems with known crystal structure. We measured and assigned carbon and hydrogen chemical shifts of twenty solid natural amino acids of known polymorphic structure, meticulously determined using powder X-ray diffraction. We then correlated the experimental data with DFT-calculated isotropic shieldings. The small size of the unit cell of most amino acids allowed for advanced computations using various families of DFT functionals, including generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA and hybrid DFT functionals. We tested several combinations of functionals for geometry optimizations and NMR calculations. For carbon shieldings, the widely used GGA functional PBE performed very well, although an improvement could be achieved by adding shielding corrections calculated for isolated molecules using a hybrid functional. For hydrogen nuclei, we observed the best performance for NMR calculations carried out with structures optimized at the hybrid DFT level. The high fidelity of the calculations made it possible to assign additional signals that could not be assigned based on experiments alone, for example signals of two non-equivalent molecules in the unit cell of some of the amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Chaloupecká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Tyrpekl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Choi EY, Cho G, Chang VW. Neighborhood Social Environment and Dementia: The Mediating Role of Social Isolation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad199. [PMID: 38180790 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the potential importance of the neighborhood social environment for cognitive health, the connection between neighborhood characteristics and dementia remains unclear. This study investigated the association between the prospective risk of dementia and three distinct aspects of neighborhood social environment: socioeconomic deprivation, disorder, and social cohesion. We also examined whether objective and subjective aspects of individual-level social isolation may function as mediators. METHODS Leveraging data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2018; N = 9,251), we used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between time-to-dementia incidence and each neighborhood characteristic, adjusting for covariates and the propensity to self-select into disadvantaged neighborhoods. We used inverse odds weighting to decompose significant total effects of neighborhood characteristics into mediational effects of objective and subjective social isolation. RESULTS The risk of dementia was associated with deprivation and disorder but not low cohesion. In deprived neighborhoods, individuals had an 18% increased risk of developing dementia (cause-specific hazard ratio [CHR] = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.38), and those in disordered areas had a 27% higher risk (CHR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.59). 20% of the disorder's effects were mediated by subjective social isolation, while the mediational effects of objective isolation were nonsignificant. Deprivation's total effects were not partitioned into mediational effects given its nonsignificant associations with the mediators. DISCUSSION Neighborhood deprivation and disorder may increase middle to older adults' risks of dementia. The disorder may adversely affect cognitive health through increasing loneliness. Our results suggest a clear need for dementia prevention targeting upstream neighborhood contexts, including the improvement of neighborhood conditions to foster social integration among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gawon Cho
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Virginia W Chang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Gray H, Coman L, Walton C, Thorning S, Cardell E, Weir KA. A Comparison of Voice and Psychotherapeutic Treatments for Adults With Functional Voice Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Voice 2024; 38:542.e9-542.e27. [PMID: 34772593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of traditional voice therapy and cognitive therapy on the voice and client-wellbeing outcomes in adults with functional voice disorders (FVD). METHODS A systematic review of English articles was conducted using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (Ebsco), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsychInfo (Ebsco) and Speechbite from inception to current date. Additional studies were identified through bibliographies and authors were contacted when further information was required from an article. All study designs were included with pretest/posttest outcome measures related to voice. Independent extraction of studies was completed by three authors using predefined data fields and quality assessment tools. RESULTS Outcomes of 23 studies (2 RCTs and 21 cohort or case studies) are summarised using a narrative style due to heterogeneity of interventions and outcome scales used. Overall research quality of included studies was low, with many cohort and case studies lacking controls, blinding and robust outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS There are some benefits to pairing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with traditional voice therapy for FVD including improved voice quality, psychosocial wellbeing and prevention of relapse. It is feasible to train speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in CBT-enhanced voice therapy. Further high-quality research is needed, however, to guide the clinical implementation of CBT for the management of FVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gray
- Speech Pathology Service, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Leah Coman
- Speech Pathology Service, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chloe Walton
- Speech Pathology Service, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Thorning
- Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cardell
- School of Medicine and Dentistry; and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly A Weir
- School of Health Sciences & Social Work; and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Castaldi V, Langella E, Buonanno M, Di Lelio I, Aprile AM, Molisso D, Criscuolo MC, D'Andrea LD, Romanelli A, Amoresano A, Pinto G, Illiano A, Chiaiese P, Becchimanzi A, Pennacchio F, Rao R, Monti SM. Intrinsically disordered Prosystemin discloses biologically active repeat motifs. Plant Sci 2024; 340:111969. [PMID: 38159610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The in-depth studies over the years on the defence barriers by tomato plants have shown that the Systemin peptide controls the response to a wealth of environmental stress agents. This multifaceted stress reaction seems to be related to the intrinsic disorder of its precursor protein, Prosystemin (ProSys). Since latest findings show that ProSys has biological functions besides Systemin sequence, here we wanted to assess if this precursor includes peptide motifs able to trigger stress-related pathways. Candidate peptides were identified in silico and synthesized to test their capacity to trigger defence responses in tomato plants against different biotic stressors. Our results demonstrated that ProSys harbours several repeat motifs which triggered plant immune reactions against pathogens and pest insects. Three of these peptides were detected by mass spectrometry in plants expressing ProSys, demonstrating their effective presence in vivo. These experimental data shed light on unrecognized functions of ProSys, mediated by multiple biologically active sequences which may partly account for the capacity of ProSys to induce defense responses to different stress agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aprile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Martina Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Luca Domenico D'Andrea
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Alfonso Corti 12, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Papo D, Buldú JM. Does the brain behave like a (complex) network? I. Dynamics. Phys Life Rev 2024; 48:47-98. [PMID: 38145591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Graph theory is now becoming a standard tool in system-level neuroscience. However, endowing observed brain anatomy and dynamics with a complex network structure does not entail that the brain actually works as a network. Asking whether the brain behaves as a network means asking whether network properties count. From the viewpoint of neurophysiology and, possibly, of brain physics, the most substantial issues a network structure may be instrumental in addressing relate to the influence of network properties on brain dynamics and to whether these properties ultimately explain some aspects of brain function. Here, we address the dynamical implications of complex network, examining which aspects and scales of brain activity may be understood to genuinely behave as a network. To do so, we first define the meaning of networkness, and analyse some of its implications. We then examine ways in which brain anatomy and dynamics can be endowed with a network structure and discuss possible ways in which network structure may be shown to represent a genuine organisational principle of brain activity, rather than just a convenient description of its anatomy and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - J M Buldú
- Complex Systems Group & G.I.S.C., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Socada JL, Söderholm JJ, Rosenström T, Lahti J, Ekelund J, Isometsä ET. Affect dimensions and variability during major depressive episodes: Ecological momentary assessment of unipolar, bipolar, and borderline patients and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:408-416. [PMID: 38218014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Differentiating major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (MDE/BD) and the MDEs comorbid with borderline personality disorder (MDE/BPD) is crucial for appropriate treatment, and knowledge of phenomenological differences may aid this. However, studies comparing affect experiences of these three patient groups and healthy subjects are scarce. In our study, participants (N = 114), including patients with MDD (n = 34), MDE/BD (n = 27), and MDE/BPD (n = 24), and healthy controls (HC, n = 29) responded to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with ten circumplex model affect items ten times daily for seven days (7709 recordings). Explorative factor analysis resulted in two affect dimensions. The positive dimension included active, excited, cheerful (high arousal), and content (low arousal) affects, and the negative dimension irritated, angry, and nervous (high arousal) affects. Relative to HC, patients reported 3.5-fold negative affects (mean MDD 1.36 (SD 0.92), MDE/BD 1.43 (0.76), MDE/BPD 1.81 (0.95) vs. HC 0.44 (0.49) (p < 0.01)) but 0.5-fold positive affects (2.01 (0.90), 1.95 (0.89), 2.24 (1.03), vs. 3.2 (0.95), respectively (p < 0.01)). We used multilevel modelling. Negative-affect within-individual stability was lowest in MDE/BPD and highest in MDD. Negative affect predicted concurrent positive affect more in MDE/BPD than in MDD. Moderate size of subcohorts and no inpatients were limitations. Despite apparently similar MDEs, affective experiences may differ between BPD, BD, and MDD patients. Clinical subgroups of patients with depression may vary in affective instability and concurrent presence of negative and positive affects during depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lumikukka Socada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John J Söderholm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Ekelund
