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Singh VK, Rajak N, Singh Y, Singh AK, Giri R, Garg N. Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z. [PMID: 38758485 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of noncoding RNA has made remarkable progress in understanding progression, metastasis, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A better understanding of the miRNAs has enhanced our knowledge of their targeting mainly at the therapy level in solid tumors, such as prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous RNA that deficit encoded proteins. Therefore, the role of miRNAs has been well-coined in the progression and development of PCa. miR-21 has a dual nature in its work both as a tumor suppressor and oncogenic role, but most of the recent studies showed that miR-21 is a tumor promoter and also is involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of miR-21 suppresses programmed cell death and inducing metastasis and castration resistant in PCa. miR-21 is involved in the different stages, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, and plays an important role in the progression, metastasis, and advanced stages of PCa. Recently, various studies directly linked the role of high levels of miR-21 with a poor therapeutic response in the patient of PCa. In the present review, we have explained the molecular mechanisms/pathways of miR-21 in PCa progression, metastasis, and castration resistant and summarized the role of miR-21 in diagnosis and therapeutic levels in PCa. In addition, we have spotlighted the recent therapeutic strategies for targeting different stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Naina Rajak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Yashasvi Singh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- University Department of Botany Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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He Y, Wang Y, Luo Z, Zhang X, Bai H, Wang J. SMC2 knockdown inhibits malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by upregulating BTG2 expression. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111216. [PMID: 38729325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer worldwide. Structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2) serves as a predictor of poor prognosis across various cancer types. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of SMC2 in LUAD progression. The expression of SMC2 in LUAD tissues and its correlation with prognosis were analyzed by public databases. Knockdown of SMC2 was performed to assess the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of LUAD cells. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis identified enriched cellular pathways and remarkable upregulation of BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (BTG2) expression after SMC2 knockdown in LUAD cells. Then, BTG2 was silenced to assess the malignant behavior of LUAD cells. Subcutaneous transplantation and intracranial tumor models of LUAD cells in BALB/c nude mice were established to assess the antineoplastic effect of SMC2 knockdown in vivo. Additionally, a lung metastasis model was created to evaluate the pro-metastatic effect of SMC2. Our findings indicated that SMC2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines, with higher expression correlating with poor prognosis. SMC2 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of LUAD cells by upregulating BTG2 expression via p53 and inactivating ERK and AKT pathways. BTG2 silencing reversed the effects of SMC2 downregulation on malignant behaviors of LUAD cells and restored the phosphorylated ERK and AKT levels. Furthermore, SMC2 knockdown effectively prevented the formation of subcutaneous, intracranial and metastatic tumor in vivo, and upregulation of BTG2 expression after SMC2 knockdown was confirmed in tumor models. This study revealed that SMC2 knockdown restrained the malignant progression of LUAD through upregulation of BTG2 expression and inactivation of ERK and AKT pathways, and SMC2 could be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Department of Nursing Academy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Ma J, Chen Z, Liu S, Chen C, Guan W, Geng M, Xiao H, Mao B, Wang B. Prognostic effect of DNA methylation of BTG2 gene in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28580. [PMID: 38560180 PMCID: PMC10979207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to develop a prognostic model for overall survival based on potential methylation sites within B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This is a retrospective study. The beta values of nine CpG sites and RSEM normalized count values of BTG2 gene were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) (TCGA-LIHC) dataset, with the beta value representing the methylation level by indicating the ratio of the intensity of the methylated bead type to the combined locus intensity. Pyrosequencing was performed to determine the range of methylation values surrounding cg01798157 site in BTG2 gene. A weighted linear model was developed to predict the overall survival (OS). Results The beta value of cg01798157 was significantly negatively associated with the mRNA expression of BTG2 in the TCGA-LIHC dataset (Spearman's rho = -0.5306, P = 2.27 × 10-27). The methylation level of cg01798157 was significantly associated with OS in the cohort of 51 Chinese HCC patients (Hazard ratio = 0.597, 95% CI: 0.434-0.820, P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified methylation level of cg01798157, cirrhosis, and microvascular invasion as independent prognostic factors. The prognostic efficiency of death risk score was superior to that of cirrhosis or microvascular invasion alone. Conclusions The methylation level of cg01798157 in BTG2 may be an epigenetic biomarker in Chinese patients with resectable HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Ma
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shuixia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mingying Geng
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bijing Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, 400054, China
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Dan Hu Q, Wang H, Liu J, He T, Tan R, Zhang Q, Su H, Kantawong F, Lan H, Wang L. Btg2 Promotes Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis via Smad3-Dependent Podocyte-Mesenchymal Transition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304360. [PMID: 37749872 PMCID: PMC10646233 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays a critical role in the progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here, it is reported that B-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) promotes Adriamycin (ADR)-induced FSGS via Smad3-dependent podocyte-mesenchymal transition. It is found that in FSGS patients and animal models, Btg2 is markedly upregulated by podocytes and correlated with progressive renal injury. Podocyte-specific deletion of Btg2 protected against the onset of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in ADR-treated mice along with inhibition of EMT markers such as α-SMA and vimentin while restoring epithelial marker E-cadherin. In cultured MPC5 podocytes, overexpression of Btg2 largely promoted ADR and TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrosis, which is further enhanced by overexpressing Btg2 but blocked by disrupting Btg2. Mechanistically, Btg2 is rapidly induced by TGF-β1 and then bound Smad3 but not Smad2 to promote Smad3 signaling and podocyte EMT, which is again exacerbated by overexpressing Btg2 but blocked by deleting Btg2 in MPC5 podocytes. Interestingly, blockade of Smad3 signaling with a Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 is also capable of inhibiting Btg2 expression and Btg2-mediated podocyte EMT, revealing a TGF-β/Smad3-Btg2 circuit mechanism in Btg2-mediated podocyte injury in FSGS. In conclusion, Btg2 is pathogenic in FSGS and promotes podocyte injury via a Smad3-dependent EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong‐ Dan Hu
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhou646000China
| | - Hong‐Lian Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Tao He
- Cancer Medicine InstituteCollege of Basic Medical SciencesSouthwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Rui‐Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Hong‐Wei Su
- Department of Urologythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Hui‐Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesthe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhou646000China
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Camargo JA, Viana NI, Pimenta R, Guimarães VR, dos Santos GA, Candido P, Ghazarian V, Romão P, Silva IA, Birbrair A, Srougi M, Nahas WC, Leite KR, Trarbach EB, Reis ST. The Effect of Gene Editing by CRISPR-Cas9 of miR-21 and the Indirect Target MMP9 in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14847. [PMID: 37834295 PMCID: PMC10573678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high prevalence and represents an important health problem, with an increased risk of metastasis. With the advance of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, new possibilities have been created for investigating PCa. The technique is effective in knockout oncogenes, reducing tumor resistance. MMP9 and miR-21 target genes are associated with PCa progression; therefore, we evaluated the MMP-9 and miR-21 targets in PCa using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) of MMP9 and miR-21 sequences were inserted into a PX-330 plasmid, and transfected in DU145 and PC-3 PCa cell lines. MMP9 and RECK expression was assessed by qPCR, WB, and IF. The miR-21 targets, integrins, BAX and mTOR, were evaluated by qPCR. Flow cytometry was performed with Annexin5, 7-AAD and Ki67 markers. Invasion assays were performed with Matrigel. The miR-21 CRISPR-Cas9-edited cells upregulated RECK, MARCKS, BTG2, and PDCD4. CDH1, ITGB3 and ITGB1 were increased in MMP9 and miR-21 CRISPR-Cas9-edited cells. Increased BAX and decreased mTOR were observed in MMP9 and miR-21 CRISPR-Cas9-edited cells. Reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and low invasion in MMP9 and miR-21 edited cells was observed, compared to Scramble. CRISPR-Cas9-edited cells of miR-21 and MMP9 attenuate cell proliferation, invasion and stimulate apoptosis, impeding PCa evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Camargo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Nayara I. Viana
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
- Department of Bioscience, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos 37900-106, MG, Brazil
| | - Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (ID’Or), São Paulo 04501-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Gabriel A. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Patrícia Candido
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Vitória Ghazarian
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Iran A. Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil;
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (ID’Or), São Paulo 04501-000, SP, Brazil
| | - William C. Nahas
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Kátia R. Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Ericka B. Trarbach
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology (LIM25), Endocrinology Departament, Medicine School, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sabrina T. Reis
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 55), Urology Department, Medicine School, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (N.I.V.); (R.P.); (V.R.G.); (G.A.d.S.); (P.C.); (V.G.); (P.R.); (I.A.S.); (M.S.); (K.R.L.); (S.T.R.)
