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Merrick BA, Martin NP, Brooks AM, Foley JF, Dunlap PE, Ramaiahgari S, Fannin RD, Gerrish KE. Insights into Repeated Renal Injury Using RNA-Seq with Two New RPTEC Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14228. [PMID: 37762531 PMCID: PMC10531624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) are a primary site for kidney injury. We created two RPTEC lines from CD-1 mice immortalized with hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) or SV40 LgT antigen (Simian Virus 40 Large T antigen). Our hypothesis was that low-level, repeated exposure to subcytotoxic levels of 0.25-2.5 μM cisplatin (CisPt) or 12.5-100 μM aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) would activate distinctive genes and pathways in these two differently immortalized cell lines. RNA-seq showed only LgT cells responded to AFB1 with 1139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 72 h. The data suggested that AFB1 had direct nephrotoxic properties on the LgT cells. However, both the cell lines responded to 2.5 μM CisPt from 3 to 96 h expressing 2000-5000 total DEGs. For CisPt, the findings indicated a coordinated transcriptional program of injury signals and repair from the expression of immune receptors with cytokine and chemokine secretion for leukocyte recruitment; robust expression of synaptic and substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs) facilitating the expression of neural and hormonal receptors, ion channels/transporters, and trophic factors; and the expression of nephrogenesis transcription factors. Pathway analysis supported the concept of a renal repair transcriptome. In summary, these cell lines provide in vitro models for the improved understanding of repeated renal injury and repair mechanisms. High-throughput screening against toxicant libraries should provide a wider perspective of their capabilities in nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Alex Merrick
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Negin P. Martin
- Viral Vector Core, Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Ashley M. Brooks
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Julie F. Foley
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Paul E. Dunlap
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Sreenivasa Ramaiahgari
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Rick D. Fannin
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (R.D.F.)
| | - Kevin E. Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (R.D.F.)
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2
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Park H. Unraveling the Molecular Puzzle: Exploring Gene Networks across Diverse EMT Status of Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12784. [PMID: 37628965 PMCID: PMC10454379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex disease mechanisms requires a comprehensive understanding of the gene regulatory networks, as complex diseases are often characterized by the dysregulation and dysfunction of molecular networks, rather than abnormalities in single genes. Specifically, the exploration of cell line-specific gene networks can provide essential clues for precision medicine, as this methodology can uncover molecular interplays specific to particular cell line statuses, such as drug sensitivity, cancer progression, etc. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of computational strategies for cell line-specific gene network analysis: (1) cell line-specific gene regulatory network estimation and analysis of gene networks under varying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) statuses of cell lines; and (2) an explainable artificial intelligence approach for interpreting the estimated massive multiple EMT-status-specific gene networks. The objective of this review is to help readers grasp the concept of computational network biology, which holds significant implications for precision medicine by offering crucial clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Park
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
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3
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Sato K, Yoshino H, Sato Y, Nakano M, Tsuruga E. ΔNp63 Regulates Radioresistance in Human Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6262-6271. [PMID: 37623213 PMCID: PMC10453785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, recurrence results from the development of radioresistant cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance in HNSCC. Previously, we showed that the inhibition of karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), a factor in the nuclear transport system, enhances radiation-induced cytotoxicity, specifically in HNSCC cells, and decreases the localization of SCC-specific transcription factor ΔNp63. This suggests that ΔNp63 may be a KPNB1-carrying nucleoprotein that regulates radioresistance in HNSCC. Here, we determined whether ΔNp63 is involved in the radioresistance of HNSCC cells. Cell survival was measured by a colony formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V staining and cleaved caspase-3 expression. The results indicate that ΔNp63 knockdown decreased the survival of irradiated HNSCC cells, increased radiation-induced annexin V+ cells, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. These results show that ΔNp63 is involved in the radioresistance of HNSCC cells. We further investigated which specific karyopherin-α (KPNA) molecules, partners of KPNB1 for nuclear transport, are involved in nuclear ΔNp63 expression. The analysis of nuclear ΔNp63 protein expression suggests that KPNA1 is involved in nuclear ΔNp63 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that ΔNp63 is a KPNB1-carrying nucleoprotein that regulates radioresistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan;
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
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4
