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Wang X, Tazearslan C, Kim S, Guo Q, Contreras D, Yang J, Hudgins AD, Suh Y. In vitro heterochronic parabiosis identifies pigment epithelium-derived factor as a systemic mediator of rejuvenation by young blood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592258. [PMID: 38746475 PMCID: PMC11092633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Several decades of heterochronic parabiosis (HCPB) studies have demonstrated the restorative impact of young blood, and deleterious influence of aged blood, on physiological function and homeostasis across tissues, although few of the factors responsible for these observations have been identified. Here we develop an in vitro HCPB system to identify these circulating factors, using replicative lifespan (RLS) of primary human fibroblasts as an endpoint of cellular health. We find that RLS is inversely correlated with serum donor age and sensitive to the presence or absence of specific serum components. Through in vitro HCPB, we identify the secreted protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a circulating factor that extends RLS of primary human fibroblasts and declines with age in mammals. Systemic administration of PEDF to aged mice reverses age-related functional decline and pathology across several tissues, improving cognitive function and reducing hepatic fibrosis and renal lipid accumulation. Together, our data supports PEDF as a systemic mediator of the effect of young blood on organismal health and homeostasis and establishes our in vitro HCPB system as a valuable screening platform for the identification of candidate circulating factors involved in aging and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cagdas Tazearslan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Contreras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jiping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Adam D. Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Xiang W, Li L, Zhao Q, Zeng Y, Shi J, Chen Z, Gao G, Lai K. PEDF protects retinal pigment epithelium from ferroptosis and ameliorates dry AMD-like pathology in a murine model. GeroScience 2024; 46:2697-2714. [PMID: 38153666 PMCID: PMC10828283 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision damage among elderly individuals. There is still no efficient treatment for dry AMD. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration has been confirmed to play an important role in dry AMD. Recent studies have reported that ferroptosis caused by iron overload and lipid peroxidation may be the primary causes of RPE degeneration. However, the upstream regulatory molecules of RPE ferroptosis remain largely unknown. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an important endogenic protective factor for the RPE. Our results showed that in the murine dry AMD model induced by sodium iodate (SI), PEDF expression was downregulated. Moreover, dry AMD-like pathology was observed in PEDF-knockout mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the effects and mechanism of PEDF on RPE ferroptosis and investigate potential therapeutic targets for dry AMD. The results of lipid peroxidation and transmission electron microscope showed that retinal ferroptosis was significantly activated in SI-treated mice and PEDF-knockout mice. Restoration of PEDF expression ameliorated SI-induced retinal dysfunction in mice, as assessed by electroretinography and optical coherence tomography. Mechanistically, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of PEDF could upregulate the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain-1 (FTH1), which proved to inhibit lipid peroxidation and RPE ferroptosis induced by SI. This study revealed the novel role of PEDF in ferroptosis inhibition and indicated that PEDF might be a potential therapeutic target for dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Mohan RR, Gupta S, Kumar R, Sinha NR, Landreneau J, Sinha PR, Tandon A, Chaurasia SS, Hesemann NP. Tissue-targeted and localized AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF combination gene therapy abrogates corneal fibrosis and concurrent neovascularization in rabbit eyes in vivo. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:13-25. [PMID: 38191093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal fibrosis and neovascularization (CNV) after ocular trauma impairs vision. This study tested therapeutic potential of tissue-targeted adeno-associated virus5 (AAV5) mediated decorin (DCN) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) combination genes in vivo. METHODS Corneal fibrosis and CNV were induced in New Zealand White rabbits via chemical trauma. Gene therapy in stroma was delivered 30-min after chemical-trauma via topical AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF application using a cloning cylinder. Clinical eye examinations and multimodal imaging in live rabbits were performed periodically and corneal tissues were collected 9-day and 15-day post euthanasia. Histological, cellular, and molecular and apoptosis assays were used for efficacy, tolerability, and mechanistic studies. RESULTS The AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF combination gene therapy significantly reduced corneal fibrosis (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) and CNV (p < 0.001) in therapy-given (chemical-trauma and AAV5-DCN + AAV5-PEDF) rabbit eyes compared to the no-therapy given eyes (chemical-trauma and AAV5-naked vector). Histopathological analyses demonstrated significantly reduced fibrotic α-smooth muscle actin and endothelial lectin expression in therapy-given corneas compared to no-therapy corneas on day-9 (p < 0.001) and day-15 (p < 0.001). Further, therapy-given corneas showed significantly increased Fas-ligand mRNA levels (p < 0.001) and apoptotic cell death in neovessels (p < 0.001) compared to no-therapy corneas. AAV5 delivered 2.69 × 107 copies of DCN and 2.31 × 107 copies of PEDF genes per μg of DNA. AAV5 vector and delivered DCN and PEDF genes found tolerable to the rabbit eyes and caused no significant toxicity to the cornea. CONCLUSION The combination AAV5-DCN and AAV5-PEDF topical gene therapy effectively reduces corneal fibrosis and CNV with high tolerability in vivo in rabbits. Additional studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - James Landreneau
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ashish Tandon
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nathan P Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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Chen S, Barnstable CJ, Zhang X, Li X, Zhao S, Tombran-Tink J. A PEDF peptide mimetic effectively relieves dry eye in a diabetic murine model by restoring corneal nerve, barrier, and lacrimal gland function. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:1-12. [PMID: 38103731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study investigated effectiveness of a novel PEDF peptide mimetic to alleviate dry eye-like pathologies in a Type I diabetic mouse model established using streptozotocin. METHODS Mice were treated topically for 3-6 weeks with Ppx (a 17-mer PEDF mimetic) 2x/day or vehicle. Corneal sensitivity, tear film, epithelial and endothelial injury were measured using Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, phenol red cotton thread wetting, fluorescein sodium staining, and ZO1 expression, respectively. Inflammatory and parasympathetic nerve markers and activation of the MAPK/JNK pathways in the lacrimal glands were measured. RESULTS Diabetic mice exhibited features of dry eye including reduced corneal sensation and tear secretion and increased corneal epithelium injury, nerve degeneration, and edema. Ppx reversed these pathologies and restored ZO1 expression and morphological integrity of the endothelium. Upregulation of IL-1β and TNFα, increased activation of P-38, JNK, and ERK, and higher levels of M3ACHR in diabetic lacrimal glands were also reversed by the peptide treatment. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that topical application of a synthetic PEDF mimetic effectively alleviates diabetes-induced dry eye by restoring corneal sensitivity, tear secretion, and endothelial barrier and lacrimal gland function. These findings have significant implications for the potential treatment of dry eye using a cost-effective and reproducible approach with minimal invasiveness and no obvious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Colin James Barnstable
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA; Skyran Biologics Inc., Harrisburg, PA, USA, 17112
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA; Skyran Biologics Inc., Harrisburg, PA, USA, 17112.
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Zhou Y, Xu M, Shen W, Xu Y, Shao A, Xu P, Yao K, Han H, Ye J. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for Ocular Fundus Neovascularization Disease Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304626. [PMID: 38406994 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
As an indispensable part of the human sensory system, visual acuity may be impaired and even develop into irreversible blindness due to various ocular pathologies. Among ocular diseases, fundus neovascularization diseases (FNDs) are prominent etiologies of visual impairment worldwide. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs remains the primary therapy but is hurdled by common complications and incomplete potency. To renovate the current therapeutic modalities, nanomedicine emerged as the times required, which is endowed with advanced capabilities, able to fulfill the effective ocular fundus drug delivery and achieve precise drug release control, thus further improving the therapeutic effect. This review provides a comprehensive summary of advances in nanomedicine for FND management from state-of-the-art studies. First, the current therapeutic modalities for FNDs are thoroughly introduced, focusing on the key challenges of ocular fundus drug delivery. Second, nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed for ocular posterior drug delivery based on the nanostructures: polymer-based nanocarriers, lipid-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles. Thirdly, the characteristics of the fundus microenvironment, their pathological changes during FNDs, and corresponding strategies for constructing smart nanocarriers are elaborated. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of nanomedicine for FND management are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - An Shao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Peifang Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
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Nampei M, Suzuki Y, Nakajima H, Oinaka H, Kawakita F, Suzuki H. Acute-Phase Plasma Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Predicting Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1701. [PMID: 38338974 PMCID: PMC10855834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has increased with the aging of the population, but the outcome for elderly SAH patients is very poor. Therefore, predicting the outcome is important for determining whether to pursue aggressive treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a matricellular protein that is induced in the brain, and the plasma levels could be used as a biomarker for the severity of metabolic diseases. This study investigated whether acute-phase plasma PEDF levels could predict outcomes after aneurysmal SAH in the elderly. Plasma samples and clinical variables were collected over 1-3 days, post-SAH, from 56 consecutive elderly SAH patients ≥75 years of age registered in nine regional stroke centers in Japan between September 2013 and December 2016. The samples and variables were analyzed in terms of 3-month outcomes. Acute-phase plasma PEDF levels were significantly elevated in patients with ultimately poor outcomes, and the cutoff value of 12.6 µg/mL differentiated 3-month outcomes with high sensitivity (75.6%) and specificity (80.0%). Acute-phase plasma PEDF levels of ≥12.6 µg/mL were an independent and possibly better predictor of poor outcome than previously reported clinical variables. Acute-phase plasma PEDF levels may serve as the first biomarker to predict 3-month outcomes and to select elderly SAH patients who should be actively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.S.); (H.N.); (H.O.); (F.K.)