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki T Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Aber-Odonga H, Babirye JN, Engebretsen IMS, Nuwaha F. Prevalence of probable substance use disorders among children in Ugandan health facilities. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:314. [PMID: 38287328 PMCID: PMC10823678 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, there is a concerning surge in the prevalence of substance use among adolescents and children, creating a substantial public health problem. Despite the magnitude of this issue, accessing healthcare explicitly for substance use remains challenging, even though many substance users frequently visit healthcare institutions for other health-related issues. To address this gap, proactive screening for substance use disorders has emerged as a critical strategy for identifying and engaging patients at risk of substance use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of probable alcohol and other substance use disorders, and associated factors, among children aged 6 to 17 years old attending health facilities in Mbale, Uganda. METHODS We conducted a health facility cross-sectional study, involving 854 children aged 6-17 years. The prevalence of probable alcohol and other substance use disorders was assessed using a validated Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) screening tool. Univariable and multivariable modified Poisson regression analyses were performed using STATA 15 software. RESULTS The overall prevalence of probable alcohol use disorders (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) was 27.8% (95% CI 1.24-1.31) while that of probable AUD alone was 25.3% (95% CI 1.22-1.28). Peer substance use (APR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.10-1.32), sibling substance use (APR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23), catholic caregiver religion (APR = 1.07 95% CI 1.01-1.13), caregiver income of more than $128 (APR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98), having no parental reprimand for substance use (APR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and having no knowledge of how to decline an offer to use substances (APR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12) were found to be significantly associated with probable AUD/SUD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a high prevalence of probable AUD and SUD among children and adolescents visiting healthcare facilities for other conditions, along with a strong link between AUD and SUD prevalence and social factors. The implication for our healthcare system is to actively screen for and treat these conditions at primary healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Aber-Odonga
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda.
| | - Juliet Ndimwibo Babirye
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Ingunn Marie S Engebretsen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fred Nuwaha
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda
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Chowdhury M, Raj Chaudhary N, Kaur P, Goyal A, Sahu SK. Different Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Management of Several Disorders: A Sustainable Approach. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:IDDT-EPUB-137391. [PMID: 38317473 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265267536231121095634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential limelight is flashed on the Gut Microbiota (GM) in the human body, which confers additional psychological as well as physiological attributes to health. Other than just occupying a wide portion of the gastrointestinal tract, it also plays numerous functions in the systems of the body. Gut Microbiota is largely responsible for a considerably vast array of conditions such as obesity, diabetes ,other metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disorders. Strategies targeting the gut microbiota have been proposed as a promising approach for the management of these disorders. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the different strategies targeting the gut microbiota for the management of several disorders and to highlight the importance of a sustainable approach. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases between 2008 and 2022 that focused on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary interventions, and antibiotics. RESULTS Different strategies targeting the gut microbiota for the management of several disorders were identified, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions. Modification in diet and lifestyle, allowing favorable microbiota growth in the stomach, intake of prebiotics and probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are amongst the widely accepted recent approaches allowing the application of GM in the field of treatment. CONCLUSION Although considerable steps in enhancing and understanding the mechanism of treatment with the help of gut microbiota are under progress, much diversified and elaborate research must be conducted in order to enhance and implement the use of GM with high effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Chowdhury
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Neil Raj Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Anju Goyal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
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12
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Liu Y, Wang A, Du Q, Wu L, Zhu Y, Petrovic C. Nanoscale inhomogeneity and the evolution of correlation strength in FeSe[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text]. Nano Converg 2023; 10:59. [PMID: 38133699 PMCID: PMC10746694 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive study of the nanoscale inhomogeneity and disorder on the thermoelectric properties of FeSe[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystals and the evolution of correlation strength with S substitution. A hump-like feature in temperature-dependent thermpower is enhanced for x = 0.12 and 0.14 in the nematic region with increasing in orbital-selective electronic correlations, which is strongly suppressed across the nematic critical point and for higher S content. Nanoscale Se/S atom disorder in the tetrahedral surroundings of Fe atoms is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements, providing an insight into the nanostructural details and the evolution of correlation strength in FeSe[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- Center for Correlated Matter and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Aifeng Wang
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- Present Address: College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Qianheng Du
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NeY 11790 USA
- Present Address: Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NeY 11790 USA
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Shah FI, Shehzadi S, Akram F, Haq IU, Javed B, Sabir S, Kazim Y, Ashfaq S. Unveiling the Psychedelic Journey: An Appraisal of Psilocybin as a Profound Antidepressant Therapy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00994-7. [PMID: 38117395 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Depression, a global health concern with significant implications for suicide rates, remains challenging to treat effectively with conventional pharmacological options. The existing pharmaceutical interventions for these illnesses need daily dosing, are accompanied by various adverse effects, and may exhibit limited efficacy in certain cases. However, hope emerges from an unlikely source-Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms. Recently, this enigmatic compound has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in addressing various mental health issues, including depression. Psilocybin alters mood, cognition, and perception by acting on a particular subtype of serotonin receptors in the brain. It's feasible that these shifts in consciousness will promote healing development, offering a novel approach to depression management. This comprehensive review explores psilocybin, derived from specific mushrooms, and its implications in the treatment of depression. The study examines new perspectives and therapeutic possibilities surrounding psilocybin, addressing existing gaps in academic literature. It delves into its biosynthesis, unique mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and anti-depressive effects. By uncovering the potential of this mind-altering substance, the review aims to advance psychiatric care, offering hope to those globally affected by depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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14
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Benisek A, Dachs E, Carpenter MA, Joachim-Mrosko B, Vielreicher NM, Wildner M. Vibrational entropy of disordering in omphacite. Phys Chem Miner 2023; 50:36. [PMID: 38037626 PMCID: PMC10682307 DOI: 10.1007/s00269-023-01260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The cations of an ordered omphacite from the Tauern window were gradually disordered in piston cylinder experiments at temperatures between 850 and 1150 °C. The samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction and then investigated using low-temperature calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. The low-temperature heat capacity data were used to obtain the vibrational entropies, and the line broadening of the IR spectra served as a tool to investigate the disordering enthalpy. These data were then used to calculate the configurational entropy as a function of temperature. The vibrational entropy does not change during the cation ordering phase transition from space group C2/c to P2/n at 865 °C but increases with a further temperature increase due to the reduction of short-range order. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00269-023-01260-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Benisek
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Edgar Dachs
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael A. Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Bastian Joachim-Mrosko
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Noreen M. Vielreicher
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manfred Wildner
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Amin M, Gragnoli C. The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) is linked and associated with the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:222. [PMID: 37993904 PMCID: PMC10664635 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) may contribute to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) since it plays important roles in physiological ovarian functions. PRLR-knockout mice have irregular cycles and subfertility and variants in or around the PRLR gene were associated in humans with female testosterone levels and recurrent miscarriage. We tested 40 variants in the PRLR gene in 212 Italian families phenotyped by type 2 diabetes (T2D) and PCOS and found two intronic PRLR-variants (rs13436213 and rs1604428) significantly linked to and/or associated with the risk of PCOS. This is the first study to report PRLR as a novel risk gene in PCOS. Functional studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- INSERM, US14-Orphanet, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, 00197, Italy.
