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Wei LN. CRABP1-mediated non-canonical retinoic acid signaling in motor neurons and neural stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1169-1170. [PMID: 37905848 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Feng YR, Zhang Q, Miao JK, Yang T, Chen J, Chen HY, Mou QH, Xiang XL, Long D, Wei QH, Wu Y, Li TY. Association of the retinol to all-trans retinoic acid pathway with autism spectrum disorder. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00815-0. [PMID: 38789720 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Research has highlighted a close association between the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway and ASD. This study investigates alterations in the vitamin A (VA, retinol) to RA metabolic pathway in children with ASD and speculates on the underlying reasons for these changes. We propose a subtype characterized by downregulated RA signaling in ASD, laying the groundwork for precise diagnosis and treatment research. METHODS We included 489 children with ASD and 280 typically developing (TD) children. Those with ASD underwent evaluations of core symptoms and neuro-developmental levels, which were conducted by professional developmental behavior physicians using assessment scales. Serum VA and all-trans RA (atRA) levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The expression levels and concentrations of enzyme molecules such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Children with ASD exhibited reduced serum atRA, accompanied by a downregulation of atRA synthesis enzymes. The reduction in serum atRA levels was linked not only to VA levels but also to the aberrant expression of metabolic enzymes responsible for atRA. Furthermore, the serum atRA levels in children with ASD were more strongly correlated with core symptoms and neurodevelopmental levels than VA levels. CONCLUSION Children with ASD exhibited a dual regulation of reduced serum atRA levels, influenced by both VA levels and abnormal expression of atRA metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Feng
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Kun Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children' Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Mou
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Li Xiang
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Long
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wei
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No 136, 2nd Zhongshan Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Wang G, Li Z, Wang G, Sun Q, Lin P, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang T, Cui F, Zhong Z. Advances in Engineered Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Enhancing Angiogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4377-4409. [PMID: 38774029 PMCID: PMC11108071 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels, is a natural defensive mechanism that aids in the restoration of oxygen and nutrition delivery to injured brain tissue after an ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis, by increasing vessel development, may maintain brain perfusion, enabling neuronal survival, brain plasticity, and neurologic recovery. Induction of angiogenesis and the formation of new vessels aid in neurorepair processes such as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Advanced nano drug delivery systems hold promise for treatment stroke by facilitating efficient transportation across the the blood-brain barrier and maintaining optimal drug concentrations. Nanoparticle has recently been shown to greatly boost angiogenesis and decrease vascular permeability, as well as improve neuroplasticity and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke. We describe current breakthroughs in the development of nanoparticle-based treatments for better angiogenesis therapy for ischemic stroke employing polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanoparticles in this study. We outline new nanoparticles in detail, review the hurdles and strategies for conveying nanoparticle to lesions, and demonstrate the most recent advances in nanoparticle in angiogenesis for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Wang
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongchen Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Penglai People’s Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 265600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Lin
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huishu Zhang
- Teaching Center of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Teaching Center of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongshuai Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyun Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
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Battaglini M, Marino A, Montorsi M, Carmignani A, Ceccarelli MC, Ciofani G. Nanomaterials as Microglia Modulators in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304180. [PMID: 38112345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, acting as housekeepers and defenders of the surrounding environment. These cells can elicit their functions by shifting into two main phenotypes: pro-inflammatory classical phenotype, M1, and anti-inflammatory alternative phenotype, M2. Despite their pivotal role in CNS homeostasis, microglia phenotypes can influence the development and progression of several CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and even brain cancer. It is thus clear that the possibility of modulating microglia activation has gained attention as a therapeutic tool against many CNS pathologies. Nanomaterials are an unprecedented tool for manipulating microglia responses, in particular, to specifically target microglia and elicit an in situ immunomodulation activity. This review focuses the discussion on two main aspects: analyzing the possibility of using nanomaterials to stimulate a pro-inflammatory response of microglia against brain cancer and introducing nanostructures able to foster an anti-inflammatory response for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The final aim is to stimulate the analysis of the development of new microglia nano-immunomodulators, paving the way for innovative and effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Battaglini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Margherita Montorsi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessio Carmignani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ceccarelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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5
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Yuan X, Chen L, Saffen D. Allele-Specific Regulation of the Candidate Autism Liability Gene RAI1 by the Enhancer Variant rs4925102 ( C/G). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:460. [PMID: 38674394 PMCID: PMC11049881 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1) is a dosage-sensitive gene that causes autistic phenotypes when deleted or duplicated. Observations from clinical cases and animal models also suggest that changes of RAI1 expression levels contribute to autism. Previously, we used a bioinformatic approach to identify several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the 5'-region of RAI1 that correlate with RAI1 mRNA expression in the human brain. In particular, the SNP rs4925102 was identified as a candidate cis-acting regulatory variant, the genotype of which may affect the binding of transcription factors that influence RAI1 mRNA expression. In this study, we provide experimental evidence based on reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and chromatin conformation capture (3C) assays that rs4925102 regulates RAI1 mRNA expression in an allele-specific manner in human cell lines, including the neuroblastoma-derived cell line SH-SY5Y. We also describe a statistically significant association between rs4925102 genotype and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis in a case-control study and near-statistically significant association in an Autism Genome Project (AGP) transmission disequilibrium (TDT) study using Caucasian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yuan
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - David Saffen
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Wang S, Chakraborty S, Fu Y, Lee MP, Liu J, Waldhaus J. 3D reconstruction of the mouse cochlea from scRNA-seq data suggests morphogen-based principles in apex-to-base specification. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00196-5. [PMID: 38593801 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the mammalian auditory system, frequency discrimination depends on numerous morphological and physiological properties of the organ of Corti, which gradually change along the apex-to-base (tonotopic) axis of the organ. For example, the basilar membrane stiffness changes tonotopically, thus affecting the tuning properties of individual hair cells. At the molecular level, those frequency-specific characteristics are mirrored by gene expression gradients; however, the molecular mechanisms controlling tonotopic gene expression in the mouse cochlea remain elusive. Through analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from E12.5 and E14.5 time points, we predicted that morphogens, rather than a cell division-associated mechanism, confer spatial identity in the extending cochlea. Subsequently, we reconstructed the developing cochlea in 3D space from scRNA-seq data to investigate the molecular pathways mediating positional information. The retinoic acid (RA) and hedgehog pathways were found to form opposing apex-to-base gradients, and functional interrogation using mouse cochlear explants suggested that both pathways jointly specify the longitudinal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yujuan Fu
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary P Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Waldhaus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Zhang C, Ge L, Xie H, Liu X, Xun C, Chen Y, Chen H, Lu M, Chen P. Retinoic acid induced specific changes in the phosphoproteome of C17.2 neural stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18205. [PMID: 38506089 PMCID: PMC10951872 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, is an effective cell differentiating factor which plays critical roles in neuronal differentiation induction and the production of neurotransmitters in neurons. However, the specific changes in phosphorylation levels and downstream signalling pathways associated with RA remain unclear. This study employed qualitative and quantitative phosphoproteomics approaches based on mass spectrometry to investigate the phosphorylation changes induced by RA in C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs). Dimethyl labelling, in conjunction with TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment, was utilized to profile the phosphoproteome of self-renewing and RA-induced differentiated cells in C17.2 NSCs. The results of our study revealed that, qualitatively, 230 and 14 phosphoproteins were exclusively identified in the self-renewal and RA-induced groups respectively. Quantitatively, we successfully identified and quantified 177 unique phosphoproteins, among which 70 exhibited differential phosphorylation levels. Analysis of conserved phosphorylation motifs demonstrated enrichment of motifs corresponding to cyclin-dependent kinase and MAPK in the RA-induced group. Additionally, through a comprehensive literature and database survey, we found that the differentially expressed proteins were associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo signalling pathways. This work sheds light on the changes in phosphorylation levels induced by RA in C17.2 NSCs, thereby expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying RA-induced neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Lite Ge
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated HospitalHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Huali Xie
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Chengfeng Xun
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Yan Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Ming Lu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Ping Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaPR China
