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Wang W, Lopez McDonald MC, Hariprasad R, Hamilton T, Frank DA. Oncogenic STAT Transcription Factors as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Innovative Strategies and Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1387. [PMID: 38611065 PMCID: PMC11011165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of molecular aspects of oncogenesis, cancer remains a leading cause of death. The malignant behavior of a cancer cell is driven by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. In particular, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which regulate many critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, are frequently activated inappropriately in a wide spectrum of human cancers. Multiple signaling pathways converge on the STATs, highlighting their importance in the development and progression of oncogenic diseases. STAT3 and STAT5 are two members of the STAT protein family that are the most frequently activated in cancers and can drive cancer pathogenesis directly. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations in the last decade, although effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we investigate the specific roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in normal physiology and cancer biology, discuss the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators, and offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to identify STAT inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Melanie Cristina Lopez McDonald
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Tiara Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
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Guérin C, Vinchent A, Fernandes M, Damour I, Laratte A, Tellier R, Estevam GO, Meneboo JP, Villenet C, Descarpentries C, Fraser JS, Figeac M, Cortot AB, Rouleau E, Tulasne D. MET variants with activating N-lobe mutations identified in hereditary papillary renal cell carcinomas still require ligand stimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565283. [PMID: 37965202 PMCID: PMC10635098 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRCC), the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations recorded to date are located in the kinase domain and lead to constitutive MET activation. This contrasts with MET mutations recently identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which lead to exon 14 skipping and deletion of a regulatory domain: in this latter case, the mutated receptor still requires ligand stimulation. Sequencing of MET in samples from 158 HPRCC and 2808 NSCLC patients revealed ten uncharacterized mutations. Four of these, all found in HPRCC and leading to amino acid substitutions in the N-lobe of the MET kinase, proved able to induce cell transformation, further enhanced by HGF stimulation: His1086Leu, Ile1102Thr, Leu1130Ser, and Cis1125Gly. Similar to the variant resulting in MET exon14 skipping, the two N-lobe MET variants His1086Leu, Ile1102Thr further characterized were found to require stimulation by HGF in order to strongly activate downstream signaling pathways and epithelial cell motility. The Ile1102Thr mutation displayed also transforming potential, promoting tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, the N-lobe-mutated MET variants were found to trigger a common HGF-stimulation-dependent transcriptional program, consistent with an observed increase in cell motility and invasion. Altogether, this functional characterization revealed that N-lobe variants still require ligand stimulation, in contrast to other RTK variants. This suggests that HGF expression in the tumor microenvironment is important for tumor growth. The sensitivity of these variants to MET TKIs opens the way for use of targeted therapies for patients harboring the corresponding mutations.
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An In Vitro Analysis of TKI-Based Sequence Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065648. [PMID: 36982721 PMCID: PMC10058472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) cabozantinib might impede the growth of the sunitinib-resistant cell lines by targeting MET and AXL overexpression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We studied the role of MET and AXL in the response to cabozantinib, particularly following long-term administration with sunitinib. Two sunitinib-resistant cell lines, 786-O/S and Caki-2/S, and the matching 786-O/WT and Caki-2/WT cells were exposed to cabozantinib. The drug response was cell-line-specific. The 786-O/S cells were less growth-inhibited by cabozantinib than 786-O/WT cells (p-value = 0.02). In 786-O/S cells, the high level of phosphorylation of MET and AXL was not affected by cabozantinib. Despite cabozantinib hampering the high constitutive phosphorylation of MET, the Caki-2 cells showed low sensitivity to cabozantinib, and this was independent of sunitinib pretreatment. In both sunitinib-resistant cell lines, cabozantinib increased Src-FAK activation and impeded mTOR expression. The modulation of ERK and AKT was cell-line-specific, mirroring the heterogeneity among the patients. Overall, the MET- and AXL-driven status did not affect cell responsiveness to cabozantinib in the second-line treatment. The activation of Src-FAK might counteract cabozantinib activity and contribute to tumor survival and may be considered an early indicator of therapy response.
