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Nabinger DD, Altenhofen S, Buatois A, Facciol A, Peixoto JV, da Silva JMK, Chatterjee D, Rübensam G, Gerlai R, Bonan CD. Acute administration of a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist alters behavioral and neural parameters in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110753. [PMID: 36934998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic neurotransmitter system is implicated in several brain functions and behavioral processes. Alterations in it are associated with the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Pharmacological agents that interact with the dopaminergic system allow the investigation of dopamine-mediated cellular and molecular responses and may elucidate the biological bases of such disorders. Zebrafish, a translationally relevant biomedical research organism, has been successfully employed in prior psychopharmacology studies. Here, we evaluated the effects of quinpirole (dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist) in adult zebrafish on behavioral parameters, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotransmitter levels. Zebrafish received intraperitoneal injections of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg quinpirole or saline (control group) twice with an inter-injection interval of 48 h. All tests were performed 24 h after the second injection. After this acute quinpirole administration, zebrafish exhibited decreased locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like behaviors and memory impairment. However, quinpirole did not affect social and aggressive behavior. Quinpirole-treated fish exhibited stereotypic swimming, characterized by repetitive behavior followed by immobile episodes. Moreover, quinpirole treatment also decreased the number of BDNF-immunoreactive cells in the zebrafish brain. Analysis of neurotransmitter levels demonstrated a significant increase in glutamate and a decrease in serotonin, while no alterations were observed in dopamine. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic signaling altered by quinpirole administration results in significant behavioral and neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system of zebrafish. Thus, we conclude that the use of quinpirole administration in adult zebrafish may be an appropriate tool for the analysis of mechanisms underlying neurological disorders related to the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dreher Nabinger
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexis Buatois
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Facciol
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Vasconcellos Peixoto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Kuhl da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Rübensam
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia (INTOX), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Everett AC, Graul BE, Ronström JW, Robinson JK, Watts DB, España RA, Siciliano CA, Yorgason JT. Effectiveness and Relationship between Biased and Unbiased Measures of Dopamine Release and Clearance. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1534-1548. [PMID: 35482592 PMCID: PMC10763521 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an effective tool for measuring dopamine release and clearance throughout the brain, especially the striatum where dopamine terminals are abundant and signals are heavily regulated by release machinery and the dopamine transporter (DAT). Peak height measurement is perhaps the most common method for measuring dopamine release, but it is influenced by changes in clearance. Michaelis-Menten-based modeling has been a standard in measuring dopamine clearance, but it is problematic in that it requires experimenter fitted modeling subject to experimenter bias. This study presents the use of the first derivative (velocity) of evoked dopamine signals as an alternative approach for measuring and distinguishing dopamine release from clearance. Maximal upward velocity predicts reductions in dopamine peak height due to D2 and GABAB receptor stimulation and by alterations in calcium concentrations. The Michaelis-Menten maximal velocity (Vmax) measure, an approximation for DAT levels, predicts maximal downward velocity in slices and in vivo. Dopamine peak height and upward velocity were similar between wild-type and DAT knock-out (DATKO) mice. In contrast, downward velocity was lower and exponential decay (tau) was higher in DATKO mice, supporting the use of both measures for extreme changes in DAT activity. In slices, the competitive DAT inhibitors cocaine, PTT, and WF23 increased peak height and upward velocity differentially across increasing concentrations, with PTT and cocaine reducing these measures at high concentrations. Downward velocity and tau values decreased and increased respectively across concentrations, with greater potency and efficacy observed with WF23 and PTT. In vivo recordings demonstrated similar effects of WF23, PTT, and cocaine on measures of release and clearance. Tau was a more sensitive measure at low concentrations, supporting its use as a surrogate for the Michaelis-Menten measure of apparent affinity (Km). Together, these results inform on the use of these various measures for dopamine release and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Everett
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ben E. Graul
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joakim W. Ronström
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - J. Kayden Robinson
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Daniel B. Watts
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. España
- Drexel University, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Philadelphia, PA 28619, USA
| | - Cody A. Siciliano
- Vanderbilt University, Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jordan T. Yorgason
- Brigham Young University, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Cocaine Modulates the Neuronal Endosomal System and Extracellular Vesicles in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2263-2277. [PMID: 35501523 PMCID: PMC9352616 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In multiple neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, endosomal changes correlate with changes in exosomes. We examined this linkage in the brain of mice that received cocaine injections for two weeks starting at 2.5 months of age. Cocaine caused a decrease in the number of both neuronal early and late endosomes and exosomes in the brains of male but not female mice. The response to cocaine in ovariectomized females mirrored male, demonstrating that these sex-differences in response to cocaine are driven by hormonal differences. Moreover, cocaine increased the amount of α-synuclein per exosome in the brain of females but did not affect exosomal α-synuclein content in the brain of males, a sex-difference eliminated by ovariectomy. Enhanced packaging of α-synuclein into female brain exosomes with the potential for propagation of pathology throughout the brain suggests a mechanism for the different response of females to chronic cocaine exposure as compared to males.