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Guo B, Tian Z. Mir-25 Promotes Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer by Targeting BTG2. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5365-5378. [PMID: 35239148 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At present times, various kinds of literature have suggested the miR-25 acts as an oncogene in various types of human malignancies and until now, very less work has been performed pertaining to the role of miR-25 in esopharyngeal cancer. This study was performed to confirm that miR-25 is overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor tissue as a prognostic biomarker and to clarify the mechanism of miR-25. The expression levels of miR-25 and BTG2 were detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissue. A stably knocked-down miR-25 cell line (miR-25KD) was established in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, a CCK-8 assay was performed for determining the role of miR-25 in proliferation. The Transwell assays were organized to detect metastasis. Later, a gene profiling study was carried out to identify the gene expression pertaining to tumor progression. The expression of miR-25 in the esophageal cancer tissues was much higher compared with that in paracarcinoma tissues (6.42±4.28 VS 3.36±2.63, p<0.001). A high level of miR-25 was identified to be correlated with postoperative metastasis (χ2=8.187, p =0.004). BTG2 levels were significantly lower in tumor tissues (3.24±2.79) than those in adjacent non-tumor tissues (1.96±1.56 VS 2.64±1.41, p<0.001). Negative signs of BTG2 were also associated with postoperative metastasis (χ2=7.766, p=0.005). Besides, BTG2-negative cancer tissues are often accompanied by increased miR-25 expression levels (χ2=18.379, p<0.001). Patients with high miR-25 levels were found with worse overall survival (OS) (χ2=6.906, p=0.009) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) (χ2=4.991, p=0.025). Patients with positive BTG2 had better OS (χ2=12.917, p <0.001) and MFS (χ2=14.173, p<0.001). Knockdown of miR-25 helped to inhibit the proliferation and metastatic ability of esophageal cancer cells. Also, MiR-25 inhibits the expression of BTG2 directly. Results also show that miR-25 also helps to suppress the expression of vimentin and increase the expressions of E-cadherin and BTG2. MiR-25 promotes ESCC progression by directly inhibiting the expression of BTG2. MiR-25 and BTG2 can be utilized as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Ziqiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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Sweef O, Zaabout E, Bakheet A, Halawa M, Gad I, Akela M, Tousson E, Abdelghany A, Furuta S. Unraveling Therapeutic Opportunities and the Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs for Human Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2061. [PMID: 37631277 PMCID: PMC10459057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health problem and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment options, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer patients remains low, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer due to their crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. For example, miR-34a and miR-150, once delivered to lung cancer via liposomes or nanoparticles, can inhibit tumor growth by downregulating critical cancer promoting genes. Conversely, miR-21 and miR-155, frequently overexpressed in lung cancer, are associated with increased cell proliferation, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in lung carcinogenesis, especially those induced by exposure to environmental pollutants, namely, arsenic and benzopyrene, which account for up to 1/10 of lung cancer cases. We then discuss the recent advances in miRNA-based cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Such information will provide new insights into lung cancer pathogenesis and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Sweef
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Zaabout
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Bakheet
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Mohamed Halawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ibrahim Gad
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Akela
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdelghany
- Biomedical Research Center of University of Granada, Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Saori Furuta
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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Joković SM, Dobrijević Z, Kotarac N, Filipović L, Popović M, Korać A, Vuković I, Savić-Pavićević D, Brajušković G. MiR-375 and miR-21 as Potential Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Matching Samples of Plasma and Exosomes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122320. [PMID: 36553586 PMCID: PMC9778022 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-21 and miR-375 have been reported as dysregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) in multiple previous studies. Still, variable or even opposing data for the expression of these microRNAs in PCa were found, and their potential biomarker properties remain elusive. In an attempt to clarify their significance as PCa biomarkers, as well as to compare different types of specimens as a source of relevant microRNAs, we used plasma and matching plasma-derived exosomes from patients with PCa and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Plasma and exosomes were obtained from 34 patients with PCa and 34 patients with BPH, and their levels of expression of miR-21 and miR-375 were determined by RT-qPCR. We found no significant difference in the level of expression of these microRNAs in plasma and exosomes between patients with PCa and BPH. The level of exosomal miR-21 was elevated in PCa patients with high serum PSA values, as well as in patients with aggressive PCa, while for plasma samples, the results remained insignificant. For miR-375, we did not find an association with the values of standard prognostic parameters of PCa, nor with cancer aggressiveness. Therefore, our results support the potential prognostic role of exosomal miR-21 expression levels in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorana Dobrijević
- Department for Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kotarac
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Filipović
- Innovative Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korać
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Vuković
- Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Savić-Pavićević
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Brajušković
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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9
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B-Cell Translocation Gene 2 Upregulation Is Associated with Favorable Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Prolonged Patient Survival. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1892459. [PMID: 36157236 PMCID: PMC9492418 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is downexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, its role in LUAD survival remains unknown. This investigation is aimed at exploring the activity of BTG2 in LUAD. We analyzed BTG2 expression in LUAD datasets of the TCGA database and examined that BTG2 was markedly downregulated in comparison with adjacent normal tissues. The prognostic analysis suggested that higher expression of BTG2 protein correlates with prolonged survival in patients. Vectors expressing BTG2 were stably transduced into lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The overexpression of BTG2 in A549 cells causes cellular G1 phase arrest but did not affect cell proliferation, accompanied by increased activation of NF-κB. Our data indicate that BTG2 overexpression may trigger an autoregulatory prosurvival NF-κB pathway, which is resistant to environmental intervention owing to an increased level of BTG2.
