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Xiao X, Shen X, Tie Y, Zhao Y, Yang R, Li Y, Li W, Tang L, Li R, Wang YX, Hu W. Stepwise Aggregation Control of PEDOT:PSS Enabled High-Conductivity, High-Resolution Printing of Polymer Electrodes for Transparent Organic Phototransistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38776472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a widely employed technology to create high-resolution patterns and thus has enormous potential for circuit production. However, achieving both high conductivity and high resolution in printed polymer electrodes is a challenging task. Here, by modulating the aggregation state of the conducting polymer in the solution and solid phases, a stable and continuous jetting of PEDOT:PSS is realized, and high-conductivity electrode arrays are prepared. The line width reaches less than 5 μm with a record-high conductivity of 1250 S/cm. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are further developed by combining printed source/drain electrodes with ultrathin organic semiconductor crystals. These OFETs show great light sensitivity, with a specific detectivity (D*) value of 2.86 × 1014 Jones. In addition, a proof-of-concept fully transparent phototransistor is demonstrated, which opens up new pathways to multidimensional optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Tie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Yuan M, Qiu Y, Gao H, Feng J, Jiang L, Wu Y. Molecular Electronics: From Nanostructure Assembly to Device Integration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7885-7904. [PMID: 38483827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Integrated electronics and optoelectronics based on organic semiconductors have attracted considerable interest in displays, photovoltaics, and biosensing owing to their designable electronic properties, solution processability, and flexibility. Miniaturization and integration of devices are growing trends in molecular electronics and optoelectronics for practical applications, which requires large-scale and versatile assembly strategies for patterning organic micro/nano-structures with simultaneously long-range order, pure orientation, and high resolution. Although various integration methods have been developed in past decades, molecular electronics still needs a versatile platform to avoid defects and disorders due to weak intermolecular interactions in organic materials. In this perspective, a roadmap of organic integration technologies in recent three decades is provided to review the history of molecular electronics. First, we highlight the importance of long-range-ordered molecular packing for achieving exotic electronic and photophysical properties. Second, we classify the strategies for large-scale integration of molecular electronics through the control of nucleation and crystallographic orientation, and evaluate them based on factors of resolution, crystallinity, orientation, scalability, and versatility. Third, we discuss the multifunctional devices and integrated circuits based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and photodetectors. Finally, we explore future research directions and outlines the need for further development of molecular electronics, including assembly of doped organic semiconductors and heterostructures, biological interfaces in molecular electronics and integrated organic logics based on complementary FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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3
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Zhao P, Wang X, Tong Y, Zhao X, Tang Q, Liu Y. Transfer-Printing of Insoluble Conducting Polymer for Soft 3D Conformal All-Organic Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309263. [PMID: 38321840 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-precision insoluble conducting polymer patterns for soft electronics is extremely challenging, mainly because of the incompatibility of the synthesis process with the underlying layers. In this study, a novel transfer-printing method is designed that enables the fabrication of photolithographic insoluble conducting polypyrrole (PPy) electrode patterns on soft substrates with high precision, demonstrating compatibility with various soft organic functional layers. Excellent mechanical stability, good biocompatibility, ultra-smooth surface, and outstanding conformability are observed. The photolithographic PPy electrode patterns, combined with an elastic organic semiconductor and dielectric, produce conformal all-organic transistors with mobility of 1.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This study paves the way to use insoluble conducting polymers to develop complex, high-density flexible patterns and offers a promising organic electrode for the new-generation soft all-organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
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4
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Sun P, Hao X, Jin Y, Yin Y, Wu C, Zhang J, Gao L, Wang S, Wang Z. Heterogenous Slippery Surfaces: Enabling Spontaneous and Rapid Transport of Viscous Liquids with Viscosities Exceeding 10 000 mPa s. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304218. [PMID: 37649201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic and slippery lubricant-infused surfaces have garnered significant attention for their potential to passively transport low-viscosity liquids like water (1 mPa s). Despite exciting progress, these designs have proven ineffective for transporting high-viscosity liquids such as polydimethylsiloxane (5500 mPa s) due to their inherent limitations imposed by the homogenous surface design, resulting in high viscous drags and compromised capillary forces. Here, a heterogenous water-infused divergent surface (WIDS) is proposed that achieves spontaneous, rapid, and long-distance transport of viscous liquids. WIDS reduces viscous drag by spatially isolating the viscous liquids and surface roughness through its heterogenous, slippery topological design, and generates capillary forces through its heterogenous wetting distributions. The essential role of surface heterogeneity in viscous liquid transport is theoretically and experimentally verified. Remarkably, such a heterogenous paradigm enables transporting liquids with viscosities exceeding 12 500 mPa s, which is two orders of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art techniques. Furthermore, this heterogenous design is generic for various viscous liquids and can be made flexible, making it promising for various systems that require viscous liquid management, such as micropatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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5
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Tan J, Guo Y, Guo W. Diameter-Optimum Spreading for the Impinging of Water Nanodroplets on Solid Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10504-10510. [PMID: 37462343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The impinging of water nanodroplets on solid surfaces is crucial to many nanotechnologies. Through large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, the size effect on the spreading of water nanodroplets after impinging on hydrophilic, graphite, and hydrophobic surfaces under low impinging velocities has been systematically studied. The spreading rates of nanodroplets first increase and then decrease and gradually become constant with the increase of nanodroplet diameter. The nanodroplets with the diameters of 17-19 nm possess the highest spreading rates because of the combined effect of the strongest interfacial interaction and the strongest surface interaction within water molecules. The highest water molecule densities, hydrogen bond numbers, and dielectric constants of interface and surface layers mainly contribute to the lowest interface work of adhesion and surface tension values at optimal diameters. These results unveil the nonmonotonic characteristics of spreading velocity, interface work of adhesion and surface tension with nanodroplet diameter for nanodroplets on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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6
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Miao W, Tian S, Yuan Q, Tian Y, Jiang L. Direct observation of spreading precursor liquids in a corner. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad119. [PMID: 37266559 PMCID: PMC10232046 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Precursor liquid is a nanoscale liquid creeping ahead of the macroscopic edge of spreading liquids, whose behaviors tightly correlate with the three-phase reaction efficiency and patterning accuracy. However, the important spatial-temporal characteristic of the precursor liquid still remains obscure because its real-time spreading process has not been directly observed. Here, we report that the spreading ionic liquid precursors in a silicon corner can be directly captured on video using in situ scanning electron microscopy. In situ spreading videos show that the precursor liquid spreads linearly over time ([Formula: see text]) rather than obeying the classic Lucas-Washburn law ([Formula: see text]) and possesses a characteristic width of ∼250-310 nm. Theoretical analyses and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the unique behaviors of precursor liquids originate from the competing effect of van der Waals force and surface energy. These findings provide avenues for directly observing liquid/solid interfacial phenomena on a microscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Miao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Ye Tian
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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7