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Diego S, Morales A, Orgilés M. Benefits of Super Skills for Life in a randomized controlled trial in clinical settings for Spanish children with comorbid conditions. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37746750 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Emotional disorders in children are often associated with low self-concept and problems with peers, and in many cases externalizing symptoms. Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic treatment for emotional problems in children that has also shown benefits in other comorbid symptoms. This study aimed to examine, for the first time, the effect of SSL on a clinical sample of Spanish children aged 8-12 years with a major emotional disorder and comorbid externalizing symptoms and low self-concept. A quasi-experimental design with two groups, pretest and posttest, was carried out. Thirty-eight children received the SSL intervention, and 36 children were assigned to a wait-list control (WLC) group. Children in SSL showed statistically fewer posttest emotional symptoms (p < .001), peer problems (p = .002), and overall internalizing and externalizing difficulties (p = .005) compared to children in WLC, in addition to higher posttest self-concept (p = .002). There were no differences in the postinterventional changes between boys and girls in internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, significant differences were found in some facets of self-concept. The results of this study suggest that the SSL protocol may be useful in Spanish clinical contexts. Still, more research is needed to overcome some of the inherent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diego
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Alexandra Morales
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Mireia Orgilés
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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Bhargava D, Chávez Farías C, Ardizone García I, Mercuri LG, Bergman S, Anthony Pogrel M, Sidebottom AJ, Srouji S, Şentürk MF, Elavenil P, Moturi K, Anantanarayanan P, Bhargava PG, Singh VD. Recommendations on the Use of Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Current Evidence and Clinical Practice. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:579-589. [PMID: 37534353 PMCID: PMC10390439 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 'Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs)' denote an umbrella term that includes arthritic, musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and the associated tissues. Occlusal devices are one of the common treatment modalities utilized in the conservative management of TMDs. The indications for the available 'oral splints' or 'oral orthotic occlusal devices' remain ambiguous. Methods A joint international consortium was formulated involving the subject experts at TMJ Foundation, to resolve the current ambiguity regarding the use of oral orthotic occlusal appliance therapy for the temporomandibular joint disorders based on the current scientific and clinical evidence. Results The recommendations and the conclusion of the clinical experts of the joint international consort has been summarized for understanding the indications of the various available oral orthotic occlusal appliances and to aid in the future research on oral occlusal orthotics. Conclusion The use of the oral orthotic occlusal appliances should be based on the current available scientific evidence, rather than the archaic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Bhargava
- Joint International Consortium on Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMJ Foundation, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- DAMER India, Bhopal, India
| | - Camilo Chávez Farías
- Joint International Consortium on Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMJ Foundation, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Orofacial Pain and Dental Sleep Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ardizone García
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Orofacial Pain and Dental Sleep Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Louis G. Mercuri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Stryker/TMJ Concepts, Ventura, CA USA
| | - Suzie Bergman
- Joint International Consortium on Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMJ Foundation, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- Division for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Orthodontics, Dentistry On Officers Row, McGann Postgraduate School of Dentistry, Progressive Orthodontic Seminars, Vancouver, WA USA
| | - M. Anthony Pogrel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF School of Dentistry, UCSF Dental Center, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Andrew J. Sidebottom
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Temporomandibular Joint Related Surgery, Nottingham, UK
| | - Samer Srouji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Naharia, Israel
| | - Mehmet Fatih Şentürk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P. Elavenil
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kishore Moturi
- Joint International Consortium on Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMJ Foundation, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India
| | - P. Anantanarayanan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Preeti G. Bhargava
- Joint International Consortium on Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMJ Foundation, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Vankudoth Dal Singh
- Joint International Consortium on Oral Orthotic Occlusal Appliance Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMJ Foundation, TMJ Consultancy Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, India
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Warley F, Jauk F, Otero V, Rivello HG. Single-center "Argentine" analysis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: incidence, histopathological characteristics and EBV status. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023; 45 Suppl 2:S119-S125. [PMID: 36411235 PMCID: PMC10433319 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid proliferations occurring after solid organ or bone marrow transplantation. The primary aims of our study were to characterize cumulative incidence of PTLDs, clinical and pathological features according to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and survival. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study on adult and pediatric patients, from January 2001 to December 2017. The cumulative incidence of PTLD was calculated by analyzing all the patients transplanted at our hospital, based on the database of the Organ Donation and Ablation Authority of Argentina (INCUCAI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival. RESULTS Fifty-eight cases of biopsy-confirmed PTLD were identified and 12 cases of clinical data were incomplete and these patients were excluded. The median age at the time of the PTLD diagnosis was 17.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9 - 57). The median interval between transplant and PTLD diagnosis was 39 months (IQR 9 - 113). The most commonly transplanted organ was the liver (24 cases, 52.2%), followed by kidney (20 cases, 43.5%). The Epstein-Barr encoding region in situ hybridization (EBER ISH) was positive in 29 (69.8%) of the 43 evaluable biopsies. The PTLD cumulative incidence was 1.84% (95%CI 1.77 - 1.91) for solid organ and 0.84% (95%CI 0.48 - 1.2) for bone marrow transplant patients. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 0.77 (95%CI 0.61 - 0.87). Subgroups by the EBV EBER status, transplant type, PTLD subtype and age group (adult vs. pediatric) showed no statistically significant association with the overall survival. CONCLUSION The PTLD incidence was similar to that of previous series and the EBER did not appear as a relevant factor in our patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Jauk
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Otero