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10
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Wang R, Wang R, Tian J, Wang J, Tang H, Wu T, Wang H. BTG2 as a tumor target for the treatment of luminal A breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:339. [PMID: 35401805 PMCID: PMC8988138 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common breast cancer subtypes, luminal A breast cancer is sensitive to endocrine-based therapy and insensitive to chemotherapy. Patients with luminal A subtype of breast cancer have a relatively good prognosis compared with that of patients with other subtypes of breast cancer. However, with the increased incidence in endocrine resistance and severe side effects, simple endocrine therapy has become unsuitable for the treatment of luminal A breast cancer. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets for luminal A breast cancer may accelerate the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The bioinformatical analysis of the current study, which included KEGG and GO analyses of the GSE20437 dataset containing 24 healthy and 18 breast cancer tissue samples, identified key target genes associated with breast cancer. Moreover, survival analysis results revealed that a low expression of BTG2 was significantly associated with the low survival rate of patients with breast cancer, indicated that B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) may be a potential target in breast cancer. However, BTG2 may be cancer type-dependent, as overexpression of BTG2 has been demonstrated to suppress the proliferation of pancreatic and lung cancer cells, but promote the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. Since the association between BTG2 and luminal A-subtype breast cancer remains unclear, it is important to understand the biological function of BTG2 in luminal A breast cancer. Based on the expression levels of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor, MCF-7 cells were selected in the present study as a luminal A breast cancer cell type. MTT, Transwell invasion and wound healing assays revealed that overexpression of BTG2 suppressed the levels of MCF-7 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, the downregulation of BTG2 at the mRNA and protein level was also confirmed in luminal A breast tumor tissue, which was consistent with the results in vitro. These results indicated that BTG2 may act as an effective target for the treatment of luminal A breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Breast Center, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Huaxiao Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang XZ, Chen MJ, Fan PM, Jiang W, Liang SX. BTG2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates with Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2727-2745. [PMID: 35300128 PMCID: PMC8922043 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s340565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) has been revealed to be involved in the occurrence and development of multiple cancers. However, the role of BTG2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still ambiguous. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prognostic value of BTG2 and its correlation with immune infiltration in LUAD. Methods The expression of BTG2 in LUAD was analyzed using the TIMER and UALCAN databases. The correlations between BTG2 expression and clinicopathological factors were investigated using the UALCAN databases. The Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEPIA, and TCGA databases were employed to assess the prognostic value of BTG2. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct an interaction network and mine co-expression genes. The TISIDB database was examined for a correlation between BTG2 and driver genes in LUAD. Enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes and BTG2 was performed using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the correlations between BTG2 and immune infiltrates were investigated using the TIMER, GEO, and TISIDB database. Results BTG2 was significantly downregulated in LUAD. The decreased expression of BTG2 in LUAD was significantly correlated with higher cancer stages and shorter duration of overall survival. The expressions of BTG2-related co-expression genes were associated with the prognosis in LUAD. The expression of BTG2 was closely associated with the mutations of TP53 and ROS1. Enrichment analysis revealed that BTG2 was significantly correlated with immune‐associated signaling pathways and function. In addition, the expression of BTG2 was found to be closely related to immune infiltration, multiple gene markers of immune cells, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. Conclusion Our findings have effectively demonstrated that BTG2 expression was downregulated in LUAD, indicating poor prognosis. Closely relating to immune cell infiltration, BTG2 may be a promising immune-related biomarker and molecular target for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Ming Fan
- Department of Breast-Thoracic Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Xiong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shi Xiong Liang; Wei Jiang, Email ;
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12
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Cannistraci A, Hascoet P, Ali A, Mundra P, Clarke NW, Pavet V, Marais R. MiR-378a inhibits glucose metabolism by suppressing GLUT1 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:1445-1455. [PMID: 35039635 PMCID: PMC8897193 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, in part due to a lack of molecular stratification tools that can distinguish primary tumours that will remain indolent from those that will metastasise. Amongst potential molecular biomarkers, microRNAs (miRs) have attracted particular interest because of their high stability in body fluids and fixed tissues. These small non-coding RNAs modulate several physiological and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Herein we explore the prognostic potential and the functional role of miRs in localised PCa and their relation to nodal metastasis. We define a 7-miR signature that is associated with poor survival independently of age, Gleason score, pathological T state, N stage and surgical margin status and that is also prognostic for disease-free survival in patients with intermediate-risk localised disease. Within our 7-miR signature, we show that miR-378a-3p (hereafter miR-378a) levels are low in primary tumours compared to benign prostate tissue, and also lower in Gleason score 8-9 compared to Gleason 6-7 PCa. We demonstrate that miR-378a impairs glucose metabolism and reduces proliferation in PCa cells through independent mechanisms, and we identify glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) messenger RNA as a direct target of miR-378a. We show that GLUT1 inhibition hampers glycolysis, leading to cell death. Our data provides a rational for a new PCa stratification strategy based on miR expression, and it reveals that miR-378a and GLUT1 are potential therapeutic targets in highly aggressive glycolytic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cannistraci
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - P Hascoet
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - A Ali
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group and the FASTMAN Prostate Cancer Centre for Excellence, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - P Mundra
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - N W Clarke
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group and the FASTMAN Prostate Cancer Centre for Excellence, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - V Pavet
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - R Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
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13
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Semen as a rich source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer: latest evidence and implications. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:213-223. [PMID: 34655417 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and the cause of numerous cancer deaths in the world. Nowadays, based on diagnostic criteria, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) evaluation and rectal examination are used to diagnose prostate-related malignancies. However, due to the different types of PCa, there are several doubts about the diagnostic value of PSA. On the other hand, semen is considered an appropriate source and contains various biomarkers in non-invasive diagnosing several autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Evidence suggests that analysis of semen biomarkers could be helpful in PCa diagnosis. Therefore, due to the invasiveness of most diagnostic methods in PCa, the use of semen as a biologic sample containing various biomarkers can lead to the emergence of novel and non-invasive diagnostic approaches. This review summarized recent studies on the use of various seminal biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of PCa.
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14
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Liu Y, Zou H, Xie Q, Zou L, Kong R, Mao B. Ribonucleic acid-binding protein CPSF6 promotes glycolysis and suppresses apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the BTG2 expression. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:67. [PMID: 34217312 PMCID: PMC8254334 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the sixth most common malignancy and the second major cause of tumor-related deaths in the world. This study aimed to investigate the role of cleavage and polyadenylation factor-6 (CPSF6) and B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) in regulating the glycolysis and apoptosis in HCC cells. The RNA and protein expression of CPSF6 and BTG2 in normal hepatocyte and HCC were, respectively, detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and Western blot analysis. The viability and apoptosis of transfected Huh-7 cells were, respectively, analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and HK-2 in transfected Huh-7 cells was also detected by Western blot analysis. The levels of glucose and lactate in the culture supernatant of transfected Huh-7 cells were, respectively, detected with the glucose assay kit and lactate assay kit. The interaction of CPSF6 and BTG2 was confirmed by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. As a result, CPSF6 expression was increased while BTG2 expression was decreased in Huh-7 cells. Interference with CPSF6 suppressed the viability and glycolysis, and promoted the apoptosis of Huh-7 cells. Furthermore, CPSF6 interacted with BTG2 and interference with CPSF6 upregulated the BTG2 expression and inhibited the protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Interference with BTG2 could partially reverse the above cell changes caused by interference with CPSF6. In conclusion, CPSF6 inhibited the BTG2 expression to promote glycolysis and suppress apoptosis in HCC cells by activating AKT/ERK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hongbo Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Shuanghu branch Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Qichao Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Shuanghu branch Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Lan Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Shuanghu branch Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Shuanghu branch Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Bijing Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Shuanghu branch Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, China.
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15
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Detection of TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion Transcript in Biopsy Specimen of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Single Centre Experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:5-14. [PMID: 32573479 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate carcinoma is the most frequent malign neoplasm among men with an ever-growing incidence rate. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript leads to the androgen induction of ERG proto-oncogenes expression, representing a high presence of oncogenes alteration among prostate tumour cells. AIM The aim of this research was to detect and evaluate theTMPRSS2-ERG fuse transcript in the tissues of patients with prostate cancer, and establish a base of material of these samples for further genetic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was a prospective clinical study that involved and focused on random sampling of 101 patients (62 with prostate cancer-study group and 39 with benign changes in the prostate-control group). Real time PCR analysis for detection of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript in prostate tissue was performed and also data from the histopathology results of tissues were used, as well as data for the level of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) in blood. RESULTS TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript was detected in 20 out of 62 (32.2%) patients with prostate carcinoma and among no patients with benign changes whatsoever. There were no significant differences between patients with/without detected TMPRSS2-ERG fusion related to Gleason score. Among 50%, in the study group this score was greater than 7 per/for Median IQR=7 (6-8). Significant difference was recognized, related to the average value of PSA in favour of significantly higher value of PSA in the study group with prostate cancer, but there was also no significant difference between samples with prostate cancer who were with/without detected TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript related to PSA level. DISCUSSION The results from this research are in accordance with the values and results from analyses done in several research centres and oncological institutes. CONCLUSION The positive findings in small scale studies encourage the implementation of larger scale studies that will be enriched with results of genetic transcript in blood and urine and will define the positive diagnostic meaning of the TMPRSS-ERG fusion transcript.
