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Owonikoko WM, Alimba CG. Systematic literature review of heavy metal contamination of the Nigerian environment from e-waste management: Associated health and carcinogenic risk assessment. Toxicology 2024; 505:153811. [PMID: 38653375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
E-waste -the aftermath of large amount of electrical and electronic equipment ferried into Africa from which Nigeria receives a significant chunk, is composed of components known to be hazardous to health. Composition of series of heavy metals (HMs) in e-waste is traceable to many health conditions including cancer which is hitherto incompletely understood. This study harmonizes primary data on HMs from e-waste in different Nigerian environmental media including the air, soil, surface dust, water and plant. We estimated the possible health implications, single and aggregative soil and water pollution indices both in adult and children categories, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks secondary to HM exposure and mapped out the possible mechanism of carcinogenesis. Analysis showed that soil, water, surface dust and plant matrices in Nigerian environment are variedly but considerably contaminated with combination of HMs. The significantly high values of the hazard quotient and hazard index of both water and surface dust matrices are indicative of adverse health effect of the non-carcinogenic risk. The highest HQ is generated by Pb and Cr through dermal exposure to soil and surface dust with mean values of 1718.48, 1146.14, 1362.10 and 1794.61 respectively among Nigerian children followed by the oral exposure. This pattern of observation is similar to that obtained for adult category. HI due to Pb and Cr in soil constitutes the highest HI (2.05E+03 and 1.18E+03 respectively) followed by surface dust. However, this study precipitates the observation that children are more at health risk than adults in contaminated environment. Carcinogenic risk also follows the same pattern of expression in the Nigerian environment. We conclude that exposure to e-waste poses significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks and the induction of toxicity may be mediated via DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory/immune cells dysfunction in Nigerian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Owonikoko
- Laboratory for Environmental Physiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - C G Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund 44139, Germany.
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2
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Sakuma Y, Shimizu T, Kurosawa Y, Ohara H, Muto Y, Sato Y, Kiko T, Sato A, Misaka T, Yoshihisa A, Yamaki T, Nakazato K, Ishida T, Takeishi Y. Impact of bleeding event for new cancer diagnosis in patients with antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiol 2023; 82:460-466. [PMID: 37086970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding is a frequent event in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients treated with antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The impact of bleeding in CAD patients with antiplatelet therapy for cancer diagnosis remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive 1565 CAD patients treated with antiplatelet therapy after PCI, without anticoagulation therapy, were enrolled. We aimed to investigate the relationships between bleeding events and the incidence of new cancer diagnosis. Among 1565 patients, 178 (11.3 %) experienced any bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 1, 2, 3, or 5 bleeding and 75 (4.7 %) experienced minor bleeding events defined as BARC 1 or 2 bleeding, and 116 (7.4 %) were diagnosed with new cancer during a mean follow-up period of 1528 days. Among 178 patients with any bleeding and 75 patients with minor bleeding events, 20 (11.2 %) and 13 (17.3 %) were subsequently diagnosed with new cancer, respectively. The proportion of new cancer diagnosis was higher in patients with any bleeding and minor bleeding events than in those without bleeding events (3.3 versus 1.6 per 100 person-years, p < 0.001 and 6.2 versus 1.6 per 100 person-years, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that any bleeding and minor bleeding events were associated with higher rate of new cancer diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR) 2.27, p = 0.003 and HR 3.93, p < 0.001, respectively]. Additionally, any gastrointestinal bleeding and minor gastrointestinal bleeding events were associated with higher rate of new gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis (HR 8.67, p < 0.001 and HR 12.74, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In CAD patients with antiplatelet therapy after PCI, any bleeding and minor bleeding events were associated with subsequent new cancer diagnosis. Even minor bleeding events may be the first manifestation of underlying cancer during antiplatelet therapy after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Yuta Kurosawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Himika Ohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Muto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takatoyo Kiko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Garg S, Sharma N, Bharmjeet, Das A. Unraveling the intricate relationship: Influence of microbiome on the host immune system in carcinogenesis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1892. [PMID: 37706437 PMCID: PMC10644337 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is an outcome of various disrupted or dysregulated metabolic processes like apoptosis, growth, and self-cell transformation. Human anatomy harbors trillions of microbes, and these microbes actively influence all kinds of human metabolic activities, including the human immune response. The immune system which inherently acts as a sentinel against microbes, curiously tolerates and even maintains a distinct normal microflora in our body. This emphasizes the evolutionarily significant role of microbiota in shaping our adaptive immune system and even potentiating its function in chronic ailments like cancers. Microbes interact with the host immune cells and play a part in cancer progression or regression by modulating immune cells, producing immunosuppressants, virulence factors, and genotoxins. RECENT FINDINGS An expanding plethora of studies suggest and support the evidence of microbiome impacting cancer etiology. Several studies also indicate that the microbiome can supplement various cancer therapies, increasing their efficacy. The present review discusses the relationship between bacterial and viral microbiota with cancer, discussing different carcinogenic mechanisms influenced by prokaryotes with special emphasis on their immunomodulatory axis. It also elucidates the potential of the microbiome in transforming the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments. CONCLUSION This review offers a thorough overview of the complex interaction between the human immune system and the microbiome and its impact on the development of cancer. The microbiome affects the immune responses as well as progression of tumor transformation, hence microbiome-based therapies can vastly improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Individual variations of the microbiome and its dynamic variability in every individual impacts the immune modulation and cancer progression. Therefore, further research is required to understand these underlying processes in detail, so as to design better microbiome-immune system axis in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saksham Garg
- Department of BiotechnologyDelhi Technological UniversityDelhiIndia
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of BiotechnologyDelhi Technological UniversityDelhiIndia
| | - Bharmjeet
- Department of BiotechnologyDelhi Technological UniversityDelhiIndia
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of BiotechnologyDelhi Technological UniversityDelhiIndia
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Kasai H, Kawai K. Formation of the mutagenic DNA lesion 1,N 2-ethenoguanine induced by heated cooking oil and identification of causative agents. Genes Environ 2023; 45:27. [PMID: 37880746 PMCID: PMC10599067 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DNA-damaging compounds in heated cooking oil were identified as guanosine adducts. Heated vegetable oil was subjected to deep-frying conditions at 170 °C for 45 min, reacted with isopropylidene guanosine (ipG) at pH 7.4, and the resulting compounds were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Two adducts, 8-hydroxy-ipG and 1,N2-etheno-ipG, were identified in the reaction mixture. One of the major components in heated cooking oil, 2,4-heptadienal (HDE), efficiently produced etheno-ipG from ipG in the presence of tBuOOH. An oxidized HDE solution was fractionated using HPLC to identify causative agents, and each fraction was tested for etheno-ipG formation. In addition to the known lipid peroxidation product, 4,5-epoxy-2-heptenal, two unknown polar components with potent etheno-ipG formation activity were discovered. Based on Mass and UV spectra, their structures were identified as 6-oxo- and 6-hydroxy-2,4-HDE. Similarly, 6-oxo- and 6-hydroxy-2,4- decadienal (DDE) were formed from 2,4-DDE. Significant amounts of 6-oxo- and 6-hydroxy-2,4-alkadienal were detected in the heated cooking oil. These compounds induced the formation of 1,N2-ethenoguanine in nucleosides and DNA, especially in the presence of tBuOOH. Moreover, the formation of 6-oxo- and 6-OH-HDE from 2,4-HDE was accelerated in the presence of hemin and tBuOOH. CONCLUSION The results suggest that these compounds are not only generated during the oil heating process but also produced from 2,4-alkadienal through digestion under normal physiological conditions, especially after ingesting heme- and alkyl-OOH-containing diets. Moreover, these compounds can be formed within cells under oxidative stress, potentially linking them to gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kasai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