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Xu L, Chen Y, Feng S, Liu Z, Ye Y, Zhou R, Liu L. PEDF inhibits LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats and promotes lung epithelial cell survival by upregulating PPAR-γ. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:359. [PMID: 37740176 PMCID: PMC10517507 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of acute lung injury (ALI) involves numerous pathological factors and complex mechanisms, and cause the destruction of epithelial and endothelial barriers. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a potential anti-inflammatory factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PEDF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. METHODS In vivo, pathological and injury related factors examination were performed on rat lung to investigate the effect of PEDF on ALI. In vitro, the effect of PEDF on inflammatory injury and apoptosis of lung epithelial type II RLE-6TN cell was evaluated, and the expression of inflammatory factors and related pathway proteins and PPAR-γ (in the presence or absence of PPAR-γ inhibitors) were analyzed. RESULTS In vivo results showed that PEDF inhibited the inflammatory factor expression (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and progression of ALI and reduced lung cell apoptosis in rats. In vitro results showed that PEDF could effectively inhibit LPS-stimulated inflammatory damage and apoptosis of RLE-6TN cells. PEDF inhibited the RLE-6TN cell injury by enhancing the expression of PPAR-γ. CONCLUSIONS PEDF is an anti-inflammatory factor, which can inhibit apoptosis of lung epithelial cells by upregulating the expression of PPAR-γ and reducing LPS-induced ALI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoujie Feng
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Zeyan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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Li C, Zhang Y, Gao F, Zhao N, Wang G, Xu J, Zhao X. Sex differences in serum pigment epithelium-derived factor in healthy individuals. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34368. [PMID: 37713893 PMCID: PMC10508582 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate sexual dimorphism of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and its influencing factors in healthy individuals. A total of 162 healthy people (69 males, 93 females) who underwent health examinations in our department were selected. Serum PEDF, estradiol and other metabolic indices were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated to evaluate insulin resistance and β-cell function, respectively. Subjects were divided into < 50 years and ≥ 50 years groups to explore the sexual dimorphism of serum PEDF in different age groups. We found no statistically significant difference in serum PEDF levels between men and women in total. However, in the group of subjects under 50 years old, men had significantly higher PEDF levels than women (9.32 ± 2.07 μg/mL vs 8.24 ± 2.29 μg/mL, P < .05), and no sex difference was found in the ≥ 50 years group. In women, serum PEDF levels were significantly higher in subjects aged 50 years and over than in those younger than 50 years of age (9.56 ± 3.05 μg/mL vs 8.25 ± 2.30 μg/mL, P < .05). In men, there was no significant difference in serum PEDF levels between the 2 age groups. In women, correlation analysis showed that serum PEDF levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 2-h postprandial glucose, fasting and 2-h postprandial insulin, HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, aminotransferase, triacylglycerol, and estradiol. Elevated triacylglycerol and aminotransferase and decreased estradiol were significant predictors of increased PEDF concentrations in women. There is sexual dimorphism in circulating PEDF levels, which may be related to estrogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiliu Li
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yunna Zhang
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Fang Gao
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Nairui Zhao
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Guangya Wang
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Kvivik I, Grimstad T, Bårdsen K, Jonsson G, Kvaløy JT, Omdal R. High mobility group box 1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:81. [PMID: 37365509 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is common in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, often with a severe impact on the patient's daily life. From a biological point of view, fatigue can be regarded as an element of the sickness behavior response, a coordinated set of responses induced by pathogens to enhance survival during an infection and immunological danger. The mechanisms are not fully understood but involve activation of the innate immune system, with pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-1β, acting on cerebral neurons. These mechanisms are also active during chronic inflammatory conditions. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has interleukin-1 like properties and is a strong inducer of innate immune responses. Its role in generation of fatigue is not clarified. Emerging evidence indicates that also other biomolecules may influence sickness behavior. We aimed to elucidate how HMGB1 influences fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease, and how the protein interacts with other candidate biomarkers of fatigue. METHODS In 56 patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease, fatigue was evaluated using three different fatigue instruments: the fatigue visual analog scale (fVAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the vitality subscale of Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36vs). The biochemical markers IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), soluble IL-1 receptor type 2 (sIL-RII), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), HMGB1, anti-fully reduced (fr)HMGB1 antibodies (abs), hemopexin (HPX), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were measured in plasma. Multivariable regression and principal component analyses (PCA) were applied. RESULTS Multivariable regression analyses revealed significant contributions to fatigue severity for HMGB1 in the FSS model, HSP90α in the fVAS model and IL-1RA in the SF-36vs model. Depression and pain scores contributed to all three models. In PCA, two components described 53.3% of the variation. The "inflammation and cellular stress dimension" was dominated by IL-1RA, sIL-1RII, HSP90α, HPX, and PEDF scores, where the "HMGB1 dimension" was dominated by HMGB1, anti-frHMGB1 abs, and fVAS scores. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that HMGB1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue severity in chronic inflammatory conditions. The well-known association with depression and pain is also acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Kvivik
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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10
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PEDF Protects Endothelial Barrier Integrity during Acute Myocardial Infarction via 67LR. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032787. [PMID: 36769107 PMCID: PMC9917376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity and protecting the stability of tight junctions in endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic strategy against myocardial ischaemia. Laminin receptors (67LR) are highly expressed on endothelial cell membranes and are associated with endothelial barrier function. Herein, we sought to demonstrate the direct effects of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) on tight junctions between endothelial cells via 67LR during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. We detected that PEDF directly increased the level of the tight junction protein zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) after overexpression in vitro and in vivo using Western blotting. Evans Blue/TTC staining showed that PEDF significantly reduced the size of the infarcted myocardium. Immunofluorescence and the transwell cellular experiments suggested that PEDF significantly upregulated PI3K-AKT permeability and the distribution of ZO-1 between endothelial cells under OGD conditions. Interestingly, PEDF significantly upregulated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K-AKT-mTOR under oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions but had no significant effects on the total protein expression. The protective effect of PEDF on ZO-1 was significantly inhibited following the inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR. The activation of phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR by PEDF was blocked after silencing 67LR, as were the protective effects of PEDF on ZO-1. Therefore, we have reason to believe that PEDF increased ZO-1 expression through the 67LR-dependent PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, thus maintaining tight junction stability and protecting cardiac function.
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11
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Schwend T. Wiring the ocular surface: A focus on the comparative anatomy and molecular regulation of sensory innervation of the cornea. Differentiation 2023:S0301-4681(23)00010-5. [PMID: 36997455 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is richly innervated with sensory nerves that function to detect and clear harmful debris from the surface of the eye, promote growth and survival of the corneal epithelium and hasten wound healing following ocular disease or trauma. Given their importance to eye health, the neuroanatomy of the cornea has for many years been a source of intense investigation. Resultantly, complete nerve architecture maps exist for adult human and many animal models and these maps reveal few major differences across species. Interestingly, recent work has revealed considerable variation across species in how sensory nerves are acquired during developmental innervation of the cornea. Highlighting such species-distinct key differences, but also similarities, this review provides a full, comparative anatomy analysis of sensory innervation of the cornea for all species studied to date. Further, this article comprehensively describes the molecules that have been shown to guide and direct nerves toward, into and through developing corneal tissue as the final architectural pattern of the cornea's neuroanatomy is established. Such knowledge is useful for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand the anatomical and molecular basis of corneal nerve pathologies and to hasten neuro-regeneration following infection, trauma or surgery that damage the ocular surface and its corneal nerves.