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Chen EC, Gandler H, Tošić I, Fell GG, Fiore A, Pozdnyakova O, DeAngelo DJ, Galinsky I, Luskin MR, Wadleigh MS, Winer ES, Leonard R, O’Day K, de Jonge A, Neuberg D, Look AT, Stone RM, Frank DA, Garcia JS. Targeting MET and FGFR in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Preclinical and Clinical Findings, and Signal Transduction Correlates. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:878-887. [PMID: 36534523 PMCID: PMC9992000 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor outcomes and require new therapies. In AML, autocrine production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) drives MET signaling that promotes myeloblast growth and survival, making MET an attractive therapeutic target. MET inhibition exhibits activity in AML preclinical studies, but HGF upregulation by the FGFR pathway is a common mechanism of resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed preclinical studies followed by a Phase I trial to investigate the safety and biological activity of the MET inhibitor merestinib in combination with the FGFR inhibitor LY2874455 for patients with R/R AML. Study Cohort 1 underwent a safety lead-in to determine a tolerable dose of single-agent merestinib. In Cohort 2, dose-escalation of merestinib and LY2874455 was performed following a 3+3 design. Correlative studies were conducted. RESULTS The primary dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) observed for merestinib alone or with LY2874455 was reversible grade 3 transaminase elevation, occurring in 2 of 16 patients. Eight patients had stable disease and one achieved complete remission (CR) without measurable residual disease. Although the MTD of combination therapy could not be determined due to drug supply discontinuation, single-agent merestinib administered at 80 mg daily was safe and biologically active. Correlative studies showed therapeutic plasma levels of merestinib, on-target attenuation of MET signaling in leukemic blood, and increased HGF expression in bone marrow aspirate samples of refractory disease. CONCLUSIONS We provide prospective, preliminary evidence that MET and FGFR are biologically active and safely targetable pathways in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C. Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Gandler
- College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Isidora Tošić
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey G. Fell
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilene Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlise R. Luskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha S. Wadleigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S. Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Leonard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard M. Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Frank
- Division of Hematology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline S. Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Lin Y, Lin F, Zhang Z, Peng L, Yang W, Yang M, Luo B, Wu T, Li D, Li X, Ran B, Anuchapreeda S, Chaiwongsa R, Khamphikham P, Duangmano S, Xu J, He T, Pornprasert S. The FGFR1 Signaling Pathway Upregulates the Oncogenic Transcription Factor FOXQ1 to Promote Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:744-759. [PMID: 36778115 PMCID: PMC9909991 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.74574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FGFR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase deregulated in certain breast cancers (BCs) with a poor prognosis. Although FGFR1-activated phosphorylation cascades have been mapped, the key genes regulated by FGFR1 in BC are largely unclear. FOXQ1 is an oncogenic transcription factor. Although we found that activation of FGFR1 robustly upregulated FOXQ1 mRNA, how FGFR1 regulates FOXQ1 gene expression and whether FOXQ1 is essential for FGFR1-stimulated cell proliferation are unknown. Herein, we confirmed that activation of FGFR1 robustly upregulated FOXQ1 mRNA and protein in BC cells. Knockdown of FOXQ1 blocked the FGFR1 signaling-stimulated BC cell proliferation, colony formation, and xenograft tumor growth. Inhibition of MEK or ERK1/2 activities, or knockout of ERK2 but not ERK1 suppressed the FGFR1 signaling-promoted FOXQ1 gene expression. Inhibition of ERK2 in ERK1 knockout cells blocked, while ectopic expression of FOXQ1 in ERK2 knockout cells rescued the FGFR1-signaling-promoted cell growth. Mechanistically, c-FOS, an early response transcription factor upregulated by the FGFR1-MEK-ERK2 pathway, bound to the FOXQ1 promoter to mediate the FGFR1 signaling-promoted FOXQ1 expression. These results indicate that the FGFR1-ERK2-c-FOS-FOXQ1 regulatory axis plays an essential role in the FGFR1 signaling-promoted BC growth. Targeting ERK2 and FOXQ1 should block BC growth caused by a deregulated FGFR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Fengkang Lin
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Lijia Peng
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Dabing Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xuesen Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bing Ran
- Functional laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Rujirek Chaiwongsa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pinyaphat Khamphikham
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tao He
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Sakorn Pornprasert
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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DW14383 is an irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor that suppresses FGFR-dependent tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1498-1506. [PMID: 33288861 PMCID: PMC8379184 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is a promising anticancer target. Currently, most FGFR inhibitors lack sufficient selectivity and have nonnegligible activity against kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), limiting their feasibility due to the serious side effects. Notably, compensatory activation occurs among FGFR1-4, suggesting the urgent need to develop selective pan-FGFR1-4 inhibitors. Here, we explored the antitumor activity of DW14383, a novel irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor. DW14383 exhibited equivalently high potent inhibition against FGFR1, 2, 3 and 4, with IC50 values of less than 0.3, 1.1, less than 0.3, and 0.5 nmol/L, respectively. It is a selective FGFR inhibitor, exhibiting more than 1100-fold selectivity for FGFR1 over recombinant KDR, making it one of the most selective FGFR inhibitors over KDR described to date. Furthermore, DW14383 significantly inhibited cellular FGFR1-4 signaling, inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest, which in turn antagonized FGFR-dependent tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, DW14383 had no obvious antiproliferative effect against cancer cell lines without FGFR aberration, further confirming its selectivity against FGFR. In representative FGFR-dependent xenograft models, DW14383 oral administration substantially suppressed tumor growth by simultaneously inhibiting tumor proliferation and angiogenesis via inhibiting FGFR signaling. In summary, DW14383 is a promising selective irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor with pan-tumor spectrum potential in FGFR1-4 aberrant cancers, which has the potential to overcome compensatory activation among FGFR1-4.