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Vijay K, Ambedkar R, Sowmya PRR, Ramaiah S, Ranga Rao A, Gundamaraju R, Hanumanthappa M, Malarvili MB, Manikam R, Lakshminarayana R. Prevention of aspirin-mediated secondary toxicity by combined treatment of carotenoids in macrophages. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:223. [PMID: 37292139 PMCID: PMC10244315 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon understanding the boosting role of carotenoids on the endogenous anti-inflammatory system, it is vital to explore their role in reducing the use of high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), and their mediated secondary toxicity during the treatment of chronic diseases. The current study investigates the carotenoids potential on inhibition of secondary complications induced by NSAIDs, aspirin (ASA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammation. Initially, this study evaluated a minimal cytotoxic dose of ASA and carotenoids (β-carotene, BC/lutein, LUT/astaxanthin, AST/fucoxanthin FUCO) in Raw 264.7, U937, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In all three cells, carotenoids + ASA treatment reduced the LDH release, NO, and PGE2 efficiently than an equivalent dose of carotenoid or ASA treated alone. Based on cytotoxicity and sensitivity results, RAW 264.7 cells were selected for further cell-based assay. Among carotenoids, FUCO + ASA exhibited an efficient reduction of LDH release, NO, and PGE2 than the other carotenoids (BC + ASA, LUT + ASA, and AST + ASA) treatment. FUCO + ASA combination decreased LPS/ASA induced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB), and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) efficiently. Further, apoptosis was inhibited by 69.2% in FUCO + ASA, and 46.7% in ASA than LPS treated cells. A drastic decrease in intracellular ROS generation with the increase in GSH was observed in FUCO + ASA compared to LPS/ASA groups. The results documented on the low dose of ASA with a relative physiological concentration of FUCO suggested greater importance for alleviating secondary complications and optimize prolonged chronic disease treatments with NSAID's associated side effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03632-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariyappa Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | - Rudrappa Ambedkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | | | - Suresh Ramaiah
- Department of Statistics, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | - Ambati Ranga Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248 Australia
| | - Manjunatha Hanumanthappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | - M. B. Malarvili
- Trauma and Emergency, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- School of Biomedical and Health Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Rangaswamy Lakshminarayana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
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Lin L, Zhang X, Yu M, Bernardo B, Adeyanju T, Paskett ED. The relationship between family history of cancer and cancer attitudes & beliefs within the Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287629. [PMID: 37368880 PMCID: PMC10298770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between family history of cancer with cancer attitudes and beliefs (CABs) and cancer screening knowledge. METHODS This study used data collected for the Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) project which surveyed Ohioans ages 21-74. In the current analysis, we included data on age, gender, race, marital status, education, income, financial security, health insurance, CABs, knowledge about the correct age to begin cancer screenings, and presence of a first-degree relative with cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of family history of cancer with CABs and knowledge about the correct age to begin cancer screening. RESULTS Participants were predominantly over the age of 41, female, and white. Out of 603 participants, 295 (48.92%) reported not having a first-degree relative with cancer and 308 (51.08%) reported having a first-degree relative with cancer. Overall, 109 (18.08%) participants reported negative CABs, 378 (62.69%) reported moderate CABs, and 116 (19.24%) reported positive CABs. Participants who reported a first-degree relative with cancer were more likely to report positive CABs, but the association was not significant (p = .11). We observed that older, more educated, and married participants were more likely to have positive CABs (all p < 0.05). Family history of cancer was not associated with differences in knowledge about the correct age for beginning colorectal cancer screening (p = .85) and mammography (p = .88). CONCLUSIONS Having a first-degree relative with cancer was not found to be associated with CABs or knowledge about cancer screening. However, age and socioeconomic status were associated with more positive CABs and increased knowledge about cancer screening. Future research should focus on standardizing a CABs scale and expanding the generalizability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mengda Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brittany Bernardo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Toyin Adeyanju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Samami E, Aleebrahim-Dehkordi E, Mohebalizadeh M, Yaribash S, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Inosine, gut microbiota, and cancer immunometabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E1-E8. [PMID: 36416582 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00207.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article briefly reviews cancer immunity and the role of gut microbiota in carcinogenesis, followed by an understanding of mechanisms by which inosine is involved in cancer immunometabolism. The immune system plays a paradoxical role in cancer treatment. Antitumor immunity depends on the T-cell priming against tumor antigens, whereas inflammatory mediators trigger the protumor signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Studies link the microbiome with metabolism and immunity-two main factors implicated in carcinogenesis. Gut microbiota has been shown to affect both antitumor immunity and protumor immune signaling. There is mounting evidence that the human microbiome can play a role in the immunotherapeutic effects, both response and resistance. Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a highly conservative enzyme widely expressed in mammals. Cell signaling pathways use molecular inosine, a crucial secondary metabolite in purine metabolism and a molecular messenger. Recent research has identified inosine as a critical regulator of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapeutic response in various tumor types. Some bacterial species were found to produce inosine or its metabolite hypoxanthine and induce T-helper 1 differentiation and effector functions via the inosine-A2AR-cAMP-PKA pathway upon ICI therapy. Also, inosine acts as a substitute carbon source for T-cell metabolism in glucose-restricted environments, i.e., the tumor microenvironment, assisting T-cell proliferation and differentiation while enhancing sensitivity to ICI, reinforcing the notion that inosine metabolism might contribute to antitumor immunity. Also, inosine is a potent agonist of the adenosine receptor, A2AR, and A2AR signaling can affect T-cell responses and antitumor immunity, making the inosine-A2AR pathway blockage a candidate for cancer treatment. Further research is required to investigate inosine as a cancer immunometabolism therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Samami
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran
| | - Shakila Yaribash
- International Campus, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Feletto E, Kohar A, Mizrahi D, Grogan P, Steinberg J, Hughes C, Watson WL, Canfell K, Yu XQ. An ecological study of obesity-related cancer incidence trends in Australia from 1983 to 2017. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 29:100575. [PMID: 36106135 PMCID: PMC9465341 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity is a growing public health issue as it contributes to the future burden of obesity-related diseases, including cancer, especially in high-income countries. In Australia, 4.3% of all cancers diagnosed in 2013 were attributable to overweight and obesity. Our aim was to examine Australian age-specific incidence trends over the last 35 years for obesity-related cancers based on expert review (colorectal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, breast in postmenopausal women, uterine, ovary, kidney, thyroid, and multiple myeloma) individually and pooled. METHODS Australian incidence data for 10 obesity-related cancers among people aged 25-84 years, diagnosed from 1983 to 2017, were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database. We used age-period-cohort modelling and joinpoint analysis to assess trends, estimating incidence rate ratios (IRR) by birth-cohort for each individual cancer and pooled, and the annual percentage change. The analyses were also conducted for non-obesity-related cancers over the same period. FINDINGS The total number of cancers where some proportion is obesity-related, diagnosed from 1983-2017, was 1,005,933. This grouping was 34.7% of cancers diagnosed. The IRR of obesity-related cancers increased from 0.77 (95% CI 0.73, 0.81) for the 1903 birth-cohort to 2.95 (95% CI 2.58, 3.38) for the recent 1988 cohort relative to the 1943 cohort. The IRRs of non-obesity related cancers were stable with non-significant decreases in younger cohorts. These trends were broadly similar across sex and age groups. INTERPRETATION The incidence of obesity-related cancers in Australia has increased by birth-cohort across all age-groups, which should be monitored. Obesity, a public health epidemic, needs to be addressed through increased awareness, policy support and evidence-based interventions. FUNDING This research received no specific funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Feletto
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Ankur Kohar
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - David Mizrahi
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Grogan
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Hughes
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy L. Watson
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Xue Qin Yu
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
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Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Survival Analysis of Shenyang in Northeast China: A Population-Based Study from 2008 to 2017. Breast J 2022; 2022:6168832. [PMID: 36320435 PMCID: PMC9596254 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6168832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the status of breast cancer incidence, trends, and survival in women in urban Shenyang from 2008–2017 using large Cancer Registry data. Methods Breast cancer incidence and mortality data were abstracted from the Shenyang Cancer Registry between 2008 and 2017. The crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for each year. Average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were used to describe the change over time. Results A total of 14,255 out of 18,782,956 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2008 and 2017 in urban Shenyang. The overall crude and age-standardized incidences were 75.89 and 43.42 per 100,000, respectively. The crude incidence increased from 61.93 per 100,000 in 2008 to 90.07 per 100,000 in 2017, with an AAPC of 5.10%. The crude mortality increased from 11.41 per 100,000 in 2008 to 17.29 per 100,000 in 2017, with an AAPC of 4.60. The highest age-specific incidence occurs in the 55–59 year age group at a rate of 140.67 per 100,000. During the study period, 2,710 women died from breast cancer. The overall crude and age-standardized mortality rates were 14.43 and 7.43 per 100,000, respectively. The highest age-specific mortality occurs at 80–84 years old at a rate of 57.57 per 100,000. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates for female breast cancer in urban Shenyang from 2008 to 2013 were 85.61% and 77.39%, respectively, and both declined with age. Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in Shenyang increased over time. Screening and control strategies should be enhanced, especially for perimenopausal females.