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Xu Y, Yang X, Xiong Q, Han J, Zhu Q. The dual role of p63 in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116061. [PMID: 37182132 PMCID: PMC10174455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family is made up of three transcription factors: p53, p63, and p73. These proteins are well-known regulators of cell function and play a crucial role in controlling various processes related to cancer progression, including cell division, proliferation, genomic stability, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. In response to extra- or intracellular stress or oncogenic stimulation, all members of the p53 family are mutated in structure or altered in expression levels to affect the signaling network, coordinating many other pivotal cellular processes. P63 exists as two main isoforms (TAp63 and ΔNp63) that have been contrastingly discovered; the TA and ΔN isoforms exhibit distinguished properties by promoting or inhibiting cancer progression. As such, p63 isoforms comprise a fully mysterious and challenging regulatory pathway. Recent studies have revealed the intricate role of p63 in regulating the DNA damage response (DDR) and its impact on diverse cellular processes. In this review, we will highlight the significance of how p63 isoforms respond to DNA damage and cancer stem cells, as well as the dual role of TAp63 and ΔNp63 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Xu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunli Xiong
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
| | - Qing Zhu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
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5
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The DeltaN p63 Promotes EMT and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer by the PTEN/AKT Signalling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9566055. [PMID: 35463095 PMCID: PMC9019423 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9566055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common tumour of the urinary system, and more than 90% is urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, it is important for discovering the key target genes and molecules of bladder tumour cell metastasis and invasion. Our research initially explored the regulation of deltaN p63 on the progression and metastasis of bladder cancer and found that deltaN p63 can influence the occurrence of EMT through PTEN and ultimately regulate the growth and metastasis of bladder cancer. In summary, this study identified a new EMT regulator, deltaN p63, further revealed the mechanism of the invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer cells, and provided a theoretical basis for finding new target molecules and drugs to treat bladder cancer. In conclusion, this study will further reveal the mechanism of tumour cell invasion and metastasis and provide a theoretical basis for cancer treatment to find new target molecules and drugs.
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6
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Xu J, Li F, Gao Y, Guo R, Ding L, Fu M, Yi Y, Chen H, Xiao ZXJ, Niu M. E47 upregulates ΔNp63α to promote growth of squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:381. [PMID: 33833226 PMCID: PMC8032790 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has greatly improved both survival and prognosis of cancer patients. However, while therapeutic treatment of adenocarcinoma has been advanced greatly, progress in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been slow and ineffective. Therefore, it is of great importance to decipher mechanisms and identify new drug targets involved in squamous cell carcinoma development. In this study, we demonstrate that E47 plays the distinctive and opposite roles on cell proliferation in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. While E47 suppresses cell proliferation in adenocarcinoma cells, it functions as a oncoprotein to promote cell proliferation and tumor growth of squamous cell carcinoma. Mechanistically, we show that E47 can directly bind to the promoter and transactivate ΔNp63 gene expression in squamous cell carcinoma cells, resulting in upregulation of cyclins D1/E1 and downregulation of p21, and thereby promoting cell proliferation and tumor growth. We further show that expression of E2A (E12/E47) is positively correlated with p63 and that high expression of E2A is associated with poor outcomes in clinical samples of squamous cell carcinoma. These results highlight that the E47-ΔNp63α axis may be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengtian Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongtian Guo
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangping Ding
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Fu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Xie C, Zhu J, Yang X, Huang C, Zhou L, Meng Z, Li X, Zhong C. TAp63α Is Involved in Tobacco Smoke-Induced Lung Cancer EMT and the Anti-cancer Activity of Curcumin via miR-19 Transcriptional Suppression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645402. [PMID: 33748140 PMCID: PMC7970191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key risk factor for lung cancer, tobacco smoke (TS) influences several cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). TAp63α is a crucial transcription factor involved in tumor progression. The present study was designed to investigate the potential role and underlying mechanisms of TAp63α in TS-induced lung cancer EMT. We found that compared to normal tissues, the tumor tissues collected from lung cancer patients showed a lower level of TAp63α expression, along with downregulated E-cadherin expression and upregulated Vimentin expression. Results of treatment with TAp63α and TAp63α siRNA as well as with tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) showed that TAp63α acted as a tumor suppressor gene, and its upregulated expression suppressed lung cancer EMT. Significantly, TS exposure altered expression of EMT-related markers, enhanced cell migratory and invasive capacities, and decreased the TAp63α expression level in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of TAp63α significantly alleviated TS-stimulated lung cancer EMT. Mechanistically, TAp63α expression transcriptionally reduced the miR-19 level, which resulted in the suppression of lung cancer EMT. Additionally, as a natural compound possessing anti-cancer effects, curcumin inhibited TS-induced lung cancer EMT by increasing TAp63α expression and reducing miR-19 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that TAp63α inhibits TS-induced lung cancer EMT via transcriptionally suppressing miR-19 and the inhibitory effect of TAp63α on miR-19 mediates the anti-cancer action of curcumin. These findings provide new insights into novel targets for lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Digestive Disease and Nutrition Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Guangde Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Guangde, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Park H, Maruhashi K, Yamaguchi R, Imoto S, Miyano S. Global gene network exploration