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Wang W, Ji Y, Dong Z, Liu Z, Chen S, Dai L, Su X, Jiang Q, Deng H. Characterizing neuroinflammation and identifying prenatal diagnostic markers for neural tube defects through integrated multi-omics analysis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:257. [PMID: 38461288 PMCID: PMC10924416 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations of the central nervous system resulting from the incomplete closure of the neural tube during early embryonic development. Neuroinflammation refers to the inflammatory response in the nervous system, typically resulting from damage to neural tissue. Immune-related processes have been identified in NTDs, however, the detailed relationship and underlying mechanisms between neuroinflammation and NTDs remain largely unclear. In this study, we utilized integrated multi-omics analysis to explore the role of neuroinflammation in NTDs and identify potential prenatal diagnostic markers using a murine model. METHODS Nine public datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress were mined using integrated multi-omics analysis to characterize the molecular landscape associated with neuroinflammation in NTDs. Special attention was given to the involvement of macrophages in neuroinflammation within amniotic fluid, as well as the dynamics of macrophage polarization and their interactions with neural cells at single-cell resolution. We also used qPCR assay to validate the key TFs and candidate prenatal diagnostic genes identified through the integrated analysis in a retinoic acid-induced NTDs mouse model. RESULTS Our analysis indicated that neuroinflammation is a critical pathological feature of NTDs, regulated both transcriptionally and epigenetically within central nervous system tissues. Key alterations in gene expression and pathways highlighted the crucial role of STATs molecules in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in regulating NTDs-associated neuroinflammation. Furthermore, single-cell resolution analysis revealed significant polarization of macrophages and their interaction with neural cells in amniotic fluid, underscoring their central role in mediating neuroinflammation associated with NTDs. Finally, we identified a set of six potential prenatal diagnostic genes, including FABP7, CRMP1, SCG3, SLC16A10, RNASE6 and RNASE1, which were subsequently validated in a murine NTDs model, indicating their promise as prospective markers for prenatal diagnosis of NTDs. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in the progression of NTDs and underlines the potential of specific inflammatory and neural markers as novel prenatal diagnostic tools. These findings provide important clues for further understanding the underlying mechanisms between neuroinflammation and NTDs, and offer valuable insights for the future development of prenatal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhexu Dong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Cao DL, Ma LJ, Jiang BC, Gu Q, Gao YJ. Cytochrome P450 26A1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:293-309. [PMID: 37639183 PMCID: PMC10912416 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 proteins (CYP450s) have been implicated in catalyzing numerous important biological reactions and contribute to a variety of diseases. CYP26A1, a member of the CYP450 family, carries out the oxidative metabolism of retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A. Here we report that CYP26A1 was dramatically upregulated in the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL). CYP26A1 was mainly expressed in spinal neurons and astrocytes. HPLC analysis displayed that the content of all-trans-RA (at-RA), the substrate of CYP26A1, was reduced in the spinal cord on day 7 after SNL. Inhibition of CYP26A1 by siRNA or inhibition of CYP26A1-mediated at-RA catabolism by talarozole relieved the SNL-induced mechanical allodynia during the maintenance phase of neuropathic pain. Talarozole also reduced SNL-induced glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine production but increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production. The RA receptors RARα, RXRβ, and RXRγ were expressed in spinal neurons and glial cells. The promoter of Il-10 has several binding sites for RA receptors, and at-RA directly increased Il-10 mRNA expression in vitro. Finally, intrathecal IL-10 attenuated SNL-induced neuropathic pain and reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Collectively, the inhibition of CYP26A1-mediated at-RA catabolism alleviates SNL-induced neuropathic pain by promoting the expression of IL-10 and suppressing glial activation. CYP26A1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Cao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ling-Jie Ma
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Bao-Chun Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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Achary AS, Mahapatra C. Reactive nitrogen species-mediated cell proliferation during tail regeneration and retinoic acid as a putative modulator of tissue regeneration in the geckos. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203901. [PMID: 38278363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), a mediator of nitrosative stress, plays a vital role during wound healing but its role during tissue regeneration is poorly understood. In the present study, the role of RNS was investigated post-tail autotomy and limb amputation in a gecko species, Hemidactylus murrayi Gleadow, 1887. Tail autotomy led to an increased expression of iNOS and nitrosative stress leading to protein S-nitrosylation that probably restricted the acute inflammatory response caused by wounding. Increased nitrosative stress was also associated with proliferation of the wound epithelium and the tail blastema. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) caused retarded growth and structural abnormalities in the regenerating tail while peroxynitrite inhibitor (FeTmPyp) arrested tail regeneration. Spermine NONOate and retinoic acid, used as NO donors generated small outgrowths post-amputation of limbs with an increased number of proliferating cells and s-nitrosylation indicating the role of nitric oxide signalling in cell proliferation during regeneration. Additionally, retinoic acid treatment caused regeneration of nerve, muscle and adipose tissue in the regenerated limb structure 105 days post-amputation suggesting it to be a putative modulator of tissue regeneration in the non-regenerating limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarada Achary
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
| | - Cuckoo Mahapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India.
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11
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Senovilla-Ganzo R, García-Moreno F. The Phylotypic Brain of Vertebrates, from Neural Tube Closure to Brain Diversification. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2024; 99:45-68. [PMID: 38342091 DOI: 10.1159/000537748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phylotypic or intermediate stages are thought to be the most evolutionary conserved stages throughout embryonic development. The contrast with divergent early and later stages derived from the concept of the evo-devo hourglass model. Nonetheless, this developmental constraint has been studied as a whole embryo process, not at organ level. In this review, we explore brain development to assess the existence of an equivalent brain developmental hourglass. In the specific case of vertebrates, we propose to split the brain developmental stages into: (1) Early: Neurulation, when the neural tube arises after gastrulation. (2) Intermediate: Brain patterning and segmentation, when the neuromere identities are established. (3) Late: Neurogenesis and maturation, the stages when the neurons acquire their functionality. Moreover, we extend this analysis to other chordates brain development to unravel the evolutionary origin of this evo-devo constraint. SUMMARY Based on the existing literature, we hypothesise that a major conservation of the phylotypic brain might be due to the pleiotropy of the inductive regulatory networks, which are predominantly expressed at this stage. In turn, earlier stages such as neurulation are rather mechanical processes, whose regulatory networks seem to adapt to environment or maternal geometries. The later stages are also controlled by inductive regulatory networks, but their effector genes are mostly tissue-specific and functional, allowing diverse developmental programs to generate current brain diversity. Nonetheless, all stages of the hourglass are highly interconnected: divergent neurulation must have a vertebrate shared end product to reproduce the vertebrate phylotypic brain, and the boundaries and transcription factor code established during the highly conserved patterning will set the bauplan for the specialised and diversified adult brain. KEY MESSAGES The vertebrate brain is conserved at phylotypic stages, but the highly conserved mechanisms that occur during these brain mid-development stages (Inducing Regulatory Networks) are also present during other stages. Oppositely, other processes as cell interactions and functional neuronal genes are more diverse and majoritarian in early and late stages of development, respectively. These phenomena create an hourglass of transcriptomic diversity during embryonic development and evolution, with a really conserved bottleneck that set the bauplan for the adult brain around the phylotypic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Senovilla-Ganzo
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Moreno
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Beltran AS. Novel Approaches to Studying SLC13A5 Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38392976 PMCID: PMC10890222 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the sodium citrate transporter (NaCT) SLC13A5 is multifaceted and context-dependent. While aberrant dysfunction leads to neonatal epilepsy, its therapeutic inhibition protects against metabolic disease. Notably, insights regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are limited due to the intricacy and complexity of the latent human physiology, which is poorly captured by existing animal models. This review explores innovative technologies aimed at bridging such a knowledge gap. First, I provide an overview of SLC13A5 variants in the context of human disease and the specific cell types where the expression of the transporter has been observed. Next, I discuss current technologies for generating patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their inherent advantages and limitations, followed by a summary of the methods for differentiating iPSCs into neurons, hepatocytes, and organoids. Finally, I explore the relevance of these cellular models as platforms for delving into the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SLC13A5-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Lozovska A, Korovesi AG, Duarte P, Casaca A, Assunção T, Mallo M. The control of transitions along the main body axis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 159:272-308. [PMID: 38729678 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Although vertebrates display a large variety of forms and sizes, the mechanisms controlling the layout of the basic body plan are substantially conserved throughout the clade. Following gastrulation, head, trunk, and tail are sequentially generated through the continuous addition of tissue at the caudal embryonic end. Development of each of these major embryonic regions is regulated by a distinct genetic network. The transitions from head-to-trunk and from trunk-to-tail development thus involve major changes in regulatory mechanisms, requiring proper coordination to guarantee smooth progression of embryonic development. In this review, we will discuss the key cellular and embryological events associated with those transitions giving particular attention to their regulation, aiming to provide a cohesive outlook of this important component of vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Casaca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tereza Assunção
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Moises Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, Oeiras, Portugal.