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Olaithe M, Hagen EW, Barnet JH, Eastwood PR, Bucks RS. OSA-Onset: An algorithm for predicting the age of OSA onset. Sleep Med 2023; 108:100-104. [PMID: 37348284 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES There is currently no way to estimate the period of time a person has had obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Such information would allow identification of people who have had an extended exposure period and are therefore at greater risk of other medical disorders; and enable consideration of disease chronicity in the study of OSA pathogenesis/treatment. METHOD The 'age of OSA Onset' algorithm was developed in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC), in participants who had ≥2 sleep studies and not using continuous positive airway pressure (n = 696). The algorithm was tested in a participant subset from the WSC (n = 154) and the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS; n = 705), those with an initial sleep study showing no significant OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) < 15 events/hr) and later sleep study showing moderate to severe OSA (AHI≥15 events/hr). RESULTS Regression analyses were performed to identify variables that predicted change in AHI over time (BMI, sex, and AHI; beta weights and intercept used in the algorithm). In the WSC and SHHS subsamples, the observed years with OSA was 3.6 ± 2.6 and 2.7 ± 0.6 years, the algorithm estimated years with OSA was 10.6 ± 8.2 and 9.0 ± 6.2 years. CONCLUSIONS The OSA-Onset algorithm estimated years of exposure to OSA with an accuracy of between 6.6 and 7.8 years (mean absolute error). Future studies are needed to determine whether the years of exposure derived from the OSA-Onset algorithm is related to worse prognosis, poorer cognitive outcomes, and/or poorer response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Erica W Hagen
- School of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- School of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Wade CM, Nuttall R, Liu S. Comprehensive analysis of geographic and breed-purpose influences on genetic diversity and inherited disease risk in the Doberman dog breed. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:7. [PMID: 37277858 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Publicly available phenotype data and genotyping array data from two citizen science projects: "Doberman Health Surveys" and "The Doberman Diversity Project" were analyzed to explore relative homozygosity, diversity, and disorder risk according to geographical locale and breeding purpose in the Doberman. RESULTS From the phenotypic data cohort, life expectancy of a Doberman at birth is 9.1 years. The leading causes of death were heart disease (accounting for 28% of deaths) and cancers (collectively accounting for 14% of deaths). By genotyping, the world Doberman population exists as four major cohorts (European exhibition-bred, Americas exhibition-bred, European work, Americas pet/informal). Considering the entire Doberman population, four genomic regions longer than 500 Kb are fixed in 90% or more of 3,226 dogs included in this study. The four fixed regions reside on two autosomal chromosomes: CFA3:0.8-2.3 Mb (1.55 Mb); CFA3: 57.9-59.8 Mb (1.8 Mb); CFA31:0-1.2 Mb (1.2 Mb); and CFA31:4.80-6.47 Mb (1.67 Mb). Using public variant call files including variants for eight Doberman pinschers, we observed 30 potentially functional alternate variants that were evolutionarily diverged relative to the wider sequenced dog population within the four strongly homozygous chromosomal regions. Effective population size (Ne) is a statistical measure of breed diversity at the time of sampling that approximates the number of unique individuals. The major identified sub-populations of Dobermans demonstrated Ne in the range 70-236. The mean level of inbreeding in the Doberman breed is 40% as calculated by the number of array variants in runs of homozygosity divided by the assayed genome size (excluding the X chromosome). The lowest observed level of inbreeding in the Dobermans assayed was 15% in animals that were first generation mixes of European and USA bred Dobermans. Array variant analysis shows that inter-crossing between European and USA-bred Dobermans has capacity to re-introduce variation at many loci that are strongly homozygous. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that efforts to improve breed diversity first should focus on regions with the highest fixation levels, but managers must ensure that mutation loads are not worsened by increasing the frequencies of rarer haplotypes in the identified regions. The analysis of global data identified regions of strong fixation that might impact known disorder risks in the breed. Plausible gene candidates for future analysis of the genetic basis of cardiac disease and cancer were identified in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Sophie Liu
- Doberman Diversity Project, Oakland, CA, USA
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Nasiri-Jahrodi A, Sheikholeslami FM, Barati M. Cladosporium tenuissimum-induced sinusitis in a woman with immune-deficiency disorder. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:637-643. [PMID: 37101101 PMCID: PMC10234976 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal sinusitis is a widespread infection that affects both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Reports of sinus fungal infections have increased due to recent advances in diagnosis. Furthermore, susceptible and immune-compromised patients play an important role in increasing the number of reported cases. Infections with lesser-known fungi have been reported infrequently around the world. This paper describes a Cladosporium tenuissimum infection caused by chronic fungal sinusitis in a woman who had traveled to several countries. We used morphological and molecular methods to confirm the infection. The infection is most likely caused by the use of sulfasalazine, which is related to the patient's rheumatism. Sulfasalazine inhibits neutrophilic chemoattractant lipid synthesis in neutrophils, which play a key role in antifungal immunity. The patient is also undergoing root canal therapy and has several upper jaw implants, which may have contributed to the development of sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abozar Nasiri-Jahrodi
- Department of Pathotabiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh-Maryam Sheikholeslami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathotabiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Banerjee A, Sarkar R, Dey S, Narayan A. Non-Hermitian Topological Phases: Principles and Prospects. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35. [PMID: 37130523 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acd1cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The synergy between non-Hermitian concepts and topological ideas have led to very fruitful activity in the recent years. Their interplay has resulted in a wide variety of new non-Hermitian topological phenomena being discovered. In this review, we present the key principles underpinning the topological features of non-Hermitian phases. Using paradigmatic models -- Hatano-Helson, non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger and non-Hermitian Chern insulator -- we illustrate the central features of non-Hermitian topological systems, including exceptional points, complex energy gaps and non-Hermitian symmetry classification. We discuss the non-Hermitian skin effect and the notion of the generalized Brillouin zone, which allows restoring the bulk-boundary correspondence. Using concrete examples, we examine the role of disorder, present the linear response framework, and analyze the Hall transport properties of non-Hermitian topological systems. We also survey the rapidly growing experimental advances in this field. Finally, we end by highlighting possible directions which, in our view, may be promising for explorations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Ronika Sarkar
- Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, INDIA
| | - Soumi Dey
- Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, INDIA
| | - Awadhesh Narayan
- SSCU, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
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Ziller C, Schlösser T, Schück K, Partos K. Local ties that bind: The role of perceived neighborhood cohesion and disorder for immigrants' national identification. Soc Sci Res 2023; 112:102803. [PMID: 37061319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Immigrants' identification with the receiving society is a core dimension of their integration process. Previous research has much focused on the relevance of language acquisition, job market placement, and intergroup friendship as drivers of identification. At the same time, neighborhoods as immediate living environments reflect a relevant experiential setting in which immigrants learn about the social fabric of the receiving society and to which degree (local) public authorities take their concerns into account. This study examines how perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion and disorder relate to immigrants' identification with the receiving society. Using geo-coded panel data from the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study, we find robust empirical evidence that high levels of perceived neighborhood social cohesion predict higher degrees of immigrants' national identification mainly by facilitating intergroup interaction. Our results suggest that perceptions of and experiences in immigrants' immediate living environments are highly relevant for outcomes related to their integration within the receiving society.