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16
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Konoshenko MY, Laktionov PP. MiRNAs and radical prostatectomy: Current data, bioinformatic analysis and utility as predictors of tumour relapse. Andrology 2021; 9:1092-1107. [PMID: 33638886 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes have particular interest for cancer biology and medicine due to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and markers. These studies are extensively influenced by anticancer therapy, as miRNAs interfere with the therapy's efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa). OBJECTIVES In this article, we summarise the available data on the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) and biochemical recurrence on miRNA expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular targets of these miRNAs, as well as the reciprocal relations between different miRNAs and their targets, were studied using the DIANA, STRING and TransmiR databases. Special attention was dedicated to the mechanisms of PCa development, miRNA, and associated genes as tumour development mediators. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Combined analysis of the databases and available literature indicates that expression of four miRNAs that are associated with prostate cancer relapse and alter their expression after RP, combined with genes that closely interact with selected miRNAs, has high potential for the prediction of PCa relapse after RP. PCa tissues and biofluids, both immediately after RP for diagnostics/prognostics and in long-term (relapse) monitoring, may be used as sources of these miRNAs. CONCLUSION An overview of the usefulness of published data and bioinformatics resources looking for diagnostic markers and molecular targets is presented in this article. The selected miRNA and gene panels have good potential as prognostic and PCa relapse markers after RP and likely could also serve as markers for therapeutic efficiency on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Shakeri A, Ghanbari M, Tasbandi A, Sahebkar A. Regulation of microRNA-21 expression by natural products in cancer. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3732-3746. [PMID: 33724576 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been of much interest in research studies owing to their wide pharmacological applications, chemical diversity, low side effects, and multitarget activities. Examples of these compounds include matrine, sulforaphane, silibinin, curcumin, berberin, resveratrol, and quercetin. Some of the present anticancer drugs, such as taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin are also derived from natural products. The anti-carcinogenic effects of these products are partly mediated through modulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression. To date, numerous downstream targets of miR-21 have been recognized, which include phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ras homolog gene family member B (RHOB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. These signaling pathways, their regulation by oncomiR-21 in cancer, and the modulating impact of natural products are the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Lin W, Zou H, Mo J, Jin C, Jiang H, Yu C, Jiang Z, Yang Y, He B, Wang K. Micro1278 Leads to Tumor Growth Arrest, Enhanced Sensitivity to Oxaliplatin and Vitamin D and Inhibits Metastasis via KIF5B, CYP24A1, and BTG2, Respectively. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637878. [PMID: 33791222 PMCID: PMC8006274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer type in the digestive tract. Chemotherapy drugs, such as oxaliplatin, are frequently administered to CRC patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying CRC tumorigenesis and the identification of optimal biomarkers for assessing chemotherapy sensitivity are essential for the treatment of CRC. Various microRNAs, constituting class of non-coding RNAs with 20-22 nucleotides, have served as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in CRC. We analyzed miR-1278 expression in clinical samples by qRT-PCR. We then explored the role of miR-1278 in CRC growth in vitro and in vivo as well as sensitivity to oxaliplatin via RNA-seq and gain- and loss-of-function assays. We found that miR-1278 was downregulated in CRC samples, correlating with advanced clinical stage, and overexpression of miR-1278 led to tumor growth arrest and increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin via enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage. Suppression of KIF5B by miR-1278 through direct binding to its 3′UTR was the mechanism for the miR-1278-mediated effects in CRC, miR-1278 inhibits metastasis of CRC through upregulation of BTG2. Additionally, we also found that the expression of CYP24A1, the main enzyme determining the biological half-life of calcitriol, was significantly inhibited by miR-1278, according to data from clinical, RNA-seq and functional assays, which allowed miR-1278 to sensitize CRC cells to vitamin D. In summary, our data demonstrated that miR-1278 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor gene and biomarker for determining sensitivity to oxaliplatin and vitamin D in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Chong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Zufu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Yusha Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
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19
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Cyrta J, Augspach A, De Filippo MR, Prandi D, Thienger P, Benelli M, Cooley V, Bareja R, Wilkes D, Chae SS, Cavaliere P, Dephoure N, Uldry AC, Lagache SB, Roma L, Cohen S, Jaquet M, Brandt LP, Alshalalfa M, Puca L, Sboner A, Feng F, Wang S, Beltran H, Lotan T, Spahn M, Kruithof-de Julio M, Chen Y, Ballman KV, Demichelis F, Piscuoglio S, Rubin MA. Role of specialized composition of SWI/SNF complexes in prostate cancer lineage plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5549. [PMID: 33144576 PMCID: PMC7642293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer initially responds to hormonal treatment, but ultimately becomes resistant and requires more potent therapies. One mechanism of resistance observed in around 10–20% of these patients is lineage plasticity, which manifests in a partial or complete small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the role of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex in NEPC. Using large patient datasets, patient-derived organoids and cancer cell lines, we identify mSWI/SNF subunits that are deregulated in NEPC and demonstrate that SMARCA4 (BRG1) overexpression is associated with aggressive disease. We also show that SWI/SNF complexes interact with different lineage-specific factors in NEPC compared to prostate adenocarcinoma. These data point to a role for mSWI/SNF complexes in therapy-related lineage plasticity, which may also be relevant for other solid tumors. The differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE) is a mechanism of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Here the authors show that SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex is deregulated in CRPC-NE and that the complex interacts with different lineage specific factors throughout prostate cancer transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cyrta
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Anke Augspach
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rosaria De Filippo
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Prandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Phillip Thienger
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy.,Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Victoria Cooley
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David Wilkes
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sung-Suk Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Paola Cavaliere
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga Lagache
- Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Roma
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Cohen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Muriel Jaquet
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura P Brandt
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Alshalalfa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loredana Puca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamara Lotan
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Martin Spahn
- Lindenhofspital Bern, Prostate Center Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Essen, Germany
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Karla V Ballman
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis Universitäres Bauchzentrum Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland. .,Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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Rodríguez-Alonso A, Casas-Pais A, Roca-Lema D, Graña B, Romay G, Figueroa A. Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity by the E3 Ubiquitin-Ligases in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113093. [PMID: 33114139 PMCID: PMC7690828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire the ability to dynamically switch between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic cellular states. Epithelial cell plasticity in the context of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers increased cell motility, invasiveness and the ability to disseminate to distant sites and form metastasis. The modulation of molecularly defined targets involved in this process has become an attractive therapeutic strategy against cancer. Protein degradation carried out by ubiquitination has gained attention as it can selectively degrade proteins of interest. In the ubiquitination reaction, the E3 ubiquitin-ligases are responsible for the specific binding of ubiquitin to a small subset of target proteins, and are considered promising anticancer drug targets. In this review, we summarize the role of the E3 ubiquitin-ligases that control targeted protein degradation in cancer-EMT, and we highlight the potential use of the E3 ubiquitin-ligases as drug targets for the development of small-molecule drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Alonso
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Begoña Graña
- Clinical Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Romay
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (A.C.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Jensen P, Carlet M, Schlenk RF, Weber A, Kress J, Brunner I, Słabicki M, Grill G, Weisemann S, Cheng YY, Jeremias I, Scholl C, Fröhling S. Requirement for LIM kinases in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:3173-3185. [PMID: 32591645 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease for which only few targeted therapies are available. Using high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening in AML cell lines, we identified LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) as a potential novel target for AML treatment. High LIMK1 expression was significantly correlated with shorter survival of AML patients and coincided with FLT3 mutations, KMT2A rearrangements, and elevated HOX gene expression. RNAi- and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated suppression as well as pharmacologic inhibition of LIMK1 and its close homolog LIMK2 reduced colony formation and decreased proliferation due to slowed cell-cycle progression of KMT2A-rearranged AML cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples. This was accompanied by morphologic changes indicative of myeloid differentiation. Transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of several tumor suppressor genes as well as downregulation of HOXA9 targets and mitosis-associated genes in response to LIMK1 suppression, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the anti-leukemic phenotype. Finally, we observed a reciprocal regulation between LIM kinases (LIMK) and CDK6, a kinase known to be involved in the differentiation block of KMT2A-rearranged AML, and addition of the CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib further enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of LIMK inhibition. Together, these data suggest that LIMK are promising targets for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Jensen
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michela Carlet
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard F Schlenk
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Weber
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Kress
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Brunner
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Grill
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Weisemann
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Insulin exacerbated high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostatic epithelial cells BPH-1 and prostate cancer cells PC-3 via MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112145. [PMID: 32561286 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As two most common progressive diseases of aging, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were all characterized by endocrine and metabolic disorders. Here, our clinical study showed that there were significant differences in fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and prostate volume (PV) between simple BPH patients and BPH complicated with T2DM patients. Further analysis showed that HOMA-IR was positively correlated with PV in BPH complicated with T2DM patients. The in vitro experiment results showed that high glucose (HG) promoted EMT process in a glucose-dependent manner in human prostate hyperplasia cells (BPH-1) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and this pathological process was exacerbated by co-culture with insulin. Mechanistically, insulin-induced exacerbation of EMT was depended on the activation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and we suggested that insulin and its analogs should be used very carefully for the clinical antihyperglycemic treatment of BPH complicated with T2DM patients.