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Liu W, Lu Y, Shen Y, Chen H, Ni Y, Xu Y. Spontaneous Transport Mechanics of Water Droplets under a Synergistic Action of Designed Pattern and Non-Wetting Gradient. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16450-16458. [PMID: 37179628 PMCID: PMC10173426 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The controllable spontaneous transport of water droplets on solid surfaces has a broad application background in daily life. Herein, a patterned surface with two different non-wetting characteristics was developed to control the droplet transport behavior. Consequently, the patterned surface exhibited great water-repellant properties in the superhydrophobic region, and the water contact angle reached 160° ± 0.2°. Meanwhile, the water contact angle on the wedge-shaped hydrophilic region dropped to 22° after UV irradiation treatment. On this basis, the maximum transport distance of water droplets could be observed on the sample surface with a small wedge angle of 5° (10.62 mm), and the maximum average transport velocity of droplets was obtained on the sample surface with a large wedge angle of 10° (218.01 mm/s). In terms of spontaneous droplet transport on an inclined surface (4°), both the 8 μL droplet and 50 μL droplet could move upward against gravity, which showed that the sample surface possessed an obvious driving force for droplet transport. Surface non-wetting gradient and the wedge-shaped pattern provided unbalanced surface tension to produce the driving forces in the process of droplet transport, and the Laplace pressure as well is produced inside the water droplet during this process. This work provides a new strategy to develop a patterned superhydrophobic surface for droplet transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Liu
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- College
of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing
University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Shen
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- College
of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing
University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
- . Phone: +86 25 52112911
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Qiuzhen School, Huzhou University, 759#
East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, P. R. China
| | - Yaru Ni
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- . Phone: +86 25 83587220
| | - Yangjiangshan Xu
- College
of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing
University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
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Yang L, Hu H, Scholz A, Feist F, Cadilha Marques G, Kraus S, Bojanowski NM, Blasco E, Barner-Kowollik C, Aghassi-Hagmann J, Wegener M. Laser printed microelectronics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1103. [PMID: 36843156 PMCID: PMC9968718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Printed organic and inorganic electronics continue to be of large interest for sensors, bioelectronics, and security applications. Many printing techniques have been investigated, albeit often with typical minimum feature sizes in the tens of micrometer range and requiring post-processing procedures at elevated temperatures to enhance the performance of functional materials. Herein, we introduce laser printing with three different inks, for the semiconductor ZnO and the metals Pt and Ag, as a facile process for fabricating printed functional electronic devices with minimum feature sizes below 1 µm. The ZnO printing is based on laser-induced hydrothermal synthesis. Importantly, no sintering of any sort needs to be performed after laser printing for any of the three materials. To demonstrate the versatility of our approach, we show functional diodes, memristors, and a physically unclonable function based on a 6 × 6 memristor crossbar architecture. In addition, we realize functional transistors by combining laser printing and inkjet printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 215127, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hongrong Hu
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Scholz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Feist
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gabriel Cadilha Marques
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steven Kraus
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Wang L, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field-effect transistors and functional circuits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:795-835. [PMID: 36562312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in many areas, and can withstand large deformations and form close contact with curved surfaces. Stretchable conductors are vital components of stretchable electronic devices used in wearables, soft robots, and human-machine interactions. Recent advances in stretchable conductors have motivated basic scientific and technological research efforts. Here, we outline and analyse the development of stretchable conductors in transistors and circuits, and examine advances in materials, device engineering, and preparation technologies. We divide the existing approaches to constructing stretchable transistors with stretchable conductors into the following two types: geometric engineering and intrinsic stretchability engineering. Finally, we consider the challenges and outlook in this field for delivering stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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10
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Kumar S, Charitatos V. Influence of Surface Roughness on Droplet Evaporation and Absorption: Insights into Experiments from Lubrication-Theory-Based Models. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15889-15904. [PMID: 36519694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While solid substrates are often idealized as being perfectly smooth, all real surfaces possess some level of topographical and chemical heterogeneity. This heterogeneity can greatly influence droplet dynamics. Mathematical models based on lubrication theory that account for surface roughness reveal how topographical defects induce contact-line pinning and affect the deposition patterns of colloidal particles suspended in the droplet. Contact-line pinning profoundly changes the behavior of droplet evaporation on horizontal and inclined impermeable substrates and droplet absorption on horizontal permeable substrates. Models accounting for surface roughness yield predictions that are qualitatively consistent with experimental observations and also provide insight into the underlying physical mechanisms. These models are a foundation for the exploration of a rich array of problems concerning droplet dynamics which are of both fundamental and practical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vasileios Charitatos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Zhang Q, Bai X, Li Y, Zhang X, Tian D, Jiang L. Ultrastable Super-Hydrophobic Surface with an Ordered Scaly Structure for Decompression and Guiding Liquid Manipulation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16843-16852. [PMID: 36222751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Directional droplet manipulation is very crucial in microfluidics, intelligent liquid management, etc. However, excessive liquid pressure tends to destroy the solid-gas-liquid (SAL) composite interface, creating a highly adhesive surface, which is not conducive to liquid transport. Herein, we propose a strategy to enhance the surface durability, in which the surface cannot withstand liquid pressure only by "blocking" but must instead guide liquid transport for "decompression". Learning from the water resistance of water strider legs and the drag reduction of shark skin, we present a continuous integrated system to obtain an ultrastable super-hydrophobic surface with a highly ordered scaly structure via a liquid flow-induced alignment method for lossless unidirectional liquid transport. The nonwetting scaly structure can both buffer liquid pressure and drive droplet motion to further reduce the vertical pressure of the liquid. Moreover, droplets can be manipulated unidirectionally using a voice. This work could aid in manufacturing scalable anisotropic micro-nanostructure surfaces, which inspires efforts in realizing lossless continuous liquid control on demand and related microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100191, P. R. China
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12
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Self-assembly of highly ordered micro- and nanoparticle deposits. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3085. [PMID: 35654770 PMCID: PMC9163176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaporation of particle-laden sessile droplets is associated with capillary-driven outward flow and leaves nonuniform coffee-ring-like particle patterns due to far-from-equilibrium effects. Traditionally, the surface energies of the drop and solid phases are tuned, or external forces are applied to suppress the coffee-ring; however, achieving a uniform and repeatable particle deposition is extremely challenging. Here, we report a simple, scalable, and noninvasive technique that yields uniform and exceptionally ordered particle deposits on a microscale surface area by placing the droplet on a near neutral-wet shadow mold attached to a hydrophilic substrate. The simplicity of the method, no external forces, and no tuning materials' physiochemical properties make the present generic approach an excellent candidate for a wide range of sensitive applications. We demonstrate the utility of this method for fabricating ordered mono- and multilayer patternable coatings, producing nanofilters with controlled pore size, and creating reproducible functionalized nanosensors.