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12
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Qu Q, Park K, Zhou K, Wassel D, Farjo R, Criswell T, Ma JX, Zhang Y. Sustained therapeutic effect of an anti-inflammatory peptide encapsulated in nanoparticles on ocular vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1049678. [PMID: 36589744 PMCID: PMC9802579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1049678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an endogenous Wnt signaling inhibitor in the serine proteinase inhibitors (SERPIN) super family, is present in multiple organs, including the vitreous. Significantly low levels of PEDF in the vitreous are found to associate with pathological retinal vascular leakage and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Intravitreal delivery of PEDF represents a promising therapeutic approach for DR. However, PEDF has a short half-life after intravitreal injection, which represents a major hurdle for the long-term treatment. Here we report the prolonged therapeutic effects of a 34-mer peptide of the PEDF N-terminus, encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PEDF34-NP), on DR. PEDF34-NP inhibited hypoxia-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in cultured retinal cells. In addition, PEDF34-NP significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy rat model, and significantly reduced retinal vascular leakage and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats up to 4 weeks after intravitreal injection, as compared to PLGA-NP control. Intravitreal injection of PEDF34-NP did not display any detectable toxicities to retinal structure and function. Our findings suggest that PEDF34-NP can confer sustained therapeutic effects on retinal inflammation and vascular leakage, having considerable potential to provide long-term treatment options for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Drew Wassel
- EyeCro LLC., Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rafal Farjo
- EyeCro LLC., Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Institure for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jian-xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institure for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Yuanyuan Zhang,
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13
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Deletion of the Pedf gene leads to inflammation, photoreceptor loss and vascular disturbances in the retina. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109171. [PMID: 35809620 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are often accompanied by inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and neurodegeneration that decrease vision. Treatment with exogenous PEDF is widely shown to alleviate these conditions leading us to hypothesize that loss of function of the PEDF gene disrupts these pathways and leads to visual loss. Measurements were carried out by detailed phenotyping of PEDF null mice to assess expression of immunomodulators, glia activation, systemic inflammation, vascular disturbances, and visual sensitivity often associated with retinal pathologies. With a deletion of the Pedf gene, there was increased expression of several immune modulators in Pedf-/- retinas and serum with IL-2 and GM-CSF upregulated in both. Increases in retina glia activation and macrophage infiltration, levels of serum c-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of white and red blood cells and platelets and decreased blood glucose levels were all features associated with PEDF null mice. With PEDF gene deletion, there was also a notable increase in apoptosis in early developing retinas (PN3), reduced thickness of the photoreceptor layer, swelling of the inner plexiform layer, reduced retinal sensitivity and steady-state reduced activation of Erk and Akt, two signaling pathways used by PEDF. There is a substantial body of animal data emphasizing utility of PEDF treatment in homeostatic regulation of retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration but there is little agreement or evidence on the role of endogenous PEDF in retinal diseases. Our findings strongly support the concept that a deletion of the PEDF gene makes the retina vulnerable to diseases, and argue that endogenous PEDF plays a critical role in limiting pathological events in the retina.
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14
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Qin X, Jia C, Liang J, Chen J, Liu X, Chao Z, Qin H, Yuan Y, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Dong H, Zhang H. PEDF is an antifibrosis factor that inhibits the activation of fibroblasts in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model. Respir Res 2022; 23:100. [PMID: 35459189 PMCID: PMC9027047 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly heterogeneous and fatal lung disease. In addition to dense fibrous tissue, abnormal angiogenesis is also an important feature of IPF. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a potential anti-fibrous factor. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effect of PEDF on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods In vivo, pathological examination and detection of related factors were performed on pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in rats, and the temporal and spatial distribution of PEDF was investigated. Furthermore, lung gene delivery (PEDF-adeno-associated virus) was performed to investigate the effect of PEDF on pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro, lentiviral vectors were used to construct PEDF over-expression or knock out primary rat lung (PRL) fibroblasts. The effect of PEDF on fibroblast activation under TGF-β1 stimulation was evaluated, and the activation of TGF-β1/smad pathway and PPAR-γ expression (in the presence or absence of PPAR-γ inhibitors) were analyzed. Results In vivo results showed that PEDF expression decreased during the inflammatory phase and increased during the fibrotic phase. PEDF could inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. In vitro results showed that PEDF could effectively inhibit TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast activation and reduce the production of α-SMA and collagen-I. PEDF could inhibit the TGF-β1/smad pathway by up-regulating the activity of PPAR-γ. Conclusions PEDF can act as an anti-fibrotic factor, inhibit fibroblast activation by upregulating PPAR-γ activity and reduce BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02027-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Caili Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingtian Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixiang Chao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanliang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Public Experimental Research Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Wang J, Tao Z, Deng H, Cui Y, Xu Z, Lyu Q, Zhao J. Therapeutic implications of nanodrug and tissue engineering for retinal pigment epithelium-related diseases. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5657-5677. [PMID: 35352082 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08337f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as a single layer of cells that performs multiple functions posteriorly in the eye, is a promising target site for the prevention and treatment of several clinical diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, chorionic neovascularization, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent decades, several nanodrug delivery platforms and tissue-engineered RPE have been widely developed to treat RPE-related diseases. This work summarizes the recent advances in nanoplatforms and tissue engineering scaffolds developed in these fields. The diseases associated with pathological RPE and their common therapy strategies are first introduced. Then, the recent progress made with a variety of drug delivery systems is presented, with an emphasis on the modification strategies of nanomaterials for targeted delivery. Tissue engineering-mediated RPE transplantation for treating these diseases is subsequently described. Finally, the clinical translation challenges in these fields are discussed in depth. This article will offer readers a better understanding of emerging nanotechnology and tissue engineering related to the treatment of RPE-related diseases and could facilitate their widespread use in experiments in vivo and in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Zhengyang Tao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Hongwei Deng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Yubo Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Zhirong Xu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Lyu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
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16
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Pigment epithelium-derived factor engineered to increase glycosaminoglycan affinity while maintaining bioactivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:148-153. [PMID: 35334413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted protein that is essential in tissue homeostasis and is involved in multiple functions in the eye, such as antiangiogenesis and neuroprotection. However, short retention in the retinal microenvironment can limit its therapeutic effects. In this study, we modified the amino acid sequence of PEDF to increase its affinity for heparin and hyaluronic acid (HA), which are negatively charged extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. HA is the major component of the vitreous humor. We selectively converted neutral or anionic residues into cationic residues to obtain engineered PEDF (ePEDF). Using in vitro binding assays, we demonstrate that ePEDF had higher affinity for heparin and HA than wild-type PEDF (wtPEDF). ePEDF exhibited antiangiogenic and retinal survival bioactivities. It inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation in vitro. In an ex vivo model mimicking retinal degeneration, ePEDF protected photoreceptors from cell death. The findings suggest that protein engineering is an approach to develop active PEDF with higher ECM affinity to potentially improve its retention in the retina microenvironment and in turn make it a more efficient therapeutic drug for retinal diseases.
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17
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Biomarkers in metabolic syndrome. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 111:101-156. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Du SW, Palczewski K. MicroRNA regulation of critical retinal pigment epithelial functions. Trends Neurosci 2021; 45:78-90. [PMID: 34753606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNAs that are critical for the control of normal cellular physiology. In the retina, photoreceptors are highly specialized neurons that transduce light into electrical signals. Photoreceptors, however, are unable to process visual stimuli without the support of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE performs numerous functions to aid the retina, including the generation of visual chromophore and metabolic support. Recent work has underscored how microRNAs enable vision through their contributions to RPE functions. This review focuses on the biogenesis and control of microRNAs in rodents and humans, the roles microRNAs play in RPE function and degeneration, and how microRNAs could serve as potential therapeutics and biomarkers for visual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Du
- Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA.
