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Prudhomme N, Pastora R, Thomson S, Zheng E, Sproule A, Krieger JR, Murphy JP, Overy DP, Cossar D, McLean MD, Geddes-McAlister J. Bacterial growth-mediated systems remodelling of Nicotiana benthamiana defines unique signatures of target protein production in molecular pharming. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38516995 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The need for therapeutics to treat a plethora of medical conditions and diseases is on the rise and the demand for alternative approaches to mammalian-based production systems is increasing. Plant-based strategies provide a safe and effective alternative to produce biological drugs but have yet to enter mainstream manufacturing at a competitive level. Limitations associated with batch consistency and target protein production levels are present; however, strategies to overcome these challenges are underway. In this study, we apply state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics to define proteome remodelling of the plant following agroinfiltration with bacteria grown under shake flask or bioreactor conditions. We observed distinct signatures of bacterial protein production corresponding to the different growth conditions that directly influence the plant defence responses and target protein production on a temporal axis. Our integration of proteomic profiling with small molecule detection and quantification reveals the fluctuation of secondary metabolite production over time to provide new insight into the complexities of dual system modulation in molecular pharming. Our findings suggest that bioreactor bacterial growth may promote evasion of early plant defence responses towards Agrobacterium tumefaciens (updated nomenclature to Rhizobium radiobacter). Furthermore, we uncover and explore specific targets for genetic manipulation to suppress host defences and increase recombinant protein production in molecular pharming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Prudhomme
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Thomson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edison Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Patrick Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Cossar
- PlantForm Corporation Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Sharma R, Mukherjee A, Kumar A, Sarma HD. Evaluation of 177Lu-Labeled Pertuzumab F(ab') 2 Fragments for HER2-Positive Cancer Targeting: A Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:64-74. [PMID: 38363819 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiolabeled antibody fragments present a promising opportunity as theranostic agents, offering distinct advantages over whole antibodies. In this study, the authors investigate the potential of [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-F(ab')2-pertuzumab as a theranostic agent for precise targeting of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. Additionally, the authors aim to quantitatively assess the binding synergism in the presence of cold trastuzumab. Materials and Methods: F(ab')2-pertuzumab was prepared by pepsin digestion and conjugated with a bifunctional chelator. The immunoconjugate was radiolabeled with 177Lu and characterized by chromatography techniques. Binding parameters (affinity, specificity, and immunoreactivity) and cellular binding enhancement studies were evaluated in HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative cell lines. The in vivo enhancement in tumor uptake of the radiolabeled immunoformulation was assessed in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing tumors, both in the presence and absence of unlabeled trastuzumab. Results: The formulation of [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-F(ab')2-pertuzumab could be prepared in high yields and with consistent radiochemical purity, ensuring reproducibility. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation studies confirmed high specificity and immunoreactivity of the formulation toward HER2 receptors. Binding synergism of radiolabeled pertuzumab fragments in the presence of trastuzumab to HER2 receptors was observed. Conclusions: The radioformulation of [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-F(ab')2-pertuzumab holds great promise as a targeted approach for addressing HER2-positive cancers. A potentially effective strategy to amplify therapeutic efficacy involves dual epitope targeting by combining radiolabeled pertuzumab with cold trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Mukherjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
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Cruz VL, Souza-Egipsy V, Gion M, Pérez-García J, Cortes J, Ramos J, Vega JF. Binding Affinity of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Monoclonal Antibodies to Extracellular HER2 Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12031. [PMID: 37569408 PMCID: PMC10418494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding affinity of trastuzumab and pertuzumab to HER2 has been studied using both experimental and in silico methods. The experiments were conducted using the antibodies in their complete IgG form, as used in clinical therapy, and the extracellular domain of the HER2 protein in solution. This approach provides a precise, reproducible, and reliable view of the interaction between them in physicochemical conditions similar to those found in the tumoral environment. Dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography coupled with tetra detection were utilized to characterize the protein complexes, measure their concentrations, and calculate the equilibrium-free binding energy, ΔGbind. In addition, PRODIGY, a QSAR-like model with excellent predictive ability, was employed to obtain in silico ΔGbind estimations. The results obtained indicate that pertuzumab exhibits a slightly higher binding affinity to HER2 than trastuzumab. The difference in binding affinity was explained based on the contribution of the different interfacial contact (IC) descriptors to the ΔGbind value estimated by the PRODIGY model. Furthermore, experiments revealed that the pertuzumab IgG antibody binds preferentially to two HER2 proteins, one per Fab fragment, while trastuzumab mainly forms a monovalent complex. This finding was interpreted based on a geometrical model that identified steric crowding in the trastuzumab-HER2 complex as compared with the pertuzumab-HER2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L. Cruz
- BIOPHYM, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- BIOPHYM, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gion
- University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28304 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-García