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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8
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Resistance to MET/VEGFR2 Inhibition by Cabozantinib Is Mediated by YAP/TBX5-Dependent Induction of FGFR1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010244. [PMID: 31963871 PMCID: PMC7016532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to elucidate the role of FGFR1 induction in acquired resistance to MET and VEGFR2 inhibition by cabozantinib in prostate cancer (PCa) and leverage this understanding to improve therapy outcomes. The response to cabozantinib was examined in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts in which FGFR1 was overexpressed. Using a variety of cell models that reflect different PCa disease states, the mechanism underpinning FGFR1 signaling activation by cabozantinib was investigated. We performed parallel investigations in specimens from cabozantinib-treated patients to confirm our in vitro and in vivo data. FGFR1 overexpression was sufficient to confer resistance to cabozantinib. Our results demonstrate transcriptional activation of FGF/FGFR1 expression in cabozantinib-resistant models. Further analysis of molecular pathways identified a YAP/TBX5-driven mechanism of FGFR1 and FGF overexpression induced by MET inhibition. Importantly, knockdown of YAP and TBX5 led to decreased FGFR1 protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of FGFR1, FGF1, and FGF2. This association was confirmed in a cohort of hormone-naïve patients with PCa receiving androgen deprivation therapy and cabozantinib, further validating our findings. These findings reveal that the molecular basis of resistance to MET inhibition in PCa is FGFR1 activation through a YAP/TBX5-dependent mechanism. YAP and its downstream target TBX5 represent a crucial mediator in acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. Thus, our studies provide insight into the mechanism of acquired resistance and will guide future development of clinical trials with MET inhibitors.
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Finn KJ, Martin SE, Settleman J. A Single-Step, High-Dose Selection Scheme Reveals Distinct Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Oncogenic Kinase Inhibition in Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:79-90. [PMID: 31641034 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical efficacy demonstrated by molecularly targeted cancer therapeutics, the benefits are typically temporary due to the emergence of acquired drug resistance. This has spurred a massive effort by the cancer research community to identify mechanisms used by cancer cells to evade treatment. Among the various methodologies developed and employed to identify such mechanisms, the most commonly used approach has been to model acquired resistance by exposing cancer cells in culture to gradually increasing concentrations of drug over an extended period of time. Here, we employed a less commonly used variation on this approach, wherein resistant cells are selected by immediately exposing cancer cells to a continuous, high concentration of drug. Using this approach, we isolated clones representing three distinct mechanisms of resistance to inhibition of MET kinase activity from a single clonally derived cancer cell line. The emergent clones had acquired resistance through engagement of alternative receptor tyrosine kinases either through upregulation of FGF3 or HBEGF or increased MAPK signaling through an activating V600E mutation in BRAF. Importantly, these mechanisms were not identified using the conventional "ramp-up" approach in previous studies that employed the same cell line. These results suggest that the particular nature of the selection scheme employed in cell culture modeling studies can determine which potential resistance mechanisms are identified and which ones may be missed, highlighting the need for careful consideration of the specific approach used to model resistance in cultured cells. SIGNIFICANCE: Through modeling resistance to MET kinase inhibition in cultured cancer cells using single-step, high-dose selection, these findings highlight that the specific nature of the selection protocol impacts which resistance mechanisms are identified.See related commentary by Floros et al., p. 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Finn
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Scott E Martin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jeff Settleman
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California.
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10
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Xiang Z, Song S, Zhu Z, Sun W, Gifts JE, Sun S, Li QS, Yu Y, Li KK. LncRNAs GIHCG and SPINT1-AS1 Are Crucial Factors for Pan-Cancer Cells Sensitivity to Lapatinib. Front Genet 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30842786 PMCID: PMC6391897 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib is a small molecule inhibitor of EGFR (HER1) and ERBB2 (HER2) receptors, which is used for treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer. To find the drug resistance mechanisms of treatment for EGFR/ERBB2 positive tumors, we analyzed the possible effects of lncRNAs. In this study, using CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) database, we explored the relationship between the lncRNAs and Lapatinib sensitivity/resistance, and then validated those findings through in vitro experiments. We found that the expression of EGFR/ERBB2 and activation of ERBB pathway was significantly related to Lapatinib sensitivity. GO (Gene Oncology) analysis of top 10 pathways showed that the sensitivity of Lapatinib was positively correlated with cell keratin, epithelial differentiation, and cell-cell junction, while negatively correlated with signatures of extracellular matrix. Forty-four differentially expressed lncRNAs were found between the Lapatinib sensitive and resistant groups (fold-change > 1.5, P < 0.01). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed based on 44 lncRNAs and genes in the top 10 pathways. Five lncRNAs were identified as hub molecules. Co-expression network was constructed by more than five lncRNAs and 199 genes in the top 10 pathways, and three lncRNAs (GIHCG, SPINT1-AS1, and MAGI2-AS3) and 47 genes were identified as close-related molecules. The three lncRNAs in epithelium-derived cancers were differentially expressed between sensitive and resistant groups, but no significance was found in non-epithelium-derived cancer cells. Correlation analysis showed that SPINT1-AS1 (R = −0.715, P < 0.001) and GIHCG (R = 0.557, P = 0.013) were correlated with the IC50 of epithelium-derived cancer cells. In further experiments, GIHCG knockdown enhanced cancer cell susceptibility to Lapatinib, while high level of SPINT1-AS1 was a sensitive biomarker of NCI-N87 and MCF7 cancer cells to Lapatinib. In conclusions, lncRNAs GIHCG and SPINT1-AS1 were involved in regulating Lapatinib sensitivity. Up-regulation of GIHCG was a drug-resistant biomarker, while up-regulation of SPINT1-AS1 was a sensitive indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzheng Song