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19
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Miralles de Imperial-Ollero JA, Gallego-Ortega A, Ortín-Martínez A, Villegas-Pérez MP, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Vidal-Sanz M. Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111137. [PMID: 34833013 PMCID: PMC8617611 DOI: 10.3390/life11111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light. Recently, a blue LED-induced phototoxicity (LIP) model has been developed that causes focal damage in the outer layers of the superior-temporal region of the retina in rodents. In vivo studies described a progressive reduction in retinal thickness that affected the most extensively the photoreceptor layer. Functionally, a transient reduction in a- and b-wave amplitude of the ERG response was observed. Ex vivo studies showed a progressive reduction of cones and an involvement of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the area of the lesion and, in parallel, an activation of microglial cells that perfectly circumscribe the damage in the outer retinal layer. The use of neuroprotective strategies such as intravitreal administration of trophic factors, e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and topical administration of the selective alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine) have demonstrated to increase the survival of the cone population after LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
| | - Arturo Ortín-Martínez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - María Paz Villegas-Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
| | - Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.V.-S.); (M.V.-S.); Tel.: +34-868-88-4503 (F.J.V-S.); +34-868-88-4330 (M.V.-S.)
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.V.-S.); (M.V.-S.); Tel.: +34-868-88-4503 (F.J.V-S.); +34-868-88-4330 (M.V.-S.)
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20
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Scaffold-Free Retinal Pigment Epithelium Microtissues Exhibit Increased Release of PEDF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111317. [PMID: 34768747 PMCID: PMC8583603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) plays a critical role in photoreceptor survival and function. RPE deficits are implicated in a wide range of diseases that result in vision loss, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease, affecting millions worldwide. Subretinal delivery of RPE cells is considered a promising avenue for treatment, and encouraging results from animal trials have supported recent progression into the clinic. However, the limited survival and engraftment of transplanted RPE cells delivered as a suspension continues to be a major challenge. While RPE delivery as epithelial sheets exhibits improved outcomes, this comes at the price of increased complexity at both the production and transplant stages. In order to combine the benefits of both approaches, we have developed size-controlled, scaffold-free RPE microtissues (RPE-µTs) that are suitable for scalable production and delivery via injection. RPE-µTs retain key RPE molecular markers, and interestingly, in comparison to conventional monolayer cultures, they show significant increases in the transcription and secretion of pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which is a key trophic factor known to enhance the survival and function of photoreceptors. Furthermore, these microtissues readily spread in vitro on a substrate analogous to Bruch’s membrane, suggesting that RPE-µTs may collapse into a sheet upon transplantation. We anticipate that this approach may provide an alternative cell delivery system to improve the survival and integration of RPE transplants, while also retaining the benefits of low complexity in production and delivery.
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21
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Clarkson-Townsend DA, Bales KL, Hermetz KE, Burt AA, Pardue MT, Marsit CJ. Developmental chronodisruption alters placental signaling in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255296. [PMID: 34370755 PMCID: PMC8351967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronodisruption has been largely overlooked as a developmental exposure. The placenta, a conduit between the maternal and fetal environments, may relay circadian cues to the fetus. We have previously shown that developmental chronodisruption causes visual impairment and increased retinal microglial and macrophage marker expression. Here, we investigated the impacts of environmental chronodisruption on fetal and placental outcomes in a C57BL/6J mouse (Mus musculus) model. Developmental chronodisruption had no effect on embryo count, placental weight, or fetal sex ratio. When measured with RNAseq, mice exposed to developmental chronodisruption (CD) had differential placental expression of several transcripts including Serpinf1, which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Immunofluorescence of microglia/macrophage markers, Iba1 and CD11b, also revealed significant upregulation of immune cell markers in CD-exposed placenta. Our results suggest that in utero chronodisruption enhances placental immune cell expression, potentially programming a pro-inflammatory tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Clarkson-Townsend
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States of America
| | - Katie L. Bales
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Amber A. Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Machelle T. Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Ha NT, Liu X, Smith TH, Dougherty KJ, Toyo-Oka K. Rpsa Signaling Regulates Cortical Neuronal Morphogenesis via Its Ligand, PEDF, and Plasma Membrane Interaction Partner, Itga6. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:770-795. [PMID: 34347028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphological defects underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and functional defects. We identified a function for Rpsa in regulating neuromorphogenesis using in utero electroporation to knockdown Rpsa, resulting in apical dendrite misorientation, fewer/shorter extensions, and decreased spine density with altered spine morphology in upper neuronal layers and decreased arborization in upper/lower cortical layers. Rpsa knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of cortical development, including radial glial cell fiber morphology and neuronal layering. We investigated Rpsa's ligand, PEDF, and interacting partner on the plasma membrane, Itga6. Rpsa, PEDF, and Itga6 knockdown cause similar phenotypes, with Rpsa and Itga6 overexpression rescuing morphological defects in PEDF-deficient neurons in vivo. Additionally, Itga6 overexpression increases and stabilizes Rpsa expression on the plasma membrane. GCaMP6s was used to functionally analyze Rpsa knockdown via ex vivo calcium imaging. Rpsa-deficient neurons showed less fluctuation in fluorescence intensity, suggesting defective subthreshold calcium signaling. The Serpinf1 gene coding for PEDF is localized at chromosome 17p13.3, which is deleted in patients with the neurodevelopmental disorder Miller-Dieker syndrome. Our study identifies a role for Rpsa in early cortical development and for PEDF-Rpsa-Itga6 signaling in neuromorphogenesis, thus implicating these molecules in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Miller-Dieker syndrome and identifying them as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Ngoc T Ha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kimberly J Dougherty
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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23
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Bascuas T, Zedira H, Kropp M, Harmening N, Asrih M, Prat-Souteyrand C, Tian S, Thumann G. Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Overexpressing the Neuroprotective Proteins PEDF and GM-CSF to Treat Degeneration of the Neural Retina. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:168-183. [PMID: 34238157 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210707123809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-viral transposon-mediated gene delivery can overcome viral vectors' limitations. Transposon gene delivery offers the safe and life-long expression of genes such as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to counteract retinal degeneration by reducing oxidative stress damage. OBJECTIVE Use Sleeping Beauty transposon to transfect human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with the neuroprotective factors PEDF and GM-CSF to investigate the effect of these factors on oxidative stress damage. METHODS Human RPE cells were transfected with PEDF and GM-CSF by electroporation, using the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon gene delivery system (SB100X). Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR and protein level by Western Blot as well as ELISA. The cellular stress level and the neuroprotective effect of the proteins were determined by measuring the concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione in human RPE cells and immunohistochemical examination of retinal integrity, inflammation, and apoptosis of rat retina-organotypic cultures (ROC) exposed to H2O2. RESULTS Human RPE cells were efficiently transfected, showing a significantly augmented gene expression and protein secretion. Human RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and/or GM-CSF or pre-treated with recombinant proteins presented significantly increased glutathione levels post-H2O2 incubation than non-transfected/untreated controls. rPEDF and/or rGM-CSF-treated ROC exhibited decreased inflammatory reactions and cell degeneration. CONCLUSION GM-CSF and/or PEDF could be delivered successfully to RPE cells by combining the use of SB100X and electroporation. PEDF and/or GM-CSF reduced H2O2-mediated oxidative stress damage in RPE cells and ROC offering an encouraging technique to re-establish a cell-protective environment to halt age-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Bascuas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hajer Zedira
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kropp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nina Harmening
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Asrih
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Shuwei Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Shang Z, Li C, Liu X, Xu M, Zhang X, Li X, Barnstable CJ, Zhao S, Tombran-Tink J. PEDF Gene Deletion Disrupts Corneal Innervation and Ocular Surface Function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34132748 PMCID: PMC8212434 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cornea is richly innervated by the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its function supported by secretions from the adjacent lacrimal (LG) and meibomian glands (MG). In this study we examined how pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) gene deletion affects the cornea structure and function. Methods We used PEDF hemizygous and homozygous knockout mice to study effects of PEDF deficiency on corneal innervation assessed by beta tubulin staining, mRNA expression of trophic factors, and PEDF receptors by adjacent supporting glands, corneal sensitivity measured using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and tear production using phenol red cotton thread wetting. Results Loss of PEDF was accompanied by reduced corneal innervation and sensitivity, increased corneal surface injury and tear production, thinning of the corneal stroma and loss of stromal cells. PEDF mRNA was expressed in the cornea and its supporting tissues, the TG, LG, and MG. Deletion of one or both PEDF alleles resulted in decreased expression of essential trophic support in the TG, LG, and MG including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor, and GDNF with significantly increased levels of NT-3 in the LG and decreased EGF expression in the cornea. Decreased transcription of the putative PEDF receptors, adipose triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein receptor–related protein 6, laminin receptor, PLXDC1, and PLXDC2 was also evident in the TG, LG and MG with the first three showing increased levels in corneas of the Pedf+/− and Pedf−/− mice compared to wildtype controls. Constitutive inactivation of ERK1/2 and Akt was pronounced in the TG and cornea, although their protein levels were dramatically increased in Pedf−/− mice. Conclusions This study highlights an essential role for PEDF in corneal structure and function and confirms the reported rescue of exogenous PEDF treatment in corneal pathologies. The pleiotropic effects of PEDF deletion on multiple trophic factors, receptors and signaling molecules are strong indications that PEDF is a key coordinator of molecular mechanisms that maintain corneal function and could be exploited in therapeutic options for several ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Manhong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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25
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Diabetic retinal neurodegeneration as a form of diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3223-3248. [PMID: 33954860 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the evidence supporting diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) as a form of diabetic retinopathy. METHOD Review of literature. RESULTS DRN is recognized to be a part of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), in addition to the well-established diabetic retinal vasculopathy (DRV). DRN has been noted in the early stages of DM, before the onset of clinically evident diabetic retinopathy. The occurrence of DRN has been confirmed in animal models of DM, histopathological examination of donor's eyes from diabetic individuals and assessment of neural structure and function in humans. DRN involves alterations in retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptors, amacrine cells and bipolar cells, and is thought to be driven by glutamate, oxidative stress and dysregulation of neuroprotective factors in the retina. Potential therapeutic options for DRN are under evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Literature is divided on the temporal relation between DRN and DRV, with evidence of both precedence and simultaneous occurrence. The relationship between DRN and multi-system neuropathy in DM is yet to be evaluated critically.