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Adenosine A 2AReceptors in Substance Use Disorders: A Focus on Cocaine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061372. [PMID: 32492952 PMCID: PMC7348840 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several psychoactive drugs can evoke substance use disorders (SUD) in humans and animals, and these include psychostimulants, opioids, cannabinoids (CB), nicotine, and alcohol. The etiology, mechanistic processes, and the therapeutic options to deal with SUD are not well understood. The common feature of all abused drugs is that they increase dopamine (DA) neurotransmission within the mesocorticolimbic circuitry of the brain followed by the activation of DA receptors. D2 receptors were proposed as important molecular targets for SUD. The findings showed that D2 receptors formed heteromeric complexes with other GPCRs, which forced the addiction research area in new directions. In this review, we updated the view on the brain D2 receptor complexes with adenosine (A)2A receptors (A2AR) and discussed the role of A2AR in different aspects of addiction phenotypes in laboratory animal procedures that permit the highly complex syndrome of human drug addiction. We presented the current knowledge on the neurochemical in vivo and ex vivo mechanisms related to cocaine use disorder (CUD) and discussed future research directions for A2AR heteromeric complexes in SUD.
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Narváez M, Romero-Fernández W, Pinton L, Wydra K, Filip M, Beggiato S, Tanganelli S, Ferraro L, Fuxe K. Acute Cocaine Enhances Dopamine D 2R Recognition and Signaling and Counteracts D 2R Internalization in Sigma1R-D 2R Heteroreceptor Complexes. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7045-7055. [PMID: 30972626 PMCID: PMC6728299 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The current study was performed to establish the actions of nanomolar concentrations of cocaine, not blocking the dopamine transporter, on dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)-sigma 1 receptor (δ1R) heteroreceptor complexes and the D2R protomer recognition, signaling and internalization in cellular models. We report the existence of D2R-δ1R heteroreceptor complexes in subcortical limbic areas as well as the dorsal striatum, with different distribution patterns using the in situ proximity ligation assay. Also, through BRET, these heteromers were demonstrated in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, saturation binding assay demonstrated that in membrane preparations of HEK293 cells coexpressing D2R and δ1R, cocaine (1 nM) significantly increased the D2R Bmax values over cells singly expressing D2R. CREB reporter luc-gene assay indicated that coexpressed δ1R significantly reduced the potency of the D2R-like agonist quinpirole to inhibit via D2R activation the forskolin induced increase of the CREB signal. In contrast, the addition of 100 nM cocaine was found to markedly increase the quinpirole potency to inhibit the forskolin-induced increase of the CREB signal in the D2R-δ1R cells. These events were associated with a marked reduction of cocaine-induced internalization of D2R protomers in D2R-δ1R heteromer-containing cells vs D2R singly expressing cells as studied by means of confocal analysis of D2R-δ1R trafficking and internalization. Overall, the formation of D2R-δ1R heteromers enhanced the ability of cocaine to increase the D2R protomer function associated with a marked reduction of its internalization. The existence of D2R-δ1R heteromers opens up a new understanding of the acute actions of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (B0851). Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, via Ca’ le Suore 2, 610 29 Urbino, Italy
- Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Zayas 50, 62100 Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Wilber Romero-Fernández
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (B0851). Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (B0851). Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K. Oligomeric Receptor Complexes and Their Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions in the Plasma Membrane Represent a New Biological Principle for Integration of Signals in the CNS. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:230. [PMID: 31607863 PMCID: PMC6773811 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) not only exist as monomers but also as homomers and heteromers in which allosteric receptor-receptor interactions take place, modulating the functions of the participating GPCR protomers. GPCRs can also form heteroreceptor complexes with ionotropic receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases modulating their function. Furthermore, adaptor proteins interact with receptor protomers and modulate their interactions. The state of the art is that the allosteric receptor-receptor interactions are reciprocal, highly dynamic and substantially alter the signaling, trafficking, recognition and pharmacology of the participating protomers. The pattern of changes appears to be unique for each heteromer and can favor antagonistic or facilitatory interactions or switch the G protein coupling from e.g., Gi/o to Gq or to beta-arrestin signaling. It lends a new dimension to molecular integration in the nervous system. Future direction should be aimed at determining the receptor interface involving building models of selected heterodimers. This will make design of interface-interfering peptides that specifically disrupt the heterodimer possible. This will help to determine the functional role of the allosteric receptor-receptor interactions as well as the integration of signals at the plasma membrane by the heteroreceptor complexes, vs. integration of the intracellular signaling pathways. Integration of signals also at the plasma membrane seems crucial in view of the hypothesis that learning and memory at a molecular level takes place by reorganization of homo and heteroreceptor complexes in the postsynaptic membrane. Homo and heteroreceptor complexes are in balance with each other, and their disbalance is linked to disease. Targeting heteroreceptor complexes represents a novel strategy for the treatment of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, Urbino, Italy
- Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Wydra K, Filip M, Fuxe K. A2AR-D2R Heteroreceptor Complexes in Cocaine Reward and Addiction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:1008-1020. [PMID: 30384981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in G protein-coupled receptor homo- and heteroreceptor complexes in which they physically interact provides a new dimension to molecular integration in the brain. The receptor-receptor interactions dynamically change recognition, pharmacology, signaling, and trafficking of the participating receptors. Among the receptor complexes, disruption of the A2A receptor-dopamine D2 receptor (A2AR-D2R) complex by an A2AR agonist has been shown to fully block the inhibition of cocaine self-administration. Cocaine induced pathological A2AR-D2R-Sigma1R complexes may form a long-term memory with a strong and permanent D2R brake, leading to cocaine addiction. These heteroreceptor complexes can potentially be targeted for future pharmacotherapy of cocaine addiction by using heterobivalent compounds or A2AR-D2R receptor interface-interfering peptides that disrupt the A2AR-D2R-Sigma1R complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smetna, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smetna, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ballesteros-Yáñez I, Castillo CA, Merighi S, Gessi S. The Role of Adenosine Receptors in Psychostimulant Addiction. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:985. [PMID: 29375384 PMCID: PMC5767594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (AR) are a family of G-protein coupled receptors, comprised of four members, named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors, found widely distributed in almost all human body tissues and organs. To date, they are known to participate in a large variety of physiopathological responses, which include vasodilation, pain, and inflammation. In particular, in the central nervous system (CNS), adenosine acts as a neuromodulator, exerting different functions depending on the type of AR and consequent cellular signaling involved. In terms of molecular pathways and second messengers involved, A1 and A3 receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC), through Gi/o proteins, while A2A and A2B receptors stimulate it through Gs proteins. In the CNS, A1 receptors are widely distributed in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, A2A receptors are localized mainly in the striatum and olfactory bulb, while A2B and A3 receptors are found at low levels of expression. In addition, AR are able to form heteromers, both among themselves (e.g., A1/A2A), as well as with other subtypes (e.g., A2A/D2), opening a whole range of possibilities in the field of the pharmacology of AR. Nowadays, we know that adenosine, by acting on adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, is known to antagonistically modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission and therefore reward