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Li S, Yuan H, Yang K, Li Q, Xiang M. Pancreatic sympathetic innervation disturbance in type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109319. [PMID: 37024024 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic sympathetic innervation can directly affect the function of islet. The disorder of sympathetic innervation in islets during the occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported to be controversial with the inducing factor unclarified. Several studies have uncovered the critical role that sympathetic signals play in controlling the local immune system. The survival and operation of endocrine cells can be regulated by immune cell infiltration in islets. In the current review, we focused on the impact of sympathetic signals working on islets cell regulation, and discussed the potential factors that can induce the sympathetic innervation disorder in the islets. We also summarized the effect of interference with the islet sympathetic signals on the T1D occurrence. Overall, complete understanding of the regulatory effect of sympathetic signals on islet cells and local immune system could facilitate to design better strategies to control inflammation and protect β cells in T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Keshan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Poole RL, Badonyi M, Cozens A, Foulds N, Marsh JA, Rahman S, Ross A, Schooley J, Straub V, Quigley AJ, FitzPatrick D, Lampe A. Expanding the neurodevelopmental phenotype associated with HK1 de novo heterozygous missense variants. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104696. [PMID: 36639056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies (NEDVIBA) is a recently described genetic condition caused by de novo missense HK1 variants. Phenotypic data is currently limited; only seven patients have been published to date. This descriptive case series of a further four patients with de novo missense HK1 variants, alongside integration of phenotypic data with the reported cases, aims to improve our understanding of the associated phenotype. We provide further evidence that de novo HK1 variants located within the regulatory-terminal domain and alpha helix are associated with neurological problems and visual problems. We highlight for the first time an association with a raised cerebrospinal fluid lactate and specific abnormalities to the basal ganglia on brain magnetic resonance imaging, as well as associated respiratory issues and swallowing/feeding difficulties. We propose that this distinctive neurodevelopmental phenotype could arise through disruption of the regulatory glucose-6-phosphate binding site and subsequent gain of function of HK1 within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Poole
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Mihaly Badonyi
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alison Cozens
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh Bio Quarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nicola Foulds
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Services, University of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alison Ross
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Centre, Ashgrove House, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK
| | - Joanna Schooley
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Services, University of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Alan J Quigley
- Paediatric Imaging Department, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh Bio Quarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David FitzPatrick
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anne Lampe
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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26
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Rasmussen-Barr E, Nordin M, Skillgate E. Are respiratory disorders risk factors for troublesome neck/shoulder pain? A study of a general population cohort in Sweden. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:659-666. [PMID: 36585528 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The etiology of neck/shoulder pain is complex. Our purpose was to investigate if respiratory disorders are risk factors for troublesome neck/shoulder pain in people with no or occasional neck/shoulder pain. METHODS This prospective cohort study was based on the Stockholm Public Health Cohorts (SPHC) 2006/2010 and the SPHC 2010/2014. We included adults who at baseline reported no or occasional neck/shoulder pain in the last six months, from the two subsamples (SPHC 06/10 n = 15 155: and SPHC 2010/14 n = 25 273). Exposures were self-reported asthma at baseline in SPHC 06/10 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) at baseline in SPHC 10/14. The outcome was having experienced at least one period of troublesome neck/shoulder pain which restricted work capacity or hindered daily activities to some or to a high degree during the past six months, asked for four years later. Binomial regression analyses were used to calculate risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Adjusted results indicate that those reporting to suffer from asthma at baseline had a higher risk of troublesome neck/shoulder pain at follow-up four years later (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10-2.01) as did those reporting to suffer from COPD (RR 2.12 95%CI 1.54-2.93). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that those with no or occasional neck/shoulder pain and reporting to suffer from asthma or COPD increase the risk for troublesome neck/shoulder pain over time. This highlights the importance of taking a multi-morbidity perspective into consideration in health care. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rasmussen-Barr
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, 144 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - M Nordin
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Environmental Medicine, Occupational and Industrial Orthopedic Center (OIOC), New York University, 63 Downing Street, New York, NY, 10014, USA
| | - E Skillgate
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal and Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet, University, Box 5605, 114 85, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ayubi E, Mansori K. Maternal Infection during Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health 2022; 51:2674-2687. [PMID: 36742242 PMCID: PMC9874197 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i12.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine the association between maternal infections during pregnancy with risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods A systematic literature search was performed utilizing the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to July 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to estimate pooled relative risk (RR). Heterogeneity, study quality and publication bias were assessed through I2 value, Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Egger's test, respectively. Results Thirteen articles involving 1401904 mother-child pairs were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that the risk of ADHD increased by 30% among children whose mothers took any infections during pregnancy (pooled RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.49; I2=85.5, P<0.001). Overall, the included studies were good in quality and no publication bias was found (P=0.23, Egger's test). Conclusion Maternal infections during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ayubi
- Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kamyar Mansori
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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28
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Dada T, Verma S, Gagrani M, Bhartiya S, Chauhan N, Satpute K, Sharma N. Ocular and Systemic Factors Associated with Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022; 16:179-191. [PMID: 36793269 PMCID: PMC9905876 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world. Although numerous factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, the main focus of management still remains lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) by medical or surgical therapy. However, a major challenge is that many glaucoma patients continue to progress despite good control of IOP. In this regard, the importance of other coexisting factors that may contribute to disease progression needs to be explored. Ophthalmologists need to be aware of ocular risk factors and the impact of systemic diseases and their medications, along with lifestyle modifications on the course of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and adopt a holistic approach in treating the eye as well as the patient to alleviate the suffering from glaucoma in a comprehensive manner. How to cite this article Dada T, Verma S, Gagrani M, et al. Ocular and Systemic Factors associated with Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022;16(3):179-191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Dada
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Meghal Gagrani
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shibal Bhartiya
- Senior consultant, Department of Opthalmology, fortis memorial research institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Satpute
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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29
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Rotstein E, von Rosen P, Karlström S, Knutsson JE, Rose N, Forslin E, Palmgren PJ, Tegerstedt G, Engberg H. Development and initial validation of a Swedish inventory to screen for symptoms of deficient perineum in women after vaginal childbirth: 'Karolinska Symptoms After Perineal Tear Inventory'. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:638. [PMID: 35964017 PMCID: PMC9375344 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineal tears are common after vaginal birth and may result in pelvic floor symptoms. However, there is no validated questionnaire that addresses long-term symptoms in women with a deficient perineum after vaginal birth. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a clinical screening inventory that estimates subjective symptoms in women with a deficient perineum more than one year after vaginal delivery. Material and methods The development and psychometric evaluation employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative strategies involved content validity and Think Aloud protocol for generation of items. The psychometric evaluation employed principal component analysis to reduce the number of items. The inventory was completed by women with persistent symptoms after perineal tears (N = 170). Results were compared to those of primiparous women giving birth by caesarean section (N = 54) and nulliparous women (N = 338). Results A preliminary 41-item inventory was developed, and the psychometric evaluation resulted in a final 11-item inventory. Women with confirmed deficient perineum after perineal trauma scored significantly higher on the symptoms inventory than women in control groups. A cut-off value of ≥ 8 could distinguish patients from controls with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (87–91%). Conclusions The Karolinska Symptoms After Perineal Tear Inventory, is a psychometrically valid 11-item patient-reported outcome measure for symptoms of deficient perineum more than one year after vaginal birth. More research is needed to validate the inventory in various patient populations as well as its use in pelvic floor interventions. The inventory has the potential to improve patient counseling and care in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04964-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Rotstein