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26
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Integration of multiomics data with graph convolutional networks to identify new cancer genes and their associated molecular mechanisms. NAT MACH INTELL 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-021-00325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Pennington BO, Bailey JK, Faynus MA, Hinman C, Hee MN, Ritts R, Nadar V, Zhu D, Mitra D, Martinez-Camarillo JC, Lin TC, Thomas BB, Hinton DR, Humayun MS, Lebkowski J, Johnson LV, Clegg DO. Xeno-free cryopreservation of adherent retinal pigmented epithelium yields viable and functional cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6286. [PMID: 33737600 PMCID: PMC7973769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in adults over 60 years of age, and clinical trials are currently assessing the therapeutic potential of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell monolayers on implantable scaffolds to treat this disease. However, challenges related to the culture, long-term storage, and long-distance transport of such implants currently limit the widespread use of adherent RPE cells as therapeutics. Here we report a xeno-free protocol to cryopreserve a confluent monolayer of clinical-grade, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells on a parylene scaffold (REPS) that yields viable, polarized, and functional RPE cells post-thaw. Thawed cells exhibit ≥ 95% viability, have morphology, pigmentation, and gene expression characteristic of mature RPE cells, and secrete the neuroprotective protein, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Stability under liquid nitrogen (LN2) storage has been confirmed through one year. REPS were administered immediately post-thaw into the subretinal space of a mammalian model, the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS)/nude rat. Implanted REPS were assessed at 30, 60, and 90 days post-implantation, and thawed cells demonstrate survival as an intact monolayer on the parylene scaffold. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for the maturation marker, RPE65, significantly increased over the post-implantation period in vivo, and cells demonstrated functional attributes similar to non-cryopreserved controls. The capacity to cryopreserve adherent cellular therapeutics permits extended storage and stable transport to surgical sites, enabling broad distribution for the treatment of prevalent diseases such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney O. Pennington
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Bailey
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Mohamed A. Faynus
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Cassidy Hinman
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Mitchell N. Hee
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676College of Creative Studies, Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Rory Ritts
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - Vignesh Nadar
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | - Danhong Zhu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Debbie Mitra
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Camarillo
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Biju B. Thomas
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David R. Hinton
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mark S. Humayun
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, Denney Research Center (DRB) of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Dr. Allen and Charlotte Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jane Lebkowski
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA
| | | | - Dennis O. Clegg
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, 6131 Biology 2 Bldg 571, NRI, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
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PEDF inhibits lymphatic metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a new lymphangiogenesis inhibitor. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:295. [PMID: 33731707 PMCID: PMC7969934 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most malignant tumors in southern China and Asia, and lymph node metastasis is an important cause for treatment failure. Lymphangiogenesis is a crucial step in lymphatic metastasis of NPC, while little is known about lymphangiogenesis in NPC. Similar to angiogenesis, lymphangitic neovascularization is a process of balance between pro-lymphangiogenesis and anti-lymphangiogenesis factors, but there are few studies on endogenous lymphangiogenesis inhibitors. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a well-known effective endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor. However, the relationship between PEDF and lymphangiogenesis remains unknown. Our present study reveals that PEDF is lowly expressed in human NPC tissues with poor prognosis and is negatively correlated with lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Consistently, PEDF inhibits lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of NPC in vivo experiments. Mechanistically, PEDF inhibits the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells and promotes cell apoptosis. On the other hand, PEDF reduces the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) of NPC cells through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that PEDF plays a vital role in lymphatic metastasis by targeting both lymphatic endothelial cells and NPC cells, and PEDF may represent a novel therapeutic target for NPC.
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Abstract
Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost cause of end-stage renal disease. With the incidence of diabetes increasing day by day, DN's occurrence is expected to surge to pandemic proportions. Current available therapeutic interventions associated with DN emphasize blood pressure, glycemia and lipid control while ignoring DN's progression mechanism at a molecular level. This review sheds light on the molecular insights involved in DN to help understand the initiation and progression pattern. Further, we summarize novel strategies with reported applications in developing a nanomedicine-based platform for DN-targeted drug delivery to improve drug efficacy and safety.