based on explainable artificial intelligence approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241508. [PMID: 33156825 PMCID: PMC7647077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, personalized gene regulatory networks have received significant attention, and interpretation of the multilayer networks has been a critical issue for a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory systems. Although several statistical and machine learning approaches have been developed and applied to reveal sample-specific regulatory pathways, integrative understanding of the massive multilayer networks remains a challenge. To resolve this problem, we propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI) strategy for comprehensive gene regulatory network analysis. In our strategy, personalized gene networks corresponding specific clinical characteristic are constructed and the constructed network is considered as a second-order tensor. Then, an explainable AI method based on deep learning is applied to decompose the multilayer networks, thus we can reveal all-encompassing gene regulatory systems characterized by clinical features of patients. To evaluate the proposed methodology, we apply our method to the multilayer gene networks under varying conditions of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. From the comprehensive analysis of multilayer networks, we identified novel markers, and the biological mechanisms of the identified genes and their reciprocal mechanisms are verified through the literature. Although any biological knowledge about the identified genes was not incorporated in our analysis, our data-driven approach based on AI approach provides biologically reliable results. Furthermore, the results provide crucial evidences to reveal biological mechanism related to various diseases, e.g., keratinocyte proliferation. The use of explainable AI method based on the tensor decomposition enables us to reveal global and novel mechanisms of gene regulatory system from the massive multiple networks, which cannot be demonstrated by existing methods. We expect that the proposed method provides a new insight into network biology and it will be a useful tool to integrative gene network analysis related complex architectures of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Park
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Zhang KD, Hu B, Cen G, Yang YH, Chen WW, Guo ZY, Wang XF, Zhao Q, Qiu ZJ. MiR-301a transcriptionally activated by HIF-2α promotes hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting TP63 in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2349-2373. [PMID: 32476798 PMCID: PMC7243651 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. PC metastasis involves a complex set of events, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), that increase tumor cell invasiveness. Recent evidence has shown that hypoxia is a major EMT regulator in pancreatic cancer cells and facilitates metastasis; however, the mechanisms remain elusive. AIM To investigate the role of miR-301a in hypoxia-induced EMT in PC cells. METHODS Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of miR-301a and EMT markers in PDAC cells cultured in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of EMT markers in PDAC cells with miR-301a overexpression. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the migration capabilities of PDAC cells with miR-301a overexpression and knockout. Luciferase assay was used to detect the miR-301a promoter and the 3' untranslated region activity of TP63. Orthotopic PC mouse models were used to study the role of miR-301a in metastasis of PDAC cells in vivo. In situ hybridization assay was used to detect the expression of miR-301a in PDAC patient samples (adjacent paratumor and paired tumor tissues). . RESULTS Hypoxic environment could directly promote the EMT of PC cells. The expression level of miR-301a was increased in a HIF2α dependent manner in hypoxia-cultured CFPAC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Overexpression of miR-301a enhanced the hypoxia-induced EMT of PC cells, while knocking out miR-301a result in the suppression of hypoxia-induced EMT. TP63 was a direct target of miR-301a and involved in the metastatic process of PC cells. Furthermore, miR-301a upregulation facilitated PDAC distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis in vivo. Additionally, miR-301a overexpression was indicative of aggressive clinicopathological behaviors and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION The newly identified HIF-2α-miR301a-TP63 signaling pathway may play a crucial role in hypoxia-induced EMT in PDAC cells.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/analysis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Gang Cen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yu-Han Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zeng-Ya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology and Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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10
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Bunchongprasert K, Shao J. Impact of Media in Transport Study on Cell Monolayer Integrity and Permeability. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1145-1152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome with unusual cutaneous vitiligoid and psoriasiform lesions due to a novel single point TP63 gene mutation. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:358-364. [PMID: 31333354 PMCID: PMC6640015 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.73437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Sun W, Zhang J, Chen X. Serine 195 phosphorylation in the RNA-binding protein Rbm38 increases p63 expression by modulating Rbm38's interaction with the Ago2-miR203 complex. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2449-2459. [PMID: 30567739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 transcription factor, a p53 family protein, regulates genes involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation. We previously showed that RNA-binding motif protein (Rbm38) is a p63 target and, in turn, regulates p63α mRNA stability by binding to the AU/U-rich element in its 3'UTR. Interestingly, Rbm38 can be phosphorylated at serine 195, altering its ability to regulate mRNA translation. However, whether the Ser-195 phosphorylation affects Rbm38's ability to destabilize p63 mRNA remains unclear. Here, using MCF7 and HaCaT cells, we showed that ectopic expression of phosphomimetic Rbm38-S195D increases, whereas WT Rbm38 and nonphosphorylatable Rbm38-S195A decrease p63α protein and transcript levels. We also found that upon activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), phosphorylation of Rbm38 at Ser-195 is increased, enhancing p63α expression in an Rbm38-dependent manner. To confirm this, we generated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) in which Ser-193 in mouse Rbm38 (equivalent to Ser-195 in human Rbm38) was substituted with aspartic acid (Rbm38S193D/S193D ) or alanine (Rbm38S193A/S193A ). We observed that the p63 transcript level was increased in Rbm38S193D/S193D MEFs, but decreased in Rbm38S193A/S193A MEFs. Mechanistically, we found that WT Rbm38, but not Rbm38-S195D, is required for p63 mRNA degradation mediated by microRNA 203 (miR203). Furthermore, we noted that Argonaute 2 (Ago2), a key regulator in microRNA-mediated mRNA decay, associates with WT Rbm38, and this association was reduced by Ser-195 phosphorylation. Together, our results reveal a critical mechanism by which Ser-195 phosphorylation in Rbm38 increases p63 expression by attenuating the association of Rbm38 with the Ago2-miR203 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- From the Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616 and
| | - Xiuli Feng
- From the Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616 and.,the College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- From the Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616 and
| | - Jin Zhang
- From the Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616 and
| | - Xinbin Chen
- From the Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616 and
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13
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Srivastava K, Pickard A, Craig SG, Quinn GP, Lambe SM, James JA, McDade SS, McCance DJ. ΔNp63γ/SRC/Slug Signaling Axis Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Squamous Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3917-3927. [PMID: 29739791 PMCID: PMC6098695 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its importance in tumor invasion.Experimental Design: We use a three-dimensional invasive organotypic raft culture model of human foreskin keratinocytes expressing the E6/E7 genes of the human papilloma virus-16, coupled with bioinformatic and IHC analysis of patient samples to investigate the role played by EMT in invasion and identify effectors and upstream regulatory pathways.Results: We identify SNAI2 (Slug) as a critical effector of EMT-activated downstream of TP63 overexpression in HNSCC. Splice-form-specific depletion and rescue experiments further identify the ΔNp63γ isoform as both necessary and sufficient to activate the SRC signaling axis and SNAI2-mediated EMT and invasion. Moreover, elevated SRC levels are associated with poor outcome in patients with HNSCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Importantly, the effects on EMT and invasions and SNAI2 expression can be reversed by genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SRC.Conclusions: Overexpression of ΔNp63γ modulates cell invasion by inducing targetable SRC-Slug-evoked EMT in HNSCC, which can be reversed by inhibitors of the SRC signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3917-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtiman Srivastava
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Pickard
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard P Quinn
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Shauna M Lambe
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Dennis J McCance
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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14
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Yoshimoto T, Kobayashi S, Kanetaka K, Kobayashi K, Nagata Y, Morita M, Isagawa Y, Kinoshita N, Takatsuki M, Eguchi S. Preoperative chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced esophageal carcinosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Case Rep 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 29455418 PMCID: PMC5816731 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-018-0425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a relatively rare malignant neoplasm composed of both epithelial carcinomatous and mesenchymal sarcomatous elements. There is no recommended clinical treatment for esophageal carcinosarcoma because of the rarity of the disease. This report describes a case of esophageal carcinosarcoma that was effectively treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil as preoperative chemotherapy. Case presentation A 73-year-old man had a chief complaint of dysphagia with epigastric pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a polypoid neoplasm combined with an infiltrative ulcer that exhibited a mixture of squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcoma histologically. Computed tomography findings showed swollen lymph nodes in the mediastinum and around the cardia. We diagnosed esophageal carcinosarcoma cT3N1M0 cStage III. After preoperative chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil, the patient underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection. Histological findings revealed that the sarcomatous component had completely disappeared and the carcinomatous component was only confined by the basement membrane with scar formation of the muscularis propria. Mural fibrotic lesions were observed in several resected regional lymph nodes. Hence, immediately after preoperative therapy, the esophageal carcinosarcoma was diagnosed as ypTisN0M0 fStage I. The patient remained alive without tumor recurrence at 12 months after the operation. Conclusions A review of the literature revealed that there is still no established therapeutic strategy for locally advanced esophageal carcinosarcoma, especially against the sarcomatous component. We herein provide the first report in which the sarcomatous component showed a complete response to preoperative chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. Preoperative chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy may achieve definitive treatment for locally advanced esophageal carcinosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagata
- Center for Comprehensive Community Care Education, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Michi Morita
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Yuriko Isagawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Naoe Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Katafuchi 2-5-1, Nagasaki, 850-0003, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan.