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quironsalud Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortes
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quironsalud Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28108 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos
- BIOPHYM, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Vega
- BIOPHYM, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Ling WL, Yeo JY, Ng YL, Wipat A, Gan SKE. More Than Meets the Kappa for Antibody Superantigen Protein L (PpL). Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010014. [PMID: 35225872 PMCID: PMC8883962 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superantigens play an important role in affinity purification of antibodies and the microbiota-immune axis at mucosal areas. Based on current understanding, Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA), Streptococcal Protein G (SpG) and Finegoldia Protein L (PpL) are thought to only bind specific regions of human antibodies, allowing for selective purification of antibody isotypes and chains. Clinically, these superantigens are often classified as toxins and increase the virulence of the producing pathogen through unspecific interactions with immune proteins. To perform an in-depth interaction study of these three superantigens with antibodies, bio-layer interferometry (BLI) measurements of their interactions with a permutation panel of 63 IgG1 variants of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab CDRs grafted to the six human Vκ and seven human VH region families were tested. Through this holistic and systemic analysis of IgG1 variants with various antibody regions modified, comparisons revealed novel PpL–antibody interactions influenced by other non-canonical antibody known light-chain framework regions, whereas SpA and SpG showed relatively consistent interactions. These findings have implications on PpL-based affinity antibody purification and design that can guide the engineering and understanding of PpL-based microbiota-immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Ling
- Antibody & Product Development Laboratory, Experimental Drug Development Centre—Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; (W.-L.L.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Singapore 609607, Singapore;
| | - Joshua Yi Yeo
- Antibody & Product Development Laboratory, Experimental Drug Development Centre—Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; (W.-L.L.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Yuen-Ling Ng
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute (NewRIIS), Singapore 609607, Singapore;
| | - Anil Wipat
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Antibody & Product Development Laboratory, Experimental Drug Development Centre—Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; (W.-L.L.); (J.Y.Y.)
- James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Sharma R, Kumbhakar M, Mukherjee A. Toward Understanding the Binding Synergy of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab to Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4553-4563. [PMID: 34757737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast, gastric, esophageal, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Combination therapy using trastuzumab and pertuzumab antibodies targeting HER2 has shown better survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. In the quest to understand the synergistic effect observed due to combination therapy, trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and their F(ab')2 fragments were labeled with radioisotope and fluorescent probes. Detailed in vitro studies to understand binding synergism in HER2 overexpressing cell lines were done. Antibodies and their F(ab')2 fragments prepared by enzyme digestion with pepsin were radiolabeled with iodine-125. In vitro binding studies to evaluate immunoreactivity, specificity, affinity, and binding synergism between radiolabeled trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and their F(ab')2 fragments were carried out. Synergism was observed by 20-30% enhanced uptake of radiolabeled pertuzumab and its F(ab')2 fragments in the presence of excess of unlabeled trastuzumab or F(ab')2-trastuzumab. However, uptake of radiolabeled trastuzumab was not enhanced in the presence of excess pertuzumab or its fragments; rather inhibition or competition in binding to HER2 was observed. Studies using fluorescent antibodies by flow cytometry confirmed enhanced binding of pertuzumab in the presence of trastuzumab. Live cell tracking was done to give insights into the binding synergy and fate of fluorescent antibodies . Colocalization of antibodies on HER2 followed by internalization in the cells was observed. The radiolabeled immunoconjugates served as an important tool for experimental characterization of interaction between pertuzumab and trastuzumab to HER2. Studies with fluorescent antibodies corroborated the binding data and provided evidence of colocalization and internalization of both the antibodies in HER2-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Manoj Kumbhakar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Archana Mukherjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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6
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Benedetti F, Stadlbauer K, Stadlmayr G, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. A Tetravalent Biparatopic Antibody Causes Strong HER2 Internalization and Inhibits Cellular Proliferation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111157. [PMID: 34833033 PMCID: PMC8624325 DOI: 10.3390/life11111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of tyrosine kinase HER2 in numerous cancers, connected with fierce signaling and uncontrolled proliferation, makes it a suitable target for immunotherapy. The acquisition of resistance to currently used compounds and the multiplicity of signaling pathways involved prompted research into the discovery of novel binders as well as treatment options with multiple targeting and multispecific agents. Here we constructed an anti-HER2 tetravalent and biparatopic symmetrical IgG-like molecule by combining the Fab of pertuzumab with a HER2-specific Fcab (Fc fragment with antigen binding), which recognizes an epitope overlapping with trastuzumab. In the strongly HER2-positive cell line SK-BR-3, the molecule induced a rapid and efficient reduction in surface HER2 levels. A potent anti-proliferative effect, specific for the HER2-positive cell line, was observed in vitro, following the induction of apoptosis, and this could not be achieved with treatment with the mixture of pertuzumab and the parental Fcab. The inhibitory cytotoxic effect of our antibody as a single agent makes it a promising contribution to the armory of anti-cancer molecules directed against HER2-addicted cells.