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14
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Aslan D, Soztutar E, Ay H. Adverse effects of maternal retinyl palmitate, a vitamin A compound, on the fetal liver. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:529-534. [PMID: 36200141 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Consuming high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy may lead to malformations in the offspring. Some reports state that low doses that do not cause macroscopic abnormalities may result in mental and behavioral disorders. However, there are few studies on the microscopic effects of these doses on the organism. Objective: The aim was to investigate the effects of early prenatal exposure to different doses of oral vitamin A on the fetal liver. Materials and methods: Twenty-five pregnant rats, divided into five groups, received oral vitamin A at doses of 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, and 200,000 IU/kg between days 10 and 12 of gestation. The fetuses were collected on day 19 of gestation, their livers were dissected, and histology, apoptosis, and proliferation were examined by hematoxylin-eosin, TUNEL assay, and Ki67 immunolabeling using stereological methods. Results: Vitamin A decreased fetal liver volume, the number of Ki67-positive cells per unit volume, and the total number of hepatocytes at all doses except 10,000 IU/kg (p<0.001). Consequently, apoptosis was significantly higher in the groups receiving 100,000 and 200,000 IU/kg vitamin A (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that vitamin A administered during gestation days 10-12 has a suppressive effect on the developing rat liver when the dose exceeds 10,000 IU/kg, probably due to increased apoptosis and suppressed cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Soztutar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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15
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Dabrock A, Ernesti N, Will F, Rana M, Leinung N, Ehrich P, Tronnier V, Zechel C. RAR-Dependent and RAR-Independent RXR Signaling in Stem-like Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16466. [PMID: 38003656 PMCID: PMC10671216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) exerts pleiotropic effects during neural development and regulates homeostasis in the adult human brain. The RA signal may be transduced through RXR (retinoid-X receptor)-non-permissive RA receptor/RXR heterodimers or through RXR-permissive RXR heterodimers. The significance of RA signaling in malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and gliosarcoma (GS) is poorly understood. In particular, the impact RA has on the proliferation, survival, differentiation, or metabolism of GBM- or GS-derived cells with features of stem cells (SLGCs) remains elusive. In the present manuscript, six GBM- and two GS-derived SLGC lines were analyzed for their responsiveness to RAR- and RXR-selective agonists. Inhibition of proliferation and initiation of differentiation were achieved with a RAR-selective pan-agonist in a subgroup of SLGC lines, whereas RXR-selective pan-agonists (rexinoids) supported proliferation in most SLGC lines. To decipher the RAR-dependent and RAR-independent effects of RXR, the genes encoding the RAR or RXR isotypes were functionally inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing in an IDH1-/p53-positive SLGC line with good responsiveness to RA. Stemness, differentiation capacity, and growth behavior were preserved after editing. Taken together, this manuscript provides evidence about the positive impact of RAR-independent RXR signaling on proliferation, survival, and tumor metabolism in SLGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dabrock
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Natalie Ernesti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Will
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manaf Rana
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadja Leinung
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Phillip Ehrich
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Volker Tronnier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Zechel
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University Lübeck, Marie-Curie Strasse 66, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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16
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Est CB, Murphy RM. An in vitro model for vitamin A transport across the human blood-brain barrier. eLife 2023; 12:RP87863. [PMID: 37934575 PMCID: PMC10629827 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A, supplied by the diet, is critical for brain health, but little is known about its delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs) differentiated from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) form a tight barrier that recapitulates many of the properties of the human BBB. We paired iPSC-derived BMECs with recombinant vitamin A serum transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and transthyretin (TTR), to create an in vitro model for the study of vitamin A (retinol) delivery across the human BBB. iPSC-derived BMECs display a strong barrier phenotype, express key vitamin A metabolism markers, and can be used for quantitative modeling of retinol accumulation and permeation. Manipulation of retinol, RBP, and TTR concentrations, and the use of mutant RBP and TTR, yielded novel insights into the patterns of retinol accumulation in, and permeation across, the BBB. The results described herein provide a platform for deeper exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of retinol trafficking to the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler B Est
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
| | - Regina M Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadisonUnited States
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17
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Cavaleiro C, Afonso GJM, Oliveira PJ, Valero J, Mota SI, Ferreiro E. Urine-derived stem cells in neurological diseases: current state-of-the-art and future directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1229728. [PMID: 37965041 PMCID: PMC10642248 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1229728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have potential applications in the field of neurological diseases, as they allow for the development of new biological models. These models can improve our understanding of the underlying pathologies and facilitate the screening of new therapeutics in the context of precision medicine. Stem cells have also been applied in clinical tests to repair tissues and improve functional recovery. Nevertheless, although promising, commonly used stem cells display some limitations that curb the scope of their applications, such as the difficulty of obtention. In that regard, urine-derived cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, their obtaining can be challenging due to the low yield and complexity of the multi-phased and typically expensive differentiation protocols. As an alternative, urine-derived stem cells (UDSCs), included within the population of urine-derived cells, present a mesenchymal-like phenotype and have shown promising properties for similar purposes. Importantly, UDSCs have been differentiated into neuronal-like cells, auspicious for disease modeling, while overcoming some of the shortcomings presented by other stem cells for these purposes. Thus, this review assesses the current state and future perspectives regarding the potential of UDSCs in the ambit of neurological diseases, both for disease modeling and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra I. Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Cheng B, Sun Q, Li X, Xiao M, Wei X, Wang S. Vitamin A deficiency from maternal gestation may contribute to autistic-like behaviors and gastrointestinal dysfunction in rats through the disrupted purine and tryptophan metabolism. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114520. [PMID: 37268252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in multiple studies, and autistic children with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been found to have lower VA levels than those without GI symptoms. However, the exact mechanism by which VAD causes both core symptoms and GI symptoms in ASD is ill defined. We constructed VAD and vitamin A normal (VAN) rat models from maternal gestation onwards. Autism-related behaviors were tested using the open-field test and the three-chamber test, and GI function was assessed with the GI transit time, the colonic transit time and fecal water content. Untargeted metabolomic analysis on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and fecal samples was performed. VAD rats displayed autistic-like behaviors and impaired GI function compared to VAN rats. Metabolic profiles of both PFC and feces from VAD and VAN rats were significantly different. The differential metabolites in both PFC and feces between the VAN and VAD rats were mostly enriched in the purine metabolic pathway. Moreover, the most significantly affected metabolic pathway in PFC of VAD rats was the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, and the most remarkably altered metabolic pathway in the feces of VAD rats was the tryptophan metabolism pathway. These results indicate that VAD starting from maternal gestation might be linked to core symptoms of ASD and its GI co-occurring disorders through the purine and tryptophan-related metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boli Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qunying Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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19
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Camdzic M, Aga DS, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Cellular Lipidome Changes during Retinoic Acid (RA)-Induced Differentiation in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Comprehensive In Vitro Model for Assessing Neurotoxicity of Contaminants. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:110-120. [PMID: 37614295 PMCID: PMC10443778 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cell line, is a common in vitro model used to study physiological neuronal function and the neuronal response to different stimuli, including exposure to toxic chemicals. These cells can be differentiated to neuron-like cells by administration of various reagents, including retinoic acid or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Despite their common use, there is an incomplete understanding of the molecular changes that occur during differentiation. Therefore, there is a critical need to fully understand the molecular changes that occur during differentiation to properly study neurotoxicity in response to various environmental exposures. Previous studies have investigated the proteome and transcriptome during differentiation; however, the regulation of the cellular lipidome in this process is unexplored. In this work, we conducted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted lipidomics in undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, induced by retinoic acid. We show that there are global differences between the cellular lipidomes of undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Out of thousands of features detected in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, 44 species were identified that showed significant differences (p-value ≤0.05, fold change ≥2) in differentiated cells. Identification of these features combined with targeted lipidomics highlighted the accumulation of phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids during differentiation while triacylglycerols were depleted. These results provide important insights into lipid-related changes that occur during cellular differentiation of SH-5YSY cells and emphasize the need for the detailed characterization of biochemical differences that occur during differentiation while using this in vitro model for assessing ecological impacts of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Camdzic
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Diana S. Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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20
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Marie A, Kinet R, Helbling JC, Darricau M, Alfos S, Di Miceli M, Angelo MF, Foury A, Richard E, Trifilieff P, Mallet NP, Bosch-Bouju C. Impact of dietary vitamin A on striatal function in adult rats. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23037. [PMID: 37392372 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300133r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The striatum is a brain structure involved in the control of voluntary movement. Striatum contains high amounts of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, as well as retinoid receptors, RARβ and RXRγ. Previous studies revealed that disruption of retinoid signaling initiated during development is deleterious for striatal physiology and related motor functions. However, the alteration of retinoid signaling, and the importance of vitamin A supply during adulthood on striatal physiology and function has never been established. In the present study, we investigated the impact of vitamin A supply on striatal function. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with three specific diets, either sub-deficient, sufficient, or enriched in vitamin A (0.4, 5, and 20 international units [IU] of retinol per g of diet, respectively) for 6 months. We first validated that vitamin A sub-deficient diet in adult rats constitutes a physiological model of retinoid signaling reduction in the striatum. We then revealed subtle alterations of fine motor skills in sub-deficient rats using a new behavioral apparatus specifically designed to test forepaw reach-and-grasp skills relying on striatal function. Finally, we showed using qPCR analysis and immunofluorescence that the striatal dopaminergic system per se was not affected by vitamin A sub-deficiency at adult age. Rather, cholinergic synthesis in the striatum and μ-opioid receptor expression in striosomes sub-territories were the most affected by vitamin A sub-deficiency starting at adulthood. Taken together these results revealed that retinoid signaling alteration at adulthood is associated with motor learning deficits together with discrete neurobiological alterations in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Marie