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23
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Cilluffo D, Barra V, Spatafora S, Coronnello C, Contino F, Bivona S, Feo S, Di Leonardo A. Aneuploid IMR90 cells induced by depletion of pRB, DNMT1 and MAD2 show a common gene expression signature. Genomics 2020; 112:2541-2549. [PMID: 32057913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation defects lead to aneuploidy which is a major feature of solid tumors. How diploid cells face chromosome mis-segregation and how aneuploidy is tolerated in tumor cells are not completely defined yet. Thus, an important goal of cancer genetics is to identify gene networks that underlie aneuploidy and are involved in its tolerance. To this aim, we induced aneuploidy in IMR90 human primary cells by depleting pRB, DNMT1 and MAD2 and analyzed their gene expression profiles by microarray analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a common gene expression profile of IMR90 cells that became aneuploid. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) also revealed gene-sets/pathways that are shared by aneuploid IMR90 cells that may be exploited for novel therapeutic approaches in cancer. Furthermore, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis identified TOP2A and KIF4A as hub genes that may be important for aneuploidy establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cilluffo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Spatafora
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Contino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Bivona
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technology Network Center (ATEN), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technology Network Center (ATEN), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), Palermo, Italy.
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24
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Xiao T, Jie Z. MiR-21 Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Eur Surg Res 2019; 60:208-218. [PMID: 31722341 DOI: 10.1159/000504133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. It is likely to occur in lymph nodes and is prone to distant metastasis in its early stages, which portends a poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that miRNA-21 was abnormally highly expressed and associated with early metastasis in GC, but the mechanism by which it regulates the invasion and metastasis of GC has not been elucidated. METHODS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important pathologic basis of tumor invasion and metastasis, and in this study, the relationship between miRNA-21 and EMT in GC invasion and metastasis was investigated using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and wound scratch and transwell assays. RESULTS We found that miRNA-21 expression in GC cell lines was higher than in a gastric mucosal epithelial cell line. After transfection with an miRNA-21 mimic, the upregulation of EMT was found to promote migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells. However, the downregulation of EMT was found to accompany the inhibition of invasion and migration of GC cells after downregulation of miRNA-21 expression due to the transfection of an miRNA-21 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miRNA-21 might promote the invasion and metastasis of GC by upregulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
| | - Zhigang Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Razdan A, de Souza P, Roberts TL. Role of MicroRNAs in Treatment Response in Prostate Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 18:929-944. [PMID: 29644941 PMCID: PMC6463399 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180315160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in men worldwide, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Depending on the grade and stage of the cancer, patients may be given radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. However, more than half of these patients develop resistance to treatment, leading to disease progression and metastases, often with lethal consequences. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, which regulate numerous physiological as well as pathological processes, including cancer. miRNAs mediate their regulatory effect predominately by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms by which miRNAs mediate resistance to radiation and drug therapy (i.e. hormone therapy and chemotherapy) in PCa, including control of apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Furthermore, we will discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs isolated from different body fluids of prostate cancer patients as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer detection, disease progression, and therapy response. Finally, we will shortlist the candidate miRNAs, which may have a role in drug and radioresistance, that could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuli Razdan
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Kido T, Li Y, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R, Chris Lau YF. The X-linked tumor suppressor TSPX downregulates cancer-drivers/oncogenes in prostate cancer in a C-terminal acidic domain dependent manner. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1491-1506. [PMID: 30863497 PMCID: PMC6407674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TSPX is a tumor suppressor gene located at Xp11.22, a prostate cancer susceptibility locus. It is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues but frequently downregulated in various cancers, including lung, brain, liver and prostate cancers. The C-terminal acidic domain (CAD) of TSPX is crucial for the tumor suppressor functions, such as inhibition of cyclin B/CDK1 phosphorylation and androgen receptor transactivation. Currently, the exact role of the TSPX CAD in transcriptional regulation of downstream genes is still uncertain. Using different variants of TSPX, we showed that overexpression of either TSPX, that harbors a CAD, or a CAD-truncated variant (TSPX[∆C]) drastically retarded cell proliferation in a prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, but cell death was induced only by overexpression of TSPX. Transcriptome analyses showed that TSPX or TSPX[∆C] overexpression downregulated multiple cancer-drivers/oncogenes, including MYC and MYB, in a CAD-dependent manner and upregulated various tumor suppressors in a CAD-independent manner. Datamining of transcriptomes of prostate cancer specimens in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset confirmed the negative correlation between the expression level of TSPX and those of MYC and MYB in clinical prostate cancer, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the CAD of TSPX plays an important role in suppression of cancer-drivers/oncogenes in prostatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kido
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yunmin Li
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yun-Fai Chris Lau
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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Xie Y, Du J, Liu Z, Zhang D, Yao X, Yang Y. MiR-6875-3p promotes the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:7. [PMID: 30621734 PMCID: PMC6323674 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports the association of microRNA with tumor occurrence and development. However, the expression of miR-6875-3p and its role in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. Methods The expression of miR-6875-3p and BTG2 in HCC tissues and cell lines was detected by using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. A western blot assay, qRT-PCR and Luciferase reporter assay were employed to study the interaction between miR-6875-3p and BTG2. Cell proliferation invasion and metastasis were measured by MTT, transwell and matrigel analyses in vitro. In vivo, tumorigenicity and metastasis assays were performed in nude mice. Results We found that miR-6875-3p were elevated expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, and negatively correlated with BTG2 expression, while positively correlated with tumor staging, size, degree of differentiation, and vascular invasion of HCC. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo assays showed that miR-6875-3p regulates EMT and improve the proliferation, metastasis and stem cell-like properties of HCC cells. BTG2 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-6875-3p via the 3’-UTR of BTG2. We also confirmed that miR-6875-3p plays its biological functions via the BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that high expression of miR-6875-3p can promote tumorigenesis of HCC in vitro and in vivo, so as to function as a novel oncogene in HCC. In mechanism, we found that miR-6875-3p plays its biological functions via the BTG2/FAK/Akt pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1020-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Foj L, Filella X. Identification of Potential miRNAs Biomarkers for High-Grade Prostate Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1445-1456. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Yuniati L, Scheijen B, van der Meer LT, van Leeuwen FN. Tumor suppressors BTG1 and BTG2: Beyond growth control. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5379-5389. [PMID: 30350856 PMCID: PMC6587536 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of B‐cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 as antiproliferation genes more than two decades ago, their protein products have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including cell division, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability. In addition to affecting differentiation during development and in the adult, BTG proteins play an important role in maintaining homeostasis under conditions of cellular stress. Genomic profiling of B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma has put BTG1 and BTG2 in the spotlight, since both genes are frequently deleted or mutated in these malignancies, pointing towards a role as tumor suppressors. Moreover, in solid tumors, reduced expression of BTG1 or BTG2 is often correlated with malignant cell behavior and poor treatment outcome. Recent studies have uncovered novel roles for BTG1 and BTG2 in genotoxic and integrated stress responses, as well as during hematopoiesis. This review summarizes what is currently known about the roles of BTG1 and BTG2 in these and other cellular processes. In addition, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of BTG1 and BTG2 deregulation during cancer progression and elaborate on the potential clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurensia Yuniati
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens T van der Meer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Vakili‐Ghartavol R, Mombeiny R, Salmaninejad A, Sorkhabadi SMR, Faridi‐Majidi R, Jaafari MR, Mirzaei H. Tumor‐associated macrophages and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer: Nanotechnology comes into view. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9223-9236. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Vakili‐Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Mombeiny
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat Sorkhabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Toxicology–Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS) Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Faridi‐Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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31