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physical Science Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jaron E Gifts
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physical Science Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sam Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qiushi Shauna Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqin Kathy Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Farrokhzadeh A, Akher FB, Olotu FA, Soliman MES, Van Heerden FR. Revealing the distinct mechanistic binding and activity of 5-(1-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)ethoxy)-3-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-indazole enantiomers against FGFR1. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15120-15132. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of chirality has become prominent over the years, particularly with regards to the design of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Farrokhzadeh
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4001
| | - Farideh Badichi Akher
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4001
| | - Fisayo A. Olotu
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4001
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Westville Campus
- Durban 4001
| | - Fanie R. Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Pietermaritzburg 3209
- South Africa
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12
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Badichi Akher F, Farrokhzadeh A, Olotu FA, Agoni C, Soliman MES. The irony of chirality – unveiling the distinct mechanistic binding and activities of 1-(3-(4-amino-5-(7-methoxy-5-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one enantiomers as irreversible covalent FGFR4 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1176-1190. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigation of the effect of chirality on inhibitors is providing essential insights for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Badichi Akher
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Abdolkarim Farrokhzadeh
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Fisayo A. Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
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13
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Yang M, Yu X, Li X, Luo B, Yang W, Lin Y, Li D, Gan Z, Xu J, He T. TNFAIP3 is required for FGFR1 activation-promoted proliferation and tumorigenesis of premalignant DCIS.COM human mammary epithelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:97. [PMID: 30111373 PMCID: PMC6094903 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive breast cancer, many DCIS lesions may progress to invasive cancer and the genes and pathways responsible for its progression are largely unknown. FGFR1 plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of FGFR1 signaling in gene expression, cell proliferation, tumor growth and progression in a non-invasive DCIS model. METHODS DCIS.COM cells were transfected with an empty vector to generate DCIS-Ctrl cells. DCIS-iFGFR1 cells were transfected with an AP20187-inducible iFGFR1 vector to generate DCIS-iFGFR1 cells. iFGFR1 consists of the v-Src myristoylation membrane-targeting sequence, FGFR1 cytoplasmic domain and the AP20187-inducible FKBP12 dimerization domain, which simulates FGFR1 signaling. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to knockout ERK1, ERK2 or TNFAIP3 in DCIS-iFGFR1 cells. Established cell lines were treated with/without AP20187 and with/without FGFR1, MEK, or ERK1/2 inhibitor. The effects of these treatments were determined by Western blot, RNA-Seq, real-time RT-PCR, cell proliferation, mammosphere growth, xenograft tumor growth, and tumor histopathological assays. RESULTS Activation of iFGFR1 signaling in DCIS-iFGFR1 cells enhanced ERK1/2 activities, induced partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased cell proliferation. Activation of iFGFR1 signaling promoted DCIS growth and progression to invasive cancer derived from DCIS-iFGFR1 cells in mice. Activation of iFGFR1 signaling also altered expression levels of 946 genes involved in cell proliferation, migration, cancer pathways, and other molecular and cellular functions. TNFAIP3, a ubiquitin-editing enzyme, is upregulated by iFGFR1 signaling in a FGFR1 kinase activity and in an ERK2-dependent manner. Importantly, TNFAIP3 knockout not only inhibited the AP20187-induced proliferation and tumor growth of DCIS-iFGFR1 cells, but also further reduced baseline proliferation and tumor growth of DCIS-iFGFR1 cells without AP20187 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Activation of iFGFR1 promotes ERK1/2 activity, EMT, cell proliferation, tumor growth, DCIS progression to invasive cancer, and altered the gene expression profile of DCIS-iFGFR1 cells. Activation of iFGFR1 upregulated TNFAIP3 in an ERK2-dependent manner and TNFAIP3 is required for iFGFR1 activation-promoted DCIS.COM cell proliferation, mammosphere growth, tumor growth and progression. These results suggest that TNFAIP3 may be a potential target for inhibiting DCIS growth and progression promoted by FGFR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuesen Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Dabing Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhonglin Gan
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tao He
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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14
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Deep analysis of acquired resistance to FGFR1 inhibitor identifies MET and AKT activation and an expansion of AKT1 mutant cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31549-31558. [PMID: 30140389 PMCID: PMC6101141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of acquired resistance (AR) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of FGFR1 activation is currently not well understood. To gain a deeper insight into this matter in lung cancer, we used the FGFR1-amplified DMS114 cell line and generated multiple clones with AR to an FGFR1-TKI. We molecularly scrutinized the resistant cells, using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and global DNA methylation analysis. Our results show a de novo activation of AKT and ERK, and a reactivation of mTOR. Furthermore, the resistant cells exhibited strong upregulation and activation of MET, indicating crosstalk between the FGFR1 and MET axes. The resistant cells also underwent a global decrease in promoter hypermethylation of the CpG islands. Finally, we observed clonal expansion of a pre-existing change in AKT1, leading to S266L substitution, within the kinase domain of AKT. Our results demonstrate that AR to FGFR1-TKI involves deep molecular changes that promote the activation of MET and AKT, coupled with common gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. The expansion of a substitution at AKT1 was the only shared genetic change, and this may have contributed to the AR.