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rémi Kinet
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Morgane Darricau
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Alfos
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | - Aline Foury
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Richard
- INSERM, U1035, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas P Mallet
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Özel F, Rüegg J. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and implications for neurodevelopment. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:1005-1011. [PMID: 36808586 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Human brain development is a complex multistep process that is partly coordinated by the endocrine system. Any interference with the endocrine system might affect this process and result in deleterious outcomes. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a large group of exogenous chemicals with the capacity of interfering with endocrine functions. In different population-based settings, associations between exposure to EDCs, particularly in prenatal life, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes have been demonstrated. These findings are strengthened by numerous experimental studies. Although mechanisms underlying these associations are not entirely delineated, disruption of thyroid hormone and, to a lesser extent, sex hormone signalling have been shown to be involved. Humans are constantly exposed to mixtures of EDCs, and further research combining epidemiological and experimental settings is required to improve our understanding of the link between real-life exposures to these chemicals and their impact on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Özel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Women's Mental Health during the Reproductive Lifespan-WOMHER, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Liu S, Ji Y, Li H, Ren L, Zhu J, Yang T, Li X, Yao J, Cao X, Yan B. EYE-503: A Novel Retinoic Acid Drug for Treating Retinal Neurodegeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1033. [PMID: 37513944 PMCID: PMC10386480 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration is a major cause of vision loss. Retinoic acid signaling is critical for the maintenance of retinal function, and its dysfunction can cause retinal neurodegeneration. However, the therapeutic effects of retinoic acid drugs on retinal neurodegeneration remain unclear. In this study, we designed a novel retinoic acid drug called EYE-503 and investigated its therapeutic effects of EYE-503 on retinal neurodegeneration. The optic nerve crush (ONC) model was selected for the retinal neurodegeneration study. H&E staining, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and visual electrophysiology assays were performed to determine the role of EYE-503 in retinal neurodegeneration in vivo. The CCK-8 assay, EdU incorporation assay, PI staining, and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the effects of EYE-503 administration on retinal neurodegeneration in vitro. The potential mechanism of EYE-503 in retinal neurodegeneration was investigated by network pharmacology and Western blots. The results showed that EYE-503 administration had no detectable cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity. EYE-503 administration alleviated ONC-induced retinal injury and optic nerve injury in vivo. EYE-503 administration attenuated retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, inhibited reactive gliosis, and retarded the progression of retinal neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, EYE-503 regulated retinal neurodegeneration by targeting the JNK/p38 signaling pathway. This study suggests that EYE-503 is a promising therapeutic agent for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuke Ji
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junya Zhu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianjing Yang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiumiao Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Han PP, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Enriched environment-induced neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1210361. [PMID: 37484824 PMCID: PMC10360187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease that can interrupt local blood flow in the brain, causing neuronal damage or even death, resulting in varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. Neuroplasticity is an important neurological function that helps neurons reorganize and regain function after injury. After cerebral ischemia, neuroplasticity changes are critical factors for restoring brain function. An enriched environment promotes increased neuroplasticity, thereby aiding stroke recovery. In this review, we discuss the positive effects of the enriched environment on neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia, including synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. In addition, we also introduce some studies on the clinical application of enriched environments in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, hoping that they can provide some inspiration for doctors and therapists looking for new approaches to stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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24
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Watanabe Y, Takeda H, Honda N, Hanajima R. A bioinformatic investigation of proteasome and autophagy expression in the central nervous system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18188. [PMID: 37519643 PMCID: PMC10375789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) are crucial in the control of protein quality. However, data regarding the relative significance of UPS and ALP in the central nervous system (CNS) are limited. In the present study, using publicly available data, we computed the quantitative expression status of UPS- and ALP-related genes and their products in the CNS as compared with that in other tissues and cells. We obtained human and mouse gene expression datasets from the reference expression dataset (RefEx) and Genevestigator (a tool for handling curated transcriptomic data from public repositories) as well as human proteomics data from the proteomics database (ProteomicsDB). The expression levels of genes and proteins in four categories-ubiquitin, proteasome, autophagy, and lysosome--in the cells and tissues were assessed. Perturbation of the gene expression by drugs was also analyzed for the four categories. Compared with that for ubiquitin, autophagy, and lysosome, gene expression for proteasome was consistently lower in the CNS of mice but was more pronounced in humans. Neural stem cells and neurons showed low proteasome gene expression as compared with embryonic stem cells. Proteomic analyses, however, did not show trends similar to those observed in the gene expression analyses. Perturbation analyses revealed that azithromycin and vitamin D3 upregulated the expression of both UPS and ALP. Gene and proteomic expression data could offer a fresh perspective on CNS pathophysiology. Our results indicate that disproportional expression of UPS and ALP might affect CNS disorders and that this imbalance might be redressed by several therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Corresponding author. Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan.
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25
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Kang JB, Koh PO. Retinoic Acid Has Neuroprotective effects by Modulating Thioredoxin in Ischemic Brain Damage and Glutamate-exposed Neurons. Neuroscience 2023; 521:166-181. [PMID: 37149281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder that causes pathological changes by increasing oxidative stress. Retinoic acid is one of the metabolites of vitamin A. It regulates oxidative stress and exerts neuroprotective effects. Thioredoxin is a small redox protein with antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether retinoic acid modulates the expression of thioredoxin in ischemic brain injury. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to adult male rats for four days prior to surgery. MCAO induced neurological deficits and increased oxidative stress and retinoic acid attenuated these changes. Retinoic acid ameliorated the MCAO-induced decrease in thioredoxin expression. MCAO decreases the interaction between thioredoxin and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and retinoic acid treatment alleviates this decrease. Glutamate (5 mM) exposure induced cell death and decreased thioredoxin expression in cultured neurons. Retinoic acid treatment attenuated these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Retinoic acid prevented the decrease of bcl-2 expression and the increase of bax expression caused by glutamate exposure. Moreover, retinoic acid attenuated the increases in caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c in glutamate-exposed neurons. However, the mitigation effects of retinoic acid were lower in thioredoxin siRNA-transfected neurons than in non-transfected neurons. These results demonstrate that retinoic acid regulates oxidative stress and thioredoxin expression, maintains the interaction between thioredoxin and ASK1, and modulates apoptosis-associated proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects by regulating thioredoxin expression and modulating apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
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26
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Bruno L, Evariste L, Houdeau E. Dysregulation along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A possible environmental factor promoting obesity-related metabolic disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121795. [PMID: 37187281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Food additives are one major hallmark of ultra-processed food in the Western-diet, a food habit often associated with metabolic disorders. Among these additives, the whitener and opacifying agent titanium dioxide (TiO2) raises public health issues due to the ability of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to cross biological barriers and accumulate in different systemic organs like spleen, liver and pancreas. However before their systemic passage, the biocidal properties of TiO2 NPs may alter the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, which play a crucial role for the development and maintenance of immune functions. Once absorbed, TiO2 NPs may further interact with immune intestinal cells involved in gut microbiota regulation. Since obesity-related metabolic diseases such as diabetes are associated with alterations in the microbiota-immune system axis, this raises questions about the possible involvement of long-term exposure to food-grade TiO2 in the development or worsening of these diseases. The current purpose is to review the dysregulations along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral TiO2 exposure compared to those reported in obese or diabetic patients, and to highlight potential mechanisms by which foodborne TiO2 NPs may increase the susceptibility to develop obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamas Bruno
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of Intestinal Barrier, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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27
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Duan L, Li X, Ji R, Hao Z, Kong M, Wen X, Guan F, Ma S. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems: An Inspiring Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2196. [PMID: 37177342 PMCID: PMC10181407 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are common, incurable neurological disorders with high prevalence, and lead to memory, movement, language, and intelligence impairments, threatening the lives and health of patients worldwide. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a physiological barrier between the central nervous system and peripheral blood circulation, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intracerebral environment by strictly regulating the transport of substances between the blood and brain. Therefore, it is difficult for therapeutic drugs to penetrate the BBB and reach the brain, and this affects their efficacy. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as drug transport carriers and are also known as nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs). These systems not only increase the stability of drugs but also facilitate the crossing of drugs through the BBB and improve their efficacy. In this article, we provided an overview of the types and administration routes of NPs, highlighted the preclinical and clinical studies of NDDSs in neurodegenerative diseases, and summarized the combined therapeutic strategies in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the prospects and challenges of NDDSs in recent basic and clinical research were also discussed. Above all, NDDSs provide an inspiring therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.D.); (X.L.); (R.J.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xingfan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.D.); (X.L.); (R.J.); (Z.H.)