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Philip von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Karlström
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jona Elings Knutsson
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Rose
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellinore Forslin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Västmanland Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Per J Palmgren
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Tegerstedt
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Engberg
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Omidkhoda SF, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron and its active ingredients against human disorders: A literature review on existing clinical evidence. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2022; 25:913-933. [PMID: 36159329 PMCID: PMC9464341 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.63378.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Saffron, the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., has been mentioned extensively in the traditional reference texts as a herbal medicine. Many clinical trials have been conducted on this valuable herbal substance and its main constituents following numerous cellular and animal assessments. In the present review, we have collected almost all of these clinical studies to clarify how much knowledge has clinically been achieved in this field so far and which scientific gaps are needed to be filled by more studies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted through a two-round search. First, we performed a general search for identifying the human disorders against which saffron was studied. Then, we searched specifically for the combination of saffron keywords and each disease name. Scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science were used for this search. Studies were collected through electronic databases from their inception up to August 2021. The largest number of these clinical studies represent the investigations into saffron efficacy in different neurological and mental disorders, particularly depression. This substance has clinically revealed significant protective effects against various types of depression, age-related macular degeneration, and allergic asthma. In some cases, such as sexual dysfunction, cognitive and metabolic disorder, the effects of saffron are still clinically open to dispute, or there are limited data on its positive influences. Overall, saffron and its constituents have promising effects on human disorders; however, it needs more clinical evidence or meta-analyses to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Farzaneh Omidkhoda
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38819042; Fax: +98-51-38823251;
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Muhammad H, Strayve DG, Narayan RR, Blayney DW, Delitto D. Surgical solution for a paraneoplastic neurodegenerative disorder. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2022; 7:e000928. [PMID: 35574257 PMCID: PMC9062873 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Muhammad
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel G Strayve
- Department of Surgery, Touro College and University System, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Raja R Narayan
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Douglas W Blayney
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel Delitto
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Di Stefano R, Di Pietro A, Talevi D, Rossi A, Socci V, Pacitti F, Rossi R. Personality disorders (PD) and interpersonal violence (IV) during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:11. [PMID: 35397587 PMCID: PMC8994418 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only did the ongoing CoronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic cause a massive number of casualties, but also there is growing concern that the burden of its psychological aftermaths will only show up years down the road. This systematic review summarises the existing literature reporting the impact of COVID-19 on personality disorders (PDs)-related violence. MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO were independently searched for relevant studies by two authors. Eligible studies had to be identifiable through database searching, published and fully accessible. This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An initial pool of 241 studies were found, out of which 69 met the selection criteria and were, therefore, included. The majority reported a worse Mental Health Outcome (MHO) during the pandemic as related to dysfunctional personality and positive personality traits predicting a better outcome. Furthermore, increased levels of interpersonal violence (IV) and self-directed violence were reported. Further research should be conducted on the reciprocal interaction of PDs and IV during the time of pandemic. Nevertheless, the dramatic impact of restrictive measures on PDs has still to be appropriately addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Di Stefano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Angelica Di Pietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dalila Talevi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Feeding difficulty is common in the pediatric population, particularly in at-risk infants, such as those born prematurely. Appropriate work-up should involve a multidisciplinary team and may commonly use modified barium swallow and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallow, in addition to history and physical examination. Structural causes of dysphagia may involve surgical management, whereas nonstructural causes may invoke medical therapies. If symptoms do not resolve following intervention, it is important to revisit the interdisciplinary team, because dysphagia is commonly multifactorial in origin. Appropriate identification and early intervention are necessary for successful outcomes in growth and development for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie E Moroco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nicole L Aaronson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nemours Children's Hospital of Delaware, 1600 Rockland Road Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
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El-Komy MHM, Gaballa B, Abdel-Halim MR. Longitudinal Erythro-Leukoxanthonychia Developing after PUVA Therapy. Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8:165-168. [PMID: 35419421 PMCID: PMC8928178 DOI: 10.1159/000519203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Basma Gaballa
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine/Cairo University/Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Any congenital or developmental abnormality of any part of the male or female
reproductive tract is a ‘disorder of sexual development’ (DSD). The
tricolored male cat phenotype, cryptorchidism, gonadal hypoplasia and
incidental abnormalities such as cystic remnants or embryonic ducts are
well-known feline DSDs. Clinical challenges: Full characterization of DSDs requires sex chromosome determination and
identification of genes related to development of the gonads, internal
tubular genitalia and external genitalia. Fortunately, affected cats are
seen sporadically and the clinical effects are usually minimal. Classification: The classification nomenclature has changed. In place of intersex,
hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphrodite and sex reversal, the newer standard
classification, based on sex chromosomes, designates sex chromosome DSD when
there is an abnormality in the sex chromosomes, and XX (female) and XY
(male) DSDs where there is not. Identification of the gonadal type (testes,
ovaries, ovotestes or gonadal dysgenesis) and documentation of the internal
and external genital components completes the classification. Evidence base: The original basis of the DSD classification was a consensus reached in
humans. It was quickly accepted in veterinary pathology, courtesy of its
logic and ease of application, and it has subsequently begun to appear in
peer-reviewed papers and clinical reviews. This article reviewing the
various disorders in cats is based on application of the classification and
draws on the feline peer-reviewed literature encompassing chromosome
analysis and definition of reproductive abnormalities, syndromes and
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Foster
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Ondry JC, Frechette LB, Geissler PL, Alivisatos AP. Trade-offs between Translational and Orientational Order in 2D Superlattices of Polygonal Nanocrystals with Differing Edge Count. Nano Lett 2022; 22:389-395. [PMID: 34935383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to identify factors which modulate structural order in 2D self-assembled superlattices of polygon-shaped colloidal nanocrystals. Using combined experimental and simulation techniques, we quantify order in superlattices of hexagonal prism-shaped CdSe/CdS nanocrystals and cube-shaped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Superlattices derived from cube-shaped nanocrystals display less translational order compared to hexagonal prism-shaped nanocrystals both experimentally and in simulations. This effect can be attributed to geometric considerations inherent to the combined rotational and translational symmetries of different polygonal shapes and their superlattices. Cubes form a simple cubic lattice where nanocrystals can slide without steric overlap, whereas hexagonal prisms interlock, preventing translation. Regarding orientational order, cube assemblies display a narrower orientation distribution. Intuitively, hexagonal prisms are a more "spherical" shape compared to cubes. The results presented here outline a conceptual framework for identifying superlattice structures which favor translationally and orientationally ordered self-assembled superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Layne B Frechette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phillip L Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Abstract