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7
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Lewis Phillips G, Guo J, Kiefer JR, Proctor W, Bumbaca Yadav D, Dybdal N, Shen BQ. Trastuzumab does not bind rat or mouse ErbB2/neu: implications for selection of non-clinical safety models for trastuzumab-based therapeutics. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:303-317. [PMID: 34708303 PMCID: PMC8763818 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessment of non-clinical safety signals relies on understanding species selectivity of antibodies. This is particularly important with antibody-drug conjugates, where it is key to determine target-dependent versus target-independent toxicity. Although it appears to be widely accepted that trastuzumab does not bind mouse or rat HER2/ErbB2/neu, numerous investigators continue to use mouse models to investigate safety signals of trastuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). We, therefore, conducted a broad array of both binding and biologic studies to demonstrate selectivity of trastuzumab for human HER2 versus mouse/rat neu. METHODS Binding of anti-neu and anti-HER2 antibodies was assessed by ELISA, FACS, IHC, Scatchard, and immunoblot methods in human, rat, and mouse cell lines. In human hepatocytes, T-DM1 uptake and catabolism were measured by LC-MS/MS; cell viability changes were determined using CellTiter-Glo. RESULTS Our data demonstrate, using different binding methods, lack of trastuzumab binding to rat or mouse neu. Structural studies show important amino acid differences in the trastuzumab-HER2 binding interface between mouse/rat and human HER2 ECD. Substitution of these rodent amino acid residues into human HER2 abolish binding of trastuzumab. Cell viability changes, uptake, and catabolism of T-DM1 versus a DM1 non-targeted control ADC were comparable, indicating target-independent effects of the DM1-containing ADCs. Moreover, trastuzumab binding to human or mouse hepatocytes was not detected. CONCLUSIONS These data, in total, demonstrate that trastuzumab, and by extension T-DM1, do not bind rat or mouse neu, underscoring the importance of species selection for safety studies investigating trastuzumab or trastuzumab-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Lewis Phillips
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James R Kiefer
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Proctor
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Bumbaca Yadav
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noel Dybdal
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Glycan Profile Analysis of Engineered Trastuzumab with Rationally Added Glycosylation Sequons Presents Significantly Increased Glycan Complexity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111747. [PMID: 34834161 PMCID: PMC8620955 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation constitutes a recurring complication in the manufacture and clinical use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and mAb derivatives. Antibody aggregates can reduce production yield, cause immunogenic reactions, decrease the shelf-life of the pharmaceutical product and impair the capacity of the antibody monomer to bind to its cognate antigen. A common strategy to tackle protein aggregation involves the identification of surface-exposed aggregation-prone regions (APR) for replacement through protein engineering. It was shown that the insertion of N-glycosylation sequons on amino acids proximal to an aggregation-prone region can increase the physical stability of the protein by shielding the APR, thus preventing self-association of antibody monomers. We recently implemented this approach in the Fab region of full-size adalimumab and demonstrated that the thermodynamic stability of the Fab domain increases upon N-glycosite addition. Previous experimental data reported for this technique have lacked appropriate confirmation of glycan occupancy and structural characterization of the ensuing glycan profile. Herein, we mutated previously identified candidate positions on the Fab domain of Trastuzumab and employed tandem mass spectrometry to confirm attachment and obtain a detailed N-glycosylation profile of the mutants. The Trastuzumab glycomutants displayed a glycan profile with significantly higher structural heterogeneity compared to the HEK Trastuzumab antibody, which contains a single N-glycosylation site per heavy chain located in the CH2 domain of the Fc region. These findings suggest that Fab N-glycosites have higher accessibility to enzymes responsible for glycan maturation. Further, we have studied effects on additional glycosylation on protein stability via accelerated studies by following protein folding and aggregation propensities and observed that additional glycosylation indeed enhances physical stability and prevent protein aggregation. Our findings shed light into mAb glycobiology and potential implications in the application of this technique for the development of “biobetter” antibodies.