| | - Rong Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.D.); (X.L.); (R.J.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhizhong Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.D.); (X.L.); (R.J.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mingyue Kong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.D.); (X.L.); (R.J.); (Z.H.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.D.); (X.L.); (R.J.); (Z.H.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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28
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Blaize JL, Noori BM, Hunter KP, Henrikson KA, Atoyan JA, Ardito AA, Donovan FX, Chandrasekharappa SC, Schindler D, Howlett NG. Differential Regulation of Retinoic Acid Metabolism in Fanconi Anemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535759. [PMID: 37066159 PMCID: PMC10104110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by heterogeneous congenital abnormalities and increased risk for bone marrow failure and cancer. FA is caused by mutation of any one of 23 genes, the protein products of which function primarily in the maintenance of genome stability. An important role for the FA proteins in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) has been established in vitro . While the endogenous sources of ICLs relevant to the pathophysiology of FA have yet to be clearly determined, a role for the FA proteins in a two-tier system for the detoxification of reactive metabolic aldehydes has been established. To discover new metabolic pathways linked to FA, we performed RNA-seq analysis on non-transformed FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) and FANCD2-complemented patient cells. Multiple genes associated with retinoic acid metabolism and signaling were differentially expressed in FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) patient cells, including ALDH1A1 and RDH10 , which encode for retinaldehyde and retinol dehydrogenases, respectively. Increased levels of the ALDH1A1 and RDH10 proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting. FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) patient cells displayed increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity compared to the FANCD2-complemented cells. Upon exposure to retinaldehyde, FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) cells exhibited increased DNA double-strand breaks and checkpoint activation indicative of a defect in the repair of retinaldehyde-induced DNA damage. Our findings describe a novel link between retinoic acid metabolism and FA and identify retinaldehyde as an additional reactive metabolic aldehyde relevant to the pathophysiology of FA.
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29
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Est CB, Murphy RM. An in vitro model for vitamin A transport across the human blood-brain barrier. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536348. [PMID: 37090623 PMCID: PMC10120720 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A, supplied by the diet, is critical for brain health, but little is known about its delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs) differentiated from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) form a tight barrier that recapitulates many of the properties of the human BBB. We paired iPSC-derived BMECs with recombinant vitamin A serum transport proteins, retinol binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR), to create an in vitro model for the study of vitamin A (retinol) delivery across the human BBB. iPSC-derived BMECs display a strong barrier phenotype, express key vitamin A metabolism markers and can be used for quantitative modeling of retinol accumulation and permeation. Manipulation of retinol, RBP and TTR concentrations, and the use of mutant RBP and TTR, yielded novel insights into the patterns of retinol accumulation in, and permeation across, the BBB. The results described herein provide a platform for deeper exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of retinol trafficking to the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina M. Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706
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Christianson JP. An Insula-Enriched Regulator of Retinoic Acid Marks a New Intersection in the Neural Circuitry of Mouse Social Behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:262-264. [PMID: 37002691 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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31
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Fedoseyeva VB, Novosadova EV, Nenasheva VV, Novosadova LV, Grivennikov IA, Tarantul VZ. Activation of Embryonic Gene Transcription in Neural Precursor Cells Derived from the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of the Patients with Parkinson's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:515-525. [PMID: 37080937 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Despite numerous studies, the causes of this pathology remain completely unknown. This is, among other things, due to the difficulty of obtaining biological material for analysis. Neural cell cultures derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) provide a great potential for studying molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of PD. This paper presents the results of bioinformatic analysis of the data obtained using RNA-seq technology in the study of neural precursors (NP) derived from IPSCs of the healthy donors and patients with PD carrying various mutations that are commonly associated with familial PD. This analysis showed that the level of transcription of multiple genes actively expressed in the nervous system at the embryonic stage of development was significantly increased in the NP cells obtained from the patients with PD, unlike in the case of healthy donors. Bioinformatic data have been, in general, confirmed using real-time PCR. The obtained data suggest that one of the causes of PD may be the shift of the gene expression pattern in neuronal cells towards embryonic gene expression pattern (termed dematuration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viya B Fedoseyeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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32
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Kubickova B, Martinkova S, Bohaciakova D, Nezvedova M, Liu R, Brozman O, Spáčil Z, Hilscherova K. Effects of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro. Toxicology 2023; 487:153461. [PMID: 36805303 PMCID: PMC10019519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are known sources of environmentally-occurring retinoid compounds, including all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids (RAs). The developmental hazard for aquatic organisms has been described, while the implications for human health hazard assessment are not yet sufficiently characterized. Here, we employ a human neural stem cell model that can differentiate in vitro into a mixed culture of neurons and glia. Cells were exposed to non-cytotoxic 8-1000 nM all-trans or 9-cis RA for 9-18 days (DIV13 and DIV22, respectively). Impact on biomarkers was analyzed on gene expression (RT-qPCR) and protein level (western blot and proteomics) at both time points; network patterning (immunofluorescence) on DIV22. RA exposure significantly concentration-dependently increased gene expression of retinoic acid receptors and the metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1, confirming the chemical-specific response of the model. Expression of thyroid hormone signaling-related genes remained mostly unchanged. Markers of neural progenitors/stem cells (PAX6, SOX1, SOX2, NESTIN) were decreased with increasing RA concentrations, though a basal population remained. Neural markers (DCX, TUJ1, MAP2, NeuN, SYP) remained unchanged or were decreased at high concentrations (200-1000 nM). Conversely, (astro-)glial marker S100β was increased concentration-dependently on DIV22. Together, the biomarker analysis indicates an RA-dependent promotion of glial cell fates over neural differentiation, despite the increased abundance of neural protein biomarkers during differentiation. Interestingly, RA exposure induced substantial changes to the cell culture morphology: while low concentrations resulted in a network-like differentiation pattern, high concentrations (200-1000 nM RA) almost completely prevented such network patterning. After functional confirmation for implications in network function, such morphological features could present a proxy for network formation assessment, an apical key event in (neuro-)developmental Adverse Outcome Pathways. The described application of a human in vitro model for (developmental) neurotoxicity to emerging environmentally-relevant retinoids contributes to the evidence-base for the use of differentiating human in vitro models for human health hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kubickova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarka Martinkova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Nezvedova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Runze Liu
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Brozman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Spáčil
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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33
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Zhao H, Han Z, Yang R, Li Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Liu X. Isolation and identification of pigment substances in orange feet of Paphia textile. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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34
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Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020415. [PMID: 36829974 PMCID: PMC9952129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss, impaired learning and thinking, and difficulty in performing regular daily activities. Despite nearly two decades of collective efforts to develop novel medications that can prevent or halt the disease progression, we remain faced with only a few options with limited effectiveness. There has been a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrition in brain health as we begin to gain a better understanding of what and how nutrients affect hormonal and neural actions that not only can lead to typical cardiovascular or metabolic diseases but also an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are elements that are indispensable for functions including nutrient metabolism, immune surveillance, cell development, neurotransmission, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most common vitamins and minerals and discuss what current studies have revealed on the link between these essential micronutrients and cognitive performance or AD.