systems, being A1 receptors colocalized in heteromeric complexes with D1 receptors, and A2A receptors with D2 receptors. This review documents the present state of knowledge of the contribution of AR, particularly A1 and A2A, to psychostimulants-mediated effects, including locomotor activity, discrimination, seeking and reward, and discuss their therapeutic relevance to psychostimulant addiction. Studies presented in this review reinforce the potential of A1 agonists as an effective strategy to counteract psychostimulant-induced effects. Furthermore, different experimental data support the hypothesis that A2A/D2 heterodimers are partly responsible for the psychomotor and reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamine, and the stimulation of A2A receptor is proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of drug addiction. The overall analysis of presented data provide evidence that excitatory modulation of A1 and A2A receptors constitute promising tools to counteract psychostimulants addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yáñez
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos A Castillo
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Beggiato S, Borelli AC, Borroto-Escuela D, Corbucci I, Tomasini MC, Marti M, Antonelli T, Tanganelli S, Fuxe K, Ferraro L. Cocaine modulates allosteric D 2-σ 1 receptor-receptor interactions on dopamine and glutamate nerve terminals from rat striatum. Cell Signal 2017; 40:116-124. [PMID: 28923416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of nanomolar cocaine concentrations, possibly not blocking the dopamine transporter activity, on striatal D2-σ1 heteroreceptor complexes and their inhibitory signaling over Gi/o, have been tested in rat striatal synaptosomes and HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the possible role of σ1 receptors (σ1Rs) in the cocaine-provoked amplification of D2 receptor (D2R)-induced reduction of K+-evoked [3H]-DA and glutamate release from rat striatal synaptosomes, has also been investigated. The dopamine D2-likeR agonist quinpirole (10nM-1μM), concentration-dependently reduced K+-evoked [3H]-DA and glutamate release from rat striatal synaptosomes. The σ1R antagonist BD1063 (100nM), amplified the effects of quinpirole (10 and 100nM) on K+-evoked [3H]-DA, but not glutamate, release. Nanomolar cocaine concentrations significantly enhanced the quinpirole (100nM)-induced decrease of K+-evoked [3H]-DA and glutamate release from rat striatal synaptosomes. In the presence of BD1063 (10nM), cocaine failed to amplify the quinpirole (100nM)-induced effects. In cotransfected σ1R and D2LR HEK293T cells, quinpirole had a reduced potency to inhibit the CREB signal versus D2LR singly transfected cells. In the presence of cocaine (100nM), the potency of quinpirole to inhibit the CREB signal was restored. In D2L singly transfected cells cocaine (100nM and 10μM) exerted no modulatory effects on the inhibitory potency of quinpirole to bring down the CREB signal. These results led us to hypothesize the existence of functional D2-σ1R complexes on the rat striatal DA and glutamate nerve terminals and functional D2-σ1R-DA transporter complexes on the striatal DA terminals. Nanomolar cocaine concentrations appear to alter the allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in such complexes leading to enhancement of Gi/o mediated D2R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Celeste Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Corbucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Antonelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), via interaction with various proteins, including voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels (VGICs and LGICs), is involved in a plethora of neuronal functions. This capability to regulate a variety of ion channel targets endows the Sig-1R with a powerful capability to fine tune neuronal excitability, and thereby the transmission of information within brain circuits. This versatility may also explain why the Sig-1R is associated to numerous diseases at both peripheral and central levels. To date, how the Sig-1R chooses its targets and how the combinations of target modulations alter overall neuronal excitability is one of the challenges in the field of Sig-1R-dependent regulation of neuronal activity. Here, we will describe and discuss the latest findings on Sig-1R-dependent modulation of VGICs and LGICs, and provide hypotheses that may explain the diverse excitability outcomes that have been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïd Kourrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, 75390-9070, USA.