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The Oncobiome in Gastroenteric and Genitourinary Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179664. [PMID: 36077063 PMCID: PMC9456244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early evidence suggests a strong association of microorganisms with several human cancers, and great efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology underlying microbial carcinogenesis. Bacterial dysbiosis causes epithelial barrier failure, immune dysregulation and/or genotoxicity and, consequently, creates a tumor-permissive microenvironment. The majority of the bacteria in our body reside in the gastrointestinal tract, known as gut microbiota, which represents a complex and delicate ecosystem. Gut microbes can reach the pancreas, stomach and colon via the bloodstream. Oral bacterial translocations can also occur. In the stomach, pancreas and colon, low microbial diversity is associated with cancer, in particular with a bad prognosis. The urogenital tract also harbors unique microbiota, distinct from the gut microbiota, which might have a role in the urinary and female/male reproductive cancers’ pathogenesis. In healthy women, the majority of bacteria reside in the vagina and cervix and unlike other mucosal sites, the vaginal microbiota exhibits low microbial diversity. Genital dysbiosis might have an active role in the development and/or progression of gynecological malignancies through mechanisms including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Urinary dysbiosis may influence the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and prostate cancer in males. Modulation of the microbiome via pre, pro and postbiotics, fecal or vaginal microbiota transplantation and engineering bacteria might prove useful in improving cancer treatment response and quality of life. Elucidating the complex host-microbiome interactions will result in prevention and therapeutic efficacy interventions.
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Li J, Zhao J, Lei Y, Chen Y, Cheng M, Wei X, Liu J, Liu P, Chen R, Yin X, Shang L, Li X. Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease and Cancer: Risk Factors and Interrelation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:821267. [PMID: 35463783 PMCID: PMC9021452 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.821267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn our clinical work, we found that cancer patients were susceptible to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). However, less is known about the relationship between CAD and cancer. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors for CAD and cancer, as well as the relationship between CAD and cancer.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 1600 patients between January 2012 and June 2019 were enrolled and divided into groups according to whether they had CAD or cancer. Single-factor and multivariate analysis methods were applied to examine the risk factors for CAD and cancer.Results(1) Cancer prevalence was significantly higher in patients with CAD than in patients without CAD (47.2 vs. 20.9%). The prevalence of CAD in cancer and non-cancer patients was 78.9 and 52.4%, respectively. (2) Multivariable logistic regression showed that patients with cancer had a higher risk of developing CAD than non-cancer patients (OR: 2.024, 95% CI: 1.475 to 2.778, p < 0.001). Respiratory (OR: 1.981, 95% CI: 1.236–3.175, p = 0.005), digestive (OR: 1.899, 95% CI: 1.177–3.064, p = 0.009) and urogenital (OR: 3.595, 95% CI: 1.696–7.620, p = 0.001) cancers were significantly associated with a higher risk of CAD compared with no cancer. (3) Patients with CAD also had a higher risk of developing cancer than non-CAD patients (OR = 2.157, 95% CI: 1.603 to 2.902, p < 0.001). Patients in the Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level ≥ 40 U/L group had a lower risk of cancer than patients in the ALT level < 20 U/L group (OR: 0.490, 95% CI: 0.333–0.722, p < 0.001). (4) An integrated variable (Y = 0.205 × 10–1 age − 0.595 × 10–2 HGB − 0.116 × 10–1 ALT + 0.135 FIB) was identified for monitoring the occurrence of cancer among CAD patients, with an AUC of 0.720 and clinical sensitivity/specificity of 0.617/0.711.Conclusion(1) We discovered that CAD was an independent risk factor for cancer and vice versa. (2) Digestive, respiratory and urogenital cancers were independent risk factors for CAD. (3) We created a formula for the prediction of cancer among CAD patients. (4) ALT, usually considered a risk factor, was proven to be a protective factor for cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yonghong Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Taishan, Taishan, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruirui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Lei Shang,
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li,
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Wu J, Liu H, Hu T, Wang S. Gene expression trend changes in breast cancer populations over two decades: insights from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Hereditas 2022; 159:18. [PMID: 35317849 PMCID: PMC8939184 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer has remained the most common malignancy in women over the past two decades. As lifestyle and living environments have changed, alterations to the disease spectrum have inevitably occurred in this time. As molecular profiling has become a routine diagnostic and objective indicator of breast cancer etiology, we analyzed changes in gene expression in breast cancer populations over two decades using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. METHODS We performed Heatmap and Venn diagram analyses to identify constantly up- and down-regulated genes in breast cancer patients of this cohort. We used Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to visualize associated functional pathways. RESULTS We determined that three oncogenes, PD-L2, ETV5, and MTOR and 113 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were constantly up-regulated, whereas two oncogenes, BCR and GTF2I, one tumor suppression gene MEN1, and 30 lincRNAs were constantly down-regulated. Up-regulated genes were enriched in "focal adhesion" and "PI3K-Akt signaling" pathways, etc., and down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in "metabolic pathways" and "viral myocarditis". Eight up-regulated genes exhibited doubled or higher expression and the expression of three down-regulated genes was halved or lowered and correlated with long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that gene expression and molecular pathway enrichments are constantly changing with time, importantly, some altered genes were associated with prognostics and are potential therapeutic targets, suggesting that the current molecular subtyping system must be updated to keep pace with this dynamic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taobo Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Lifestyles, genetics, and future perspectives on gastric cancer in east Asian populations. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:887-899. [PMID: 34267306 PMCID: PMC8384627 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric cancer (GC) differs among regions worldwide, with the highest occurrence in east Asia. Thus, its etiology, with respect to ethnic background, environmental factors, and lifestyles, is also thought to differ essentially. In addition, etiology of GC is speculated to be changing due to the recent decrease in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Japan. State-of-the-art somatic/germline cancer genomics has clarified the etiologies of gastric carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize past and present milestones in our understanding of GC achieved through genomic approaches, including a recent report that revealed higher-than-expected frequencies of GCs attributed to east Asian-specific germline variants in ALDH2 or CDH1 in combination with lifestyles. Based on this updated knowledge, we also discuss the possible impact of and high-risk approaches for GCs in the upcoming "H. pylori-negative era."