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35
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Carlsen H, Ebihara K, Kuwata NH, Kuwata K, Aydemir G, Rühl R, Blomhoff R. A transgenic reporter mouse model for in vivo assessment of retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activation. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:29-41. [PMID: 33928787 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin A is essential for a wide range of life processes throughout embryogenesis to adult life. With the aim of developing an in vivo model to monitor retinoic acid receptor (RAR) transactivation real-time in intact animals, we generated transgenic mice carrying a luciferase (luc) reporter gene under the control of retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) consisting of three copies of a direct repeat with five spacing nucleotides (DR5). Methods: Transgenic mice carrying a RARE dependent luciferase reporter flanked with insulator sequence were generated by pronuclear injection. RARE dependent luciferase activity was detected by in vivo imaging or in tissue extracts following manipulations with RAR/retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, RAR antagonists or in vitamin A deficient mice. Results: We found a strong induction of luciferase activity in a time and dose dependent manner by retinoic acid as well as RAR agonists, but not by the RXR agonist (using n=4-6 per group; 94 mice). In addition, luciferase activity was strongly reduced in vitamin A-deficient mice (n=6-9; 30 mice). These observations confirm that luciferase activity was controlled by RAR activation in the RARE-luc mouse. Luciferase activity was detectable in various organs, with high activity especially in brain and testis, indicating strong retinoid signalling in these tissues. Conclusion: The RARE-luc transgenic mice, which enabled real-time in vivo assessment of RAR activation, will be useful in understanding the normal physiology of vitamin A, the role of retinoid signalling in pathologies as well as to evaluate pharmacological ligands for RARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kanae Ebihara
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nobuyo H Kuwata
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kazuhisa Kuwata
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gamze Aydemir
- Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Määttä A, Nixon R, Robinson N, Ambler CA, Goncalves K, Maltman V, Przyborski S. Regulation of epidermal proliferation and hair follicle cycling by synthetic photostable retinoid EC23. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1658-1669. [PMID: 36718827 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid signaling is an important regulator of the epidermis and skin appendages. Therefore, synthetic retinoids have been developed for therapeutic use for skin disorders such as psoriasis and acne. AIMS In previous studies, we showed how the photostable retinoid EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in stem cell-like cell populations, and here, we aim to investigate its ability to influence epidermal and hair follicle growth. METHODS EC23 influence on skin biology was investigated initially in cultures of monolayer keratinocytes and three-dimentional in vitro models of skin, and finally in in vivo studies of mice back skin. RESULTS EC23 induces keratinocyte hyperproliferation in vitro and in vivo, and when applied to mouse skin increases the number of involucrin-positive suprabasal cell layers. These phenotypic changes are similar in skin treated with the natural retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); however, EC23 is more potent; a tenfold lower dose of EC23 is sufficient to induce epidermal thickening, and resulting hyperproliferation is sustained for a longer time period after first dose. EC23 treatment resulted in a disorganized stratum corneum, reduced cell surface lipids and compromised barrier, similar to ATRA treatment. However, EC23 induces a rapid telogen to anagen transition and hair re-growth in 6-week-old mice with synchronously resting back skin follicles. The impact of EC23 on the hair cycle was surprising as similar results have not been seen with ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that synthetic retinoid EC23 is a useful tool in exploring the turnover and differentiation of cells and has a potent effect on skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Määttä
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Rebecca Nixon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Neil Robinson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, UK
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Fatima MT, Bhat AA, Nisar S, Fakhro KA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. The role of dietary antioxidants in type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders: An assessment of the benefit profile. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12698. [PMID: 36632095 PMCID: PMC9826852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy diet is vital to cellular health. The human body succumbs to numerous diseases which afflict severe economic and psychological burdens on the patient and family. Oxidative stress is a possible crucial regulator of various pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger the dysregulation of essential cellular functions, ultimately affecting cellular health and homeostasis. However, lower levels of ROS can be advantageous and are implicated in a variety of signaling pathways. Due to this dichotomy, the terms oxidative "eustress," which refers to a good oxidative event, and "distress," which can be hazardous, have developed. ROS affects multiple signaling pathways, leading to compromised insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. ROS is also associated with increased mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, aggravating neurodegenerative conditions in the body, particularly with age. Treatment includes drugs/therapies often associated with dependence, side effects including non-selectivity, and possible toxicity, particularly in the long run. It is imperative to explore alternative medicines as an adjunct therapy, utilizing natural remedies/resources to avoid all the possible harms. Antioxidants are vital components of our body that fight disease by reducing oxidative stress or nullifying the excess toxic free radicals produced under various pathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant effects of components of dietary foods such as tea, coffee, wine, oils, and honey and the role and mechanism of action of these antioxidants in alleviating type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. We aim to provide information about possible alternatives to drug treatments used alone or combined to reduce drug intake and encourage the consumption of natural ingredients at doses adequate to promote health and combat pathologies while reducing unwanted risks and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tamkeen Fatima
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Adnan Fakhro
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar,Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Sarah Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author.
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Hilt ZT, Charles W, Cheng KE, Tabilas C, Steinhilber M, Wesnak SP, Smith NL, Schaffer CB, Rudd BD. Cutting Edge: CCR9 Promotes CD8+ T Cell Recruitment to the Brain during Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2281-2286. [PMID: 36469843 PMCID: PMC9886274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrate the brain during congenital CMV infection and promote viral clearance. However, the mechanisms by which CD8+ T cells are recruited to the brain remain unclear. Using a mouse model of congenital CMV, we found a gut-homing chemokine receptor (CCR9) was preferentially expressed in CD8+ T cells localized in the brain postinfection. In the absence of CCR9 or CCL25 (CCR9's ligand) expression, CD8+ T cells failed to migrate to key sites of infection in the brain and protect the host from severe forms of disease. Interestingly, we found that expression of CCR9 on CD8+ T cells was also responsible for spatial temporal positioning of T cells in the brain. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the CMV-infected brain uses a similar mechanism for CD8+ T cell homing as the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Hilt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Wisler Charles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katarina E. Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cybelle Tabilas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Megan Steinhilber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Samantha P. Wesnak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Norah L. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Atalay N, Balci N, Toygar HU, Yardimci G, Gürsoy UK. Serum, saliva, and gingival tissue human β-defensin levels in relation to retinoic acid use. J Periodontol 2022; 94:597-605. [PMID: 36440958 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid is an active derivative of vitamin A and regulates the differentiation, proliferation, and antimicrobial peptide expression profiles of human cells. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of systemic retinoic acid use on serum, saliva, and gingival tissue levels of human β-defensin (hBD)-1, hBD-2, and hBD-3. METHODS A total of 69 participants (34 systemic retinoic acid users and 35 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. Plaque index, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment loss were measured. Saliva and serum hBD-1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gingival tissue hBD-1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. A univariate general linear model was used in adjusted comparisons of hBD1, hBD-2, and hBD-3. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Reduced salivary levels of hBD-2 (P = 0.042), but not hBD-1 or hBD-3, were detected in systemic retinoic acid users compared to non-user controls. There was a significant difference in the adjusted (for BOP%) salivary hBD-2 concentrations between retinoic acid and control groups (P = 0.031). No difference was observed in serum or tissue levels of hBD-1, hBD-2, or hBD-3 between the two study groups. CONCLUSION Systemic retinoic acid use was associated with suppressed salivary hBD-2 level, which was independent of gingival inflammation. KEY FINDINGS Systemic retinoic acid use associates with suppressed salivary hBD-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atalay
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nur Balci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Uslu Toygar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yardimci