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15
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Wang Y, Li L, Fan J, Dai Y, Jiang A, Geng M, Ai J, Duan W. Discovery of Potent Irreversible Pan-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29522671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) are promising therapeutic targets in many cancers. With the resurgence of interest in irreversible inhibitors, efforts have been directed to the discovery of irreversible FGFR inhibitors. Currently, several selective irreversible inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials that could covalently target a conserved cysteine in the P-loop of FGFR. In this article, we used a structure-guided approach that is rationalized by a computer-aided simulation to discover the novel and irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor, 9g, which provided superior FGFR in vitro activities and decent selectivity over VEGFR2 (vascular endothelia growth factor receptor 2). In in vivo studies, 9g displayed clear antitumor activities in NCI-H1581 and SNU-16 xenograft mice models. Additionally, the diluting method confirmed the irreversible binding of 9g to FGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Lijun Li
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Dai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Alan Jiang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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16
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Tiong KH, Tan BS, Choo HL, Chung FFL, Hii LW, Tan SH, Khor NTW, Wong SF, See SJ, Tan YF, Rosli R, Cheong SK, Leong CO. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) autocrine enhance breast cancer cells survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57633-57650. [PMID: 27192118 PMCID: PMC5295378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive tumor subtype with poor prognosis. The discovery of underlying mechanisms mediating tumor cell survival, and the development of novel agents to target these pathways, is a priority for patients with basal-like breast cancer. From a functional screen to identify key drivers of basal-like breast cancer cell growth, we identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) as a potential mediator of cell survival. We found that FGFR4 mediates cancer cell survival predominantly via activation of PI3K/AKT. Importantly, a subset of basal-like breast cancer cells also secrete fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a canonical ligand specific for FGFR4. siRNA-mediated silencing of FGF19 or neutralization of extracellular FGF19 by anti-FGF19 antibody (1A6) decreases AKT phosphorylation, suppresses cancer cell growth and enhances doxorubicin sensitivity only in the FGFR4+/FGF19+ breast cancer cells. Consistently, FGFR4/FGF19 co-expression was also observed in 82 out of 287 (28.6%) primary breast tumors, and their expression is strongly associated with AKT phosphorylation, Ki-67 staining, higher tumor stage and basal-like phenotype. In summary, our results demonstrated the presence of an FGFR4/FGF19 autocrine signaling that mediates the survival of a subset of basal-like breast cancer cells and suggest that inactivation of this autocrine loop may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for future treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Boon Shing Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lungh Choo
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Si Hoey Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelson Tze Woei Khor
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shew Fung Wong
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Jia See
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuen-Fen Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Jiang XF, Dai Y, Peng X, Shen YY, Su Y, Wei MM, Liu WR, Ding ZB, Zhang A, Shi YH, Ai J. SOMCL-085, a novel multi-targeted FGFR inhibitor, displays potent anticancer activity in FGFR-addicted human cancer models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:243-250. [PMID: 28905937 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation is found across a diverse spectrum of malignancies, especially those lacking effective treatments. SOMCL-085 is a novel FGFR-dominant multi-target kinase inhibitor. Here, we explored the FGFR-targeting anticancer activity of SOMCL-085 both in vitro and in vivo. Among a panel of 20 tyrosine kinases screened, SOMCL-085 potently inhibited FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 kinase activity, with IC50 values of 1.8, 1.9 and 6.9 nmol/L, respectively. This compound simultaneously inhibited the angiogenesis kinases VEGFR and PDGFR, but without obvious inhibitory effect on other 12 tyrosine kinases. In 3 representative human cancer cell lines with different mechanisms of FGFR activation tested, SOMCL-085 (20-500 nmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited FGFR1-3 phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of their key downstream effectors PLCγ and Erk. In 7 FGFR aberrant human cancer cell lines, regardless of the mechanistic complexity of FGFR over-activation, SOMCL-085 potently inhibited FGFR-driven cell proliferation by arresting cells at the G1/S phase. In the FGFR1-amplified lung cancer cell line H1581 xenograft mice and FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer cell line SNU16 xenograft mice, oral administration of SOMCL-085 (25, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 21 days substantially suppressed tumor growth without affecting their body-weight. These results suggest that SOMCL-085 is a potent multi-target FGFR inhibitor that inhibits the FGFR-dependent neoplastic phenotypes of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
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18
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Adachi Y, Watanabe K, Kita K, Kitai H, Kotani H, Sato Y, Inase N, Yano S, Ebi H. Resistance mediated by alternative receptor tyrosine kinases in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1063-1072. [PMID: 28968756 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification has been identified in 10-20% of patients with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Preclinical models showed promising activity of specific FGFR inhibitors, but early clinical trials showed that only a small fraction of patients with FGFR1-amplified lung cancer responded to FGFR inhibitors. These unsatisfactory results were partly explained by heterogeneous amplicons around the 8p11 genomic region, leading to false-positive amplification results. Furthermore, discrepancies in the gene amplification and protein expression of FGFR1 were also reported. In this study, we identified the roles of alternative receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer. These alternative RTKs dominantly activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling and also mitigate sustained inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by FGFR inhibitors. The rebound activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation was associated with sensitivity