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Understanding the Functional Plasticity in Neural Networks of the Basal Ganglia in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Role for Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions in A2A-D2 Heteroreceptor Complexes. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4827268. [PMID: 27872762 PMCID: PMC5107220 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4827268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our hypothesis is that allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in homo- and heteroreceptor complexes may form the molecular basis of learning and memory. This principle is illustrated by showing how cocaine abuse can alter the adenosine A2AR-dopamine D2R heterocomplexes and their receptor-receptor interactions and hereby induce neural plasticity in the basal ganglia. Studies with A2AR ligands using cocaine self-administration procedures indicate that antagonistic allosteric A2AR-D2R heterocomplexes of the ventral striatopallidal GABA antireward pathway play a significant role in reducing cocaine induced reward, motivation, and cocaine seeking. Anticocaine actions of A2AR agonists can also be produced at A2AR homocomplexes in these antireward neurons, actions in which are independent of D2R signaling. At the A2AR-D2R heterocomplex, they are dependent on the strength of the antagonistic allosteric A2AR-D2R interaction and the number of A2AR-D2R and A2AR-D2R-sigma1R heterocomplexes present in the ventral striatopallidal GABA neurons. It involves a differential cocaine-induced increase in sigma1Rs in the ventral versus the dorsal striatum. In contrast, the allosteric brake on the D2R protomer signaling in the A2AR-D2R heterocomplex of the dorsal striatopallidal GABA neurons is lost upon cocaine self-administration. This is potentially due to differences in composition and allosteric plasticity of these complexes versus those in the ventral striatopallidal neurons.
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Pintsuk J, Borroto-Escuela DO, Pomierny B, Wydra K, Zaniewska M, Filip M, Fuxe K. Cocaine self-administration differentially affects allosteric A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interactions in the striatum. Relevance for cocaine use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 144:85-91. [PMID: 26987369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study behavioral and biochemical experiments were performed to study changes in the allosteric A2AR-D2R interactions in the ventral and dorsal striatum after cocaine self-administration versus corresponding yoked saline control. By using ex vivo [(3)H]-raclopride/quinpirole competition experiments, the effects of the A2AR agonist CGS 21680 (100 nM) on the KiH and KiL values of the D2-like receptor (D2-likeR) were determined. One major result was a significant reduction in the D2-likeR agonist high affinity state observed with CGS 21680 after cocaine self-administration in the ventral striatum compared with the yoked saline group. The results therefore support the hypothesis that A2AR agonists can at least in part counteract the motivational actions of cocaine. This action is mediated via the D2-likeR by targeting the A2AR protomer of A2AR-D2-like R heteroreceptor complexes in the ventral striatum, which leads to the reduction of D2-likeR protomer recognition through the allosteric receptor-receptor interaction. In contrast, in the dorsal striatum the CGS 21680-induced antagonistic modulation in the D2-likeR agonist high affinity state was abolished after cocaine self-administration versus the yoked saline group probably due to a local dysfunction/disruption of the A2AR-D2-like R heteroreceptor complexes. Such a change in the dorsal striatum in cocaine self-administration can contribute to the development of either locomotor sensitization, habit-forming learning and/or the compulsive drug seeking by enhanced D2-likeR protomer signaling. Potential differences in the composition and stoichiometry of the A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes, including differential recruitment of sigma 1 receptor, in the ventral and dorsal striatum may explain the differential regional changes