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30
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Fujikawa T, Ohara M, Kohata Y, Nagaike H, Fukase A, Osaka N, Yashima H, Sato N, Kushima H, Shinmura K, Takahashi Y, Hiromura M, Terasaki M, Mori Y, Fukui T, Matsui T, Hirano T, Yamagishi SI. Glucose Variability is Independently Correlated with Serum Level of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:827-842. [PMID: 33586119 PMCID: PMC7947132 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) may play a role in cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate which biochemical and clinical parameters are independently associated with serum PEDF levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 124 patients with T2DM who underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood chemistry analysis, including the diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test and serum PEDF measurement (study 1). Then we investigated whether the changes in the studied biochemical and clinical parameters after 24 weeks of treatment (Δparameters) with anti-hyperglycemic agents, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and/or insulin and anti-hypertensive drugs and statins, were independently correlated with change in PEDF (ΔPEDF) in 52 of the patients with T2DM for whom there was sufficient serum samples to perform the post-treatment analysis (study 2). Serum levels of PEDF were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CGM metrics were calculated on days 2 and 3. Oxidative stress was evaluated using the d-ROMs test. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, fasting C-peptide, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and d-ROMs were positively associated with serum PEDF level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were inversely associated with serum PEDF level. Because these parameters were correlated with each other, multivariate stepwise analysis was performed: eGFR, HDL-C, BMI, MAGE, and UACR remained significant (R2 = 0.452). Furthermore, ΔMAGE and Δd-ROMs were positively correlated with ΔPEDF in study 2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that MAGE may be independently correlated with elevations in serum PEDF level in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Fujikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohara
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yo Kohata
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nagaike
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukase
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Osaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yashima
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kushima
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shinmura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munenori Hiromura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michishige Terasaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Anti-Glycation Research Section, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Fukui
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes Center, Ebina General Hospital, Ebina, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Pham TL, Bazan HEP. Docosanoid signaling modulates corneal nerve regeneration: effect on tear secretion, wound healing, and neuropathic pain. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100033. [PMID: 32788291 PMCID: PMC7933495 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is densely innervated, mainly by sensory nerves of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglia (TG). These nerves are important to maintain corneal homeostasis, and nerve damage can lead to a decrease in wound healing, an increase in corneal ulceration and dry eye disease (DED), and neuropathic pain. Pathologies, such as diabetes, aging, viral and bacterial infection, as well as prolonged use of contact lenses and surgeries to correct vision can produce nerve damage. There are no effective therapies to alleviate DED (a multifunctional disease) and several clinical trials using ω-3 supplementation show unclear and sometimes negative results. Using animal models of corneal nerve damage, we show that treating corneas with pigment epithelium-derived factor plus DHA increases nerve regeneration, wound healing, and tear secretion. The mechanism involves the activation of a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 that releases the incorporated DHA from phospholipids and enhances the synthesis of the docosanoids, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and a new resolvin stereoisomer, resolvin D6i (RvD6i). NPD1 stimulates the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and semaphorin 7A. RvD6i treatment of injured corneas modulates gene expression in the TG resulting in enhanced neurogenesis, decreased neuropathic pain, and increased sensitivity. Taken together, these results represent a promising therapeutic option to reestablish the homeostasis of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang L Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Qin X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhu L, Quan X, Liu Z, Zhang H, Jiang L, Dong H, Zhang Z. Preparation and Characterization of Protein-loaded PFC Nanoemulsions for the Treatment of Heart Diseases by Pulmonary Administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 158:105690. [PMID: 33359617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of heart disease, strategies for the targeted delivery of protein therapeutics to the heart by inhalation are still immature. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are inert chemicals with good biocompatibility, and unique physico-chemical properties that have recently led to their applications in numerous fields. In this study, we combined the advantages of protein-phospholipid complexes and PFC emulsions and then synthesized protein-loaded PFC nanoemulsions (PNEs) to test whether, after inhalation, these nanoemulsions could deliver therapeutic proteins to the heart. After preparing protein-phospholipid complexes by lyophilization, we obtained PNEs by extrusion. The particle size and surface charge of PNEs were about 140 nm and -50 mV, respectively. In vitro results showed that the PNEs had a fine particle fraction of 35% and exhibited sustained protein release. Translocation studies were done using three types of pulmonary epithelial cells, and ~7% translocation was observed in the Calu-3 cell line. Further, they were easily absorbed by cells and had therapeutic effects in culture. In vivo results showed that the PNEs successfully delivered proteins to the myocardial tissue of rats and reduced ischemic myocardial injury caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study suggests that inhalation of PNEs is a new potential strategy to deliver proteins to cardiac tissues for treating heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Qin
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yeqing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of New Drug research and clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of New Drug research and clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of New Drug research and clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China.
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and PEDF 335 Peptide, 67LR Activators, Attenuate Vasogenic Edema, and Astroglial Degeneration Following Status Epilepticus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090854. [PMID: 32933011 PMCID: PMC7555521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-integrin 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is involved in cell adherence to the basement membrane, and it regulates the interactions between laminin and other receptors. The dysfunction of 67LR leads to serum extravasation via blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Polyphenol (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) bind to 67LR and inhibit neovascularization. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of EGCG and NU335, a PEDF-derive peptide, on BBB integrity and their possible underlying mechanisms against vasogenic edema formation induced by status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity). Following SE, both EGCG and NU335 attenuated serum extravasation and astroglial degeneration in the rat piriform cortex (PC). Both EGCG and NU335 reversely regulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT–eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mediated BBB permeability and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in endothelial cells and astrocytes through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, EGCG and NU335 decreased p47Phox (a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit) expression in astrocytes under physiological and post-SE conditions. Therefore, we suggest that EGCG and PEDF derivatives may activate 67LR and its downstream effectors, and they may be considerable anti-vasogenic edema agents.
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Liu X, Liu H, Lu X, Tombran-Tink J, Zhao S. PEDF Attenuates Ocular Surface Damage in Diabetic Mice Model Through Its Antioxidant Properties. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:302-308. [PMID: 32862727 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1805770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the antioxidative effect and mechanism of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the ocular surface damage in diabetic mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozocin to generate diabetic models and then 50 nM PEDF or artificial tears were used to treat the diabetic mice. Treatment was given three times a day for eight weeks. Corneal epithelial damage, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume were quantified by fluorescein staining, esthesiometer, and phenol red cotton thread, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks after diabetes and the whole globe specimens were subjected to histochemical staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected by 2',7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein probe. The levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Topical application of PEDF improved corneal epithelial damage, increased corneal sensitivity, and tear volume in diabetic mice. ROS levels in the cornea were significantly higher in the diabetic mice than in the normal mice. Moreover, PEDF attenuated the accumulation of ROS, decreased the expression of RAGE, and elevated SOD1 expression in the cornea. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of PEDF can alleviate diabetes-related ocular surface damage and increase tear volume, along with the improvement of oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
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Tahara N, Nitta Y, Bekki M, Tahara A, Maeda-Ogata S, Sugiyama Y, Honda A, Igata S, Nakamura T, Sun J, Kurata S, Fujimoto K, Abe T, Matsui T, Yamagishi SI, Fukumoto Y. Two-hour postload plasma glucose and pigment epithelium-derived factor levels are markers of coronary artery inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1352-1364. [PMID: 31407236 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously found that pioglitazone attenuates inflammation in the left main trunk of coronary artery (LMT), evaluated as target-to-background ratio (TBR) by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES We assessed which clinical variables could predict the change in TBR in the LMT after 4-month add-on therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). METHODS A total of 38 type 2 diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis who had already received OHAs except for pioglitazone was enrolled. At baseline and 4 months after add-on therapy with pioglitazone or glimepiride, all patients underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, blood chemistry analysis, and FDG-PET/CT. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-minutes postload plasma glucose, HbA1c, and LMT-TBR values were significantly decreased by add-on therapy, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin levels were increased. Increased serum levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a marker of insulin resistance and non-use of aspirin at baseline could predict the favorable response of LMT-TBR to add-on therapy. Moreover, Δ120-minutes postload plasma glucose and ΔPEDF were independent correlates of ΔLMT-TBR. CONCLUSIONS Our present study suggests that 120-minutes postload plasma glucose and PEDF values may be markers and potential therapeutic targets of coronary artery inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00722631. New markers for diabetes and CAD is on the horizon! Two-hour postload plasma glucose and pigment epithelium derived factor are markers of coronary artery inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Tahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Nitta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Munehisa Bekki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shoko Maeda-Ogata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sugiyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiro Honda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Igata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Seiji Kurata
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminori Fujimoto
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshi Abe