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15
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Zhang Y, Qian Y, Zhang J, Yan W, Jung YS, Chen M, Huang E, Lloyd K, Duan Y, Wang J, Liu G, Chen X. Ferredoxin reductase is critical for p53-dependent tumor suppression via iron regulatory protein 2. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1243-1256. [PMID: 28747430 PMCID: PMC5558926 DOI: 10.1101/gad.299388.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Chen and colleagues investigated the biological function of ferredoxin reductase (FDXR), a target of p53. They generated a Fdxr-deficient mouse model and found that the signal from FDXR to iron homeostasis and the p53 pathway was transduced by ferredoxin 2, a substrate of FDXR, and that p53 played a role in iron homeostasis and was required for FDXR-mediated iron metabolism, suggesting that the FDXR–p53 loop is critical for tumor suppression via iron homeostasis. Ferredoxin reductase (FDXR), a target of p53, modulates p53-dependent apoptosis and is necessary for steroidogenesis and biogenesis of iron–sulfur clusters. To determine the biological function of FDXR, we generated a Fdxr-deficient mouse model and found that loss of Fdxr led to embryonic lethality potentially due to iron overload in developing embryos. Interestingly, mice heterozygous in Fdxr had a short life span and were prone to spontaneous tumors and liver abnormalities, including steatosis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We also found that FDXR was necessary for mitochondrial iron homeostasis and proper expression of several master regulators of iron metabolism, including iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2). Surprisingly, we found that p53 mRNA translation was suppressed by FDXR deficiency via IRP2. Moreover, we found that the signal from FDXR to iron homeostasis and the p53 pathway was transduced by ferredoxin 2, a substrate of FDXR. Finally, we found that p53 played a role in iron homeostasis and was required for FDXR-mediated iron metabolism. Together, we conclude that FDXR and p53 are mutually regulated and that the FDXR–p53 loop is critical for tumor suppression via iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Wensheng Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis Health, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis Health, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis Health, Sacramento, California 95616, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201 USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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16
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Yan W, Zhang Y, Chen X. TAp63γ and ΔNp63γ are regulated by RBM38 via mRNA stability and have an opposing function in growth suppression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78327-78339. [PMID: 29108232 PMCID: PMC5667965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 gene is expressed as TAp63 from the P1 promoter and as ΔNp63 from the P2 promoter. Through alternative splicing, five TA and five ΔN isoforms (α-ε) are expressed. Isoforms α-β and δ share an identical 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) whereas isoform γ has a unique 3’UTR. Recently, we found that RBM38 RNA-binding protein is a target of p63 and RBM38 in turn regulates p63α/β expression via mRNA stability. However, it is uncertain whether p63γ has a unique biological activity and whether p63γ is regulated by RBM38. Here, we found that the levels of ΔNp63γ transcript and protein are induced upon overexpression of RBM38 but decreased by RBM38 knockdown. Conversely, we found that the levels of ΔNp63β transcript and protein are decreased by ectopic expression of RBM38 but increased by RBM38 knockdown, consistent with our previous report. Interestingly, RBM38 increases the half-life of p63γ mRNA by binding to a GU-rich element in p63γ 3’UTR. In contrast, our previous studies showed that RBM38 decreases the half-life of p63α/β mRNAs by binding to AU-/U-rich elements in their 3’UTR. We also found that knockout of p63γ in ME180 and HaCaT cells, in which ΔNp63 isoforms are predominant, inhibits cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that ΔNp63γ has a pro-growth activity. In contrast, we found that knockout of TAp63γ in MIA PaCa-2 cells, in which TAp63 isoforms are predominant, promotes cell proliferation, migration, and inhibits cellular senescence. Taken together, we conclude that ΔNp63γ has an oncogenic potential whereas TAp63γ is a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yan
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- The Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
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17
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ΔNp63α is a common inhibitory target in oncogenic PI3K/Ras/Her2-induced cell motility and tumor metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3964-E3973. [PMID: 28468801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617816114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Ras, and Her2 signaling plays a critical role in cancer development. Hotspot constitutive activating mutations in oncogenes, such as PIK3CA encoding the p110α catalytic subunit or RAS, as well as overexpression of Her2, are frequently found in human tumors and cancers. It has been well established that activation of these oncogenes profoundly promotes tumor metastasis, whereas decreased expression of ΔNp63α, the major protein isoform of the p53-related p63 expressed in epithelial cells, has been associated with cancer metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that hotspot oncogenic mutations on PIK3CA and RAS, including p110αH1047R, K-RasG12V, and H-RasG12V, as well as activation of Her2, all led to suppression of ΔNp63α expression via Akt-fork-head transcription factor 3a (Akt-FOXO3a) signaling, resulting in increased cell motility and tumor metastasis. Expression of ΔNp63α effectively reversed p110αH1047R-, K-RasG12V-, H-RasG12V-, or Her2-induced cell motility in vitro and tumor metastasis in mouse models. We show that ΔNp63α was a direct FOXO3a transcriptional target and that expression of FOXO3a and ΔNp63α was correlated in human cancer biopsy samples. Together, these results demonstrate that ΔNp63α is a common inhibitory target of oncogenic PI3K, Ras, and Her2, and that ΔNp63α may function as a critical integrator of oncogenic signaling in cancer metastasis.