People with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Symptoms of ADHD emerge in childhood and can continue throughout adulthood. Clinical assessments to diagnose ADHD can include administration of continuous performance tests (CPTs). CPTs provide an objective measure of inattention, requiring individuals to respond to targets (attention), and inhibit response to non-targets (impulsivity). When investigating the mechanisms of, and novel treatments for, ADHD it is important to measure such behavioral domains (attention and impulsivity). Some well-established preclinical tasks purport to assess attention in rodents but, unlike CPTs, do not require non-target inhibition, limiting their ADHD-relevance.Recently developed tasks recreate CPTs for rodents. The 5-Choice CPT (5C-CPT) contains non-target stimuli, enabling use of signal detection theory to evaluate performance, consistent with CPTs. The 5C-CPT has been adapted for use in humans, enabling direct cross-species comparisons of performance. A newer task, the rodent CPT (rCPT), is a touchscreen-based analog of CPTs, utilizing symbols instead of a simple stimulus array. Currently, the rCPT may be more akin to a go/no-go task, equally presenting targets/non-targets, although numerous variants exist - a strength. The 5C-CPT and rCPT emulate human CPTs and provide the most up-to-date information on ADHD-relevant studies for understanding attention/impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny A Kenton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Bjorgaas HM, Elgen IB, Hysing M. Illness perception in children with cerebral palsy, a longitudinal cohort study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08558. [PMID: 34917821 PMCID: PMC8666649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The perception of a disorder could be of importance both in problem solving behaviors, and in the emotional approach towards a disorder. Aims In this paper, we wanted to assess changes in illness perception in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) over a four-year interval, to compare parental and self-ratings, and to assess illness perceptions according to co-occurring medical and psychiatric disorders. Methods Parents in a cohort of children with CP (N = 36), filled in the Illness Perception Questionnaire at age seven and again at age eleven, and self-reports were gathered at age eleven. Stability across time, informant differences and scores according to motor function, intellectual disability and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders were assessed. Results We found stable parental perceptions across a four –year interval. Parents reported significantly higher impact of CP on the child, than that reported by the child itself. In children with a more severe motor disability and/or co-occurring psychiatric disorders, parents reported significantly higher median scores for perceived impact of the CP condition on symptoms, duration of the condition, and impact on leisure activities, compared to those who had less severe motor disability and/or intellectual abilities within the normal range. Conclusions We propose that illness perception should be included in the follow-up of children with CP, as it may provide a mutual understanding between the child/family and professionals involved in follow-up services, with possible impact on treatment adherence and outcome of the condition. Parents reported significantly more negative impact of CP than their children. Parents reported stable perception of their child's CP across a four-year period. Parents and children reported significant impact of CP on leisure activities. Impact of CP was significant in children with co-occurring psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Marit Bjorgaas
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, Habu Stavanger, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger HF, Pb. 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Mari Hysing
- Dept. of Psychosocial Science, Pb. 7807, 5020, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. MBP has long been studied as a factor in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. One of the main theories on the pathogenesis of MS suggests that exposure to foreign antigens causes the activation of cross-reactive T cells in genetically susceptible individuals, with MBP being a possible autoantigen. While a direct role for MBP as a primary antigen in human MS is unclear, it is clear that MBP and its functions in myelin formation and long-term maintenance are linked to MS. This review looks at some key molecular characteristics of MBP and its relevance to MS, as well as the mechanisms of possible molecular mimicry between MBP and some viral antigens. We also discuss the use of serum anti-myelin antibodies as biomarkers for disease. MBP is a prime example of an apparently simple, but in fact biochemically and structurally complex molecule, which is closely linked to both normal nervous system development and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vebjørn Martinsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
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AlOtaibi A, Ben Shaber S, AlBatli A, AlGhamdi T, Murshid E. A systematic review of population-based gingival health studies among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:370-374. [PMID: 34803276 PMCID: PMC8589577 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is close to 1% in the United States of America and other countries. Special attention should be given to oral health in individuals with ASD as they are often affected by oral diseases. However, gingival health in children with ASD and adolescents is controversial in terms of the severity of disease and number of people affected. Aim To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the gingival health status of children and adolescents with ASD. Methods The search was conducted using eight databases for articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This search produced 742 relevant papers, but only five with sufficient data on gingival and plaque indices were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results The homogeneity of the sample was tested using the Cohen Q test, which identified significant heterogeneity (P < 0.0001), indicating the use of the random effect’s standard mean difference. Significantly higher gingival index and plaque index values were found in children and adolescents with ASD than in children without ASD. Conclusion Individuals with ASD need help and better access to oral healthcare. Further investigation is needed with regard to gingival health in individuals with ASD and caries risk assessment to understand how this disorder affects oral health. A standardized index for gingival health will help in the inclusion of more studies to assess gingival health in children and adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed AlOtaibi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ben Shaber
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlBatli
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal AlGhamdi
- Demonstrator, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtissam Murshid
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Cannabis is the most frequently used illegal psychoactive substance by older adults. With population aging, legalization and medicalization of cannabis, and changes in perceptions of older adults toward its use, recreational and medical cannabis use/misuse is on the rise in seniors. Although there are solid data related to the adverse events of cannabis in older adults, efficacy data are lacking. Older adults are at increased risk of developing cannabis use disorder alongside other medical and psychiatric comorbidities. We review the benefits and risks associated with cannabis use, and screening and management strategies for cannabis use disorder in older adults.
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Forsythe HM, Barbar E. The role of dancing duplexes in biology and disease. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2021; 183:249-70. [PMID: 34656330 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Across species, a common protein assembly arises: proteins containing structured domains separated by long intrinsically disordered regions, and dimerized through a self-association domain or through strong protein interactions. These systems are termed "IDP duplexes." These flexible dimers have roles in diverse pathologies including development of cancer, viral infections, and neurodegenerative disease. Here we discuss the role of disorder in IDP duplexes with similar domain architectures that bind hub protein, LC8. LC8-binding IDP duplexes are categorized into three groups: IDP duplexes that contain a self-association domain that is extended by LC8 binding, IDP duplexes that have no self-association domain and are dimerized through binding several copies of LC8, and multivalent LC8-binders that also have a self-association domain. Additionally, we discuss non-LC8-binding IDP duplexes with similar domain organizations, including the Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. We propose that IDP duplexes have structural features that are essential in many biological processes and that improved understanding of their structure function relationship will provide new therapeutic opportunities.
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43
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Dussault AC. The harmful-dysfunction account of disorder, individual versus social values, and the interpersonal variability of harm challenge. Med Health Care Philos 2021; 24:453-467. [PMID: 33966154 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-021-10021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the interpersonal variability of harm challenge to Jerome Wakefield's harmful-dysfunction account (HDA) of disorder. This challenge stems from the seeming fact that what promotes well-being or is harmful to someone varies much more across individuals than what is intuitively healthy or disordered. This makes it at least prima facie difficult to see how judgments about health and disorder could, as harm-requiring accounts of disorder like the HDA maintain, be based on, or closely linked to, judgments about well-being and harm. This interpersonal variability of harm challenge is made salient by the difficulty faced by harm-requiring accounts of disorder in dealing satisfactorily with cases of intuitively disordered conditions that seem harmless because they do not deprive the individuals that they affect of anything that they value (e.g., desired infertility). I argue that this challenge is made more serious for the HDA by some clarifications Wakefield has recently made on harm. In recent publications, Wakefield dissociates himself from the sheer cultural-relativist view of harm attributed to him by some critics based on his linkage of harm to social values, and adopts a more qualified social-values-based view of harm that leaves room for criticism of the values endorsed by members of a cultural group at a given time. I show how Wakefield's qualified view makes it more difficult for the HDA to deal with the interpersonal variability of harm challenge, at least when applied to a Western cultural context where a high value is placed on autonomy and individual choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine C Dussault
- Collège Lionel-Groulx, 100 Rue Duquet, Sainte-Thérèse, Québec, J7E 3G6, Canada.
- Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Parlar M, MacKillop E, Petker T, Murphy J, MacKillop J. Cannabis Use, Age of Initiation, and Neurocognitive Performance: Findings from a Large Sample of Heavy Drinking Emerging Adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:533-45. [PMID: 34261551 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617721000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning, including self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in a large sample of emerging adults (ages 21-25) using a cross-sectional design. A secondary objective was to examine age of cannabis initiation as a moderator. METHODS Participants were high-risk drinking emerging adults (n = 598) reporting past-month cannabis use in the following categories: 1) non-users (i.e., never or not in the past month; n = 276), 2) occasional users (i.e., monthly or weekly users; n = 201), and 3) daily users (n = 121). Categorical comparisons were conducted on working memory, attention, behavioral inhibition, delay and probability discounting, verbal intelligence, and ADHD symptoms. Complementary dimensional analyses examined cannabis severity in relation to neurocognition using regressions. Covariates were age, race, sex, income, years of education, tobacco use, and alcohol use. RESULTS Frequency of cannabis use was significantly associated with poorer working memory performance, more impulsive delay discounting, and greater endorsement of ADHD symptoms, but not other domains. Effect sizes were small and poorer performance was selectively present among daily, not occasional, cannabis users. Earlier age of initiation was not independently or interactively associated with neurocognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Daily cannabis use was selectively adversely associated with aspects of memory, impulsivity, and subjective attentional functioning, but most cognitive indicators were not implicated, and evidence of amplification by earlier age of initiation was not observed. Ascertaining causal versus consequential roles of cannabis in neurocognitive functioning is an important priority.