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Olaleye O, Spanov B, Ford R, Govorukhina N, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Enrichment and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Using Affimer Reagents. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13597-13605. [PMID: 34582688 PMCID: PMC8515351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Therapeutic proteins may undergo chemical modifications that may affect the results of bioanalytical assays, as well as their therapeutic efficacy. Modifications may arise during production and storage, as well as after administration to patients. Studying in vivo biotransformation of monoclonal, therapeutic antibodies requires their enrichment from plasma to discriminate them from endogenous antibodies, as well as from other plasma proteins. To this end, we screened Affimer reagents for selectivity toward trastuzumab or pertuzumab. Affimer reagents are alternative binding proteins possessing two variable binding loops that are based on the human protease inhibitor stefin A or phytocystatin protein scaffolds. Affimer reagents were selected from an extensive library by phage display. The four best-performing binders for each therapeutic antibody were prioritized using a microtiter plate-based approach combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. These Affimer reagents were immobilized via engineered 6-His or Cys tags to Ni2+- or maleimide beads, respectively. Recovery values of 70% and higher were obtained for both trastuzumab and pertuzumab when spiked at 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL concentrations in human plasma followed by trypsin digestion in the presence of 0.5% sodium deoxycholate and 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). Notably, the maleimide beads showed undetectable unspecific binding to endogenous immunoglobulin G (IgGs) or other plasma proteins when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enrichment method was applied to samples from stress tests of the antibodies at 37 °C to mimic in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Olaleye
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baubek Spanov
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Ford
- Avacta Life Sciences Limited, Unit 20, Ash Way, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby LS23 7FA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico C van de Merbel
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Bioanalytical Laboratory, PRA Health Sciences, Early Development Services, Amerikaweg 18, Assen 9407 TK, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Dhritlahre RK, Saneja A. Recent advances in HER2-targeted delivery for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1319-1329. [PMID: 33359114 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a tyrosine kinase receptor with a molecular mass of 185kDa, is overexpressed in several cancers, such as breast, gastric, ovary, prostate, and lung. HER2 is a promising target in cancer therapy because of its crucial role in cell migration, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis through various intracellular signaling cascades. This receptor is an ideal target for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents because of its accessibility to the extracellular domain. In this review, we highlight different HER2-targeting strategies and various approaches for HER2-targeted delivery systems to improve outcomes for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Dhritlahre
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Zhang Y, Wu S, Zhuang X, Weng G, Fan J, Yang X, Xu Y, Pan L, Hou T, Zhou Z, Chen S. Identification of an Activating Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of HER2 Conferring Resistance to Pertuzumab. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11597-11608. [PMID: 31920346 PMCID: PMC6941612 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aberrant expression of HER2 is highly associated with tumour occurrence and metastasis, therefore HER2 is extensively targeted for tumour immunotherapy. For example, trastuzumab and pertuzumab are FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies that target HER2-positive tumour cells. Despite their advances in clinical applications, emerging resistance to these two HER2-targeting antibodies has hindered their further application. Somatic mutations in HER2 receptor have been identified as one of the major reasons for resistance to anti-HER2 antibodies. Methods We analysed the frequency of somatic mutations in various tumour types based on TCGA and COSMIC databases. Then, the effect of the most frequent mutation (S310F) on the interaction between pertuzumab and HER2 was analysed by molecular modelling analysis. The effect of the S310F mutation was further evaluated through multiple in vitro binding experiments and antitumour activity assays. Results We found through bioinformatics analysis that S310F, an activating mutation in the HER2 extracellular domain, was the most frequent mutation in HER2. The S310F mutation was shown to confer resistance of HER2-positive tumour cells to pertuzumab treatment. With molecular modelling analysis, we confirmed the possibility that the S310F mutation might disrupt the interaction between pertuzumab and HER2 as a result of a significant change in the critical residue S310. Further functional analyses revealed that the S310F mutation completely abolished pertuzumab binding to HER2 receptor and inhibited pertuzumab antitumour efficacy. Conclusion We demonstrated the loss-of-function mechanism underlying pertuzumab resistance in HER2-positive tumour cells bearing the S310F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Zhuang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoqi Weng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Fan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD&CG), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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12