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18
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, He J, Fu Y, Lin C, Li X. MicroRNA-133b is regulated by TAp63 while no gene mutation is present in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1646-1652. [PMID: 28098895 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of miR-133b has been reported in multiple types of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously confirmed that TAp63 actively translates microRNA-133b (miR-133b) transcripts. While the presence of miRNA mutations have frequently been described in CRC, most CRCs do not show any variation in the miR‑133b coding sequence. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the relationship between TAp63 and miR-133b, and identify other mediators of miR-133b downregulation in CRC. The expression of TAp63 was detected by RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and densitometric analysis using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software in 38 CRC and corresponding non-cancerous tissues (NCTs). The expression of mature miR‑133b was determined by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) and densitometric analysis using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The DNA from 38 CRC tissues and NCTs were screened for miR-133b mutations through sequence analysis. Compared with the NCTs, TAp63 mRNA expression was significantly lower in 21 (55.27%) tumor tissues. Compared with the NCTs, the miR‑133b expression level was significantly lower in 31 (81.58%) tumor tissues. The expression of miR‑133b was found to be positively correlated with TAp63. Loss of TAp63 and miR-133b was associated with an increased likelihood of metastatic events. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of TAp63 for CRC was 0.623 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.497-0.748; P=0.046], with 73.7% sensitivity and 50% specificity, respectively. The AUC of miR-133b for CRC was 0.857 (95% CI, 0.774‑0.940; P<0.0001), with 78.9% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity, respectively. The combined AUC of TAp63 and miR-133b for CRC was 0.881 (95% CI, 0.805-0.956; P<0.0001), with 89.5% sensitivity and 71.1% specificity, respectively. Point mutations within the seed region of miR-133b were found in 1 patient, but the point mutation did not impact the secondary structure of the pre-miR-133b. Therefore, downregulation of TAp63 may be one reason for the dysregulation of miR‑133b in CRC. The expression analysis of TAp63 and miR-133b revealed that they may be used as valuable prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhuai He
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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19
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Iwanicki MP, Chen HY, Iavarone C, Zervantonakis IK, Muranen T, Novak M, Ince TA, Drapkin R, Brugge JS. Mutant p53 regulates ovarian cancer transformed phenotypes through autocrine matrix deposition. JCI Insight 2016; 1:86829. [PMID: 27482544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa) harbors p53 mutations and can originate from the epithelial cell compartment of the fallopian tube fimbriae. From this site, neoplastic cells detach, survive in the peritoneal cavity, and form cellular clusters that intercalate into the mesothelium to form ovarian and peritoneal masses. To examine the contribution of mutant p53 to phenotypic alterations associated with HGS-OvCA, we developed live-cell microscopy assays that recapitulate these early events in cultured fallopian tube nonciliated epithelial (FNE) cells. Expression of stabilizing mutant variants of p53, but not depletion of endogenous wild-type p53, in FNE cells promoted survival and cell-cell aggregation under conditions of cell detachment, leading to the formation of cell clusters with mesothelium-intercalation capacity. Mutant p53R175H-induced phenotypes were dependent on fibronectin production, α5β1 fibronectin receptor engagement, and TWIST1 expression. These results indicate that FNE cells expressing stabilizing p53 mutants acquire anchorage independence and subsequent mesothelial intercalation capacity through a mechanism involving mesenchymal transition and matrix production. These findings provide important new insights into activities of mutant p53 in the cells of origin of HGS-OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Iwanicki
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Iavarone
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Taru Muranen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marián Novak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tan A Ince