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Abstract
NMR chemical shifts (CSs) are delicate reporters of local protein structure, and recent advances in random coil CS (RCCS) prediction and interpretation now offer the compelling prospect of inferring small populations of structure from small deviations from RCCSs. Here, we present CheSPI, a simple and efficient method that provides unbiased and sensitive aggregate measures of local structure and disorder. It is demonstrated that CheSPI can predict even very small amounts of residual structure and robustly delineate subtle differences into four structural classes for intrinsically disordered proteins. For structured regions and proteins, CheSPI provides predictions for up to eight structural classes, which coincide with the well-known DSSP classification. The program is freely available, and can either be invoked from URL www.protein-nmr.org as a web implementation, or run locally from command line as a python program. CheSPI generates comprehensive numeric and graphical output for intuitive annotation and visualization of protein structures. A number of examples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Toudahl Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Frans A A Mulder
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Carroll D, Wulan N, Swe ZY, Myint AA, Sanda S, Lwin AM, Oo T, Khaing LL, San CC, Tun WPP, Cini K, Win PM, Azzopardi P. Mental health of adolescents in Myanmar: A systematic review of prevalence, determinants and interventions. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102650. [PMID: 34004460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental phase where mental disorders typically manifest and where platforms for response (including schools and health services) change rapidly. However, data to inform public mental health responses are limited, including in countries like Myanmar which has a large adolescent population and where mental health has been identified as a priority of policy. In this paper we sought to systematically review the peer-reviewed and grey literature to determine (i) the prevalence of mental disorder among adolescents in Myanmar, (ii) determinants of mental disorder and (iii) interventions that have been implemented and evaluated. Nine publications met inclusion criteria (7 peer-reviewed and 2 grey literature) that included 7 publications reporting prevalence, 6 reporting correlates and one an intervention. The available data from the 2016 Global School-based Health Survey highlight that depression (27.2%) and suicidal ideation (9.4%) are prevalent in Myanmar, and these rates are substantially higher than regional averages. The limited available data on correlates identified violence and bullying, alcohol and substance use, and home, family and community security and cohesion as being closely related to mental health for adolescents. Only one study focussed on interventions and this found mindfulness meditation training to be an effective approach for young people whose parents were affected by HIV. These findings underscore the need to address adolescent mental health in Myanmar, but also to invest in better data collection efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nisaa Wulan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Sanda Sanda
- Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | | | - Tin Oo
- University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Cho Cho San
- Department of Psychology, Yangon University of Distance Education, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Win Pa Pa Tun
- Department of Psychology, Yangon University of Distance Education, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Karly Cini
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Maddock A, Blair C, Ean N, Best P. Psychological and social interventions for mental health issues and disorders in Southeast Asia: a systematic review. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:56. [PMID: 34090491 PMCID: PMC8178881 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-021-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health issues and disorders are major public health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia, where chronic shortages in mental health services and human resources exist. The development of effective and accessible mental health systems in Southeast Asia will require evidence based psychological and social interventions. This systematic review provides a narrative synthesis of the evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions for mental health issues and disorders in Southeast Asia. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of 7 electronic databases (PsycINFO, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, APA PsycArticles, and Social Care Online) was undertaken. RESULTS Thirty two studies employing RCT designs to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of psychological and social mental health interventions on a number of different mental health outcomes were included in this review. The disparate intervention programmes reviewed were categorised as: lay delivered, yoga, aerobic and/or meditation based, cognitive behavioural therapy oriented, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing based (EMDR), health worker delivered, and hybrid programmes. The majority of the studies included in this review were of low to moderate quality due to the variability in the quality of the study design. The highest quality, and most promising evidence came from the evaluations of lay delivered interventions. This evidence demonstrates the feasibility and potential sustainability of implementing such interventions in resource constrained contexts. CONCLUSIONS The review findings indicate that a disparate array of mental health interventions can be implemented effectively in a range of Southeast Asian mental health and health settings. There is a clear need for significantly more research however, through higher quality and larger scale RCTs before it will be known more definitively, if these interventions are effective, and for whom they are most effective in different Southeast Asian contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Maddock
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK.
| | - Carolyn Blair
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
| | - Nil Ean
- Department of Psychology, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Best
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
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Hopwood CJ, Pincus AL, Wright AGC. Six assumptions of contemporary integrative interpersonal theory of personality and psychopathology. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 41:65-70. [PMID: 33901924 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory is an evidence-based model of personality, psychopathology, and intervention. In this article, we review six assumptions of contemporary integrative interpersonal theory that distinguish it from other frameworks and suggest five particularly promising and important areas for future research.
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Abstract
Justice-involved people vary substantially in their risk of reoffending. To date, recidivism prediction and prevention efforts have largely focused on individual-level factors like antisocial traits. Although a growing body of research has examined the role of residential contexts in predicting reoffending, results have been equivocal. One reason for mixed results may be that an individual's susceptibility to contextual influence depends upon his or her accumulated risk of reoffending. Based on a sample of 2218 people on probation in San Francisco, California, this study draws on observational and secondary data to test the hypothesis that individual risk moderates the effect of neighborhood factors on recidivism. Results from survival analyses indicate that individual risk interacts with neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and disorder-and these factors increase recidivism among people relatively low in individual risk, but not those at higher risk. This is consistent with the disadvantage saturation perspective, raising the possibility that some people classified as low risk might not recidivate but for placement in disadvantaged and disorderly neighborhoods. Ultimately, residential contexts "matter" for lower risk people and may be useful to consider in efforts to prevent recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Jacobs
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Skeem
- School of Social Welfare & Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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50
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Murphy-Ruiz PC, Arch-Tirado E, Leyva-Cárdenas MG, Adame-Calderón AL, Villarruel-Rivas MC, Lino-González AL. Clinical and sociodemographic findings in a cohort of 4632 pediatric patients with language, speech and learning disorders. CIR CIR 2021; 89:223-232. [PMID: 33784272 DOI: 10.24875/ciru.20000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO Describir y analizar aspectos clínicos y sociodemográficos de una cohorte de pacientes con trastornos del lenguaje, del habla y del aprendizaje. MÉTODO Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se seleccionaron expedientes de 4632 pacientes (años 2011 a 2015). Se calcularon medias, desviaciones estándar, porcentajes y frecuencias, Con la finalidad de evaluar si existía diferencia significativa entre variables se utilizó la prueba de ji al cuadrado y se realizó un análisis de probabilidad condicional entre las variables para obtener la probabilidad a priori y a posteriori. RESULTADOS Los trastornos del lenguaje, del habla y del aprendizaje se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino, con 3358 pacientes (72.5%). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el trastorno del lenguaje, diagnosticado en 2924 pacientes (63.1%). Se encontraron mayores incidencia y prevalencia de retraso del lenguaje en el sexo masculino (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES De todas las variables estudiadas, solo la incidencia de retraso en el desarrollo del lenguaje con respecto al sexo masculino fue significativa; de cada cuatro pacientes, tres eran de sexo masculino y uno de sexo femenino. OBJECTIVE To describe and analyze clinical and sociodemographic aspects of a cohort of patients with language, speech and learning disorder. METHOD Descriptive retrospective study. Patient records (2011 to 2015) were selected, making up a total of 4632. Averages, standard deviations, percentages and frequencies were calculated; in order to assess whether there was a significant difference between variables, chi squared test and a conditional probability analysis was performed between the variables to obtain a priori and a posteriori probability. RESULTS Disorders of language, speech and learning occurred more frequently in males, 3358 patients (72.5%). The most frequent diagnosis was language development disorder, diagnosed in 2924 patients (63.1%). A higher incidence and prevalence of language delay were found for the male sex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Of all the variables studied, only the incidence of delay in language development with respect to the male sex was significant; three out of four patients were male and 1 female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina C Murphy-Ruiz
- Servicio de Patología del Lenguaje, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
| | | | | | - Ana L Adame-Calderón
- Servicio de Patología del Lenguaje, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
| | | | - Ana L Lino-González
- Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurociencia Clínica, Área de Discapacidad del Lenguaje, Voz y Audición, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra. Ciudad de México, México
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