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13
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Han X, Li J, Tang X, Li W, Zhao H, Yang L, Wang L. Droplet Bouncing: Fundamentals, Regulations, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200277. [PMID: 35306734 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Droplet impact is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, daily life, and industrial processes. It is thus crucial to tune the impact outcomes for various applications. As a special outcome of droplet impact, the bouncing of droplets keeps the form of the droplets after the impact and minimizes the energy loss during the impact, being beneficial in many applications. A unified understanding of droplet bouncing is in high demand for effective development of new techniques to serve applications. This review shows the fundamentals, regulations, and applications of millimeter-sized droplet bouncing on solid surfaces and same/miscible liquids (liquid pool and another droplet). Regulation methods and current applications are summarized, and potential directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
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14
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Park B, Park J, Kim W, Na SY, Huh YH, Kim M, Choi EH. Light‐Emitting Microinlaid Spots Produced through Lateral Phase Separation by Means of Simple Single‐Inkjet Printing. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byoungchoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
- Department of Plasma-Bio Display Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
- Department of Plasma-Bio Display Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
| | - Wonsun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
| | - Seo Young Na
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Huh
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
- Department of Plasma-Bio Display Kwangwoon University Wolgye-Dong Seoul 01897 South Korea
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15
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Lemarchand J, Bridonneau N, Battaglini N, Carn F, Mattana G, Piro B, Zrig S, Noël V. Challenges, Prospects, and Emerging Applications of Inkjet-Printed Electronics: A Chemist's Point of View. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200166. [PMID: 35244321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the development of new functional inks, inkjet-printed electronics has achieved several milestones upon moving from the integration of simple electronic elements (e.g., temperature and pressure sensors, RFID antennas, etc.) to high-tech applications (e.g. in optoelectronics, energy storage and harvesting, medical diagnosis). Currently, inkjet printing techniques are limited by spatial resolution higher than several micrometers, which sets a redhibitorythreshold for miniaturization and for many applications that require the controlled organization of constituents at the nanometer scale. In this Review, we present the physico-chemical concepts and the equipment constraints underpinning the resolution limit of inkjet printing and describe the contributions from molecular, supramolecular, and nanomaterials-based approaches for their circumvention. Based on these considerations, we propose future trajectories for improving inkjet-printing resolution that will be driven and supported by breakthroughs coming from chemistry. Please check all text carefully as extensive language polishing was necessary. Title ok? Yes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florent Carn
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes CNRS, UMR 7057, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Piro
- Université de Paris, CNRS, ITODYS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Samia Zrig
- Université de Paris, CNRS, ITODYS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Noël
- Université de Paris, CNRS, ITODYS, 75013, Paris, France
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16
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Tong J, Doumbia A, Khan RU, Rahmanudin A, Turner ML, Casiraghi C. Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Quantitative Monitoring of the Molecular Dynamics of Crystallization at the Solid-Liquid Interface. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2643-2649. [PMID: 35324207 PMCID: PMC9098175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of molecular dynamics at the solid-liquid interface are of crucial importance in a wide range of fields, such as heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, nanofluidics, biosensing, and crystallization. In particular, the molecular dynamics associated with nucleation and crystal growth is very challenging to study because of the poor sensitivity or limited spatial/temporal resolution of the most widely used analytical techniques. We demonstrate that electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) are able to monitor in real-time the crystallization process in an evaporating droplet. The high sensitivity of these devices at the solid-liquid interface, through the electrical double layer and signal amplification, enables the quantification of changes in solute concentration over time and the transport rate of molecules at the solid-liquid interface during crystallization. Our results show that EGOFETs offer a highly sensitive and powerful, yet simple approach to investigate the molecular dynamics of compounds crystallizing from water.
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17
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Concentration gradients in evaporating binary droplets probed by spatially resolved Raman and NMR spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111989119. [PMID: 35377781 PMCID: PMC9169657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111989119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imagine you spill your drink and miss some spots when cleaning up. The next morning you notice that the stains look quite different on different surfaces. What has happened? In droplets of liquid mixtures, the components evaporate at different rates, which leads to gradients in concentration and surface tension. These gradients can cause, for example, so-called Marangoni flows, which in turn affect the evaporation process. To better understand evaporation-induced liquid flows, the concentration gradients have to be measured without disturbing the liquid. Marker molecules might be surface-active or even may affect the evaporation process. We report here on marker-free and contactless measurements of concentrations by spatially resolved Raman and NMR spectroscopy in evaporating binary droplets. Understanding the evaporation process of binary sessile droplets is essential for optimizing various technical processes, such as inkjet printing or heat transfer. Liquid mixtures whose evaporation and wetting properties may differ significantly from those of pure liquids are particularly interesting. Concentration gradients may occur in these binary droplets. The challenge is to measure concentration gradients without affecting the evaporation process. Here, spectroscopic methods with spatial resolution can discriminate between the components of a liquid mixture. We show that confocal Raman microscopy and spatially resolved NMR spectroscopy can be used as complementary methods to measure concentration gradients in evaporating 1-butanol/1-hexanol droplets on a hydrophobic surface. Deuterating one of the liquids allows analysis of the local composition through the comparison of the intensities of the C–H and C–D stretching bands in Raman spectra. Thus, a concentration gradient in the evaporating droplet was established. Spatially resolved NMR spectroscopy revealed the composition at different positions of a droplet evaporating in the NMR tube, an environment in which air exchange is less pronounced. While not being perfectly comparable, both methods—confocal Raman and spatially resolved NMR experiments—show the presence of a vertical concentration gradient as 1-butanol/1-hexanol droplets evaporate.