to the drugs. Combinatorial inhibition of alternative RTKs and FGFR1 was required to suppress both AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and to induce key pro-apoptotic proteins BIM and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). Furthermore, even in FGFR inhibitor-sensitive NCI-H1581 lung cancer cells, MET-expressing clones were already detectable at a very low frequency before resistance induction. Selection of these pre-existing subclones resulted in FGFR inhibitor resistance because of the activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase by MET signaling that was mediated by GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1). These results suggest that incomplete suppression of key survival signals led to intrinsic and acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors. Our results may help explain the low clinical response rates to FGFR inhibitors in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Adachi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kenji Kita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kitai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kotani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Naohiko Inase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate numerous cellular processes. Deregulation of FGFR signalling is observed in a subset of many cancers, making activated FGFRs a highly promising potential therapeutic target supported by multiple preclinical studies. However, early-phase clinical trials have produced mixed results with FGFR-targeted cancer therapies, revealing substantial complexity to targeting aberrant FGFR signalling. In this Review, we discuss the increasing understanding of the differences between diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR, and the factors that determine response and resistance to FGFR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Babina
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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20
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Wang H, Lu J, Tang J, Chen S, He K, Jiang X, Jiang W, Teng L. Establishment of patient-derived gastric cancer xenografts: a useful tool for preclinical evaluation of targeted therapies involving alterations in HER-2, MET and FGFR2 signaling pathways. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:191. [PMID: 28292264 PMCID: PMC5348902 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapies are emerging treatment options for gastric cancer (GC). Patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX) models of GC closely retain the features of the original clinical cancer, offering a powerful tool for preclinical drug efficacy testing. This study aimed to establish PDX GC models, and explore therapeutics targeting Her2, MET(cMet), and FGFR2, which may assist doctor to select the proper target therapy for selected patients. METHODS GC tissues from 32 patients were collected and implanted into immuno-deficient mice. Using immunohistochemistry(IHC) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), protein levels and/or gene amplification of Her2, cMet and FGFR2 in those tissues were assessed. Finally, anti-tumor efficacy was tested in the PDX models using targeted inhibitors. RESULTS A total of 9 passable PDX models were successfully established from 32 gastric cancer xenograft donors, consisting of HER2,cMet and FGFR2 alterations with percentages of 4(12.5%), 8(25.0%) and 1(3.1%) respectively. Crizotinib and AZD4547 exerted marked antitumor effects exclusively in PDX models with cMet (G30,G31) and FGFR2(G03) amplification. Interestingly, synergistic antitumor activity was observed in G03 (FGFR2-amplifed and cMet non-amplified but IHC [2+]) with simultaneous treatment with Crizotinib and ADZ4547 at day 30 post-treatment. Further in vitro biochemistry study showed a synergistic inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway. HER2,cMet and FGFR2 alterations were found in 17 (10.4%), 32(19.6%) and 6(3.7%) in a group of 163 GC patients, and cMet gene amplification or protein overexpression(IHC 3+) was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These PDX GC models provide an ideal platform for drug screening and evaluation. GC patients with positive cMet or FGFR2 gene amplification may potentially benefit from cMet or FGFR2 targeted therapies or combined targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Wang
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of oncology, Jiaxing First Hospital, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shitu Chen
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kuifeng He
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of surgical oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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21
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Wang DD, Chen Y, Chen ZB, Yan FJ, Dai XY, Ying MD, Cao J, Ma J, Luo PH, Han YX, Peng Y, Sun YH, Zhang H, He QJ, Yang B, Zhu H. CT-707, a Novel FAK Inhibitor, Synergizes with Cabozantinib to Suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Blocking Cabozantinib-Induced FAK Activation. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2916-2925. [PMID: 27638856 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and the development of new treatment regimens is urgently needed to improve therapeutic approach. In our study, we found that the combination of a Met inhibitor, cabozantinib, and a novel FAK inhibitor, CT-707, exerted synergistic antitumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo Interestingly, further studies showed that therapeutic concentrations of cabozantinib increased the phosphorylation of FAK, which might attenuate the antitumor activity of cabozantinib. The simultaneous exposure to CT-707 effectively inhibited the activation of FAK that was induced by cabozantinib, which contributes to the synergistic effect of the combination. Furthermore, cabozantinib increased the mRNA and protein levels of integrin α5, which is a canonical upstream of FAK, and the introduction of cilengitide to block integrin function could abrogate FAK activation by cabozantinib, indicating that cabozantinib upregulated the phosphorylation of FAK in an integrin-dependent manner. Similar synergy was also observed on PHA-665752, another selective MET inhibitor, indicating that this observation might be a common characteristic of MET-targeting strategies. Our findings not only favor the development of the novel FAK inhibitor CT-707 as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma but also provide a new strategy of combining MET and FAK inhibitors to potentiate the anticancer activities of these two types of agents for treating hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2916-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bo Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Jie Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Dai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hua Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xin Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Discovery Biology, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hui Sun