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The biological activity of bispecific trastuzumab/pertuzumab plant biosimilars may be drastically boosted by disulfiram increasing formaldehyde accumulation in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16168. [PMID: 31700025 PMCID: PMC6838051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of breast cancer therapy have examined the improvement of bispecific trastuzumab/pertuzumab antibodies interacting simultaneously with two different epitopes of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Here, we describe the creation and production of plant-made bispecific antibodies based on trastuzumab and pertuzumab plant biosimilars (bi-TPB-PPB). Using surface plasmon resonance analysis of bi-TPB-PPB antibodies binding with the HER2 extracellular domain, we showed that the obtained Kd values were within the limits accepted for modified trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Despite the ability of bi-TPB-PPB antibodies to bind to Fcγ receptor IIIa and HER2 oncoprotein on the cell surface, a proliferation inhibition assay did not reveal any effect until α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan were removed. Another approach to activating bi-TPB-PPB may be associated with the use of disulfiram (DSF) a known aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) inhibitor. We found that disulfiram is capable of killing breast cancer cells with simultaneous formaldehyde accumulation. Furthermore, we investigated the capacity of DSF to act as an adjuvant for bi-TPB-PPB antibodies. Although the content of ALDH2 mRNA was decreased after BT-474 cell treatment with antibodies, we only observed cell proliferation inhibiting activity of bi-TPB-PPB in the presence of disulfiram. We concluded that disulfiram can serve as a booster and adjuvant for anticancer immunotherapy.
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13
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Shin JW, Kim S, Ha S, Choi B, Kim S, Im SA, Yoon TY, Chung J. The HER2 S310F Mutant Can Form an Active Heterodimer with the EGFR, Which Can Be Inhibited by Cetuximab but Not by Trastuzumab as well as Pertuzumab. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E629. [PMID: 31635022 PMCID: PMC6843359 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G309 or S310 mutations on the HER2 extracellular domain II induce receptor activation. Clinically, S310F is most frequent among HER2 extracellular domain mutations and patients with the S310F mutation without HER2 amplification responded to trastuzumab with or without the pertuzumab combination. However, the ability of S310F mutant to form homodimers or heterodimers with wild-type HER2 and other HER receptors, or their reactivity to trastuzumab and pertuzumab treatments, has not been reported. We overexpressed S310F as well as G309A, G309E and S310Y HER2 mutants and tested their reactivity to trastuzumab and pertuzumab. All mutants reacted to trastuzumab, but S310F mutant did not react to pertuzumab along with S310Y or G309E mutants. Thereafter, we tested the effects of trastuzumab and pertuzumab on 5637 cell line expressing both wild-type HER2 and S310F mutant. The ligand-independent HER2 homodimerization blocking antibody, trastuzumab, did not inhibit the activation of the HER2 receptor, suggesting that the S310F HER2 mutant did not form homodimers or heterodimers with wild-type HER2. Because 5637 cells overexpressed the EGFR, the effects of cetuximab and gefitinib were determined, and both inhibited the activation of HER2 and significantly reduced cell growth. Because pertuzumab did not inhibit the phosphorylation of HER2 while it bound to wild-type HER2, EGFR-mediated phosphorylation is expected to occur on the S310F mutant. To confirm whether the S310F mutant HER2 retained its affinity to the EGFR, single molecule interaction analyses using TIRF microscopy were performed, which showed that S310F mutant successfully formed complexes with EGFR. In conclusion, HER2 S310F mutant can form an active heterodimer with the EGFR and it can be inhibited by cetuximab, but not by trastuzumab in combination with pertuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Suji Ha
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Byungsan Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Seongyeong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Tae-Young Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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14
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Wei W, Ni D, Ehlerding EB, Luo QY, Cai W. PET Imaging of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 17:1625-1636. [PMID: 30068751 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and/or mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamilies, such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), are closely associated with tumor cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular invasiveness. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) specifically inhibiting these RTKs have shown remarkable success in improving patient survival in many cancer types. However, poor response and even drug resistance inevitably occur. In this setting, the ability to detect and visualize RTKs with noninvasive diagnostic tools will greatly refine clinical treatment strategies for cancer patients, facilitate precise response prediction, and improve drug development. Positron emission tomography (PET) agents using targeted radioactively labeled antibodies have been developed to visualize tumor RTKs and are changing clinical decisions for certain cancer types. In the present review, we primarily focus on PET imaging of RTKs using radiolabeled antibodies with an emphasis on the clinical applications of these immunoPET probes. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1625-36. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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15
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Lua WH, Su CTT, Yeo JY, Poh JJ, Ling WL, Phua SX, Gan SKE. Role of the IgE variable heavy chain in FcεRIα and superantigen binding in allergy and immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:514-523.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Hao Y, Yu X, Bai Y, McBride HJ, Huang X. Cryo-EM Structure of HER2-trastuzumab-pertuzumab complex. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216095. [PMID: 31042744 PMCID: PMC6493747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are monoclonal antibodies that bind to distinct subdomains of the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Adding these monoclonal antibodies to the treatment regimen of HER2-positive breast cancer has changed the paradigm for treatment in that form of cancer. Synergistic activity has been observed with the combination of these two antibodies leading to hypotheses regarding the mechanism(s) and to the development of bispecific antibodies to maximize the clinical effect further. Although the individual crystal structures of HER2-trastuzumab and HER2-pertuzumab revealed the distinct binding sites and provided the structural basis for their anti-tumor activities, detailed structural information on the HER2-trastuzumab-pertuzumab complex has been elusive. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of HER2-trastuzumab-pertuzumab at 4.36 Å resolution. Comparison with the binary complexes reveals no cooperative interaction between trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and provides key insights into the design of novel, high-avidity bispecific molecules with potentially greater clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Amgen Postdoctoral Fellow Program, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Xinchao Yu