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18
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Lv G, Tian H, Shao J, Yu D. Pattern formation in thin polymeric films via electrohydrodynamic patterning. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9681-9697. [PMID: 35424937 PMCID: PMC8959450 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The free surface of a thin polymeric film is often unstable and deforms into various micro-/nano-patterns under an externally applied electric field. This paper reviews a recent patterning technique, electrohydrodynamic patterning (EHDP), a straightforward, cost-effective and contactless bottom-up method. The theoretical and numerical studies of EHDP are shown. How the characteristic wavelength and the characteristic time depend on both the external conditions (such as voltage, film thickness, template-substrate spacing) and the initial polymer properties (such as rheological property, electrical property and surface tension) is theoretically and experimentally discussed. Various possible strategies for fabricating high-aspect-ratio or hierarchical patterns are theoretically and experimentally reviewed. Aligning and ordering of the anisotropic polymers by EHDP is emphasized. A perspective, including novelty and limitations of the methods, particularly in comparison to some conventional patterning techniques, and a possible future direction of research, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Lv
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
- Xi'an Aerospace Chemical Propulsion Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710025 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Demei Yu
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
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19
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Abstract
Printing technology promises a viable solution for the low-cost, rapid, flexible, and mass fabrication of biosensors. Among the vast number of printing techniques, screen printing and inkjet printing have been widely adopted for the fabrication of biosensors. Screen printing provides ease of operation and rapid processing; however, it is bound by the effects of viscous inks, high material waste, and the requirement for masks, to name a few. Inkjet printing, on the other hand, is well suited for mass fabrication that takes advantage of computer-aided design software for pattern modifications. Furthermore, being drop-on-demand, it prevents precious material waste and offers high-resolution patterning. To exploit the features of inkjet printing technology, scientists have been keen to use it for the development of biosensors since 1988. A vast number of fully and partially inkjet-printed biosensors have been developed ever since. This study presents a short introduction on the printing technology used for biosensor fabrication in general, and a brief review of the recent reports related to virus, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic biosensor fabrication, via inkjet printing technology in particular.
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20
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Lemarchand J, Bridonneau N, Battaglini N, Carn F, Mattana G, Piro B, Zrig S, NOEL V. Challenges and Prospects of Inkjet Printed Electronics Emerging Applications – a Chemist point of view. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florent Carn
- Universite de Paris UFR Physique Physique FRANCE
| | | | | | | | - Vincent NOEL
- Universite Paris Diderot ITODYS 13 rue J de Baif 75013 Paris FRANCE
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21
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Qian X, Ostwal M, Asatekin A, Geise GM, Smith ZP, Phillip WA, Lively RP, McCutcheon JR. A critical review and commentary on recent progress of additive manufacturing and its impact on membrane technology. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Feng J, Qiu Y, Jiang L, Wu Y. Long-Range-Ordered Assembly of Micro-/Nanostructures at Superwetting Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106857. [PMID: 34908188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-chip integration of solution-processable materials imposes stringent and simultaneous requirements of controlled nucleation and growth, tunable geometry and dimensions, and long-range-ordered assembly, which is challenging in solution process far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Superwetting interfaces, underpinned by programmable surface chemistry and topography, are promising for steering transport, dewetting, and microfluid dynamics of liquids, thus opening a new paradigm for micro-/nanostructure assembly in solution process. Herein, assembly methods on the basis of superwetting interfaces are reviewed for constructing long-range-ordered micro-/nanostructures. Confined capillary liquids, including capillary bridges and capillary corner menisci realized by controlling local wettability and surface topography, are highlighted for simultaneously attained deterministic patterning and long-range order. The versatility and robustness of confined capillary liquids are discussed with assembly of single-crystalline micro-/nanostructures of organic semiconductors, metal-halide perovskites, and colloidal-nanoparticle superlattices, which lead to enhanced device performances and exotic functionalities. Finally, a perspective for promising directions in this realm is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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23
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Yu Y, Cui W, Song L, Liao Q, Ma K, Zhong S, Yue H, Liang B. Design of Organic-Free Superhydrophobic TiO 2 with Ultraviolet Stability or Ultraviolet-Induced Switchable Wettability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9864-9872. [PMID: 35138795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic TiO2 with great application potential is mainly obtained by surface modification with low surface energy organics, which is easily degraded under sunlight irradiation, which results in the loss of superhydrophobic properties. Herein, we developed a room-temperature pulsed chemical vapor deposition (pulsed CVD) method to develop amorphous TiO2-deposited TiO2 nanoparticles. The ultraviolet stability/ultraviolet-induced reversible wettability switch had been simultaneously realized by different and controllable deposition cycles of amorphous TiO2. The superhydrophobic properties of the organic-free TiO2 were determined by the micrometer-nanometer-sub-nanometer multiscale structure, the multiscale pore structure, and the large Young's contact angle resulting from carboxylic acid adsorption. Also, we found that the adsorption rate and adsorption stability of oxygen and water at the surface oxygen vacancies were the key to facilitate the reversible switching between superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic states, which was well demonstrated by experimental characterization and theoretical simulation. In addition, we also found that the resistance of dense amorphous TiO2 films on the TiO2 surface to the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes was the key to maintain the stable superhydrophobic properties of superhydrophobic TiO2 under ultraviolet illumination. The powders were strongly ground and the coating surface was rubbed on the surface of the sandpaper, which still maintained superhydrophobic properties, providing favorable conditions for the application of superhydrophobic TiO2. This work modulates the ultraviolet stability and dark/ultraviolet-induced switchable superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity of coated TiO2 by simply adjusting the number of deposition times in a pulsed CVD process for the first time, thus contributing to the development of organic-free superhydrophobic TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Lei Song
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingdian Liao
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hairong Yue
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
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24
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Liu H, Zhang L, Huang J, Mao J, Chen Z, Mao Q, Ge M, Lai Y. Smart surfaces with reversibly switchable wettability: Concepts, synthesis and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102584. [PMID: 34973464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a growing hot research topic, manufacturing smart switchable surfaces has attracted much attention in the past a few years. The state-of-the-art study on reversibly switchable wettability of smart surfaces has been presented in this systematic review. External stimuli are brought about to render the alteration in chemical conformation and surface morphology to drive the wettability switch. Here, starting from the fundamental theories related to the surfaces wetting principles, highlights on different triggers for switchable wettability, such as pH, light, ions, temperature, electric field, gas, mechanical force, and multi-stimuli are discussed. Different applications that have various wettability requirement are targeted, including oil-water separation, droplets manipulation, patterning, liquid transport, and so on. This review aims to provide a deep insight into responsive interfacial science and offer guidance for smart surface engineering. It ends with a summary of current challenges, future opportunities, and potential solutions on smart switch of wettability on superwetting surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China; National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China; National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Jianying Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Jiajun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qinghui Mao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China; National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian 271000, PR China.