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14
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Telvizian T, Al Ghadban Y, Alawa J, Mukherji D, Zgheib NK, Sawaf B, Nasr R, Bardus M. Knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to cancer screening and prevention in Lebanon: community and social media users' perspectives. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:341-349. [PMID: 32956077 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common to many countries in the Middle East, Lebanon has an increasing cancer burden; however, national screening programs are limited to breast cancer. The literature on cancer screening practices and beliefs is scarce. This cross-sectional study investigates the knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to the prevention and screening for breast, cervical, colon, lung, and skin cancers among Lebanese residents, recruited through social media advertisements and community outreach activities. METHODS Participants filled an anonymous questionnaire either via a web-based interface or using tablets distributed at primary health clinics. The characteristics of the two cohorts were compared with chi-square and t-tests. We performed descriptive analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression for predictors of cancer screening. RESULTS A total of 407 participants completed the survey online, and 262 filled the study in tablets available at primary care clinics. The two samples were significantly different in terms of age, education, and perceived socioeconomic status. Online participants demonstrated higher knowledge and higher participation in screening practices than their counterparts recruited through community outreach. Mammography (44.7% online and 39.9% in-person), and cervical cancer screening (44.5% online and 36.7% community) had the highest participation rates. In both samples, participants who were older and more educated were more likely to report engagement with cancer screening practices. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed significant knowledge gaps in cancer prevention and screening. Different sampling techniques accessed diverse populations, highlighting the need for educational messages and targeted screening programs to be inclusive of socio-economically disadvantaged communities with low education and health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar Telvizian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yasmina Al Ghadban
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jude Alawa
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute
| | - Nathalie K Zgheib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences
| | - Marco Bardus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, American University of Beirut Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
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15
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Wang L, Zhang R, Yu L, Xiao J, Zhou X, Li X, Song P, Li X. Aspirin Use and Common Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Oncol 2021; 11:690219. [PMID: 34277434 PMCID: PMC8279749 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether aspirin use can decrease or increase cancer risk remains controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to evaluate the effect of aspirin use on common cancer risk. Method Medline and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Meta-analyses of cohort studies and RCTs were performed to assess the effect of aspirin use on the risk of colorectal, gastric, breast, prostate and lung cancer. Cochran Q test and the I square metric were calculated to detect potential heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup meta-analyses according to exposure categories (frequency and duration) and timing of aspirin use (whether aspirin was used before and after cancer diagnosis) were also performed. A dose-response analysis was carried out to evaluate and quantify the association between aspirin dose and cancer risk. Results A total of 88 cohort studies and seven RCTs were included in the final analysis. Meta-analyses of cohort studies revealed that regular aspirin use reduced the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (RR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.92), gastric cancer (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.87), breast cancer (RR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.87-0.99) and prostate cancer (RR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.86-0.98), but showed no association with lung cancer risk. Additionally, meta-analyses of RCTs showed that aspirin use had a protective effect on CRC risk (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.56-0.97). When combining evidence from meta-analyses of cohorts and RCTs, consistent evidence was found for the protective effect of aspirin use on CRC risk. Subgroup analysis showed that high frequency aspirin use was associated with increased lung cancer risk (RR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.09). Dose-response analysis revealed that high-dose aspirin use may increase prostate cancer risk. Conclusions This study provides evidence for low-dose aspirin use for the prevention of CRC, but not other common cancers. High frequency or high dose use of aspirin should be prescribed with caution because of their associations with increased lung and prostate cancer risk, respectively. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and to find the minimum effective dose required for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongqi Zhang
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Xiao
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxuan Li
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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Fapohunda A, Fakolade A, Omiye J, Afolaranmi O, Arowojolu O, Oyebamiji T, Nwogu C, Olawaiye A, Mutiu J. Cancer presentation patterns in Lagos, Nigeria: Experience from a private cancer center. J Public Health Afr 2020; 11:1138. [PMID: 33623651 PMCID: PMC7893315 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2020.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer incidence and mortality is increasing worldwide. In 2018, there were an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths. In Nigeria, it is estimated that 100,000 new cases occur annually, with a high case fatality ratio. The burden of cancer in Nigeria is significant, as the country still grapples with infectious diseases and has limited data on cancer epidemiology. Our study is descriptive using data from a hospital-based registry. Objectives This retrospective study assesses the characteristics of patients that presented to a private cancer center in Lagos, Nigeria. We aimed to update knowledge on the current trends of cancer in Nigeria as exemplified by the experience of this cancer center and set a foundation for guiding future research and policy efforts in cancer screening, prevention, and control. Methods The records of all the 548 oncology patients registered at the Lakeshore Cancer Center (LCC) cancer registry from January 2015 to June 2018 were reviewed for this study. Results Most common cancer types were breast cancer for females (46%) and prostate cancer for males (32%). 92% of the tumors were malignant and 97% of the patients were symptomatic. Among patients diagnosed with cancer, 49% were ≤ 50 years old, 90% paid for their healthcare out of pocket, and 67% did not complete treatment. Conclusions This study highlights the state of cancer care in Nigeria and should guide future research, with a focus on public awareness, screening programs and implementation of novel cancer control policies and infrastructure that supports early detection.
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gao W, Zhou R, Liu F, Ng TB. A novel antitumor protein from the mushroom Pholiota nameko induces apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells in vivo and modulates cytokine secretion in mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3171-3178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction Various types of cancers threaten human life. The role of bacteria in causing cancer is controversial, but it has been determined that the Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the identified risk factors for gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent, and about half of the world,s population is infected with it. Objective The aim of this study was the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of gastric cancer. Method We obtained information from previously published articles. Results and Conclusion The bacterium has various virulence factors, including cytotoxin- associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, and the different outer membrane proteins that cause cancer by different mechanisms. These virulence factors activate cell signaling pathways such as PI3-kinase/Akt, JAK/STAT and Ras, Raf, and ERK signaling that control cell proliferation. Uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Alipour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.
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19
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Ahrens W, Greiser KH, Linseisen J, Pischon T, Pigeot I. [The investigation of health outcomes in the German National Cohort: the most relevant endpoints and their assessment]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:376-384. [PMID: 32157353 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the German National Cohort, the largest population-based cohort study in Germany to date, is the investigation of the most important widespread diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and frequent respiratory and infectious diseases. This cohort will answer questions on the development of these diseases and on the impact of genetic, environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors. Another focus is on the identification of early, subclinical markers of emerging diseases. To answer these questions, a comprehensive assessment of these health outcomes as well as of all potential determinants and precursors is mandatory.This paper describes the various health outcomes that are assessed in the German National Cohort, as well as the examination modules that are applied for deep phenotyping of study participants. Repeated collection of biosamples as well as functional measurements and application of modern imaging techniques at various time points allow for assessing the dynamics of physiological changes related to the individuals' health status. The prognostic value of these changes for disease development will be explored and translated to novel approaches for prevention and personalised medicine. Incident diseases are being assessed through self-reports by study participants and through record linkage with data from health insurances and cancer registries. Additional information about clinical diagnoses is obtained from the treating physicians to ensure the highest possible validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland. .,Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland.
| | - Karin H Greiser
- Abteilung Epidemiologie von Krebserkrankungen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Lehrstuhl für Epidemiologie am UNIKA-T, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg, Deutschland.,Klinische Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Forschergruppe Molekulare Epidemiologie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland.,Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland
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20
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Brunet J, Abi-Nader P, Barrett-Bernstein M, Karvinen K. Investigating physical activity knowledge and beliefs as correlates of behaviour in the general population: a cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:433-443. [PMID: 32223335 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1745250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines knowledge of physical activity (PA) guidelines for cancer prevention and beliefs of the role of PA in preventing cancer as correlates of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) behaviour among adults. Measures assessing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of PA guidelines, and PA beliefs and behaviour were completed online by 654 adults (Mage = 36.92 ± 14.61 years) with no history of cancer. Data were analyzed descriptively and using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis. Approximately half the sample was aware of PA guidelines for cancer prevention (49.24%) and believed that PA was extremely effective in reducing the risk of developing cancer (48.93%). Knowledge of PA guidelines for cancer prevention was associated with a greater likelihood of being active (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18-2.34; p <.01; adjusted OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.36-3.11; p <.001). Beliefs regarding the effectiveness of PA in preventing cancer was not associated with a greater likelihood of being active. There is a lack of awareness of current PA guidelines for cancer prevention. Experimental studies are needed to further explore if increasing adults' knowledge of PA guidelines for cancer prevention can enhance PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brunet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Abi-Nader
- Centre de formation médicale Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Moncton, Pavillon Léopold-Taillon, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Kristina Karvinen
- Schulich School of Education - Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
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21
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Pang X, Fan HY, Tang YL, Wang SS, Cao MX, Wang HF, Dai LL, Wang K, Yu XH, Wu JB, Tang YJ, Liang XH. Myeloid derived suppressor cells contribute to the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229089. [PMID: 32092078 PMCID: PMC7039453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The tumor-related myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), important immunosuppressive cells in tumor microenvironment, play an important role in the cancer progression. This study is aimed to investigate the crosstalk between MDSCs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and their role in the malignant progression of OSCC. Methods Immunochemistry (IHC) was used to investigate the expression of CD33 in 200 OSCC, 36 premalignant. CD33+ MDSCs were sorted and enriched via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) from OSCC patients or health donor, and their phenotypes were identified by flow cytometry. With a co-culture system of MDSCs and OSCC, the effects of MDSCs on OSCC proliferation, apoptosis, migration invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and vasculogenic mimicry formation (VM) formation were assessed, respectively. Besides, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from health donor were cultured with OSCC supernatant, the level of MDSCs and expressions of Arginase (Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured. Results The number of MDSCs was increased in tumor tissues of OSCC patients, and was positively related to the T stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Tumor-related MDSCs of the co-culture system promoted OSCC progression by contributing to cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as inducing EMT and VM. In turn, OSCC cells had potential to induce MDSCs differentiation from PBMCs and increase the expression of Arg-1 and iNOS. Conclusion These indicated that the crosstalk between MDSCs and tumor cells facilitated the malignant progression of OSCC cells and the immune suppressive properties of MDSCs, which may provide new insights into tumor treatment on targeting tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha-sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao-fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu-ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (YJT); (XHL)
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (YJT); (XHL)
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Anthis NJ, Kavanaugh-Lynch MHE. The Global Challenge to Prevent Breast Cancer: Surfacing New Ideas to Accelerate Prevention Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041394. [PMID: 32098181 PMCID: PMC7068498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite increases in screening and advances in treatment, breast cancer continues to be the most common cancer and cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, and breast cancer rates have remained steady for decades. A new focus on population-level primary prevention is needed to tackle this disease at the most fundamental level. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of breast cancer research funds currently go to prevention. The California Breast Cancer Research Program (CBCRP) seeks to change this. In order to accelerate breast cancer primary prevention efforts, in 2018, CBCRP launched the Global Challenge to Prevent Breast Cancer, a prize competition to foster and disseminate new and innovative prevention research ideas. This Special Issue highlights the results of the Global Challenge and other CBCRP primary prevention efforts.