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Pifer PM, Farris JC, Thomas AL, Stoilov P, Denvir J, Smith DM, Frisch SM. Grainyhead-like 2 inhibits the coactivator p300, suppressing tubulogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2479-92. [PMID: 27251061 PMCID: PMC4966987 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GRHL2 suppresses EMT to give a default epithelial phenotype. GRHL2 inhibits this process through the histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300, repressing the partial EMT and preventing induction of MMPs. The results demonstrate novel roles for p300 and GRHL2 in promoting or suppressing EMT in morphogenesis and tumor progression. Developmental morphogenesis and tumor progression require a transient or stable breakdown of epithelial junctional complexes to permit programmed migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance, characteristics endowed by the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial master-regulatory transcription factor Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) suppresses and reverses EMT, causing a mesenchymal–epithelial transition to the default epithelial phenotype. Here we investigated the role of GRHL2 in tubulogenesis of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, a process requiring transient, partial EMT. GRHL2 was required for cystogenesis, but it suppressed tubulogenesis in response to hepatocyte growth factor. Surprisingly, GRHL2 suppressed this process by inhibiting the histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300, preventing the induction of matrix metalloproteases and other p300-dependent genes required for tubulogenesis. A 13–amino acid region of GRHL2 was necessary for inhibition of p300, suppression of tubulogenesis, and interference with EMT. The results demonstrate that p300 is required for partial or complete EMT occurring in tubulogenesis or tumor progression and that GRHL2 suppresses EMT in both contexts through inhibition of p300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Pifer
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Joshua C Farris
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Alyssa L Thomas
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Steven M Frisch
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
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21
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P73 tumor suppressor and its targets, p21 and PUMA, are required for madin-darby canine kidney cell morphogenesis by maintaining an appropriate level of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13994-4004. [PMID: 26101856 PMCID: PMC4546446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P73, a member of p53 tumor suppressor family, plays a crucial role in tumor suppression and neural development. Due to the usage of two promoters, p73 is expressed as two isoforms, TAp73 and ΔNp73, with opposing functions. Here, we investigated the potential role of p73 in epithelial polarity and morphogenesis by using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells as a model system. We found that knockdown of TAp73 enhances, whereas knockdown of ΔNp73 inhibits, MDCK cell proliferation and migration in two-dimensional (2-D) culture. We also found that knockdown of TAp73, but not ΔNp73, disrupts cyst formation of MDCK cells in three-dimensional (3-D) culture. Interestingly, we found that p21 and PUMA, both of which are induced by TAp73 but repressed by ΔNp73, are required for suppressing cell proliferation and migration in 2-D culture and for MDCK ce ll morphogenesis in 3-D culture. Finally, we showed knockdown of TAp73, p21 or PUMA induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in EMT transcription factors. Together, our data suggest that TAp73, p21 and PUMA play a critical role in modulating MDCK cell morphogenesis by maintaining an appropriate level of the EMT.
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22
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Khan MI, Hamid A, Adhami VM, Lall RK, Mukhtar H. Role of epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate tumorigenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:1240-8. [PMID: 25506896 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666141211120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the cancer associated deaths are generally attributed to the spread of cancerous cells or their features to the nearby or distant secondary organs by a process known as metastasis. Among other factors, the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells is attributed to the reactivation of an evolutionary conserved developmental program known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, fully differentiated epithelial cells undergo a series of dramatic changes in their morphology, along with loss of cell to cell contact and matrix remodeling into less differentiated and invasive mesenchymal cells. Many studies provide evidence for the existence of EMT like states in prostate cancer (PCa) and suggest its possible involvement in PCa progression and metastasis. At the same time, the lack of conclusive evidence regarding the presence of full EMT in human PCa samples has somewhat dampened the interest in the field. However, ongoing EMT research provides new perspectives and unveils the enormous potential of this field in tailoring new therapeutic regimens for PCa management. This review summarizes the role of many transcription factors and other molecules that drive EMT during prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Medical Science Center, Rm B-25, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706.