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PR China; National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology, Taian 271000, PR China.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
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25
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Feng S, Zhu P, Zheng H, Zhan H, Chen C, Li J, Wang L, Yao X, Liu Y, Wang Z. Three-dimensional capillary ratchet-induced liquid directional steering. Science 2021; 373:1344-1348. [PMID: 34529472 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shile Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Huanxi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China.,Center for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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26
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Zou R, Wang J, Tang J, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Directionally Guided Droplets on a Modular Bottom-Up Anisotropic Locally Ordered Nickel Nanocone Superhydrophobic Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13848-13860. [PMID: 33715344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic surface prepared by the top-down etching technology shows unique advantages in terms of functional superhydrophobicity. However, it still has a shackle of the smallest etching size, which largely restricts the development of better superhydrophobicity. Therefore, it is still a huge challenge to realize the stepless size adjustment of an anisotropic surface in order to achieve better functionalization. In this work, a bottom-up approach inspired via the modular segmented preparation technology has been used to successfully build an anisotropic, locally ordered functionalized unique superhydrophobic structure, whose contact and rebound time of water droplets is extremely short. Furthermore, this structure with artfully arranged "tracks", which has a relatively large contact angle value, not only lasts more than 15 consecutive bounce cycles in the same direction, where the droplets after merging still bounce, but also exhibits a significant anisotropic sliding behavior, which is presented in different sliding angles, toward droplets rolling in different directions and has lower adhesion work and better self-cleaning and anti-fouling performance. Besides, some mechanisms such as the reduction-replacement-reduction cycle and repulsion-adhesion-switching have been proposed especially in modular preparation and anisotropic sliding behavior. More importantly, this sorted bottom-up structure has great potential for achieving higher efficiency of functionalized superhydrophobicity and other related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaocheng Zhang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 215500, People's Republic of China
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27
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Torun N, Torun I, Sakir M, Kalay M, Onses MS. Physically Unclonable Surfaces via Dewetting of Polymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11247-11259. [PMID: 33587594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
From anti-counterfeiting to biotechnology applications, there is a strong demand for encoded surfaces with multiple security layers that are prepared by stochastic processes and are adaptable to deterministic fabrication approaches. Here, we present dewetting instabilities in nanoscopic (thickness <100 nm) polymer films as a form of physically unclonable function (PUF). The inherent randomness involved in the dewetting process presents a highly suitable platform for fabricating unclonable surfaces. The thermal annealing-induced dewetting of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) on polystyrene-grafted substrates enables fabrication of randomly positioned functional features that are separated at a microscopic length scale, a requirement set by optical authentication systems. At a first level, PUFs can be simply and readily verified via reflection of visible light. Area-specific electrostatic interactions between P2VP and citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles allow for fabrication of plasmonic PUFs. The strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering by plasmonic nanoparticles together with incorporation of taggants facilitates a molecular vibration-based security layer. The patterning of P2VP films presents opportunities for fabricating hybrid security labels, which can be resolved through both stochastic and deterministic pathways. The adaptability to a broad range of nanoscale materials, simplicity, versatility, compatibility with conventional fabrication approaches, and high levels of stability offer key opportunities in encoding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Torun
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Ilker Torun
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Menekse Sakir
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kalay
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Electricity and Energy, Kayseri University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - M Serdar Onses
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Shin S, Li M, Wu X, Saha A, Bae J. Role of soft-gel substrates on bouncing-merging transition in drop impact on a liquid film. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:571-579. [PMID: 33185222 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid droplets impacting on liquid films is common in many industrial and natural processes. It is crucial to understand the impact of droplets on a liquid film resting on soft deformable substrates in some of the applications including 3D printing of engineering structures, prosthetic implants and tissue engineering. By recognizing the practical relevance of soft-substrates, we present an experimental investigation to assess the role of deformable substrates on bouncing-to-merging transition in droplet impact on the liquid film. First, we prepared polyacrylamide (PAAm) soft-gel substrates with various "softness" (i.e., Young's modulus) by modulating the concentration of a crosslinker, N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (BIS). We found that the Young's modulus of PAAm initially increases with the concentration of crosslinker, and subsequently becomes almost constant due to inhomogeneity of crosslinking. Next, through the experiments of droplet impact on the liquid film resting on soft substrates with different Young's moduli, we observe that the early merging and corresponding bouncing-to-merging transitional boundaries remain unaffected by the "softness" since such merging occurs further away from the substrate. However, the late merging, which appears during the retraction process of the deformed droplet, occurs relatively close to the substrate, and hence is found to be significantly affected by its "softness". A scaling analysis is presented to quantify the role of change in Young's modulus of the substrate on late merging, which is supported by the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Minghao Li
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Abhishek Saha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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29
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Malijevský A. Height of a liquid drop on a wetting stripe. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052802. [PMID: 33327112 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of liquid on a planar wall decorated by a hydrophilic stripe of width L is considered. Under the condition that the wall is only partially wet (or dry) while the stripe tends to be wet completely, a liquid drop is formed above the stripe. The maximum height ℓ_{m}(δμ) of the drop depends on the stripe width L and the chemical potential departure from saturation δμ where it adopts the value ℓ_{0}=ℓ_{m}(0). Assuming a long-range potential of van der Waals type exerted by the stripe, the interfacial Hamiltonian model is used to show that ℓ_{0} is approached linearly with δμ with a slope which scales as L^{2} over the region satisfying L≲ξ_{∥}, where ξ_{∥} is the parallel correlation function pertinent to the stripe. This suggests that near the saturation there exists a universal curve ℓ_{m}(δμ) to which the adsorption isotherms corresponding to different values of L all collapse when appropriately rescaled. Although the series expansion based on the interfacial Hamiltonian model can be formed by considering higher order terms, a more appropriate approximation in the form of a rational function based on scaling arguments is proposed. The approximation is based on exact asymptotic results, namely, that ℓ_{m}∼δμ^{-1/3} for L→∞ and that ℓ_{m} obeys the correct δμ→0 behavior in line with the results of the interfacial Hamiltonian model. All the predictions are verified by the comparison with a microscopic density functional theory (DFT) and, in particular, the rational function approximation-even in its simplest form-is shown to be in a very reasonable agreement with DFT for a broad range of both δμ and L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Malijevský
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Praha 6, 166 28, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Department of Molecular Modelling, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Azizi Machekposhti S, Movahed S, Narayan RJ. Physicochemical parameters that underlie inkjet printing for medical applications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 1:011301. [PMID: 38505627 PMCID: PMC10903396 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