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Yonghong Bai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Helen J. McBride
- Biosimilars, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Phua SX, Chan KF, Su CTT, Poh JJ, Gan SKE. Perspective: The promises of a holistic view of proteins-impact on antibody engineering and drug discovery. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181958. [PMID: 30630879 PMCID: PMC6398899 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reductionist approach is prevalent in biomedical science. However, increasing evidence now shows that biological systems cannot be simply considered as the sum of its parts. With experimental, technological, and computational advances, we can now do more than view parts in isolation, thus we propose that an increasing holistic view (where a protein is investigated as much as a whole as possible) is now timely. To further advocate this, we review and discuss several studies and applications involving allostery, where distant protein regions can cross-talk to influence functionality. Therefore, we believe that an increasing big picture approach holds great promise, particularly in the areas of antibody engineering and drug discovery in rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser-Xian Phua
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kwok-Fong Chan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chinh Tran-To Su
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jun-Jie Poh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- APD SKEG Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- APD SKEG Pte Ltd, Singapore
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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18
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Jeong SA, Choi JM, Park JM, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Lee SY, Park YA, Jeong HJ, Song YC, Kim SH, Chang SJ. Mechanism of action of the trastuzumab biosimilar CT-P6. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:1085-1095. [PMID: 30541352 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1554052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Therapeutic monoclonal antibody biosimilars are expected to help reduce the sizeable economic burden of targeted treatments. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of HER2, is approved for use in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings) and HER2-positive gastric cancer. CT-P6 (Herzuma®) is a biosimilar of trastuzumab, designed to bind with high affinity and specificity to the same HER2 epitope as the reference product. We investigated whether CT-P6 exerts its effects through the same mechanism of action as trastuzumab. Methods: The mechanism of action of CT-P6 and trastuzumab, both as monotherapy and in combination with paclitaxel or pertuzumab, was compared in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and gastric cancer cell models. Results: We confirmed that CT-P6 functions in a manner similar to trastuzumab by binding to the HER2 receptor, which is central to the effects of trastuzumab in all indications. Conclusions: Collectively, the results of this study show that the mechanisms of action of CT-P6 and trastuzumab are similar in HER2-positive breast cancer and gastric cancer models and, therefore, CT-P6 can be expected to perform similarly in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Jeong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeon Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Jeong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Cheol Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jae Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion Inc , Incheon , Republic of Korea
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19
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Nami B, Maadi H, Wang Z. Mechanisms Underlying the Action and Synergism of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100342. [PMID: 30241301 PMCID: PMC6210751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 20⁻30% of breast cancers. HER2 is a preferred target for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are two HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use as adjuvant therapy in combination with docetaxel to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Adding the monoclonal antibodies to treatment regimen has changed the paradigm for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite improving outcomes, the percentage of the patients who benefit from the treatment is still low. Continued research and development of novel agents and strategies of drug combinations is needed. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab is essential for moving forward to achieve high efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. This review examined and analyzed findings and hypotheses regarding the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab and proposed a model of synergism based on available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nami
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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20
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Allosteric Effects between the Antibody Constant and Variable Regions: A Study of IgA Fc Mutations on Antigen Binding. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7020020. [PMID: 31544872 PMCID: PMC6698812 DOI: 10.3390/antib7020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have shifted the paradigm of disease treatments from small molecules to biologics, especially in cancer therapy. Despite the increasing number of antibody candidates, much remains unknown about the antibody and how its various regions interact. Recent findings showed that the antibody constant region can govern localization effects that are useful in reducing side effects due to systemic circulation by the commonly used IgG isotypes. Given their localized mucosal effects, IgA antibodies are increasingly promising therapeutic biologics. While the antibody Fc effector cell activity has been a focus point, recent research showed that the Fc could also influence antigen binding, challenging the conventional idea of region-specific antibody functions. To investigate this, we analysed the IgA antibody constant region and its distal effects on the antigen binding regions using recombinant Pertuzumab IgA1 and IgA2 variants. We found that mutations in the C-region reduced Her2 binding experimentally, and computational structural analysis showed that allosteric communications were highly dependent on the antibody hinge, providing strong evidence that we should consider antibodies as whole proteins rather than a sum of functional regions.