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Advancing Cancer Control in San Francisco: Cancer Screening in Under-Represented Populations. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:e1-e9. [PMID: 31862104 PMCID: PMC7173710 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer risk and screening data are limited in their ability to inform local interventions to reduce the burden of cancer in vulnerable populations. The San Francisco Health Information National Trends Survey was developed and administered to assess the use of cancer-related information among under-represented populations in San Francisco to provide baseline data for the San Francisco Cancer Initiative. METHODS The survey instrument was developed through consultation with research and community partners and translated into 4 languages. Participants were recruited between May and September 2017 through community-based snowball sampling with quotas to ensure adequate numbers of under-represented populations. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used between 2018 and 2019 to assess differences in screening rates across groups and factors associated with cancer screening. RESULTS One thousand twenty-seven participants were recruited. Asians had lower rates of lifetime mammogram (p=0.02), Pap test (p<0.01), and prostate-specific antigen test (p=0.04) compared with non-Asians. Hispanics had higher rates of lifetime mammogram (p=0.02), lifetime Pap test (p=0.01), recent Pap test (p=0.03), and lifetime prostate-specific antigen test (p=0.04) compared with non-Hispanics. Being a female at birth was the only factor that was independently associated with cancer screening participation (AOR=3.17, 95% CI=1.40, 7.19). CONCLUSIONS Screening adherence varied by race, ethnicity, and screening type. A collaborative, community-based approach led to a large, diverse sample and may serve as a model for recruiting diverse populations to add knowledge about cancer prevention preferences and behaviors. Results suggest targeted outreach efforts are needed to address disparate cancer screening behaviors within this diverse population.
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Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, Gnant M, Houssami N, Poortmans P, Ruddy K, Tsang J, Cardoso F. Breast cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:66. [PMID: 31548545 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1356] [Impact Index Per Article: 271.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide and is curable in ~70-80% of patients with early-stage, non-metastatic disease. Advanced breast cancer with distant organ metastases is considered incurable with currently available therapies. On the molecular level, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease; molecular features include activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, encoded by ERBB2), activation of hormone receptors (oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor) and/or BRCA mutations. Treatment strategies differ according to molecular subtype. Management of breast cancer is multidisciplinary; it includes locoregional (surgery and radiation therapy) and systemic therapy approaches. Systemic therapies include endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive disease, chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-positive disease, bone stabilizing agents, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA mutation carriers and, quite recently, immunotherapy. Future therapeutic concepts in breast cancer aim at individualization of therapy as well as at treatment de-escalation and escalation based on tumour biology and early therapy response. Next to further treatment innovations, equal worldwide access to therapeutic advances remains the global challenge in breast cancer care for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Harbeck
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCLMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UMR INSERM 1240, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Javier Cortes
- IOB Institute of Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Madrid and Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Gnant
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nehmat Houssami
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Poortmans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Kathryn Ruddy
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janice Tsang
- Hong Kong Breast Oncology Group, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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Nazir SU, Kumar R, Dil-Afroze, Rasool I, Bondhopadhyay B, Singh A, Tripathi R, Singh N, Khan A, Tanwar P, Agrawal U, Mehrotra R, Hussain S. Differential expression of Ets-1 in breast cancer among North Indian population. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14552-14561. [PMID: 31016780 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly aggressive disease contributing to high mortality rate among females across the globe owing to wide geographical variations, change in lifestyle along with rapid tumor growth, drug resistance, and high metastasis rate. To understand the molecular and genetic basis of breast cancer progression; we studied the role of E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1) transcription factor which is implicated to have a role in carcinogenesis like invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. Our findings revealed an overexpression of Ets-1 gene in 75 breast cancer tumors as compared with their normal adjacent tissues. The findings significantly established a co-relation between Ets-1 expression in breast cancer tissue with hormonal receptor profiles and ductal-lobular histological subtypes in Indian population. In addition, a differential expression pattern of Ets-1 was observed between high, moderate, and low grades of breast cancer patients. The present study demonstrates a crucial role of Ets-1 transcription factor which may serve as a potential biomarker for breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeraz Un Nazir
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Dil-Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Ishrat Rasool
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenberg University, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - Asiya Khan
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
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Celikgun S, Nur N. Cancer Incidence Rates by Age and Gender in Sivas Province of Turkey,
2004-2014. Oman Med J 2019; 34:126-130. [PMID: 30918606 PMCID: PMC6425054 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to evaluate the trends in age-standardized incidence rates of cancer by gender, age, and types in the Sivas province of Turkey from 2004 to 2014. Methods Data were obtained from the Sivas Public Health Department Cancer Unit and the Cumhuriyet University Hospital Cancer Record Unit for the studied period. Data were presented as incidence rates by age, gender, and cancer site using world age-standardized incidence rate (ASR-W) per 105 populations. Results Of the 13 377 registered new cases of cancer during the study period, 43.1% (5771) were female, and 56.9% (7606) were male. The ASR-W of all cancers was 205.2 per 105 in males and 168.0 per 105 in females. The ASR-W was increased for both genders over the 11-year period. The greatest incidence cancer type in males was prostate cancer (ASR-W = 35.8) followed by lung (ASR-W = 33.9), colorectal (ASR-W= 19.0), urinary (ASR-W = 18.4), and stomach (ASR-W = 17.3) cancer. Among females, thyroid (ASR-W= 37.5) was the cancer type with the greatest incidence followed by breast (ASR-W = 27.7), colorectal (ASR-W = 11.7), lymphoma (ASR-W = 10.4), and stomach (ASR-W = 10.0) cancer. Conclusions The cancer incidence rate in males has remained higher than in females from 2004 to 2014, and an increased incidence of various cancers was observed in both genders. Raising public awareness about the risk factors for cancer and the development of appropriate and effective screening programs to provide more reliable data for cancer prevention and control programs in Sivas province is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Celikgun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Naim Nur
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Ren A, Sun S, Li S, Chen T, Shu Y, Du M, Zhu L. Genetic variants in SLC22A3 contribute to the susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:154-163. [PMID: 30561001 PMCID: PMC6590332 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in Japanese population has identified a risk region at the chromosome 6q26‐q27 associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, the causal gene at this locus remained unclear. In our study, we enrolled a total of 14 candidate functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q26‐q27 (318 kb), and then genotyped them by TaqMan method in a Chinese population including 1,147 colorectal cancer cases and 1,203 controls. Among that, 5 SNPs were identified statistical association with colorectal cancer risk by logistic regression analysis. Of which, SNP rs420038 G > A in SLC22A3 was related to decreased risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–0.94, p = 0.007), and also associated with lower expression of SLC22A3 (p = 0.040) using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. Moreover, by the luciferase assays, we found that compared to the G allele of rs420038, the A allele could suppress the activity of the promoter in SLC22A3. Furthermore, the expression of SLC22A3 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues than that in paired normal tissues (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the phenotypes of proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cell were significantly affected by SLC22A3 in vitro. Our results revealed a novel susceptible locus, rs420038 in SLC22A3, which may be involved in colorectal cancer development and progression. What's new? The identification of genes or loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility can facilitate the discovery of molecular pathways underlying CRC development and progression. Here, the authors investigated a risk region at chromosome 6q26‐q27, which previously was linked to CRC susceptibility in a Japanese population. Analyses of candidate functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q26‐q27 revealed a novel functional SNP, rs420038 G>A, in the SLC22A3 gene. While expression of SLC22A3 was elevated in CRC tissues, the novel SNP was associated with decreased CRC risk in a Chinese population. The A allele of rs420038 significantly suppressed SLC22A3 promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Christopher O, Charles N. Cancer mortality in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A case study of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Niger Med J 2019. [PMID: 31844357 PMCID: PMC6900904 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_15_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of cancer mortality (CM) seen in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) which is a cancer reference center in the Niger Delta Region. Methodology: This is a 6-year retrospective study of cancer-related deaths in UPTH using patients' admission registers in all the wards and emergency units. Furthermore, the death certificates of cases were reviewed. Results: Three hundred and sixteen cases of cancer-related deaths occurred, involving 174 females and 142 males, in a female-to-male sex ratio of 1.2:1. All age groups were affected, with age group 40–49 years accounting for the majority (20.6%). CM was seen in all the systems, except the central nervous system. Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs (liver and gall bladder) caused most mortality (27.9%), in a female-to-male ratio of 0.8:1. The single most involved organ in CM is the female breast (20.6%), distantly followed by mortality due to prostate cancers and hematolymphoid cancers which accounted for 9.2% each. Colorectal cancers accounted for 7.3% of cancer deaths and ranked 4th. Cancers of both cervix and stomach each accounted for 5.7% of mortality. The major histologic diagnoses were carcinomas (adenocarcinoma; 36.7%, invasive ductal carcinoma; 20.3%, squamous cell carcinomas; 8.2% and hepatocellular carcinomas; 4.4%). Leukemias and lymphomas accounted for 9.2% of cases, whereas sarcomas accounted for 5.1% of cases. Conclusion: Infection-related and noninfection-related cancers cause most mortality in UPTH. The 5th decade was the most commonly affected, while female breast was the single most involved organ. Breast, prostate and hematolymphoid malignancies are common causes of CM with death from breast occurring earliest. Majority of the deceased were educated, working-class urban dwellers. More advocacies on public acceptance of cancer screening and cancer preventive lifestyles as well as governments' improvement on workforce training and treatment infrastructure will improve the current CM profile in Port Harcourt.