One of the most common types of 3D printing technologies is inkjet printing due to its numerous advantages, including low cost, programmability, high resolution, throughput, and speed. Inkjet printers are also capable of fabricating artificial tissues with physiological characteristics similar to those of living tissues. These artificial tissues are used for disease modeling, drug discovery, drug screening, and replacements for diseased or damaged tissues. This paper reviews recent advancements in one of the most common 3D printing technologies, inkjet dispensing. We briefly consider common printing techniques, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (STL), and inkjet printing. We briefly discuss various steps in inkjet printing, including droplet generation, droplet ejection, interaction of droplets on substrates, drying, and solidification. We also discuss various parameters that affect the printing process, including ink properties (e.g., viscosity and surface tension), physical parameters (e.g., internal diameter of printheads), and actuation mechanisms (e.g., piezoelectric actuation and thermal actuation). Through better understanding of common 3D printing technologies and the parameters that influence the printing processes, new types of artificial tissues, disease models, and structures for drug discovery and drug screening may be prepared. This review considers future directions in inkjet printing research that are focused on enhancing the resolution, printability, and uniformity of printed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Movahed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Room 4130, 1845 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7115, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Room 4130, 1845 Entrepreneur Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695–7115, USA
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31
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Soltani M, Golovin K. Anisotropy-induced directional self-transportation of low surface tension liquids: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40569-40581. [PMID: 35520851 PMCID: PMC9057580 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by natural surfaces such as butterfly wings, cactus leaves, or the Nepenthes alata plant, synthetic materials may be engineered to directionally transport liquids on their surface without external energy input. This advantageous feature has been adopted for various mechanical and chemical processes, e.g. fog harvesting, lubrication, lossless chemical reactions, etc. Many studies have focused on the manipulation and transport of water or aqueous droplets, but significantly fewer have extended their work to low surface tension (LST) liquids, although these fluids are involved in numerous industrial and everyday processes. LST liquids completely wet most surfaces which makes spontaneous transportation an active challenge. This review focuses on recently developed strategies for passively and directionally transporting LST liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soltani
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia Canada
| | - Kevin Golovin
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia Canada
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Cao X, Ye Y, Tang Q, Chen E, Jiang Z, Pan J, Guo T. Numerical Analysis of Droplets from Multinozzle Inkjet Printing. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8442-8450. [PMID: 32940472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multinozzle printing processing with the fabrication of a functional material film lays the foundation for the development of efficient scale production of a photoelectric device. However, a prominent challenge is how to realize the volume uniformity of the droplets. Here, a classical analysis method is introduced first by printing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to analyze the behavior of droplets. It relies on a variance calculation for the clarification of the law of implicit behavior of droplets in terms of digitizing. This method reveals the effect of printing parameters on the uniformity of the volume of droplets in multinozzle printing. Overall, by combining both ink formulations and printing parameter optimization, it is concluded that the minimum volume variance of nozzles with different numbers is less than 0.5% and the influence of various parameters in multinozzle printing is found to be ranked. The feasibility of this analysis method is presented and is of great significance to achieving a very stable, large-scale multinozzle printing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Cao
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun Ye
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qian Tang
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Enguo Chen
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zongzhao Jiang
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianhao Pan
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- National & Local United Engineer Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
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33
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Khalid N, Siddiqi HM, Park OOK. Thermally resistant, mechanically stable, and processable triphenylamine‐based hyperbranched copolyimides. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Khalid
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | | | - O OK Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Daejeon South Korea
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Wu Y, Wang F, Ma S, Selzer M, Nestler B. How do chemical patterns affect equilibrium droplet shapes? SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6115-6127. [PMID: 32638820 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing a proposed analytical model in combination with the phase-field method, we present a comprehensive study on the effect of chemical patterns on equilibrium droplet morphologies. Here, three influencing factors, the droplet sizes, contact angles, and the ratios of the hydrophilic area to the hydrophobic area, are contemplated. In the analytical model, chemical heterogeneities are described by different non-linear functions. By tuning these functions and the related parameters, the analytical model is capable of calculating the energy landscapes of the system. The chemically patterned surfaces display complex energy landscapes with chemical-heterogeneity-induced local minima, which correspond to the equilibrium morphologies of the droplets. Phase-field (PF) simulations are accordingly conducted and compared with the predicted equilibrium morphologies. In addition, we propose a modified Cassie-Baxter (CB) model to delineate the equilibrium droplet shapes. In contrast to the classic CB model, our extension is not only restricted to the shape with a spherical cap. Both the energy landscape method and the modified CB model are demonstrated to have a good agreement with the PF simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wu
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Shaoping Ma
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Selzer
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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35
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Wang K, Du Y, Liang J, Zhao J, Xu FF, Liu X, Zhang C, Yan Y, Zhao YS. Wettability-Guided Screen Printing of Perovskite Microlaser Arrays for Current-Driven Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001999. [PMID: 32510677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have shown tremendous potential for next-generation flat-panel laser displays due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and outstanding material processability; however, the lack of a general approach for the fast growth of perovskite laser arrays capable of electrical operations impedes actualization of their display applications. Herein, a universal and robust wettability-guided screen-printing technique is reported for the rapid growth of large-scale multicolor perovskite microdisk laser arrays, which can serve as laser display panels and further be used to realize current-driven displays. The perovskite microlasers are precisely defined with controlled physical dimensions and spatial locations by such a printing strategy, and each perovskite microlaser serves as a pixel of a display panel. Moreover, the screen-printing procedure is highly compatible with light-emitting diode (LED) device architectures, which is favorable for the mass production of micro-LED arrays. On this basis, a prototype of a current-driven display is demonstrated with desired functionalities. The outstanding performance and feasible fabrication of screen-printed perovskite microlaser arrays embedded in LEDs provide deep insights into the concepts and device architectures of electrically driven laser display technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fa Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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36
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Gregorini M, Grass RN, Stark WJ. One-Step Photolithographic Surface Patterning of Nanometer-Thick Gold Surfaces by Using a Commercial DLP Projector and the Fabrication of a Microheater. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gregorini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Controllable splitting of impacting droplets by hybrid-wettability surface. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Zhang Q, He L, Zhang X, Tian D, Jiang L. Switchable Direction of Liquid Transport via an Anisotropic Microarray Surface and Thermal Stimuli. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1436-1444. [PMID: 31868346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Design and construction of special surface microstructures has made many amazing breakthroughs in directional liquid transport. Despite much progress in this field, challenges still remain in on-demand switchable direction transport of liquid in situ and real-time via transforming the arrangement of the surface microstructure and external stimuli. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to achieve switchable direction transport of liquid via a tunable anisotropic microarray surface, that is, assembling a V-shaped prism microarray (VPM) surface, which can also be intelligently manipulated by thermal stimuli. By transforming the parallel and staggered prism microstructure arrangement of the VPM, switchable direction transport of a liquid can be successfully achieved on the VPM surface. Flow direction switching among unidirectional transport, bidirectional transport, and reverse unidirectional transport is also achieved on the temperature-adaptive VPM surface by thermal stimuli, which can be used for on-demand liquid transport according to the paths of the microfluidic channels. The work provides a way for precise liquid manipulation in desired liquid transport, which may be utilized in nonpower conveying systems, autolubrication, life fluid medical instruments, and other microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Linlin He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