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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36
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McGrory CL, Ryan KM, Gallagher B, McLoughlin DM. Vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelial-derived factor in the peripheral response to ketamine. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:380-383. [PMID: 32560932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant but its mechanism remains unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor growth factor (VEGF) has been reported in the antidepressant action of ketamine in rodents. VEGF and pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) signalling are closely linked and both are dysregulated in depression. We explored the effect of a single infusion of ketamine, with midazolam as comparison, on peripheral whole blood mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and PEDF, and the VEGFA/PEDF ratio, in patients with depression. METHODS Twenty-five patients with depression were randomised to either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg) infusions over 40 min. Blood plasma samples were taken 1 h before the first infusion and 4 h after the infusion start. mRNA was extracted and qRT-PCR performed to analyse gene expression. RESULTS Single infusions of ketamine and midazolam both decreased depression scores (F(1,21) = 102.40, p < 0.000). There was a significant group × time interaction for VEGFA mRNA levels (F(1, 21) = 5.207, p = 0.029), with ketamine increasing VEGFA levels. There was no significant effect of either ketamine or midazolam on PEDF levels. There was a significant group × time interaction for VEGFA/PEDF mRNA ratio, with ketamine alone increasing this ratio (F(1, 11) = 12.085, p = 0.005). LIMITATIONS Patients were on psychotropic medication and continued treatment as usual throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results support a role for VEGF in the action of ketamine and suggest a novel role for VEGF/PEDF in the molecular response to ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L McGrory
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bronagh Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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37
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Toms D, Al-Ani A, Sunba S, Tong QYV, Workentine M, Ungrin M. Automated Hypothesis Generation to Identify Signals Relevant in the Development of Mammalian Cell and Tissue Bioprocesses, With Validation in a Retinal Culture System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:534. [PMID: 32582664 PMCID: PMC7287043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an accessible software tool (receptoR) to predict potentially active signaling pathways in one or more cell type(s) of interest from publicly available transcriptome data. As proof-of-concept, we applied it to mouse photoreceptors, yielding the previously untested hypothesis that activin signaling pathways are active in these cells. Expression of the type 2 activin receptor (Acvr2a) was experimentally confirmed by both RT-qPCR and immunochemistry, and activation of this signaling pathway with recombinant activin A significantly enhanced the survival of magnetically sorted photoreceptors in culture. Taken together, we demonstrate that our approach can be easily used to mine publicly available transcriptome data and generate hypotheses around receptor expression that can be used to identify novel signaling pathways in specific cell types of interest. We anticipate that receptoR (available at https://www.ucalgary.ca/ungrinlab/receptoR) will enable more efficient use of limited research resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al-Ani
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Leaders in Medicine Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Saud Sunba
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Qing Yun Victor Tong
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Spatiotemporal regulation of PEDF signaling by type I collagen remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11450-11458. [PMID: 32385162 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004034117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix affects many cellular processes, either directly or indirectly, through the regulation of soluble ligands; however, the mechanistic details of this process remain largely unknown. Here we propose that type I collagen remodeling regulates the receptor-binding activity of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a widely expressed secreted glycoprotein that has multiple important biological functions in tissue and organ homeostasis. We determined the crystal structure of PEDF in complex with a disulfide cross-linked heterotrimeric collagen peptide, in which the α(I) chain segments-each containing the respective PEDF-binding region (residues 930 to 938)-are assembled with an α2α1α1 staggered configuration. The complex structure revealed that PEDF specifically interacts with a unique amphiphilic sequence, KGHRGFSGL, of the type I collagen α1 chain, with its proposed receptor-binding sites buried extensively. Molecular docking demonstrated that the PEDF-binding surface of type I collagen contains the cross-link-susceptible Lys930 residue of the α1 chain and provides a good foothold for stable docking with the α1(I) N-telopeptide of an adjacent triple helix in the fibril. Therefore, the binding surface is completely inaccessible if intermolecular crosslinking between two crosslink-susceptible lysyl residues, Lys9 in the N-telopeptide and Lys930, is present. These structural analyses demonstrate that PEDF molecules, once sequestered around newly synthesized pericellular collagen fibrils, are gradually liberated as collagen crosslinking increases, making them accessible for interaction with their target cell surface receptors in a spatiotemporally regulated manner.
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Figueroa AG, McKay BS. A G-Protein Coupled Receptor and Macular Degeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040910. [PMID: 32276449 PMCID: PMC7226737 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The risk of AMD increases with age and is most common among the white population. Here, we discuss the convergence of factors related to race, pigmentation, and susceptibility to AMD, where the primary defect occurs in retinal support cells, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We explore whether the observed racial bias in AMD incidence is related to innate differences in the basal level of pigmentation between races, and whether the pigmentation pathway activity in the RPE might protect from retinal degeneration. More specifically, we explore whether the downstream signaling activity of GPR143, a G-protein coupled receptor in the pigmentation pathway, might underly the racial bias of AMD and be a target to prevent the disease. Lastly, we summarize the past findings of a large retrospective study that investigated the relationship between the stimulation of GPR143 with L-DOPA, the pigmentation pathway, and AMD, to potentially help develop new ways to prevent or treat AMD. The reader of this review will come to understand the racial bias of AMD, which is related to the function of the RPE.
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40
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Yamagishi SI, Koga Y, Sotokawauchi A, Hashizume N, Fukahori S, Matsui T, Yagi M. Therapeutic Potential of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:313-324. [PMID: 30892156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the serine protease inhibitors with multifunctional properties, which is produced by various types of organs and tissues. There is an accumulating body of evidence that PEDF plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, PEDF not only works as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, but also suppresses oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans. Furthermore, we, along with others, have found that PEDF inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptotic cell death in, numerous kinds of tumors. In addition, circulating as well as tumor expression levels of PEDF have been inversely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. These observations suggest that supplementation of PEDF proteins and/or enhancement of endogenous PEDF expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this paper, we review the effects of PEDF on diverse types of cancer, and discuss its therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Hernandez M, Recalde S, Garcia-Garcia L, Bezunartea J, Miskey C, Johnen S, Diarra S, Sebe A, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Pouillot S, Marie C, Izsvák Z, Scherman D, Kropp M, Prosper F, Thumann G, Ivics Z, Garcia-Layana A, Fernandez-Robredo P. Preclinical Evaluation of a Cell-Based Gene Therapy Using the Sleeping Beauty Transposon System in Choroidal Neovascularization. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 15:403-417. [PMID: 31890733 PMCID: PMC6909167 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disorder characterized by imbalanced pro- and antiangiogenic signals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ex vivo cell-based gene therapy with stable expression of human pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) release using the non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB100X) transposon system delivered by miniplasmids free of antibiotic resistance markers (pFAR4). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells were co-transfected with pFAR4-inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) CMV-PEDF-BGH and pFAR4-CMV-SB100X-SV40 plasmids. Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was performed in rats, and transfected primary cells (transfected RPE [tRPE] and transfected IPE [tIPE] cells) were injected into the subretinal space. The leakage and CNV areas, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PEDF protein expression, metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2/9), and microglial/macrophage markers were measured. Injection with tRPE/IPE cells significantly reduced the leakage area at 7 and 14 days and the CNV area at 7 days. There was a significant increase in PEDF and the PEDF/VEGF ratio with tRPE cells and a reduction in the MMP-2 activity. Our data demonstrated that ex vivo non-viral gene therapy reduces CNV and could be an effective and safe therapeutic option for angiogenic retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Garcia-Garcia
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Csaba Miskey
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Diarra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Attila Sebe
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | | | - Corinne Marie
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Martina Kropp
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Area of Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Layana
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Abstract
The cornea is a transparent outermost structure of the eye anterior segment comprising the highest density of innervated tissue. In the process of corneal innervation, trigeminal ganglion originated corneal nerves diligently traverse different corneal cell types in different corneal layers including the corneal stroma and epithelium. While crossing the stromal and epithelial cell layers during innervation, due to the existing physical contacts, close interactions occur between stromal keratocytes, epithelial cells, resident immune cells and corneal nerves. Furthermore, by producing various trophic and growth factors corneal cells assist in maintaining the growth and function of corneal nerves. Similarly, corneal nerve generated growth factors critically modify the corneal cell function in all the corneal layers. Due to their close association and contacts, on-going cross-communication between these cell types and corneal nerves play a vital role in the modulation of corneal nerve function, regeneration during wound healing. The present review highlights the influence of different corneal cell types and growth factors released from these cells on corneal nerve regeneration and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Kowtharapu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
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43
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Ribaux P, Britan A, Thumann G, Delie F, Petignat P, Cohen M. Malignant ascites: a source of therapeutic protein against ovarian cancer? Oncotarget 2019; 10:5894-5905. [PMID: 31666922 PMCID: PMC6800269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Some ovarian cancer patients present large amount of ascites at the time of diagnosis which may play an active role in tumor development. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that the acellular fraction of ascites can induce apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. The current study identifies pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) as the molecule responsible for the apoptotic effect of ascites and evaluates the Sleeping Beauty transposon (SBT) system as a new tool for PEDF gene therapy against ovarian cancer. We utilize gel filtration, mass spectrometry, affinity column, cell viability assay, tumor development on chick chorioallantoic membrane and molecular biology techniques for these purposes. PEDF was thus identified as the agent responsible for the effects of ascites on ovarian cancer cell viability and tumor growth. Interestingly, the PEDF expression is decreased in ovarian cancer cells compared to healthy ovarian cells. However, the level of PEDF is higher in ascites than in serum of ovarian cancer patients suggesting that cells present in the tumor environment are able to secrete PEDF. We then used the SBT system to stably induce PEDF expression in ovarian cancer cells. The overexpression of PEDF significantly reduced the tumor growth derived from these cells. In conclusion, the results presented here establish that PEDF is a therapeutic target and that PEDF from ascites or SBT could be utilized as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Ribaux