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Fahad Ullah M. Breast Cancer: Current Perspectives on the Disease Status. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:51-64. [PMID: 31456179 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer related death in women. Evidence in literature has shown that the past and ongoing research has an enormous implication in improving the clinical outcome in breast cancer. This has been attributed to the progress made in the realm of screening, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies engaged in breast cancer management. However, poor prognosis in TNBC and drug resistance presents major inhibitions which are also current challenges for containing the disease. Similarly, a focal point of concern is the rising rate of breast cancer incidence and mortality among the population of under developed world. In this chapter, an overview of the current practices for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and associated impediments has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fahad Ullah
- Prince Fahd Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk-71491, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang K, Zhou Y, Li G, Wen X, Kou Y, Yu J, He H, Zhao Q, Xue F, Wang J, Zhao X. MMP8 and MMP9 gene polymorphisms were associated with breast cancer risk in a Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13422. [PMID: 30194384 PMCID: PMC6128940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that can breakdown almost all extracellular matrix components. MMP8 and MMP9 have been shown to be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk in European and American populations. However, few studies have focused on the polymorphisms of MMP8 and MMP9 in Chinese Han BC patients. We investigated nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 571 BC cases and 578 controls to evaluating their association with risk of BC. The frequency of the “A” allele of rs3787268 was significantly lower in BC cases than in controls (P = 0.025). In the genetic model analysis, the minor allele “T” of rs11225394 in MMP8 was associated with increased risk of BC under the recessive model (P = 0.019), and the minor allele “A” of rs3787268 was associated with decreased risk of BC under the dominant model (P = 0.014). Additionally, the haplotype “AGTCA” constructed by rs3740938, rs2012390, rs1940475, rs11225394, and rs11225395 and the haplotype “CCG” constructed by rs3918249, rs3918254 and rs3787268 were associated with increased risk of BC (P < 0.05). Our data showed that polymorphisms of MMP8 and MMP9 may be associated with BC risk in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.,The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Center for Medical Imaging, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Gang Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinli Wen
- The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Yuan Kou
- The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Haifeng He
- The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Feng Xue
- The Second Department of Spleen and Stomach, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of encephalopathy, the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710063, China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Grootveld M, Percival BC, Grootveld KL. Chronic non-communicable disease risks presented by lipid oxidation products in fried foods. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2018; 7:305-312. [PMID: 30221162 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Benita C Percival
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Kerry L Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
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Crean-Tate KK, Reizes O. Leptin Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells in Breast and Gynecologic Cancer. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3069-3080. [PMID: 29955847 PMCID: PMC6669812 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that obesity increases the incidence and worsens the prognosis of women's cancer. For breast cancer, women with obesity exhibit more than a twofold increase in the odds of being diagnosed with cancer, with a greater risk of advanced stage at diagnosis, and ≤40% greater risk of recurrence and death than their normal-weight counterparts. These findings are similar in gynecologic cancers, where women who are obese with a body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2 have up to six times greater risk of developing endometrial cancer and a 9.2% increase in mortality with every 10% increase in BMI. Likewise, patients with obesity exhibit a twofold higher risk of premenopausal ovarian cancer, and patients who are obese with advanced stage ovarian cancer have shown a shorter time to recurrence and poorer overall survival. Obesity is accompanied by changes in expression of adipose factors that act on local tissues and systemically. Once obesity was recognized as a factor in cancer incidence and progression, the adipose cytokine (adipokine) leptin became the focus of intense investigation as a putative link, with nearly 3000 publications on the topic. Leptin has been shown to increase cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and increase therapeutic resistance. These characteristics are associated with a subset of cells in both liquid and solid tumors known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor initiating cells. We will review the literature discussing leptin's role in breast and gynecologic cancer, focusing on its role in CSCs, and consider goals for targeting future therapy in this arena to disrupt tumor initiation and progression in women's cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K Crean-Tate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Correspondence: Ofer Reizes, PhD, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. E-mail:
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De-novo nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with long-term increased mortality in liver transplant recipients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:766-773. [PMID: 29505475 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients who have undergone transplantation often develop metabolic syndrome (MetS) and de-novo nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of metabolic disease on cardiovascular and neoplastic risk and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from patients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2005 in two Italian transplant centers were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was carried out for predictors of de-novo NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cardiovascular events, de-novo extrahepatic cancers, and survival. Survival analysis was completed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all tests. RESULTS De-novo NAFLD was found in one-fifth of 194 patients. Patients with de-novo NAFLD fulfilled the criteria of MetS in 74.4% of cases, while patients without de-novo NAFLD in 29.8% (P=0.000). On multivariate analysis, MetS correlated independently with de-novo NAFLD and this emerged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and as a relevant risk factor for solid extrahepatic cancer. Data on smoking habits, which represent a consolidated risk factor for cardiovascular events and cancer in both the general population and patients who have undergone transplantation, are not available. In the subset of histologically proven NASH, it was the strongest predictor of long-term survival (hazard ratio=4.133, 95% confidence interval: 1.385-12.331, P=0.011). CONCLUSION Post-transplant NAFLD represented a strong risk factor for cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease and solid extrahepatic cancer, whereas de novo histologically proven NASH was an independent predictor of long-term mortality.