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39
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Lu Y, Shen Y, Tao J, Wu Z, Chen H, Jia Z, Xu Y, Xie X. Droplet Directional Movement on the Homogeneously Structured Superhydrophobic Surface with the Gradient Non-Wettability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:880-888. [PMID: 31939676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface with the gradient non-wettability intensely appeals to researchers because of its academic significance and applications for directional droplet movement. Herein, we developed a homogeneous structure superhydrophobic surface with the gradient non-wettability by a combination strategy of chemical etching and vapor diffusion modification. As a consequence, the as-prepared surface exhibits a remarkable gradient characteristic of water repellency, and the water contact angle is mainly located within the range of 162 ± 0.5 to 149 ± 0.4°. Meanwhile, the sliding angle also exhibits a corresponding change from 3 to 11°. On this basis, the gradient characteristic of non-wettability induces the distinguishing droplet adhesion on the surface, that is, from 19 μN for the most hydrophobic end to 57 μN for the opposite one. Because of the difference of the water adhesion force, droplets on the as-prepared surface can well roll alongside a specific direction (i.e., gradient direction of non-wettability). In terms of dynamic impact droplets, they can rapidly rebound off the sample surface with the short contact time of 12.8 ms, and the finally fallen droplets mainly deviate toward weaker regions because of water repellency. To analyze this phenomenon, it is found that the asymmetric mechanic behavior is mainly caused by the unbalanced retraction force between the both ends of the impact droplet. This work provides a novel strategy to construct the homogeneous structure superhydrophobic surface with the gradient non-wettability for the applications in the droplet movement control or transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Shen
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Tao
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites , 30# Puzhu South Rd. , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Materials Chemistry , Qiuzhen School, Huzhou University , 759# East 2nd Road , Huzhou 313000 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Jia
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Yangjiangshan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
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40
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Cha H, Ma J, Kim YS, Li L, Sun L, Tong J, Miljkovic N. In Situ Droplet Microgoniometry Using Optical Microscopy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13343-13353. [PMID: 31596565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid interactions are ubiquitous phenomena in nature and industry. Wettability of a liquid on a solid is governed by the chemical heterogeneity and physical roughness of the solid surface and can be characterized by measuring the advancing and receding contact angles of the liquid droplet residing on the solid. To characterize contact angle, goniometry and the Wilhelmy plate method have been widely used. Although powerful, these methods have difficulty characterizing microdroplets, can be cumbersome and expensive, and have trouble handling surfaces with local wetting heterogeneity and deformed noncircular contact lines. Furthermore, past methods are incapable of measuring contact angle in situ during experiments (e.g., condensation). Here, we develop simple yet powerful contact angle measurement techniques using conventional optical microscopy that utilizes focal plane shift imaging, ray optics, and wave interference. We used our techniques to study the wetting characteristics for a wide range of water droplet diameters (10 μm < D < 600 μm) and apparent contact angles (0° ≤ θapp ≤ 180°). The outcomes of this work establish a powerful tool to more easily and rapidly characterize microscale droplet advancing and receding contact angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Jingcheng Ma
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Young Seong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Longnan Li
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Luwen Sun
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jiashuo Tong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Moto-oka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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41
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Suh YH, Shin DW, Chun YT. Micro-to-nanometer patterning of solution-based materials for electronics and optoelectronics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38085-38104. [PMID: 35541771 PMCID: PMC9075859 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for micro-to-nanometer patterns of solution-based materials (SBMs) contribute to a wide range of practical applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. Here, state-of-the-art micro-to-nanometer scale patterning technologies of SBMs are disseminated. The utilisation of patterning for a wide-range of SBMs leads to a high level of control over conventional solution-based film fabrication processes that are not easily accessible for the control and fabrication of ordered micro-to-nanometer patterns. In this review, various patterning procedures of SBMs, including modified photolithography, direct-contact patterning, and inkjet printing, are briefly introduced with several strategies for reducing their pattern size to enhance the electronic and optoelectronic properties of SBMs explained. We then conclude with comments on future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Suh
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
| | - Dong-Wook Shin
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
| | - Young Tea Chun
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
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Plog J, Löwe JM, Jiang Y, Pan Y, Yarin AL. Control of Direct Written Ink Droplets Using Electrowetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11023-11036. [PMID: 31345035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of electrowetting in the motion control of droplets of different liquids, which are widely used as inks in direct writing (DW)-based three-dimensional (3D) printing processes for various applications. To control the movement of DW ink droplets on dielectric substrates, the electrodes were embedded in the substrate. It is demonstrated that droplets of pure liquid inks, aqueous polymer solution inks, and carbon fiber suspension inks can be moved on multi-angled surfaces. Also, experimental results reveal that droplets of a commercial hydrogel, agar-agar, alginate, xanthan gum, and gum arabic can be moved by electrowetting. Droplets of sizes 200 μm-3 mm were manipulated and moved by the electric field on different dielectric substrates accurately and repeatedly. Effective electrowetting-based control and movement of droplets were observed on horizontal, vertical, and even inverted substrates. These findings imply the feasibility and potential application of electrowetting as a flexible, rapid, and new method for ink droplet control in 3D printing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plog
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
| | - J-M Löwe
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
- High-Voltage Laboratories , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Fraunhoferstr. 4 , Darmstadt 64283 , Germany
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
| | - A L Yarin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
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43
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Forsberg V, Mašlík J, Norgren M. Electronic performance of printed PEDOT:PSS lines correlated to the physical and chemical properties of coated inkjet papers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23925-23938. [PMID: 35530632 PMCID: PMC9069492 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PEDOT:PSS organic printed electronics chemical interactions with the ink-receiving layer (IRL) of monopolar inkjet paper substrates and coating color composition were evaluated through Raman spectroscopy mapping in Z (depth) and (XY) direction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Other evaluated properties of the IRLs were pore size distribution (PSD), surface roughness, ink de-wetting, surface energy and the impact of such characteristics on the electronics performance of the printed layers. Resin-coated inkjet papers were compared to a multilayer coated paper substrate that also contained an IRL but did not contain the plastic polyethylene (PE) resin layer. This substrate showed better electronic performance (i.e., lower sheet resistance), which we attributed to the inert coating composition, higher surface roughness and higher polarity of the surface which influenced the de-wetting of the ink. The novelty is that this substrate was rougher and with somewhat lower printing quality but with better electronic performance and the advantage of not having PE in their composite structure, which favors recycling. PEDOT:PSS ink chemical interactions with the coated surface of inkjet papers and their composition were evaluated through Raman, FTIR and EDS. Morphology of the pores and surface energy were also evaluated and how these impact sheet resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Forsberg
- Mid Sweden University, FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering Holmgatan 10 SE-851 70 Sundsvall Sweden .,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites Division Teknikringen 56 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden .,Wallenberg Wood Science Centre Teknikringen 56 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan Mašlík
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Centre of Polymer Systems Trida Tomase Bati 5678 CZ-760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Magnus Norgren