- Department of Discovery Biology, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Discovery Biology, Centaurus BioPharma Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Kim SM, Kim H, Yun MR, Kang HN, Pyo KH, Park HJ, Lee JM, Choi HM, Ellinghaus P, Ocker M, Paik S, Kim HR, Cho BC. Activation of the Met kinase confers acquired drug resistance in FGFR-targeted lung cancer therapy. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e241. [PMID: 27429073 PMCID: PMC5399172 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation/expression is a common feature in lung cancer (LC). In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of and the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to two potent selective FGFR inhibitors, AZD4547 and BAY116387, in LC cell lines. The antitumor activity of AZD4547 and BAY1163877 was screened in 24 LC cell lines, including 5 with FGFR1 amplification. Two cell lines containing FGFR1 amplifications, H1581 and DMS114, were sensitive to FGFR inhibitors (IC50<250 nm). Clones of FGFR1-amplified H1581 cells resistant to AZD4547 or BAY116387 (H1581AR and H1581BR cells, respectively) were established. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array and immunoblotting analyses showed strong overexpression and activation of Met in H1581AR/BR cells, compared with that in the parental cells. Gene set enrichment analysis against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched in H1581AR/BR cells, with Met contributing significantly to the core enrichment. Genomic DNA quantitative PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses showed MET amplification in H1581AR, but not in H1581BR, cells. Met amplification drives acquired resistance to AZD4547 in H1581AR cells by activating ErbB3. Combination treatment with FGFR inhibitors and an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/Met inhibitor, crizotinib, or Met-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in both H1581AR and H1581BR cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of Met in H1581 cells conferred resistance to AZD4547 and BAY1163877. Acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors not only altered cellular morphology, but also promoted migration and invasion of resistant clones, in part by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our data suggest that Met activation is sufficient to bypass dependency on FGFR signaling. Concurrent inhibition of the Met and FGFR pathways may have synergistic clinical benefits when targeting FGFR-dependent LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - M R Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H N Kang
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - K-H Pyo
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H J Park
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - J M Lee
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - H M Choi
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - P Ellinghaus
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Ocker
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Paik
- Division of Pathology NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H R Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Yan W, Wang X, Dai Y, Zhao B, Yang X, Fan J, Gao Y, Meng F, Wang Y, Luo C, Ai J, Geng M, Duan W. Discovery of 3-(5'-Substituted)-Benzimidazole-5-(1-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)ethoxy)-1H-indazoles as Potent Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6690-708. [PMID: 27348537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) represents an attractive oncology target for cancer therapy in view of its critical role in promoting cancer formation and progression, as well as causing resistance to approved therapies. In this article, we describe the identification of the potent pan-FGFR inhibitor (R)-21c (FGFR1-4 IC50 values of 0.9, 2.0, 2.0, and 6.1 nM, respectively). Compound (R)-21c exhibited excellent in vitro inhibitory activity against a panel of FGFR-amplified cell lines. Western blot analysis demonstrated that (R)-21c suppressed FGF/FGFR and downstream signaling pathways at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, (R)-21c provided nearly complete inhibition of tumor growth (96.9% TGI) in NCI-H1581 (FGFR1-amplified) xenograft mice model at the dose of 10 mg/kg/qd via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Dai
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yinglei Gao
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Fanwang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.,Drug Discovery & Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery & Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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24
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Lee JM, Lee SH, Hwang JW, Oh SJ, Kim B, Jung S, Shim SH, Lin PW, Lee SB, Cho MY, Koh YJ, Kim SY, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim KM, Cheong KH, Choi J, Kim KA. Novel strategy for a bispecific antibody: induction of dual target internalization and degradation. Oncogene 2016; 35:4437-46. [PMID: 26853467 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the extensive cross-talk among the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), particularly ErbB family-Met cross-talk, has emerged as a likely source of drug resistance. Notwithstanding brilliant successes were attained while using small-molecule inhibitors or antibody therapeutics against specific RTKs in multiple cancers over recent decades, a high recurrence rate remains unsolved in patients treated with these targeted inhibitors. It is well aligned with multifaceted properties of cancer and cross-talk and convergence of signaling pathways of RTKs. Thereby many therapeutic interventions have been actively developed to overcome inherent or acquired resistance. To date, no bispecific antibody (BsAb) showed complete depletion of dual RTKs from the plasma membrane and efficient dual degradation. In this manuscript, we report the first findings of a target-specific dual internalization and degradation of membrane RTKs induced by designed BsAbs based on the internalizing monoclonal antibodies and the therapeutic values of these BsAbs. Leveraging the anti-Met mAb able to internalize and degrade by a unique mechanism, we generated the BsAbs for Met/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Met/HER2 to induce an efficient EGFR or HER2 internalization and degradation in the presence of Met that is frequently overexpressed in the invasive tumors and involved in the resistance against EGFR- or HER2-targeted therapies. We found that Met/EGFR BsAb ME22S induces dissociation of the Met-EGFR complex from Hsp90, followed by significant degradation of Met and EGFR. By employing patient-derived tumor models we demonstrate therapeutic potential of the BsAb-mediated dual degradation in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J-W Hwang
- Bioassay Group, Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S J Oh
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - B Kim