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Sarkar U, Le GM, Lyles CR, Ramo D, Linos E, Bibbins-Domingo K. Using Social Media to Target Cancer Prevention in Young Adults: Viewpoint. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e203. [PMID: 29871850 PMCID: PMC6008512 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focusing on primary cancer prevention can reduce its incidence. Changing health behaviors is critical to cancer prevention. Modifiable cancer risk factors include lifestyle behaviors related to vaccination, physical activity, weight control and maintenance, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. These health habits are often formed in young adulthood, a life stage which currently intersects with the growing population of digital natives whose childhood occurred in the internet era. Social media is a critical communication medium to reach this population of digital natives. Using a life course perspective, the purpose of this viewpoint paper is to describe the current landscape of nascent research using social media to target cancer prevention efforts in young adults and propose future directions to strengthen the scientific knowledge supporting social media strategies to promote cancer prevention behaviors. Leveraging social media as a health promotion tool is a promising strategy to impact modifiable behavioral risk factors for cancer and warrants further research on developing effective communication strategies in young adults to prevent cancer in the future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmimala Sarkar
- Center for Vulnerable Populations, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gem M Le
- Center for Vulnerable Populations, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Courtney R Lyles
- Center for Vulnerable Populations, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Ramo
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Center for Vulnerable Populations, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Wen D, Wen X, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wei L, He Y, Shan B. Urban rural disparity in female breast cancer incidence rate in China and the increasing trend in parallel with socioeconomic development and urbanization in a rural setting. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:262-272. [PMID: 29280294 PMCID: PMC5792727 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide breast cancer incidence correlates with socioeconomic status and increases in parallel with westernization, however urban-rural disparity and trends have not been adequately investigated in China. METHODS The age standardized rate (ASR) of female breast cancer by population-based cancer registration was compared between urban Shijiazhuang city and rural Shexian County in relation to socioeconomic status. The increasing trend of breast cancer in Shexian County from 2000-2015 was examined using Joinpoint analysis and the correlation with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was analyzed. RESULTS In 2012, the ASR of female breast cancer in Shijiazhuang was more than three times higher than in Shexian County (45.5/1 00 000 vs.13.8/1 00 000; P < 0.01) when the GDP per capita was 2.6 times higher (US$6964.80 vs. US$2700). In parallel with rapid socioeconomic development and urbanization, the biennial ASR of female breast cancer in Shexian county has increased significantly from 2.8/1 00 000 in 2000-2001 to 17.3/1 00 000 in 2014-2015, with an average biennial percent change of +10.2% (P < 0.01). The Pearson correlation between ASR and GDP was significantly positive (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The incidence of breast cancer in women in China is increasing along with lifestyle westernization and changing reproductive patterns associated with socioeconomic development and urbanization. Urgent prevention measures, including the development of a healthy diet, giving birth at a younger age, an increase in breastfeeding, limiting menopause estrogen therapy, and control of alcohol consumption, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggui Wen
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiaoduo Wen
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical ImagingFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Lizhen Wei
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yutong He
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Baoen Shan
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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Girschik J, Miller LJ, Addiscott T, Daube M, Katris P, Ransom D, Slevin T, Threlfall T, Weeramanthri TS. Precision in Setting Cancer Prevention Priorities: Synthesis of Data, Literature, and Expert Opinion. Front Public Health 2017; 5:125. [PMID: 28634579 PMCID: PMC5459884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer will continue to be a leading cause of ill health and death unless we can capitalize on the potential for 30-40% of these cancers to be prevented. In this light, cancer prevention represents an enormous opportunity for public health, potentially saving much of the pain, anguish, and cost associated with treating cancer. However, there is a challenge for governments, and the wider community, in prioritizing cancer prevention activities, especially given increasing financial constraints. This paper describes a method for identifying cancer prevention priorities. This method synthesizes detailed cancer statistics, expert opinion, and the published literature for the priority setting process. The process contains four steps: assessing the impact of cancer types; identifying cancers with the greatest impact; considering opportunities for prevention; and combining information on impact and preventability. The strength of our approach is that it is straightforward, transparent and reproducible for other settings. Applying this method in Western Australia produced a priority list of seven adult cancers which were identified as having not only the biggest impact on the community but also the best opportunities for prevention. Work conducted in an additional project phase went on to present data on these priority cancers to a public consultation and develop an agenda for action in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Girschik
- Public Health Division, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Laura Jean Miller
- Public Health Division, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Mike Daube
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Katris
- Western Australian Clinical Oncology Group, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Ransom
- Cancer and Palliative Care Network, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Terry Slevin
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tim Threlfall
- Western Australian Cancer Registry, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Torre LA, Islami F, Siegel RL, Ward EM, Jemal A. Global Cancer in Women: Burden and Trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:444-457. [PMID: 28223433 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is an abbreviated version of a report prepared for the American Cancer Society Global Health department and EMD Serono, Inc., a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, which was released at the Union for International Cancer Control World Cancer Congress in Paris in November 2016. The original report can be found at https://www.cancer.org/health-care-professionals/our-global-health-work/global-cancer-burden/global-burden-of-cancer-in-women.html. Staff in the Intramural Research Department of the American Cancer Society designed and conducted the study, including analysis, interpretation, and presentation of the review. The funding sources had no involvement in the study design, data analysis and interpretation, or preparation of the reviewThere are striking disparities in the global cancer burden in women, yet few publications highlight cancer occurrence in this population, particularly for cancers that are not sex specific. This article, the first in a series of two, summarizes the current burden, trends, risk factors, prevention, early detection, and survivorship of all cancers combined and seven sites (breast, cervix, uterine corpus, ovary, colorectum, lung, and liver) that account for about 60% of the cancer burden among women worldwide, using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Estimated 2012 overall cancer death rates in general are higher among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries (HICs), despite their lower overall incidence rates, largely due to inadequate access to early detection and treatment. For example, the top mortality rates are in Zimbabwe (147 deaths per 100,000) and Malawi (138). Furthermore, incidence rates of cancers associated with economic development (e.g., lung, breast, colorectum) are rising in several LMICs. The burden of cancer among women could be substantially reduced in both HICs and LMICs through broad and equitable implementation of effective interventions, including tobacco control, HPV and HBV vaccination, and screening (breast, cervix, and colorectum). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 444-57. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Islami et al. in this CEBP Focus section, "Global Cancer in Women."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Torre
- Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Farhad Islami
- Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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Sarwar MR, Saqib A. Cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality rates in Pakistan in 2012. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1288773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rehan Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
- Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anum Saqib
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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Sadoh WE, Sadoh AE, Onyiriuka AN. Physical activity, body mass index and blood pressure in primary school pupils attending private schools. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:947-953. [PMID: 28479886 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of physical activity contributes to overweight and obesity. It is recommended that children accumulate at least one hour of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity daily. OBJECTIVE The level of physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated in pupils attending private primary schools. METHOD The intensity and duration of physical activity of the pupils selected by multiple stage sampling method were obtained with the aid of a questionnaire. The BMI and BP were measured. Analysis was by SPSS. RESULTS Of the 353 pupils, 132(37.4%) pupils were adequately physically active while overweight and obesity prevalences were 54(15.3%) and 65(18.4%) respectively. Hypertension prevalence in overweight/ obese children (6.5%) was significantly higher than in children with healthy weight 1.5%, P = 0.04. CONCLUSION Only a third of pupils met the recommended level of physical activity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high while the overweight and obese pupils were more likely to have hypertension compared to those with healthy weight. Physical activity programmes for primary school pupils in school and at home are therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson E Sadoh
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ayebo E Sadoh
- Institute of Child Health, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Alphonsus N Onyiriuka
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
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Ponya Utthra P, Kumaravel G, Senthilkumar R, Raman N. Heteroleptic Schiff base complexes containing terpyridine as chemical nucleases and their biological potential: A study of DNA binding and cleaving, antimicrobial and cytotoxic tendencies. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesan Kumaravel
- Research Department of Chemistry; VHNSN College; Virudhunagar 626 001 India
| | - Raju Senthilkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy; Elayampalayam Tiruchengodu 637 205 India
| | - Natarajan Raman
- Research Department of Chemistry; VHNSN College; Virudhunagar 626 001 India
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Roelsgaard IK, Olesen AM, Simonsen MK, Johansen C. Self-rated health and cancer risk - a prospective cohort study among Danish women. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1204-1209. [PMID: 27548996 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1210822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality from a number of major chronic diseases, however, the association with cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between change in SRH and cancer incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS SRH and information on lifestyle and other risk factors were obtained for 13-636 women in the Danish Nurse Cohort. Cancers that developed during 12 years of follow-up were identified in the National Patient Registry. An association between SRH and cancer was examined in a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol, marital status, physical activity, body mass index and estrogen replacement therapy. RESULTS No significant association was found between SRH and overall cancer incidence in the age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model (1.04; 95% CI 0.93-1.16), even after adjustment for potential confounding factors (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.96-1.21). Likewise, there was no significant association between SRH and breast cancer (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.89-1.33), lung cancer (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.71-1.49) or colon cancer (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.75-1.54). CONCLUSION SRH is not significantly associated with the incidence of all cancers or breast, lung or colon cancer among Danish female nurses. Women who reported a decrease in SRH between 1993 and 1999 had the same risk for cancer as those who reported unchanged or improved SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christoffer Johansen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the relationship between adherence to cancer prevention guidelines published by the American Cancer Society and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and reductions in cancer incidence, cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and overall mortality. DATA SOURCES Current cancer prevention guidelines published by the American Cancer Society and the American Institute for Cancer Research, journal articles published between 2004 and 2016, and internet resources. CONCLUSION Evidence from a number of large observational studies indicates that following current cancer prevention recommendations in a comprehensive manner results in significant reductions in both cancer risk and cancer mortality, as well as in cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses can take the lead in familiarizing patients and families with established cancer prevention recommendations and resources that may assist patients in implementing them comprehensively in their daily lives, as well as in discussing the substantial health benefits of adhering to the recommendations.