- Department of Dermatology, Medipol University Esenler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Hidayat AS, Lefebvre KA, MacDonald J, Bammler T, Aluru N. Symptomatic and asymptomatic domoic acid exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealed distinct non-overlapping gene expression patterns in the brain. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106310. [PMID: 36198224 PMCID: PMC9701550 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA) is a naturally produced neurotoxin synthesized by marine diatoms in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. DA accumulates in filter-feeders such as shellfish, and can cause severe neurotoxicity when contaminated seafood is ingested, resulting in Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans. Overt clinical signs of neurotoxicity include seizures and disorientation. ASP is a significant public health concern, and though seafood regulations have effectively minimized the human risk of severe acute DA poisoning, the effects of exposure at asymptomatic levels are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to symptomatic and asymptomatic doses of DA on gene expression patterns in the zebrafish brain. We exposed adult zebrafish to either a symptomatic (1.1 ± 0.2 μg DA/g fish) or an asymptomatic (0.31 ± 0.03 µg DA/g fish) dose of DA by intracelomic injection and sampled at 24, 48 and 168 h post-injection. Transcriptional profiling was done using Agilent and Affymetrix microarrays. Our analysis revealed distinct, non-overlapping changes in gene expression between the two doses. We found that the majority of transcriptional changes were observed at 24 h post-injection with both doses. Interestingly, asymptomatic exposure produced more persistent transcriptional effects - in response to symptomatic dose exposure, we observed only one differentially expressed gene one week after exposure, compared to 26 in the asymptomatic dose at the same time (FDR <0.05). GO term analysis revealed that symptomatic DA exposure affected genes associated with peptidyl proline modification and retinoic acid metabolism. Asymptomatic exposure caused differential expression of genes that were associated with GO terms including circadian rhythms and visual system, and also the neuroactive ligand-receptor signaling KEGG pathway. Overall, these results suggest that transcriptional responses are specific to the DA dose and that asymptomatic exposure can cause long-term changes. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential downstream neurobehavioral impacts of DA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia S Hidayat
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA; Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Kathi A Lefebvre
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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Kim SH, An K, Namkung H, Saito A, Rannals MD, Moore JR, Mihaljevic M, Saha S, Oh S, Kondo MA, Ishizuka K, Yang K, Maher BJ, Niwa M, Sawa A. Anterior Insula-Associated Social Novelty Recognition: Pivotal Roles of a Local Retinoic Acid Cascade and Oxytocin Signaling. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 180:305-317. [PMID: 36128683 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in social cognition consistently underlie functional disabilities in a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that the anterior insula is a "common core" brain region that is impaired across neurological and psychiatric disorders, which include social cognition deficits. Nevertheless, neurobiological mechanisms of the anterior insula for social cognition remain elusive. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. METHODS To determine the role of the anterior insula in social cognition, the authors manipulated expression of Cyp26B1, an anterior insula-enriched molecule that is crucial for retinoic acid degradation and is involved in the pathology of neuropsychiatric conditions. Social cognition was mainly assayed using the three-chamber social interaction test. Multimodal analyses were conducted at the molecular, cellular, circuitry, and behavioral levels. RESULTS At the molecular and cellular level, anterior insula-mediated social novelty recognition is maintained by proper activity of the layer 5 pyramidal neurons, for which retinoic acid-mediated gene transcription can play a role. The authors also demonstrate that oxytocin influences the anterior insula-mediated social novelty recognition, although not by direct projection of oxytocin neurons, nor by direct diffusion of oxytocin to the anterior insula, which contrasts with the modes of oxytocin regulation onto the posterior insula. Instead, oxytocin affects oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, where serotonergic neurons are projected to the anterior insula. Furthermore, the authors show that serotonin 5-HT2C receptor expressed in the anterior insula influences social novelty recognition. CONCLUSIONS The anterior insula plays a pivotal role in social novelty recognition that is partly regulated by a local retinoic acid cascade but also remotely regulated by oxytocin via a long-range circuit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hong Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Kyongman An
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Ho Namkung
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Matthew D Rannals
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - James R Moore
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Sneha Saha
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Seyun Oh
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Mari A Kondo
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Kun Yang
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Brady J Maher
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Minae Niwa
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
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Enteric Neural Network Assembly Was Promoted by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vitamin A but Inhibited by Epidermal Growth Factor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182841. [PMID: 36139415 PMCID: PMC9496868 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending well beyond the original use of propagating neural precursors from the central nervous system and dorsal root ganglia, neurosphere medium (NSM) and self-renewal medium (SRM) are two distinct formulas with widespread popularity in enteric neural stem cell (ENSC) applications. However, it remains unknown what growth factors or nutrients are crucial to ENSC development, let alone whether the discrepancy in their components may affect the outcomes of ENSC culture. Dispersed enterocytes from murine fetal gut were nurtured in NSM, SRM or their modifications by selective component elimination or addition to assess their effects on ENSC development. NSM generated neuriteless neurospheres, whereas SRM, even deprived of chicken embryo extract, might wire ganglia together to assemble neural networks. The distinct outcomes came from epidermal growth factor, which inhibited enteric neuronal wiring in NSM. In contrast, basic fibroblast growth factor promoted enteric neurogenesis, gangliogenesis, and neuronal wiring. Moreover, vitamin A derivatives might facilitate neuronal maturation evidenced by p75 downregulation during ENSC differentiation toward enteric neurons to promote gangliogenesis and network assembly. Our results might help to better manipulate ENSC propagation and differentiation in vitro, and open a new avenue for the study of enteric neuronal neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Gomez RL, Woods LM, Ramachandran R, Abou Tayoun AN, Philpott A, Ali FR. Super-enhancer associated core regulatory circuits mediate susceptibility to retinoic acid in neuroblastoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943924. [PMID: 36147741 PMCID: PMC9485839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumour that accounts for more than 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. High-risk tumours are often difficult to treat, and patients' survival chances are less than 50%. Retinoic acid treatment is part of the maintenance therapy given to neuroblastoma patients; however, not all tumours differentiate in response to retinoic acid. Within neuroblastoma tumors, two phenotypically distinct cell types have been identified based on their super-enhancer landscape and transcriptional core regulatory circuitries: adrenergic (ADRN) and mesenchymal (MES). We hypothesized that the distinct super-enhancers in these different tumour cells mediate differential response to retinoic acid. To this end, three different neuroblastoma cell lines, ADRN (MYCN amplified and non-amplified) and MES cells, were treated with retinoic acid, and changes in the super-enhancer landscape upon treatment and after subsequent removal of retinoic acid was studied. Using ChIP-seq for the active histone mark H3K27ac, paired with RNA-seq, we compared the super-enhancer landscape in cells that undergo neuronal differentiation in response to retinoic acid versus those that fail to differentiate and identified unique super-enhancers associated with neuronal differentiation. Among the ADRN cells that respond to treatment, MYCN-amplified cells remain differentiated upon removal of retinoic acid, whereas MYCN non-amplified cells revert to an undifferentiated state, allowing for the identification of super-enhancers responsible for maintaining differentiation. This study identifies key super-enhancers that are crucial for retinoic acid-mediated differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshna Lawrence Gomez
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura M. Woods
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Center, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Revathy Ramachandran
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad N. Abou Tayoun
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Al Jalila Genomics Center, Al Jalila Children’s Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna Philpott
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Center, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad R. Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Jehan C, Cartier D, Bucharles C, Anouar Y, Lihrmann I. Emerging roles of ER-resident selenoproteins in brain physiology and physiopathology. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102412. [PMID: 35917681 PMCID: PMC9344019 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has a very high oxygen consumption rate and is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. It is also the last organ to suffer from a loss of selenium (Se) in case of deficiency. Se is a crucial trace element present in the form of selenocysteine, the 21st proteinogenic amino acid present in selenoproteins, an essential protein family in the brain that participates in redox signaling. Among the most abundant selenoproteins in the brain are glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which reduces lipid peroxides and prevents ferroptosis, and selenoproteins W, I, F, K, M, O and T. Remarkably, more than half of them are proteins present in the ER and recent studies have shown their involvement in the maintenance of ER homeostasis, glycoprotein folding and quality control, redox balance, ER stress response signaling pathways and Ca2+ homeostasis. However, their molecular functions remain mostly undetermined. The ER is a highly specialized organelle in neurons that maintains the physical continuity of axons over long distances through its continuous distribution from the cell body to the nerve terminals. Alteration of this continuity can lead to degeneration of distal axons and subsequent neuronal death. Elucidation of the function of ER-resident selenoproteins in neuronal pathophysiology may therefore become a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. Here we summarize what is currently known about each of their molecular functions and their impact on the nervous system during development and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Jehan
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differenciation and Communication Laboratory, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dorthe Cartier
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differenciation and Communication Laboratory, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bucharles
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differenciation and Communication Laboratory, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differenciation and Communication Laboratory, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Lihrmann
- Rouen-Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differenciation and Communication Laboratory, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France.