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The microRNA signatures: aberrantly expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:126-144. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Filella X, Fernández-Galan E, Fernández Bonifacio R, Foj L. Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2018; 11:83-94. [PMID: 29844697 PMCID: PMC5961643 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s136026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. A large proportion of PCa are latent, never destined to progress or affect the patients’ life. It is of utmost importance to identify which PCa are destined to progress and which would benefit from an early radical treatment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the most used test to detect PCa. Its limited specificity and an elevated rate of overdiagnosis are the main problems associated with PSA testing. New PCa biomarkers have been proposed to improve the accuracy of PSA in the management of early PCa. Commercially available biomarkers such as PCA3 score, Prostate Health Index (PHI), and the four-kallikrein panel are used with the purpose of reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies and providing information related to the aggressiveness of the tumor. The relationship with PCa aggressiveness seems to be confirmed by PHI and the four-kallikrein panel, but not by the PCA3 score. In this review, we also summarize new promising biomarkers, such as PSA glycoforms, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells, androgen receptor variants, and PTEN gene. All these emerging biomarkers could change the management of early PCa, offering more accurate results than PSA. Nonetheless, large prospective studies comparing these new biomarkers among them are required to know their real value in PCa detection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Filella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández-Galan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Fernández Bonifacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Foj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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33
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Kumar B, Rosenberg AZ, Choi SM, Fox-Talbot K, De Marzo AM, Nonn L, Brennen WN, Marchionni L, Halushka MK, Lupold SE. Cell-type specific expression of oncogenic and tumor suppressive microRNAs in the human prostate and prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7189. [PMID: 29739972 PMCID: PMC5940660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-1 and miR-143 are frequently reduced in human prostate cancer (PCa), while miR-141 and miR-21 are frequently elevated. Consequently, these miRNAs have been studied as cell-autonomous tumor suppressors and oncogenes. However, the cell-type specificity of these miRNAs is not well defined in prostate tissue. Through two different microdissection techniques, and droplet digital RT-PCR, we quantified these miRNAs in the stroma and epithelium of radical prostatectomy specimens. In contrast to their purported roles as cell-autonomous tumor suppressors, we found miR-1 and miR-143 expression to be predominantly stromal. Conversely, miR-141 was predominantly epithelial. miR-21 was detected in both stroma and epithelium. Strikingly, the levels of miR-1 and miR-143 were significantly reduced in tumor-associated stroma, but not tumor epithelium. Gene expression analyses in human cell lines, tissues, and prostate-derived stromal cultures support the cell-type selective expression of miR-1, miR-141, and miR-143. Analyses of the PCa Genome Atlas (TCGA-PRAD) showed a strong positive correlation between stromal markers and miR-1 and miR-143, and a strong negative correlation between stromal markers and miR-141. In these tumors, loss of miR-1 and gain of miR-21 was highly associated with biochemical recurrence. These data shed new light on stromal and epithelial miRNA expression in the PCa tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Su Mi Choi
- The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Fox-Talbot
- The Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- The Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- The Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- The Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shawn E Lupold
- The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,The Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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34
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Shen S, Zhang R, Guo Y, Loehrer E, Wei Y, Zhu Y, Yuan Q, Moran S, Fleischer T, Bjaanaes MM, Karlsson A, Planck M, Staaf J, Helland Å, Esteller M, Su L, Chen F, Christiani DC. A multi-omic study reveals BTG2 as a reliable prognostic marker for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:913-924. [PMID: 29656435 PMCID: PMC5983115 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is a tumour suppressor protein known to be downregulated in several types of cancer. In this study, we investigated a potential role for BTG2 in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. We analysed BTG2 methylation data from 1230 early-stage NSCLC patients from five international cohorts, as well as gene expression data from 3038 lung cancer cases from multiple cohorts. Three CpG probes (cg01798157, cg06373167, cg23371584) that detected BTG2 hypermethylation in tumour tissues were associated with lower overall survival. The prognostic model based on methylation could distinguish patient survival in the four cohorts [hazard ratio (HR) range, 1.51-2.21] and the independent validation set (HR = 1.85). In the expression analysis, BTG2 expression was positively correlated with survival in each cohort (HR range, 0.28-0.68), which we confirmed with meta-analysis (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.54-0.68). The three CpG probes were all negatively correlated with BTG2 expression. Importantly, an integrative model of BTG2 methylation, expression and clinical information showed better predictive ability in the training set and validation set. In conclusion, the methylation and integrated prognostic signatures based on BTG2 are stable and reliable biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC. They may have new applications for appropriate clinical adjuvant trials and personalized treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Loehrer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qianyu Yuan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Maria M Bjaanaes
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Manel Esteller
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Bryzgunova OE, Konoshenko MY, Laktionov PP. MicroRNA-guided gene expression in prostate cancer: Literature and database overview. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3016. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga E. Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia and ‘E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia and ‘E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Pavel P. Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia and ‘E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Novosibirsk Russia
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36
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Sekhon K, Bucay N, Majid S, Dahiya R, Saini S. MicroRNAs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67597-67611. [PMID: 27588490 PMCID: PMC5341899 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of male cancer-related deaths. A significant fraction of prostate tumors are very aggressive, often metastasizing to bone, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Also, PCa is associated with high rates of recurrence, often attributed to the existence of cancer stem cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process characterized by decreased expression of epithelial genes and increased expression of mesenchymal genes, plays a critical role in tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence. In PCa, EMT has been implicated particularly in the context of metastatic disease and microRNAs have emerged as critical post-transcriptional regulators of PCa EMT. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in PCa EMT that play a role in progression, metastasis and recurrence. Studies till date suggest that microRNAs mediate efficient and reversible control of PCa EMT via multiple mechanisms including either by (i) directly repressing single or multiple EMT-TFs or regulating cytoskeletal components (epithelial/mesenchymal genes) or (ii) regulating key signaling pathways involved in EMT. Oncogenic microRNAs often act as EMT promoters by repressing epithelial characteristics and tumor suppressive miRNAs act by inhibiting mesenchymal progression. Further, EMT is mechanistically linked to stem cell signatures in PCa and several miRNAs implicated in EMT have been reported to influence PCa stem cells. Loss of EMT-inhibiting miRNAs and/or gain of EMT promoting miRNAs lead to induction of PCa EMT, leading to tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence. Restoring expression of tumor suppressive miRNAs and inhibiting oncogenic miRNAs represent potential therapeutic opportunities to prevent disease metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep Sekhon
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Bucay
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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37
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Vila-Casadesús M, Vila-Navarro E, Raimondi G, Fillat C, Castells A, Lozano JJ, Gironella M. Deciphering microRNA targets in pancreatic cancer using miRComb R package. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6499-6517. [PMID: 29464088 PMCID: PMC5814228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They play important roles in cancer but little is known about the specific functions that each miRNA exerts in each type of cancer. More knowledge about their specific targets is needed to better understand the complexity of molecular networks taking part in cancer. In this study we report the miRNA-mRNA interactome occurring in pancreatic cancer by using a bioinformatic approach called miRComb, which combines tissue expression data with miRNA-target prediction databases (TargetScan, miRSVR and miRDB). MiRNome and transcriptome of 12 human pancreatic tissues (9 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 3 controls) were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and microarray, respectively. Analysis confirmed differential expression of both miRNAs and mRNAs in cancerous tissue versus control, and unveiled 17401 relevant miRNA-mRNA interactions likely to occur in pancreatic cancer. They were sorted according to the degree of negative correlation between miRNA and mRNA expression. Results highlighted the importance of miR-148a and miR-21 interactions among others. Two components of the Notch signaling pathway, ADAM17 and EP300, were confirmed as miR-148a targets in MiaPaca-2 pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing miR-148a. Moreover, a CRISPR-Cas9 cellular model was generated to knock-out the expression of miR-21 in PANC-1 cells. As expected, the expression of two miRComb miR-21 predicted targets, PDCD4 and BTG2, was significantly upregulated in these cells in comparison to control PANC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vila-Casadesús
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Vila-Navarro
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Gene Therapy and Cancer, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Gene Therapy and Cancer, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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38