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Suzuki D, Sahu R, Leu NA, Senoo M. The carboxy-terminus of p63 links cell cycle control and the proliferative potential of epidermal progenitor cells. Development 2014; 142:282-90. [PMID: 25503409 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 (Trp63) plays a key role in homeostasis and regeneration of the skin. The p63 gene is transcribed from dual promoters, generating TAp63 isoforms with growth suppressive functions and dominant-negative ΔNp63 isoforms with opposing properties. p63 also encodes multiple carboxy (C)-terminal variants. Although mutations of C-terminal variants have been linked to the pathogenesis of p63-associated ectodermal disorders, the physiological role of the p63 C-terminus is poorly understood. We report here that deletion of the p63 C-terminus in mice leads to ectodermal malformation and hypoplasia, accompanied by a reduced proliferative capacity of epidermal progenitor cells. Notably, unlike the p63-null condition, we find that p63 C-terminus deficiency promotes expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1) (Cdkn1a), a factor associated with reduced proliferative capacity of both hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells. These data suggest that the p63 C-terminus plays a key role in the cell cycle progression required to maintain the proliferative potential of stem cells of many different lineages. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Cα, the predominant C-terminal p63 variant in epithelia, promotes the transcriptional activity of TAp63 and also impairs the dominant-negative activity of ΔNp63, thereby controlling p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. We propose that the p63 C-terminus links cell cycle control and the proliferative potential of epidermal progenitor cells via mechanisms that equilibrate TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoform function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raju Sahu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Senoo
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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24
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Lin CW, Li XR, Zhang Y, Hu G, Guo YH, Zhou JY, Du J, Lv L, Gao K, Zhang Y, Deng H. TAp63 suppress metastasis via miR-133b in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2310-20. [PMID: 24594999 PMCID: PMC4007221 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAp63 is a tumour-suppressor protein that is often underexpressed in various types of cancer. It has been shown to activate gene transcription depending on the transcription domain and to be closely related with metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that TAp63 suppresses metastasis in colon cancer cells through microRNA-133b. METHODS We evaluated the correlation of TAp63 and miR-133b with HT-29 and SW-620 cells and investigated the roles of TAp63 in the expression of RhoA, E-cadherin and vimentin. We further investigated the roles of TAp63-mediated invasion and migration of colon cancer cells. RESULTS TAp63 expression is downregulated in colon cancer, and microRNA-133b is a transcriptional target of TAp63. Furthermore, microRNA-133b is essential for the inhibitory effects of TAp63 on RhoA, E-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, TAp63 inhibits cell migration and invasion through microRNA-133b. Correspondingly, the inhibitory effect of TAp63 on RhoA, E-cadherin, vimentin, migration and invasion can be blocked by the microRNA-133b inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS TAp63 and microRNA-133b were able to suppress the metastasis of colon cancer. Both TAp63 and microRNA-133b may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis in colon cancer metastasis and may provide unique therapeutic targets for this common malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - G Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - J Y Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - J Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - L Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - K Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - H Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
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25
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Mutant p53 cooperates with knockdown of endogenous wild-type p53 to disrupt tubulogenesis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85624. [PMID: 24386484 PMCID: PMC3874028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration in human malignances and associated clinically with tumor progression and metastasis. To determine the effect of mutant p53 on epithelial differentiation, we developed three-dimensional culture (3-D) of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We found that parental MDCK cells undergo a series of morphological changes and form polarized and growth-arrested cysts with hollow lumen, which resembles branching tubules in vitro. We also found that upon knockdown of endogenous wild-type p53 (p53-KD), MDCK cells still form normal cysts in 3-D culture, indicating that p53-KD alone is not sufficient to disrupt cysts formation. However, we found that ectopic expression of mutant R163H (human equivalent R175H) or R261H (human equivalent R273H) in MDCK cells leads to disruption of cyst polarity and formation of invasive aggregates, which is further compounded by knockdown of endogenous wild-type p53. Consistently, we found that expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors (Snail-1, Slug and Twist) is altered by mutant p53, which is also compounded by knockdown of wild-type p53. Moreover, the expression level of c-Met, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor and a key regulator of kidney cell tubulogenesis, is enhanced by combined knockdown of endogenous wild-type p53 and ectopic expression of mutant R163H or R261H but not by each individually. Together, our data suggest that upon inactivating mutation of the p53 gene, mutant p53 acquires its gain of function by altering morphogenesis and promoting cell migration and invasion in part by upregulating EMT and c-Met.
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Poly (C)-binding protein 1 regulates p63 expression through mRNA stability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71724. [PMID: 23940783 PMCID: PMC3737132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p63, a transcription factor and p53 family protein, plays a crucial role in tumor suppression and development of various epithelial tissues. While p63 expression is controlled mostly by post-translational modifications, recent studies indicate that transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations are essential for proper p63 expression. Here, we investigated the regulation of p63 expression by poly (C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1, also known as hnRNP-E1 and αCP1). We found that knockdown of PCBP1 decreases the level of p63 transcript and protein. We also found that PCBP1 regulates the stability of p63 mRNA via binding to p63 3’UTR. Additionally, we found that a CU-rich element (CUE) in p63 3′UTR is bound by and responsive to PCBP1. Together, we conclude that PCBP1 regulates p63 expression via mRNA stability.
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