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
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Antitumor Effects of a New Retinoate of the Fungal Cytotoxin Illudin M in Brain Tumor Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169056. [PMID: 36012321 PMCID: PMC9408991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the fungal metabolite illudin M (1) is indiscriminately cytotoxic in cancer and non-malignant cells, its retinoate 2 showed a greater selectivity for the former, especially in a cerebral context. Illudin M killed malignant glioma cells as well as primary neurons and astrocytes at similarly low concentrations and destroyed their microtubule and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) networks. In contrast, the ester 2 was distinctly more cytotoxic in highly dedifferentiated U87 glioma cells than in neurons, which were even stimulated to enhanced growth. This was also observed in co-cultures of neurons with U87 cells where conjugate 2 eventually killed them by induction of differentiation based on the activation of nuclear receptors, which bind to retinoid-responsive elements (RARE). Hence, illudin M retinoate 2 appears to be a promising drug candidate.
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Timilsina S, Kirsch-Mangu T, Werth S, Shepard B, Ma T, Villa-Diaz LG. Enhanced self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells by simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35787634 PMCID: PMC9253108 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic study on the biological effects of simulated microgravity (sµg) on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) is still lacking. Here, we used a fast-rotating 2-D clinostat to investigate the sµg effect on proliferation, self-renewal, and cell cycle regulation of hPSCs. We observed significant upregulation of protein translation of pluripotent transcription factors in hPSC cultured in sµg compared to cells cultured in 1g conditions. In addition to a significant increase in expression of telomere elongation genes. Differentiation experiments showed that hPSC cultured in sµg condition were less susceptible to differentiation compared to cells in 1g conditions. These results suggest that sµg enhances hPSC self-renewal. Our study revealed that sµg enhanced the cell proliferation of hPSCs by regulating the expression of cell cycle-associated kinases. RNA-seq analysis indicated that in sµg condition the expression of differentiation and development pathways are downregulated, while multiple components of the ubiquitin proteasome system are upregulated, contributing to an enhanced self-renewal of hPSCs. These effects of sµg were not replicated in human fibroblasts. Taken together, our results highlight pathways and mechanisms in hPSCs vulnerable to microgravity that imposes significant impacts on human health and performance, physiology, and cellular and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Timilsina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - T Kirsch-Mangu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - S Werth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - B Shepard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - T Ma
- Department of Computer Science, Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - L G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Hu B, Lin ZY, Zou RP, Gan YW, Ji JM, Guo JX, Li WG, Guo YJ, Xu HQ, Sun DL, Yi M. Dietary Zinc Intake Affects the Association Between Dietary Vitamin A and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913132. [PMID: 35845773 PMCID: PMC9280433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary vitamin A concentrations correlate with depression. Zinc has been reported to be associated with lower depression. In addition, zinc is an important cofactor in the activation of vitamin A. However, there are few studies investigating relationships between of dietary zinc intake, dietary vitamin A intake and depression. Materials and Methods The data for this study came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018 and involved 70,190 participants. We stratified participants by recommended dietary zinc intake (recommended dietary zinc intake for women: 8 mg/day, recommended dietary zinc intake for men: 11 mg/day). We further assessed the association between vitamin A and depression in participants with low and high zinc intake (interaction test) using univariate logistic regression of intake participants. Result In the female population we grouped the population into low and high zinc intake groups using the recommended dietary zinc intake of 8 (mg/day), with an increase in total vitamin A, the risk of depression was significantly lower in the low zinc intake group (OR: 0.85 95 CI: 0.76–0.96), while the risk of depression was increased in the high zinc intake group (OR: 1.05 95 CI: 0.95 to 1.17). Thus, in the female population, there was a significant interaction between insufficient vitamin an intake and depression (interaction likelihood ratio test of p = 0.011). In the male population we grouped the population by the recommended dietary zinc intake of 11(mg/day). Again, the population was divided into two groups with low and high zinc intake, however we did not find significant results for the interaction (p = 0.743 for the interaction likelihood ratio test). Conclusion Our findings suggest that zinc intake may influence the relationship between dietary vitamin A and depression. Of course, our findings require further randomized controlled trials to enhance the credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-yang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-pu Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-wen Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-ming Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-xi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-gen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-jing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-qin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-lin Sun
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dong-lin Sun
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yi
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An anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective biomimetic nanoplatform for repairing spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:569-582. [PMID: 35845318 PMCID: PMC9256979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a difficult challenge due to the complicated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage at the injury sites. In this study, retinoic acid (RA) and curcumin (Cur) were co-loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) self-assembly to obtain RA@BSA@Cur nanoparticles (NPs) for SCI treatment. Cur, as an antioxidant drug, facilitated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and decreased the amount of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages, while RA could enhance neurite extensions and neural differentiation. The constructed RA@BSA@Cur NPs not only induced polarization of macrophages toward pro-regenerative phenotypes and markedly reduced the inflammatory response of macrophages or microglia, but also increased neurite length in PC12 cells and neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, improved the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into β3-tubulin+ neurons, and reversed the pro-astrocyte differentiation effect of inflammatory cytokines on NSCs. In vivo experiments revealed that RA@BSA@Cur NPs regulated the phenotypic polarization of macrophages, inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators, promoted functional neuron regeneration and motor function, and further inhibited scar tissue formation. This study highlighted that the BSA-based biomimetic nanomaterials could be used as ROS scavengers and nerve regeneration promoters for treating SCI. Retinoic acid and Curcumin with remarkable neuroprotective and antioxidant activities are prepared for spinal cord injury. RA@BSA@Cur NPs induce polarization of macrophages, reduce levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and thus reduce the inflammatory response. RA@BSA@Cur NPs increase neurite length in PC12 cells and neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and regulate the neurons/astrocytes differentiation of NSCs. RA@BSA@Cur NPs reverse the pro-astrocyte differentiation effect of macrophages-derived inflammatory cytokines on NSCs. RA@BSA@Cur NPs promote neuron regeneration and motor function, inhibit scar tissue formation, and regulate the phenotypic polarization of macrophages.
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50
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Hu C, Zuo Q, Jin K, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Gao J, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhan W, Zhou J, Cheng F, Sun H, Niu Y, Zhang Y. Retinoic acid promotes formation of chicken (Gallus gallus) spermatogonial stem cells by regulating the ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway. Gene 2022; 820:146227. [PMID: 35124150 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the basis of spermatogenesis. Systematically exploring the critical factors associated with the formation of SSCs will provide new insight to improve the formation efficiency, and their practical application. Here we explore the regulatory mechanism of the ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway and related genes during differentiation of SSCs in chicken. Firstly, the positive cell rate of SSCs protein marker was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry and qRT-PCR was used to identify, the expression of related marker genes after 10 days of RA-induction. Secondly, the ESCs on 0d/ 4d /10d after RA- induction/self-differentiation were collected, and the total RNA was then extracted from cells. Finally, high-throughput analysis methods (RNA-seq) were used to sequence the transcriptome of these cells. After PCA analysis of the RNA-seq data, Venny analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment were further used to find the key signaling pathways and genes in the RA-induction process. The results showed that on day 10 of RA-induction, grape cluster growth cells expressed integrinβ1, the specific marker protein of SSCs cells, and the integrinβ1 positive rate was 35.1%. Also, SSCs marker genes CVH, Integrinβ1, Integrinα6 were significantly up-regulated during RA-induction. Moreover, the significantly enriched pathway, ECM-receptor interaction signaling, in current study may play a crucial role in RA-induction. Then, JASPAR was used to predict the differential gene transcription factors in the signaling pathway, finding that RA receptor was a transcription factor of COL5A1, COL5A2 and COL3A1. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of RA receptors (RXRA, RARA and RXRG) and the predicted genes (COL5A1, COL5A2 and COL3A1) were both significantly increased during RA-induction. Also, dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that RA could affect the luciferin activities of COL5A1, COL5A2 and COL3A1. These results suggest that RA plays a crucial role in the formation of chicken spermatogonial stem cells via the transcription levels of COL5A1, COL5A2 and COL3A1 to regulate the ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway. Additionally, knockdown of COL5A1/COL5A2/COL3A1 could effectively reduce the formation efficiency of SSCs. This indicated that the interference of RA receptor binding genes in the ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway could decrease the efficiency of RA induced SSCs formation. Therefore, this study concludes that RA promotes formation of chicken spermatogonial stem cells by regulating the ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Kai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zongyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yuhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Jichang Gao
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Chaoyong Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| | - Wanda Zhan
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Fufu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yingjie Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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