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21
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Ling WL, Lua WH, Poh JJ, Yeo JY, Lane DP, Gan SKE. Effect of VH-VL Families in Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab Recombinant Production, Her2 and FcγIIA Binding. Front Immunol 2018; 9:469. [PMID: 29593727 PMCID: PMC5857972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic antibodies are humanized from animal sources. In the humanization process, complementarity determining region grafting is tedious and highly prone to failure. With seven known VH families, and up to six known κ VL families, there are choices aplenty. However, the functions of these families remain largely enigmatic. To study the role of these V-region families, we made 84 recombinant combinations of the various VH and VL family whole IgG1 variants of both Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. We managed to purify 66 of these to investigate the biophysical characteristics: recombinant protein production, and both Her2 and FcγIIA binding. Our findings revealed combinations that showed improved recombinant antibody production and both antigen and receptor binding kinetics. These findings show the need to rethink antibodies as a whole protein, relooking of the functions of the antibody domains, and the need to include immunoglobulin receptor investigations for effective antibody therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Ling
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai-Heng Lua
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Jie Poh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua Yi Yeo
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Philip Lane
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Lua WH, Ling WL, Yeo JY, Poh JJ, Lane DP, Gan SKE. The effects of Antibody Engineering CH and CL in Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab recombinant models: Impact on antibody production and antigen-binding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:718. [PMID: 29335579 PMCID: PMC5768722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic antibodies such as Trastuzumab, are typically of the blood circulatory IgG1 class (Cκ/ CHγ1). Due to the binding to Her2 also present on normal cell surfaces, side effects such as cardiac failure can sometimes be associated with such targeted therapy. Using antibody isotype swapping, it may be possible to reduce systemic circulation through increased tissue localization, thereby minimising unwanted side effects. However, the effects of such modifications have yet to be fully characterized, particularly with regards to their biophysical properties in antigen binding. To do this, we produced all light and heavy chain human isotypes/subtypes recombinant versions of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, and studied them with respect to recombinant production and Her2 binding. Our findings show that while the light chain constant region changes have no major effects on production or Her2 binding, some heavy chain isotypes, in particularly, IgM and IgD isotypes, can modulate antigen binding. This study thus provides the groundwork for such isotype modifications to be performed in the future to yield therapeutics of higher efficacy and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Heng Lua
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Li Ling
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua Yi Yeo
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Jie Poh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Philip Lane
- p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,p53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Bondza S, Björkelund H, Nestor M, Andersson K, Buijs J. Novel Real-Time Proximity Assay for Characterizing Multiple Receptor Interactions on Living Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13212-13218. [PMID: 29160688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular receptor activity is often controlled through complex mechanisms involving interactions with multiple molecules, which can be soluble ligands and/or other cell surface molecules. In this study, we combine a fluorescence-based technology for real-time interaction analysis with fluorescence quenching to create a novel time-resolved proximity assay to study protein-receptor interactions on living cells. This assay extracts the binding kinetics and affinity for two proteins if they bind in proximity on the cell surface. One application of real-time proximity interaction analysis is to study relative levels of receptor dimerization. The method was primarily evaluated using the HER2 binding antibodies Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab and two EGFR binding antibodies including Cetuximab. Using Cetuximab and Trastuzumab, proximity of EGFR and HER2 was investigated before and after treatment of cells with the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Gefitinib. Treated cells displayed 50% increased proximity signal, whereas the binding characteristics of the two antibodies were not significantly affected, implying an increase in the EGFR-HER2 dimer level. These results demonstrate that real-time proximity interaction analysis enables determination of the interaction rate constants and affinity of two ligands while simultaneously quantifying their relative colocalization on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bondza
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.,Ridgeview Instruments AB , Dag Hammarskjölds väg 28, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Björkelund