observed in the A2A-D2-likeR interactions after cocaine self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pintsuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, via Ca' le Suore 2, I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, PL-31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, PL-31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, PL-31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wydra K, Gołembiowska K, Suder A, Kamińska K, Fuxe K, Filip M. On the role of adenosine (A)₂A receptors in cocaine-induced reward: a pharmacological and neurochemical analysis in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:421-35. [PMID: 25027583 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several studies have suggested the inhibitory control of adenosine (A)2A receptor stimulation in cocaine-induced behavioral actions. OBJECTIVES A combination of systemic or local drug injections and in vivo neurochemical analysis investigated A2A receptors in cocaine and food reward. METHODS Rats, trained to self-administer cocaine or food, were tested with the selective A2A receptor antagonists KW 6002 and SCH 58261 or the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680. Extracellular dopamine, glutamate, and GABA levels in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum were determined following intra-accumbal CGS 21680 administration during cocaine self-administration. RESULTS Neither KW 6002 nor SCH 58261 (0.25-1 mg/kg) altered cocaine self-administration (0.125-0.5 mg/kg/infusion), while CGS 21680 (0.2-0.4 mg/kg) produced a downward shift in the cocaine dose-response curve under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement and decreased the cocaine breaking point. CGS 21680 blocked also operant responding for food, while the A2A receptor antagonists were inactive. Local steady-state infusion of CGS 21680 (10 μM) during cocaine self-administration increased the active level pressing that was accompanied with reduced dopamine and increased GABA in the nucleus accumbens in the absence of changes in GABA and glutamate levels in the ventral pallidum. Pretreatment with systemic KW 6002 counteracted the increases in number of cocaine infusions seen after intra-accumbal administration of CGS 21680. CONCLUSION The findings support a role of A2A receptors in modulating goal-maintained behaviors. They also indicate that increased accumbal GABA release involving an antagonistic A2A-D2 receptor interaction can participate in mediating the inhibitory effects of the A2A agonist on cocaine reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wydra
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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In vitro effects of cocaine on tunneling nanotube formation and extracellular vesicle release in glioblastoma cell cultures. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:42-50. [PMID: 24996625 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cocaine (150 nM, 300 nM, and 150 μM) on human glioblastoma cell cultures were studied on tunneling nanotube formation (1-h cocaine treatment) and extracellular vesicle release (1-, 3-, and 8-h cocaine treatment). Cocaine significantly increased the number of tunneling nanotubes only at the lowest concentration used. The release of extracellular vesicles (mainly exosomes) into the medium was stimulated by cocaine at each concentration used with a maximum effect at the highest concentration tested (150 μM). Moreover, cocaine (150 nM) significantly increased the number of vesicles with 61-80 nm diameter while at concentrations of 300 nM and 150 μM, and the smaller vesicles (30-40 nm diameter) were significantly increased with a reduction of the larger vesicles (41-60 nm diameter). A time dependence in the release of extracellular vesicles was observed. In view of the proposed role of these novel intercellular communication modes in the glial-neuronal plasticity, it seems possible that they can participate in the processes leading to cocaine addiction. The molecular target/s involved in these cocaine effects could be specific molecular components of plasma membrane lipid rafts and/or cocaine-induced modifications in cytoplasmic lipid composition.