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1206, Switzerland.,Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Britan
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Petignat
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1206, Switzerland.,Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
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44
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Li X, Liu J, Hoh J, Liu J. Müller cells in pathological retinal angiogenesis. Transl Res 2019; 207:96-106. [PMID: 30639368 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Müller cells are the major glial cells spanning the entire layer of the retina and maintaining retinal structure. Under pathological conditions, Müller cells are involved in retinal angiogenesis, a process of growing new blood vessels from pre-existing capillaries. In response to hypoxia, high glucose, and inflammation conditions, multiple signaling pathways are activated in Müller cells, followed by the increased production of proangiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, Netrin-4, and angiopoietin-like 4. Expression of antiangiogenic factors is also downregulated in Müller cells. Besides, proliferation and dedifferentiation of Müller cells facilitates retinal angiogenesis. In this review, we summarized molecular mechanisms of Müller cells-related retinal angiogenesis. The potential of Müller cells as a therapeutic target for retinal angiogenesis was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Taishan Medical College, Taian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Josephine Hoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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45
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Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. Pigment epithelium-derived factor mediates retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by suppression of caspase-2. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30718480 PMCID: PMC6362048 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo rapid cell death by apoptosis after injury but can be rescued by suppression of caspase-2 (CASP2) using an siRNA to CASP2 (siCASP2). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), has neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic functions and protects RGC from death. The purpose of this study was to investigate if suppression of CASP2 is a possible mechanism of neuroprotection by PEDF in RGC. Adult rat retinal cells were treated in vitro with sub-optimal and optimal concentrations of siCASP2 and PEDF and levels of CASP2 mRNA and RGC survival were then quantified. Optic nerve crush (ONC) injury followed by intravitreal injections of siCASP2 or PEDF and eye drops of PEDF-34 were also used to determine CASP2 mRNA and protein reduction. Results showed that PEDF and PEDF-34 significantly suppressed CASP2 mRNA in culture, by 1.85- and 3.04-fold, respectively, and increased RGC survival by 63.2 ± 3.8% and 81.9 ± 6.6%, respectively compared to cells grown in Neurobasal-A alone. RGC survival was significantly reduced in glial proliferation inhibited and purified RGC cultures suggesting that some of the effects of PEDF were glia-mediated. In addition, intravitreal injection of PEDF and eye drops of PEDF-34 after ONC also suppressed CASP2 mRNA levels by 1.82- and 3.89-fold and cleaved caspase-2 (C-CASP2) protein levels by 4.98- and 8.93-fold compared to ONC + PBS vehicle groups, respectively, without affecting other executioner caspases. Treatment of retinal cultures with PEDF and PEDF-34 promoted the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTF) into the culture media, of which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) caused the greatest reduction in CASP2 mRNA and C-CASP2 protein. The neuroprotective effects of PEDF were blocked by a polyclonal antibody and PEDF suppressed key elements in the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, this study shows that some of the RGC neuroprotective effects of PEDF is regulated through suppression of CASP2 and downstream apoptotic signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthy Vigneswara
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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46
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Chen Y, Yang J, Geng H, Li L, Li J, Cheng B, Ma X, Li H, Hou L. Photoreceptor degeneration in microphthalmia ( Mitf) mice: partial rescue by pigment epithelium-derived factor. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/1/dmm035642. [PMID: 30651300 PMCID: PMC6361154 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction and loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are hallmarks of retinal degeneration, but the underlying pathogenetic processes are only partially understood. Using mice with a null mutation in the transcription factor gene Mitf, in which RPE deficiencies are associated with retinal degeneration, we evaluated the role of trophic factors secreted by the RPE in retinal homeostasis. In such mice, the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) is as in wild type up to postnatal day 10, but then is progressively reduced, associated with a marked increase in the number of apoptotic cells and a decline in staining for rhodopsin. We show that retinal degeneration and decrease in rhodopsin staining can be prevented partially in three different ways: first, by recombining mutant-derived postnatal retina with postnatal wild-type RPE in tissue explant cultures; second, by adding to cultured mutant retina the trophic factor pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF; also known as SERPINF1), which is normally produced in RPE under the control of Mitf; and third, by treating the eyes of Mitf mutant mice in vivo with drops containing a bioactive PEDF 17-mer peptide. This latter treatment also led to marked increases in a number of rod and cone genes. The results indicate that RPE-derived trophic factors, in particular PEDF, are instrumental in retinal homeostasis, and suggest that PEDF or its bioactive fragments may have therapeutic potential in RPE deficiency-associated retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Huiqin Geng
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Liping Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Bing Cheng
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Xiaoyin Ma
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
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47
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Delplace V, Ortin-Martinez A, Tsai ELS, Amin AN, Wallace V, Shoichet MS. Controlled release strategy designed for intravitreal protein delivery to the retina. J Control Release 2019; 293:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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48
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Ma S, Wang S, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhu P. The effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor on atherosclerosis: putative mechanisms of the process. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:240. [PMID: 30326915 PMCID: PMC6192115 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is believed to be the major cause of CVD, characterized by atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque disruption. Although remarkable advances in understanding the mechanisms of atherosclerosis have been made, the application of these theories is still limited in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, novel and effective strategies to treat high-risk patients with atherosclerosis require further development. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic and anti-tumorigenic properties, is of considerable interest in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Accumulating research has suggested that PEDF exerts beneficial effects on atherosclerotic lesions and CVD patients. Our group, along with colleagues, has demonstrated that PEDF may be associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and that the polymorphisms of rs8075977 of PEDF are correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, we have explored the anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of PEDF, showing that oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) reduced PEDF concentrations through the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that D-4F can protect endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury by preventing the downregulation of PEDF. Additionally, PEDF might alleviate endothelial injury by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These data suggest that PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of PEDF in the development of atherosclerosis, focusing on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. We will also discuss its promising therapeutic implications for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Ma
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Cadre Clinic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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49
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Carnagarin R, Elahy M, Dharmarajan AM, Dass CR. Insulin antagonises pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-induced modulation of lineage commitment of myocytes and heterotrophic ossification. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:159-166. [PMID: 29258756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive bone defects arising as a result of trauma, infection and tumour resection and other bone pathologies necessitates the identification of effective strategies in the form of tissue engineering, gene therapy and osteoinductive agents to enhance the bone repair process. PEDF is a multifunctional glycoprotein which plays an important role in regulating osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. PEDF treatment of mice and human skeletal myocytes at physiological concentration inhibited myogenic differentiation and activated Erk1/2 MAPK- dependent osteogenic transdifferentiation of myocytes. In mice, insulin, a promoter of bone regeneration, attenuated PEDF-induced expression of osteogenic markers such as osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and mineralisation for bone formation in the muscle and surrounding adipose tissue. These results provide new insights into the molecular aspects of the antagonising effect of insulin on PEDF-dependent modulation of the differentiation commitment of musculoskeletal environment into osteogenesis, and suggest that PEDF may be developed as an effective clinical therapy for bone regeneration as its heterotopic ossification can be controlled via co-administration of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia; Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Mina Elahy
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, 6102, Australia; Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia.
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50
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Baxter-Holland M, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a key mediator in bone homeostasis and potential for bone regenerative therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1127-1138. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional endogenous glycoprotein, has a very wide range of biological actions, notably in bone homeostasis. The question has been raised regarding the place of PEDF in the treatment of bone disorders and osteosarcoma, and its potential for tumour growth suppression.
Methods
The PubMed database was used to compile this review.
Key findings
Pigment epithelium-derived factor's actions in osteoid tissues include promoting mesenchymal stem cell commitment to osteoblasts, increasing matrix mineralisation, and promoting osteoblast proliferation. It shows potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in treatment of multiple cancer types and regrowth of bone after trauma or resection in animal studies. PEDF may possibly have a reduced adverse effect profile compared with current osteo-regenerative treatments; however, there is currently very limited evidence regarding the safety or efficacy in human models.
Summary
Pigment epithelium-derived factor is very active within the body, particularly in osseous tissue, and its physiological actions give it potential for treatment of both bone disorders and multiple tumour types. Further research is needed to ascertain the adverse effects and safety profile of PEDF as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Baxter-Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
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