- Ridgeview Instruments AB , Dag Hammarskjölds väg 28, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Andersson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.,Ridgeview Instruments AB , Dag Hammarskjölds väg 28, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jos Buijs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.,Ridgeview Instruments AB , Dag Hammarskjölds väg 28, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Jiang D, Im HJ, Sun H, Valdovinos HF, England CG, Ehlerding EB, Nickles RJ, Lee DS, Cho SY, Huang P, Cai W. Radiolabeled pertuzumab for imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in ovarian cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1296-1305. [PMID: 28265738 PMCID: PMC5471126 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is over-expressed in over 30% of ovarian cancer cases, playing an essential role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Non-invasive imaging of HER2 is of great interest for physicians as a mean to better detect and monitor the progression of ovarian cancer. In this study, HER2 was assessed as a biomarker for ovarian cancer imaging using 64Cu-labeled pertuzumab for immunoPET imaging. METHODS HER2 expression and binding were examined in three ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3, OVCAR3, Caov3) using in vitro techniques, including western blot and saturation binding assays. PET imaging and biodistribution studies in subcutaneous models of ovarian cancer were performed for non-invasive in vivo evaluation of HER2 expression. Additionally, orthotopic models were employed to further validate the imaging capability of 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab. RESULTS HER2 expression was highest in SKOV3 cells, while OVCAR3 and Caov3 displayed lower HER2 expression. 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab showed high specificity for HER2 (Ka = 3.1 ± 0.6 nM) in SKOV3. In subcutaneous tumors, PET imaging revealed tumor uptake of 41.8 ± 3.8, 10.5 ± 3.9, and 12.1 ± 2.3%ID/g at 48 h post-injection for SKOV3, OVCAR3, and Caov3, respectively (n = 3). In orthotopic models, PET imaging with 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab allowed for rapid and clear delineation of both primary and small peritoneal metastases in HER2-expressing ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab is an effective PET tracer for the non-invasive imaging of HER2 expression in vivo, rendering it a potential tracer for treatment monitoring and improved patient stratification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Copper Radioisotopes
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/chemistry
- Humans
- Isotope Labeling
- Mice
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
- Radiometry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Hector F Valdovinos
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Christopher G England
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Robert J Nickles
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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25
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Malik PRV, Hamadeh A, Phipps C, Edginton AN. Population PBPK modelling of trastuzumab: a framework for quantifying and predicting inter-individual variability. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2017; 44:277-290. [PMID: 28260166 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-017-9515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work we proposed a population physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (popPBPK) framework for quantifying and predicting inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability using the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab as an example. First, a PBPK model was developed to account for the possible mechanistic sources of variability. Within the model, five key factors that contribute to variability were identified and the nature of their contribution was quantified with local and global sensitivity analyses. The five key factors were the concentration of membrane-bound HER2 ([Formula: see text]), the convective flow rate of mAb through vascular pores ([Formula: see text]), the endocytic transport rate of mAb through vascular endothelium ([Formula: see text]), the degradation rate of mAb-HER2 complexes ([Formula: see text]) and the concentration of shed HER2 extracellular domain in circulation ([Formula: see text]). [Formula: see text] was the most important parameter governing trastuzumab distribution into tissues and primarily affected variability in the first 500 h post-administration. [Formula: see text] was the most significant contributor to variability in clearance. These findings were used together with population generation methods to accurately predict the observed variability in four experimental trials with trastuzumab. To explore anthropometric sources of variability, virtual populations were created to represent participants in the four experimental trials. Using populations with only their expected anthropometric diversity resulted in under-prediction of the observed inter-individual variability. Adapting the populations to include literature-based variability around the five key parameters enabled accurate predictions of the variability in the four trials. The successful application of this framework demonstrates the utility of popPBPK methods to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of pharmacokinetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R V Malik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Abdullah Hamadeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Colin Phipps
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Andrea N Edginton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.
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