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Bystrowska B, Smaga I, Frankowska M, Filip M. Changes in endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine levels in rat brain structures following cocaine self-administration and extinction training. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:1-10. [PMID: 24334211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical investigations have demonstrated that drugs of abuse alter the levels of lipid-based signalling molecules, including endocannabinoids (eCBs) and N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), in the rodent brain. In addition, several drugs targeting eCBs and/or NAEs are implicated in reward and/or seeking behaviours related to the stimulation of dopamine systems in the brain. In our study, the brain levels of eCBs (anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)) and NAEs (oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)) were analyzed via an LC-MS/MS method in selected brain structures of rats during cocaine self-administration and after extinction training according to the "yoked" control procedure. Repeated (14days) cocaine (0.5mg/kg/infusion) self-administration and yoked drug delivery resulted in a significant decrease (ca. 52%) in AEA levels in the cerebellum, whereas levels of 2-AG increased in the frontal cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum and decreased in the hippocampus and the dorsal striatum. In addition, we detected increases (>150%) in the levels of OEA and PEA in the limbic areas in both cocaine treated groups, as well as an increase in the tissue levels of OEA in the dorsal striatum in only the yoked cocaine group and increases in the tissue levels of PEA in the dorsal striatum (both cocaine groups) and the nucleus accumbens (yoked cocaine group only). Compared to the yoked saline control group, extinction training (10days) resulted in a potent reduction in AEA levels in the frontal cortex, the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens and in 2-AG levels in the hippocampus, the dorsal striatum and the cerebellum. The decreases in the limbic and subcortical areas were more apparent for rats that self-administered cocaine. Following extinction, there was a region-specific change in the levels of NAEs in rats previously injected with cocaine; a potent increase (ca. 100%) in the levels of OEA and PEA was detected in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, whilst a drop was noted in the striatal areas versus yoked saline yoked animals. Our findings support the previous pharmacological evidence that the eCB system and NAEs are involved in reinforcement and extinction of positively reinforced behaviours and that these lipid-derived molecules may represent promising targets for the development of new treatments for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frankowska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Zaniewska M, Przegaliński E, Filip M, Pilc A, Doller D. Inhibitory actions of mGlu4 receptor ligands on cocaine-, but not nicotine-, induced sensitizing and conditioning locomotor responses in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:205-11. [PMID: 24911071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male Wistar rats were used to verify the hypothesis that metabotropic glutamate 4 (mGlu4) receptor ligands may modulate the locomotor effects evoked by cocaine or nicotine. METHODS The preferential mGlu4 receptor orthosteric agonist (2S)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy[hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]phosphoryl]butanoic acid (LSP1-2111) and the mGlu4 receptor positive allosteric modulator (+)-cis-N(1)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxamide (Lu AF21934) were used in the study. Rats were given repeated pairings of a test environment with cocaine (10mg/kg), nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or the respective vehicles for 5 days. On day 10, animals were challenged with cocaine (10mg/kg, cocaine sensitization), nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, nicotine sensitization) or vehicle (conditioned hyperlocomotion) in experimental cages. RESULTS Given on day 10, LSP1-2111 (3mg/kg) as well as Lu AF21934 (2.5-5mg/kg) decreased the expression of cocaine sensitization. In another set of experiments, LSP1-2111 (3mg/kg) and Lu AF21934 (5mg/kg) administered on day 10 attenuated the conditioned hyperlocomotion in rats treated repeatedly with cocaine. Neither LSP1-2111 (1-3mg/kg) nor Lu AF21934 (2.5-5mg/kg) changed the expression of nicotine sensitization and conditioned hyperlocomotion in rats treated repeatedly with nicotine. None of the mGlu4 receptor agonist/modulator altered the basal locomotor activity or acute hyperactivity to cocaine or nicotine. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that pharmacological stimulation of mGlu4 receptors reduces the cocaine-induced expression of sensitization as well as conditioned hyperactivity. In contrast, mGlu4 receptor activation seems to be devoid of any effect on the locomotor effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Edmund Przegaliński
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Darío Doller
- Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, USA