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Chen H, Pan H, Qian Y, Zhou W, Liu X. MiR-25-3p promotes the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer by targeting BTG2. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:4. [PMID: 29310680 PMCID: PMC5759260 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly invasive and aggressive and lacks specific molecular targets to improve the prognosis. MiR-25-3p promotes proliferation of many tumors and its role and underlying mechanisms in TNBC remain to be well elucidated. Methods Differential expression of miR-25-3p in TNBC was measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in both TNBC tissues and cell lines and was validated in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The effects of miR-25-3p on proliferation, apoptosis capacity of TNBC were evaluated using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI analyses. The tumor growth in vivo was observed in xenograft model. Luciferase reporter assay, qPCR and western blot were performed to validate a potential target of miR-25-3p in TNBC. Involvement of the AKT and MAPK pathways was investigated by western blot. Results MiR-25-3p was found to be upregulated in TNBC in tissues and cell lines. MiR-25-3p promoted TNBC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in xenograft model, while suppression of miR-25-3p induced cell apoptosis. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) might be a direct target of miR-25-3p, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-25-3p. Moreover, inhibition of BTG2 expression accounted for the role of miR-25-3p in TNBC. Furthermore, BTG2 suppression might indirectly activate the AKT and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways to mediate the downstream effects of miR-25-3p. Conclusions This study demonstrates that miR-25-3p promotes proliferation by targeting tumor suppressor BTG2 and may identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0754-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Huang CS, Zhai JM, Zhu XX, Cai JP, Chen W, Li JH, Yin XY. BTG2 Is Down-Regulated and Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell-Like Features of Side Population Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3501-3510. [PMID: 29098552 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study found that B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) was hyper-methylated and down-regulated in side population (SP) cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line. However, its clinical significances and biological impacts on HCC SP cells remained unclear. AIMS To investigate the prognostic value of BTG2 gene in HCC and its influences on cancer stem cells (CSCs)-like traits of HCC cell line SP cells. METHODS BTG2 expression in human HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time PCR, and also obtained from GEO and TCGA data. Its prognostic values were assessed. Its biological influences on HCC cell line SP cells were evaluated using cell viability, cell cycle, plate clone-forming assay, and chemoresistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. RESULTS BTG2 expression was significantly suppressed in human HCC compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. BTG2 expression was correlated with TNM stage, tumor size and vascular invasion. Lower expression of BTG2 was associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. In vitro, overexpression of BTG2 substantially suppressed cell proliferation and accumulation of HCC cell line SP cells in G0/G1 phase. Colony formation ability was markedly suppressed by BTG2 overexpression. Moreover, sensitivity of HCC cell line SP cells to 5-fluorouracil was substantially increased by overexpression of BTG2. Furthermore, tumorigenicity of HCC cell line SP cells transfected with BTG2 plasmids was significantly reduced in vivo. CONCLUSIONS BTG2 gene could regulate the CSC-like traits of HCC cell line SP cells, and it represented as a molecular prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Song Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Ming Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan Science and Technology University, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian-Peng Cai
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Fujita Y, Masuda K, Hamada J, Shoda K, Naruto T, Hamada S, Miyakami Y, Kohmoto T, Watanabe M, Takahashi R, Tange S, Saito M, Kudo Y, Fujiwara H, Ichikawa D, Tangoku A, Otsuji E, Imoto I. KH-type splicing regulatory protein is involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101130-101145. [PMID: 29254151 PMCID: PMC5731861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein, which is involved in several post-transcriptional aspects of RNA metabolism, including microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. It affects distinct cell functions in different tissues and can have an impact on various pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated the oncogenic functions of KHSRP and their underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). KHSRP expression levels were elevated in ESCC tumors when compared with those in non-tumorous tissues by immunohistochemistry, and cytoplasmic KHSRP overexpression was found to be an independent prognosticator for worse overall survival in a cohort of 104 patients with ESCC. KHSRP knockdown inhibited growth, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. KHSRP knockdown also inhibited the maturation of cancer-associated miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-130b, and miR-301, and induced the expression of their target mRNAs, such as BMP6, PDCD4, and TIMP3, resulting in the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our findings uncover a novel oncogenic function of KHSRP in esophageal tumorigenesis and implicate its use as a marker for prognostic evaluation and as a putative therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junichi Hamada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyakami
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rizu Takahashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Saito
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akira Tangoku
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Hill BS, Pelagalli A, Passaro N, Zannetti A. Tumor-educated mesenchymal stem cells promote pro-metastatic phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73296-73311. [PMID: 29069870 PMCID: PMC5641213 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited into tumor microenvironment in response to multiple signals produced by cancer cells. Molecules involved in their homing to tumors are the same inflammatory mediators produced by injured tissues: chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. When MSCs arrive into the tumor microenvironment these are “educated” to have pro-metastatic behaviour. Firstly, they promote cancer immunosuppression modulating both innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, tumor associated-MSCs trans-differentiating into cancer-associated fibroblasts can induce epithelial-mesenchymal-transition program in tumor cells. This process determinates a more aggressive phenotype of cancer cells by increasing their motility and invasiveness and favoring their dissemination to distant sites. In addition, MSCs are involved in the formation and modelling of pre-metastatic niches creating a supportive environment for colonization of circulating tumor cells. The development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the different functions of MSCs in promoting tumor progression as well as the mechanisms underlying their activities could enhance the efficacy of conventional and immune anti-cancer therapies. Furthermore, many studies report the use of MSCs engineered to express different genes or as vehicle to specifically deliver novel drugs to tumors exploiting their strong tropism. Importantly, this approach can enhance local therapeutic efficacy and reduce the risk of systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Samuel Hill
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Passaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Abstract
In the United States, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men with an approximately 220,000 patients diagnosed with the disease in 2015. Prostate cancer is a hormone-driven tumor, and a common therapy is androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) that involves anti-androgen treatments and/or castration therapy. Understanding the molecular basis for androgen-independent tumors is crucial toward developing new therapies for these patients. Understanding how androgen receptor itself functions is an important step in elucidating this process. Androgen receptor (AR), NR3C4, is a nuclear hormone receptor and functions as a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates the expression of protein-coding genes. Translocation of AR to improper gene promoter elements or DNA-binding sites can result in an alteration in gene expression and thus normal prostate function. Therefore, it is crucial to understand which AR-promoter interactions are drivers of disease, as compared to promiscuous or benign AR-binding interactions. While a large portion of our genome is considered a gene desert, it is now appreciated that these regions of the genome contain non-coding RNA genes such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These non-coding RNAs have enormous regulatory potential, as they post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to promote degradation or intervention of translational processes. In this review, we focus specifically on the notion that mis-regulation of non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs by improper AR-DNA binding are an important component that promotes prostate cancer. We also highlight the role of miR-206 and the interaction of miR-206 and AR within this process, given this is a miRNA known to be regulated by hormones in both breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Y Chua
- a State University of New York - University at Albany , Albany , NY , USA.,b The RNA Institute, State University of New York - University at Albany , Albany , NY , USA
| | - Brian D Adams
- b The RNA Institute, State University of New York - University at Albany , Albany , NY , USA.,c Department of Internal Medicine , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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Foj L, Ferrer F, Serra M, Arévalo A, Gavagnach M, Giménez N, Filella X. Exosomal and Non-Exosomal Urinary miRNAs in Prostate Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Prostate 2017; 77:573-583. [PMID: 27990656 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs, involved in post-transcriptional regulation of many target genes. METHODS Five miRNAs that have been consistently found deregulated in PCa (miR-21, miR-141, miR-214, miR-375, and let-7c) were analyzed in urinary pellets from 60 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 10 healthy subjects by qRT-PCR. Besides, urinary exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and analyzed for those miRNAs. RESULTS Significant upregulation of miR-21, miR-141, and miR-375 was found comparing PCa patients with healthy subjects in urinary pellets, while miR-214 was found significantly downregulated. Regarding urinary exosomes, miR-21 and miR-375 were also significantly upregulated in PCa but no differences were found for miR-141. Significant differences were found for let-7c in PCa in urinary exosomes while no differences were observed in urinary pellets. A panel combining miR-21 and miR-375 is suggested as the best combination to distinguish PCa patients and healthy subjects, with an AUC of 0.872. Furthermore, the association of miRNAs with clinicopathological characteristics was investigated. MiR-141 resulted significantly correlated with Gleason score in urinary pellets and let-7c with clinical stage in urinary exosomes. Additionally, miR-21, miR-141, and miR-214 were found significantly deregulated in intermediate/high-risk PCa versus low-risk/healthy subjects in urinary pellets. Significant differences between both groups were found in urinary exosomes for miR-21, miR-375, and let-7c. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the analysis of miRNAs-especially miRNA-21 and miR-375- in urine could be useful as biomarkers in PCa. Prostate 77: 573-583, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Foj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ferrer
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Català d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, Department of Clinical Sciences-Bellvitge Health Sciences Campus, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Serra
- CAP Valldoreix, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Giménez
- Research Unit, Fundació de Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Filella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Ramalho-Carvalho J, Fromm B, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Deciphering the function of non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:235-62. [PMID: 27221068 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing methods is fuelling the discovery of multiple non-coding RNA transcripts with direct implication in cell biology and homeostasis. This new layer of biological regulation seems to be of particular importance in human pathogenesis, including cancer. The aberrant expression of ncRNAs is a feature of prostate cancer, as they promote tumor-suppressive or oncogenic activities, controlling multicellular events leading to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. From the small RNAs involved in the RNAi pathway to the long non-coding RNAs controlling chromatin remodeling, alternative splicing, and DNA repair, the non-coding transcriptome represents the significant majority of transcriptional output. As such, ncRNAs appear as exciting new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. However, additional work is required to characterize the RNA species, their functions, and their applicability to clinical practice in oncology. In this review, we summarize the most important features of ncRNA biology, emphasizing its relevance in prostate carcinogenesis and its potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ramalho-Carvalho
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bastian Fromm