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S Jung
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S-H Shim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - P W Lin
- Cell Engineering Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - S B Lee
- Cell Engineering Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - M-Y Cho
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y J Koh
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-M Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K H Cheong
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J Choi
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - K-A Kim
- Open Innovation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
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25
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Acquisition of estrogen independence induces TOB1-related mechanisms supporting breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 2015; 35:1643-56. [PMID: 26165839 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapies targeting the estrogen pathway remains a challenge in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. To address this challenge, a systems biology approach was used. A library of small interfering RNAs targeting an estrogen receptor (ER)- and aromatase-centered network identified 46 genes that are dispensable in estrogen-dependent MCF7 cells, but are selectively required for the survival of estrogen-independent MCF7-derived cells and multiple additional estrogen-independent breast cancer cell lines. Integration of this information identified a tumor suppressor gene TOB1 as a critical determinant of estrogen-independent ER-positive breast cell survival. Depletion of TOB1 selectively promoted G1 phase arrest and sensitivity to AKT and mammalian target of rapmycin (mTOR) inhibitors in estrogen-independent cells but not in estrogen-dependent cells. Phosphoproteomic profiles from reverse-phase protein array analysis supported by mRNA profiling identified a significant signaling network reprogramming by TOB1 that differed in estrogen-sensitive and estrogen-resistant cell lines. These data support a novel function for TOB1 in mediating survival of estrogen-independent breast cancers. These studies also provide evidence for combining TOB1 inhibition and AKT/mTOR inhibition as a therapeutic strategy, with potential translational significance for the management of patients with ER-positive breast cancers.
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26
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Tiseo M, Gelsomino F, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Bozzetti C, De Giorgi AM, Petronini PG, Ardizzoni A. FGFR as potential target in the treatment of squamous non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:527-39. [PMID: 25959741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer patients remain scarce because no druggable targets have been identified so far. Aberrant signaling by FGFs (fibroblast growth factors) and FGFRs (fibroblast growth factors receptors) has been implicated in several human cancers and, particularly, in squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FGFR gene amplifications, somatic missense mutations, chromosomal translocations are the most frequent mechanisms able to induce aberrant activation of this pathway. Data from literature have established that the presence of an aberrant FGFR signaling has to be considered a possible negative prognostic factor but predictive of potential sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. In the last years, clinical research efforts allowed to identify and evaluate promising FGFR inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, non-selective or selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review summarizes the current knowledge about FGFR alterations in NSCLC and the relative inhibitors in development, in particular in squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Tiseo
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bozzetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Davidson BA, Rubatt JM, Corcoran DL, Teoh DK, Bernardini MQ, Grace LA, Soper WJ, Berchuck A, Siamakpour-Reihani S, Chen W, Owzar K, Murphy SK, Secord AA. Differential Angiogenic Gene Expression in TP53 Wild-Type and Mutant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2014; 4:163. [PMID: 24999452 PMCID: PMC4064453 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Underlying mechanisms regulating angiogenesis in ovarian cancer have not been completely elucidated. Evidence suggests that the TP53 tumor suppressor pathway and tumor microenvironment play integral roles. We utilized microarray technology to study the interaction between TP53 mutational status and hypoxia on angiogenic gene expression. METHODS Affymetrix U133A arrays were analyzed for angiogenic gene expression in 19 ovarian cancer cell lines stratified both by TP53 mutation status and A2780 wild-type (wt) TP53 vs. mutated (m) TP53 cell lines after treatment under hypoxic conditions or with ionizing radiation. RESULTS Twenty-eight differentially expressed angiogenic genes were identified in the mTP53 cell lines compared to wtTP53 lines. Five genes were upregulated in mTP53 cells: 40% involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation [matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10)/15] and 60% in angiogenesis (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3/VEGFA/ephrin receptor-B4). Twenty-three genes were upregulated in wtTP53: nearly 22% were ECM constituents or involved in ECM degradation; over 40% were growth factors or mediators of angiogenesis. Five genes were upregulated in the A2780mTP53 cells: 40% involved in ECM remodeling (MMP10, ADAMTS1), 40% with pro-angiogenic activity (EFNB2, factor 2 receptor), and 20% with anti-angiogenic properties (ADAMTS1). Three genes were upregulated in hypoxia treated cells compared to controls: one with anti-angiogenic activity (angiopoietin-like 4) and two with pro-angiogenic activity (VEGFA, EFNA3). No significant gene fold changes were noted after exposure to radiation. Four genes continued to demonstrate significant differential expression (p ≤ 0.05) after adjusting for multiple comparisons. These genes included endoglin upregulation in wt lines (pro-angiogenesis) and upregulation of FGF20 (growth factor), ADAMTS1 (anti-angiogenesis) and MMP10 (ECM degradation) in mTP53 cell lines. CONCLUSION Our exploratory findings indicate that non-overlapping angiogenic pathways may be altered by TP53 mutations and hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment. Further evaluation is needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Anne Davidson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Rubatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deanna K. Teoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcus Q. Bernardini
- Gynecology Oncology, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa A. Grace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William John Soper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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