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Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov A, Fernandez WR, Manger P, Rivera A, van Craenenbroeck K, Skieterska K, Diaz-Cabiale Z, Filip M, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Guidolin D, Cullheim S, de la Mora MP, Agnati LF. Understanding the balance and integration of volume and synaptic transmission. Relevance for psychiatry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Navarro G, Moreno E, Bonaventura J, Brugarolas M, Farré D, Aguinaga D, Mallol J, Cortés A, Casadó V, Lluís C, Ferre S, Franco R, Canela E, McCormick PJ. Cocaine inhibits dopamine D2 receptor signaling via sigma-1-D2 receptor heteromers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61245. [PMID: 23637801 PMCID: PMC3630156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions the brain maintains a delicate balance between inputs of reward seeking controlled by neurons containing the D1-like family of dopamine receptors and inputs of aversion coming from neurons containing the D2-like family of dopamine receptors. Cocaine is able to subvert these balanced inputs by altering the cell signaling of these two pathways such that D1 reward seeking pathway dominates. Here, we provide an explanation at the cellular and biochemical level how cocaine may achieve this. Exploring the effect of cocaine on dopamine D2 receptors function, we present evidence of σ1 receptor molecular and functional interaction with dopamine D2 receptors. Using biophysical, biochemical, and cell biology approaches, we discovered that D2 receptors (the long isoform of the D2 receptor) can complex with σ1 receptors, a result that is specific to D2 receptors, as D3 and D4 receptors did not form heteromers. We demonstrate that the σ1-D2 receptor heteromers consist of higher order oligomers, are found in mouse striatum and that cocaine, by binding to σ1 -D2 receptor heteromers, inhibits downstream signaling in both cultured cells and in mouse striatum. In contrast, in striatum from σ1 knockout animals these complexes are not found and this inhibition is not seen. Taken together, these data illuminate the mechanism by which the initial exposure to cocaine can inhibit signaling via D2 receptor containing neurons, destabilizing the delicate signaling balance influencing drug seeking that emanates from the D1 and D2 receptor containing neurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefania Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Brugarolas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Farré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguinaga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lluís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Ferre
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enric Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ginovart N, Tournier BB, Moulin-Sallanon M, Steimer T, Ibanez V, Millet P. Chronic Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure induces a sensitization of dopamine D₂/₃ receptors in the mesoaccumbens and nigrostriatal systems. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:2355-67. [PMID: 22692568 PMCID: PMC3442351 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), through its action on cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB₁R), is known to activate dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Functional evidence of a direct antagonistic interaction between CB₁R and DA D₂-receptors (D₂R) suggests that D₂R may be an important target for the modulation of DA neurotransmission by THC. The current study evaluated, in rodents, the effects of chronic exposure to THC (1 mg/kg/day; 21 days) on D₂R and D₃R availabilities using the D₂R-prefering antagonist and the D₃R-preferring agonist radiotracers [¹⁸F]fallypride and [³H]-(+)-PHNO, respectively. At 24 h after the last THC dose, D₂R and D₃R densities were significantly increased in midbrain. In caudate/putamen (CPu), THC exposure was associated with increased densities of D₂R with no change in D₂R mRNA expression, whereas in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) both D₃R binding and mRNA levels were upregulated. These receptor changes, which were completely reversed in CPu but only partially reversed in NAcc and midbrain at 1 week after THC cessation, correlated with an increased functionality of D₂/₃R in vivo, based on findings of increased locomotor suppressive effect of a presynaptic dose and enhanced locomotor activation produced by a postsynaptic dose of quinpirole. Concomitantly, the observations of a decreased gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in midbrain together with a blunted psychomotor response to amphetamine concurred to indicate a diminished presynaptic DA function following THC. These findings indicate that the early period following THC treatment cessation is associated with altered presynaptic D₂/₃R controlling DA synthesis and release in midbrain, with the concurrent development of postsynaptic D₂/₃R supersensitivity in NAcc and CPu. Such D₂/₃R neuroadaptations may contribute to the reinforcing and habit-forming properties of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Ginovart
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcelle Moulin-Sallanon
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,INSERM Unit 1039, J Fourier University, La Tronche, France
| | - Thierry Steimer
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vicente Ibanez
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Butini S, Gemma S, Campiani G. A straightforward approach for engineering efficacy and selectivity at GPCRs. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6687-8. [PMID: 22809299 DOI: 10.1021/jm301017v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università degli Studi di Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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