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Kim GT, Lee SH, Kim YM. Torilis japonica extract-generated intracellular ROS induces apoptosis by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential via regulation of the AMPK-p38 MAPK signaling pathway in HCT116 colon cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1088-98. [PMID: 27314881 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Torilis japonica extract (TJE) has been reported to possess diverse medicinal properties including anti‑inflammatory and antibacterial activities. However, the precise mechanism of its anticancer effect is not understood. Thus, we evaluated the apoptotic effects of TJE and examined its underlying molecular mechanisms in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Our results show that TJE induces apoptosis through the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that it regulates the mitochondrial outer membrane potential via the AMPK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Importantly, ~50% of cancer cells have p53 mutations. Thus, the ability to induce apoptosis in a p53-independent manner would be of great value in cancer treatment. Our results show that not only does TJE regulate the AMPK/p38 signaling pathway, but it induces apoptosis in cells in which p53 has been knocked down using siRNA. Moreover, as in in vitro studies, TJE induced apoptosis and regulated apoptosis related-proteins in an HCT 116 xenograft model. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TJE, a natural compound that may provide a substitute for chemotherapeutic drugs, has potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Lee
- Pharma-gene Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Wen D, He Y, Wei L, Zhang N, Li S, Wen X, Yang Y, Wang G, Wang S, Geng C, Liu Y, Shan B. Incidence rate of female breast cancer in urban Shijiazhuang in 2012 and modifiable risk factors. Thorac Cancer 2016; 7:522-529. [PMID: 27766774 PMCID: PMC5130316 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is diagnosed more frequently among urban than rural women in China; however, the incidence among women in Shijiazhuang is unknown. Methods As registered Chinese citizens are entitled to complete public medical insurance coverage, the incidence rate was estimated using reimbursement records of first hospitalization. Results Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Shijiazhuang. The crude rate and age‐standardized incidence rates by China (ASRC) and world (ASRW) standards were 59.6, 48.5 and 45.5/100 000 in 2012. Mean age at diagnosis was 55.1 years. Incidence increased with age, peaking at 165.1 at 70–74. In comparison with urban women in other Chinese cities, incidence in Shijiazhuang was similar to Shanghai (ASRC 46.6) and Suzhou (ASRW 45). When compared with 31 other Chinese cities, Shijiazhuang ranked second highest behind Guangzhou (ASRW 46.6), and the ASRW correlated significantly with gross domestic product per capita among the 32 cities. The breast cancer ASRW in Shijiazhuang was 2.7 times the rate of 41 rural Chinese counties (17). When compared with GLOBOCAN 2012 data according to the Human Development Index, breast cancer incidence in Shijiazhuang matched countries with a high human development index (ASRW 45.2). Conclusion Breast cancer incidence in Shijiazhuang in 2012 was the highest in China, matching the rate in countries with high social economic development. This rate may continue to rise, parallel with urbanization, and may be associated with changing reproductive patterns and Westernization. Prevention methods need to be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggui Wen
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutong He
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lizhen Wei
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Information, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shumei Li
- Department of Medical Information, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoduo Wen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuizhi Geng
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunjiang Liu
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Department of Cancer Research, Cancer Center of Hebei Province and The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhu Y, Bai K, Yu J, Guo M. Association Between Histone Methyltransferase hSETD1A and Prognosis in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer After Surgery: A Retrospective Study in the Chinese Female Population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3783. [PMID: 27227949 PMCID: PMC4902373 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, is a serious public health issue. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, accounts for ∼15% of breast cancer cases. Treatment of TNBC patients has proven difficult because of the lack of expression of hormone receptors. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the prognostic impact of histone methyltransferase, hSETD1A, on overall survival in TNBC cases after surgery. In total, 159 TNBC cases were enrolled and clinicopathological characteristics were obtained from medical records. hSETD1A status of each subject was determined using immunohistochemistry. The chi-squared test was used to compare 5-year overall survival rates of all subjects according to clinical characteristics, and both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage stage, larger tumor size, vascular invasion, metastasis in the initial diagnosis, and hSETD1A expression were correlated with worse outcome. Among all factors identified, metastasis in the initial diagnosis had the greatest impact on survival. The results indicated that hSETD1A positivity was correlated with shorter survival among TNBC cases, suggesting it may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhu
- From the Department of General Surgery (YZ, JY), Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (KB), Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China; and Department of Breast Surgery (MG), Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, China
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A Strategy for Addressing Population Health Management. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2016; 22:E21-8. [PMID: 26910870 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Population health management in the era of the Affordable Care Act focuses on identifying needs of health care service areas for targeted strategies. The United States has a "health disadvantage" compared with peer countries, particularly regarding obesity and women's life expectancy, while having high rates of mammography screening. Emphasizing lifestyle factors is a strategy to reduce one's risk of obesity and heart disease, as well as some breast cancers. OBJECTIVE We explored perceptions of the risk of female population-based breast cancer mortality compared with heart disease mortality; perceived likelihood of developing breast cancer; and recognition of the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING Service area of one mid-Missouri health care system. PARTICIPANTS Female US residents ages 35 to 49 years who did not have a personal history of any cancer. RESULTS Minority women and women with a college education or less had greater odds of reporting that breast cancer, rather than heart disease, would cause more deaths in women this year. Women who had ever had a mammogram had greater odds of reporting a moderate/high compared with low likelihood of developing breast cancer. Women with less than a college education had greater odds of not knowing of any lifestyle behaviors or reporting only clinical behaviors related to reducing one's risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The present study illuminates areas of lagging information dissemination that may be used for targeted strategies for population health management in the era of the Affordable Care Act, that of bridging healthy lifestyle strategies for heart health with messages for breast health.
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Torre LA, Siegel RL, Ward EM, Jemal A. Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends--An Update. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 25:16-27. [PMID: 26667886 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2292] [Impact Index Per Article: 254.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited published data on recent cancer incidence and mortality trends worldwide. We used the International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse to present age-standardized cancer incidence and death rates for 2003-2007. We also present trends in incidence through 2007 and mortality through 2012 for select countries from five continents. High-income countries (HIC) continue to have the highest incidence rates for all sites, as well as for lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, although some low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) now count among those with the highest rates. Mortality rates from these cancers are declining in many HICs while they are increasing in LMICs. LMICs have the highest rates of stomach, liver, esophageal, and cervical cancer. Although rates remain high in HICs, they are plateauing or decreasing for the most common cancers due to decreases in known risk factors, screening and early detection, and improved treatment (mortality only). In contrast, rates in several LMICs are increasing for these cancers due to increases in smoking, excess body weight, and physical inactivity. LMICs also have a disproportionate burden of infection-related cancers. Applied cancer control measures are needed to reduce rates in HICs and arrest the growing burden in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Torre
- American Cancer Society Surveillance and Health Services Research, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- American Cancer Society Surveillance and Health Services Research, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ahmedin Jemal
- American Cancer Society Surveillance and Health Services Research, Atlanta, Georgia
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Warner WA, Morrison RL, Lee TY, Williams TM, Ramnarine S, Roach V, Slovacek S, Maharaj R, Bascombe N, Bondy ML, Ellis MJ, Toriola AT, Roach A, Llanos AAM. Associations among ancestry, geography and breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in Trinidad and Tobago. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1742-53. [PMID: 26338451 PMCID: PMC4674001 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer (BC) is the most common newly diagnosed cancer among women in Trinidad and Tobago (TT) and BC mortality rates are among the highest in the world. Globally, racial/ethnic trends in BC incidence, mortality and survival have been reported. However, such investigations have not been conducted in TT, which has been noted for its rich diversity. In this study, we investigated associations among ancestry, geography and BC incidence, mortality and survival in TT. Data on 3767 incident BC cases, reported to the National Cancer Registry of TT, from 1995 to 2007, were analyzed in this study. Women of African ancestry had significantly higher BC incidence and mortality rates ( INCIDENCE 66.96; MORTALITY 30.82 per 100,000) compared to women of East Indian ( INCIDENCE 41.04, MORTALITY: 14.19 per 100,000) or mixed ancestry ( INCIDENCE 36.72, MORTALITY: 13.80 per 100,000). Geographically, women residing in the North West Regional Health Authority (RHA) catchment area followed by the North Central RHA exhibited the highest incidence and mortality rates. Notable ancestral differences in survival were also observed. Women of East Indian and mixed ancestry experienced significantly longer survival than those of African ancestry. Differences in survival by geography were not observed. In TT, ancestry and geographical residence seem to be strong predictors of BC incidence and mortality rates. Additionally, disparities in survival by ancestry were found. These data should be considered in the design and implementation of strategies to reduce BC incidence and mortality rates in TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Warner
- Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert L Morrison
- Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tammy Y Lee
- California State University, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Shelina Ramnarine
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Veronica Roach
- Dr. Elizabeth Quamina Cancer Registry, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Ravi Maharaj
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nigel Bascombe
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Allana Roach
- Public Health and Primary Care Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Rutgers School of Public Health and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Park Y. Predicting Cancer Risk: Practical Considerations in Developing and Validating a Cancer Risk Prediction Model. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-015-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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