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal. .,Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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Huo W, Zhao G, Yin J, Ouyang X, Wang Y, Yang C, Wang B, Dong P, Wang Z, Watari H, Chaum E, Pfeffer LM, Yue J. Lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector mediated miR-21 gene editing inhibits the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:57-64. [PMID: 28123598 PMCID: PMC5264040 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) mediated genome editing is a powerful approach for loss of function studies. Here we report that lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 vectors are highly efficient in introducing mutations in the precursor miRNA sequence, thus leading to the loss of miRNA expression and function. We constructed four different lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 vectors that target different regions of the precursor miR-21 sequence and found that these lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 miR-21 gRNA vectors induced mutations in the precursor sequences as shown by DNA surveyor mutation assay and Sanger sequencing. Two miR-21 lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA vectors were selected to probe miR-21 function in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell lines. Our data demonstrate that disruption of pre-miR-21 sequences leads to reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated miR-21 gene editing sensitizes both SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Disruption of miR-21 leads to the inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells as evidenced by the upregulation of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and downregulation of mesenchymal marker genes, vimentin and Snai2. The miR-21 target genes PDCD4 and SPRY2 were upregulated in cells transduced with miR-21gRNAs compared to controls. Our study indicates that lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9-mediated miRNA gene editing is an effective approach to address miRNA function, and disruption of miR-21 inhibits EMT in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Huo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
- Department of Physiology
- Henan Agricultural University
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, P.R. China
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
| | - Jinggang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
| | - Chuanhe Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
| | - Baojing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Women's Health Educational System
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Junming Yue, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163; Fax: 901-448-3910; Phone: 901-448-2091; . Or Dr. Peixin Dong, Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Edward Chaum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Center for Cancer Research
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Junming Yue, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163; Fax: 901-448-3910; Phone: 901-448-2091; . Or Dr. Peixin Dong, Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Filella X, Foj L. miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:715-736. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally and are part of the giant non codifying genoma. Cumulating data suggest that miRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) detection is currently based in the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination. However, these methods are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse consequences associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. New biomarkers that could be used for PCa detection and prognosis are still needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expressions of microRNAs are associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. This review attempts to extensively summarize the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns, as well as their targets and involvement in PCa pathogenesis. We focused our review in the value of circulating and urine miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients, highlighting the existing discrepancies between different studies, probably associated with the important methodological issues related to their quantitation and normalization. The majority of studies have been performed in serum or plasma, but urine obtained after prostate massage appears as a new way to explore the usefulness of miRNAs. Large screening studies to select a miRNA profile have been completed, but bioinformatics tools appear as a new approach to select miRNAs that are relevant in PCa development. Promising preliminary results were published concerning miR-141, miR-375 and miR-21, but larger and prospective studies using standardized methodology are necessary to define the value of miRNAs in the detection and prognosis of PCa.
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Wadhwa B, Dumbre R. Achieving resistance specificity in prostate cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:243-247. [PMID: 27720870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate (CaP) cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in Western societies. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a critical survival pathway for prostate cancer cells, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the principal treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. Although a majority of patients initially respond to ADT, most will eventually develop castrate resistance. The recent discovery that AR signaling persists during systemic castration via intratumoral production of androgens led to the development of novel anti-androgen therapies. Although these therapies effectively palliate symptoms and prolong life, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable. Recent studies suggest that epithelial plasticity, which covers a range of changes in differentiation and cell behavior, with full epithelial integrity at one end and epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as the full realization of a plasticity is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs are involved in human tumourigenesis and are aberrantly expressed in CaP cell lines, xenografts and clinical tissues and is associated with enhanced survival signaling, proliferation, migration, invasion, integrin-mediated adhesion, EMT, and drug resistance. Due to the oncogenic or tumor suppressive properties of CaP-related miRNAs, they are likely to be of clinical use as therapeutic targets for prostate cancer treatment in the near future. This review summarizes our current understanding of CaP and castration-recurrent CaP (CR-CaP) to earlier studies that characterized ADT and the molecular mechanisms that facilitate the transition from androgen-stimulated CaP to CR-CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Wadhwa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Rashmi Dumbre
- Centre for Biotechnology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India
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48
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Feng YH, Tsao CJ. Emerging role of microRNA-21 in cancer. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:395-402. [PMID: 27699004 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of 15-27 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post-translational level. miR-21 is one of the earliest identified cancer-promoting 'oncomiRs', targeting numerous tumor suppressor genes associated with proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. The regulation of miR-21 and its role in carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated. Recent studies have focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-21 as well as its implication in the drug resistance of human malignancies. The further use of miR-21 as a biomarker and target for cancer treatments is likely to improve the outcome for patients with cancer. The present review highlights recent findings associated with the importance of miR-21 in hematological and non-hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsun Feng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Jung Tsao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Guan Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Ni J, Nong S. Association of microRNA-21 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and the risk of progression in advanced prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Prostate 2016; 76:986-93. [PMID: 27040772 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the mainstay therapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), the patients have widely variable durations of response to ADT. Unfortunately, there is limited knowledge of pre-treatment prognostic factors for response to ADT. Recently, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been reported to play an important role in development of castration resistance of CaP. However, little is known about the expression of miR-21 in advanced PCa biopsy tissues, and data on its potential predictive value in advanced PCa are completely lacking. METHODS In this study, paraffin-embedded prostate carcinoma tissues obtained by needle biopsy from 85 advanced PCa patients were evaluated for the expression levels of miR-21 by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis was performed to further confirm the qRT-PCR results. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to investigate the correlation between miR-21 expression and time to progression of advanced PCa patients. RESULTS Compared with adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues, the expression level of miR-21 was significantly increased in PCa tissues (PCa vs. non-cancerous prostate: 1.3273 ± 0.3207 vs. 0.9970 ± 0.2054, P < 0.001). By and large, in ISH analysis miR-21 was expressed at a higher level in tumor areas than in adjacent non-cancerous areas. Additionally, PCa patients with higher expression of miR-21 were significantly more likely to be of high Gleason score and high clinical stage (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between miR-21 expression and the initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level or age at diagnosis. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that PCa patients with high miR-21 expression have shorter progression-free survival than those with low miR-21 expression. Furthermore, Multivariate Cox analysis revealed both miR-21 expression status (P = 0.040) and clinical stage (P = 0.042) were all independent predictive factor for progression-free survival for advanced PCa. CONCLUSION These findings suggest for the first time that the up-regulation of miR-21 may serve as an independent predictor of progress-free survival in patients with advanced PCa. Prostate 76:986-993, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Guan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Nong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
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Marcucci F, Stassi G, De Maria R. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a new target in anticancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:311-25. [PMID: 26822829 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of cells with an epithelial phenotype into cells with a mesenchymal phenotype, referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is a critical process for embryonic development that also occurs in adult life, particularly during tumour progression. Tumour cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition acquire the capacity to disarm the body's antitumour defences, resist apoptosis and anticancer drugs, disseminate throughout the organism, and act as a reservoir that replenishes and expands the tumour cell population. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is therefore becoming a target of prime interest for anticancer therapy. Here, we discuss the screening and classification of compounds that affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition, highlight some compounds of particular interest, and address issues related to their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Scientific Directorate, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy. Present address: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 131, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Directorate, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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