- Mid Sweden University, FSCN, Surface and Colloid Engineering Holmgatan 10 SE-851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
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44
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Liu WC, Watt AAR. Solvodynamic Printing As A High Resolution Printing Method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10766. [PMID: 31341210 PMCID: PMC6656777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Printing techniques are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern manufacturing. However, its biggest drawback is the limit in printing resolution. In this paper, we present solvodynamic printing as a novel printing system which aims to improve print resolution by incorporating an additional immiscible carrier solvent into the ink delivery system. The resolution is improved due to the solvent-solvent interactions between the ink and the carrier solvent which alter the contact angle of the ink on the substrate and limit the printed feature size. We demonstrate the proof of concept of solvodynamic printing by printing silver nanoparticle inks on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate. Silver nanoparticle tracks with widths of 35.2 ± 7.0 μm were achieved using a 300 μm nozzle. This is equivalent to 11.7 ± 2.3% of the nozzle diameter. The result shows great potential in solvodynamic printing as not many modern printing techniques can achieve such nozzle to feature size ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - A A R Watt
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
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45
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Liu X, Yu Z, Yu M, Zhang X, Xu Y, Lv P, Chu S, Liu C, Lai WY, Huang W. Iridium(III)-Complexed Polydendrimers for Inkjet-Printing OLEDs: The Influence of Solubilizing Steric Hindrance Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26174-26184. [PMID: 31283176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the great success of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermal evaporation techniques, the development of printable materials for inkjet-printing high-performance OLEDs is particularly attractive yet challenging. In this paper, a set of printable Ir(III)-complexed polydendrimers, poly[bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridine][1-ethyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III)] (PIr-D1) and poly[bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyridine][1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III)] (PIr-D2), were designed and synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). As a comparison, the iridium precursor complexes bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridine][1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole]iridium(III) (Ir-D1) and bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyridine][1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III) (Ir-D2) and the core structure bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine] [1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III) (Ir-D0) were also synthesized and the corresponding OLEDs were fabricated. Compared with the dendritic iridium complexes Ir-D1 and Ir-D2, the resulting polydendrimers PIr-D2 and PIr-D2 showed enhanced film-forming properties, good thermal stability, and attractive ink rheological characteristics with a suitable viscosity for inkjet-printing. Promising device performance has been achieved for the resulting polydendrimers by both spin-coating and inkjet-printing, showing low driving voltages and relatively high current efficiencies and brightnesses. The results suggest that the construction of polydendritic Ir(III) complexes is an attractive design strategy for exploring efficient printable light-emitting materials for inkjet-printing high-performance OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Peng Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shuangquan Chu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Changjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
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You YJ, Kim Y, Cheun H, Shin C, Kim DY, Lee JH, Song JY, Lee JW, Lee SY, Ju BK, Shim JW. Precise control of nanoscale spacing between electrodes using different natured self-assembled monolayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:265302. [PMID: 30861507 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0eea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce an interdigitated horizontal electrode (IHE) structure with a metal-based electron-collecting (or -injecting) electrode and a hole-collecting (or -injecting) electrode composed of a conductive polymeric material that has a nanoscale distance and is horizontally separated. In the IHE, a metal electrode is fabricated on a silicon-oxide substrate, and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is selectively bonded to the metal and the oxide to form a conductive polymer electrode by dip coating. Each of the SAM materials is composed of a head part bonded to the substrate surface and a tail part that is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. This inherent property makes the metal electrode hydrophobic and the oxide substrate hydrophilic. Ag is used as a metal electrode material and is combined with alkanethiol SAMs. The alkylsilane SAMs are combined with the silicon oxide substrate to make them hydrophilic, using poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (PEDOT: PSS) as the conductive polymer material. In this study, we have found that there is a difference in the spacing between the two electrodes that depends on the combination of SAM materials. Each interval was spaced from a minimum of 140 nm to a maximum of 385 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun You
- Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Effective, long-range, and self-propelled water elevation and transport are important in industrial, medical, and agricultural applications. Although research has grown rapidly, existing methods for water film elevation are still limited. Scaling up for practical applications in an energy-efficient way remains a challenge. Inspired by the continuous water cross-boundary transport on the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata, here we demonstrate the use of peristome-mimetic structures for controlled water elevation by bending biomimetic plates into tubes. The fabricated structures have unique advantages beyond those of natural pitcher plants: bulk water diode transport behavior is achieved with a high-speed passing state (several centimeters per second on a milliliter scale) and a gating state as a result of the synergistic effect between peristome-mimetic structures and tube curvature without external energy input. Significantly, on further bending the peristome-mimetic tube into a "candy cane"-shaped pipe, a self-siphon with liquid diode behavior is achieved. Such a transport mechanism should inspire the design of next generation water transport devices.
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48
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Prathapan R, Glatz BA, Ghosh AK, Michel S, Fery A, Garnier G, Tabor RF. Enhancing Printing Resolution on Hydrophobic Polymer Surfaces Using Patterned Coatings of Cellulose Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7155-7160. [PMID: 31050434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution inkjet printing of a hydrophobic polymer surface (polystyrene, PS) was accomplished using a patterned coating of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that prevents the ink from bleeding. A periodically crack-free, wrinkled (wavelength of around 850 nm) stamp was prepared by surface oxidation of an uniaxially stretched poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomeric substrate and was used as a template to transfer aligned patterns of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) onto PS surfaces by wet stamping. The morphology of the aligned CNC coatings on PS was then compared with randomly deposited CNCs on PS using atomic force microscopy. The wettability of the CNCs and polymer surfaces with water and ink was measured and analyzed in the context of inkjet printing. This biomaterial coating technique enables high-resolution printing of modern water-based inks onto hydrophobic surfaces for applications in renewable packaging and printing of biomolecules for high throughput diagnostics. Further, with suitable modifications, the technology is scalable to roll-to-roll manufacturing for industrial flexo printing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Alexander Glatz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- University of Bayreuth Graduate School , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstr. 30 , 95477 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Anik Kumar Ghosh
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Stefan Michel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials , Technical University Dresden . Mommsenstr. 4 , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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Guo H, Lv R, Bai S. Recent advances on 3D printing graphene-based composites. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Microstructure and Resistivity Analysis of Silver Nanoparticle-Based Crystalline Conductive Films Synthesized using PEG Surfactant. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle-based crystalline conductive films were synthesized using a simple and environmentally friendly method centered on chemical reduction. A stoichiometric balance of three different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a capping agent. Resistivity, and its correlation with temperature and the particle size of nanoparticle films, was probed. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Further silver films deposited on a glass substrate were characterized by FESEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistivity measurements. Particle size distribution and room temperature electrical conductivity were also investigated. The high conductivity of sintered films suggested applications for the ink-jet printing of electronic circuitry on thermally sensitive substrates.
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