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Sen S, Cherkerzian S, Herlihy M, Hacker MR, McElrath TF, Cantonwine DE, Fichorova R, Oken E, Meydani SN. Supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients in pregnant women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:796-807. [PMID: 38396126 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Obesity increases maternal morbidity and adversely affects child health. Maternal inflammation may play a role in adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether providing a higher dose of antioxidant micronutrients to pregnant women with obesity would raise concentrations of key antioxidant vitamins and impact inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We recruited pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 at their initial prenatal visit ( < 13 weeks gestation) and collected blood and urine samples at baseline, 24-28 weeks, and 32-36 weeks to measure micronutrient concentrations (vitamin C, E, B6 and folate), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, 8, and 1β) and oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α and malondialdehyde). We collected maternal and infant health data from enrollment to delivery as secondary outcomes. We enrolled 128 participants (64 in each arm), and 98 (49 in each arm) completed follow-up through delivery. INTERVENTION Both groups received a standard prenatal vitamin containing the recommended daily allowance of micronutrients in pregnancy. In addition, the intervention group received a supplement with 90 mg vitamin C, 30 αTU vitamin E, 18 mg vitamin B6, and 800 μg folic acid, and the control group received a placebo. RESULTS The intervention group had higher vit B6 (log transformed (ln), β 24-28 weeks: 0.76 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.40, 1.12); β 32-36 weeks: 0.52 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.17, 0.88)) than the control group. Vitamins C, E, erythrocyte RBC folate concentrations did not differ by randomization group. The intervention did not impact biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress. There were no differences in maternal or neonatal clinical outcomes by randomization group. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of antioxidant vitamins during pregnancy increased specific micronutrients and did not impact maternal inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be related to dosing or type of supplementation provided. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Identification Number: NCT02802566; URL of the Registration Site: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Herlihy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raina Fichorova
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Hu G, Zhao Y, Fu X, Hu D, Liang X. Maternal body mass index and cerebral palsy in children: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2024; 38:345-356. [PMID: 38146616 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicate that maternal obesity is associated with the risk of cerebral palsy (CP); however, their conclusions have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To quantitatively estimate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and CP in offspring. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Articles published up to 18 September 2022 were searched that reported the correlation between maternal BMI and CP in children. Two reviewers independently extracted data and critically assessed articles. SYNTHESIS Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 11 articles (8,407,668 participants) were identified for inclusion in our meta-analysis. For maternal underweight, no significant association was found with CP risk (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.90, 1.38). The risk of CP was increased by 25% (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06, 1.47), 38% (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18, 1.61) and 127% (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.82, 2.83) for maternal overweight, obesity and obesity grade 3, respectively. In addition, we observed a positive linear dose-response relationship, with the pooled risk of cerebral palsy in offspring increasing by 3% with each unit increase in maternal BMI. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that the risk of CP in offspring grew with maternal overweight or obesity grades increasing, and was positively correlated with maternal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Hu
- The Second Department of pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Nanyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- Administration Department of Nursing Affairs, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Nanyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Babaei M, Machle CJ, Mokhtari P, Ottino González J, Schmidt KA, Alderete TL, Adise S, Peterson BS, Goran MI. Pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes in Latino infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:979-988. [PMID: 38600046 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the impact of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on infant neurodevelopment at 24 months in low-income Latino families. It also investigates whether infant diet mediates this relationship. METHODS Latino mother-infant pairs (n = 163) were enrolled at 1 month post partum and were followed for 2 years, with assessments at 6-month intervals. Maternal pre-pregnancy anthropometrics were self-reported at baseline, and child neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Diet quality of infants was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and HEI-Toddlers-2020 scores at multiple time points. Mediation and regression models that adjust for maternal factors were used to examine the associations. RESULTS Pre-pregnancy BMI showed significant negative associations with child cognitive scores (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.06, p < 0.001) and language scores (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.03, p = 0.01) at 24 months. Infant HEI-2015 scores at 24 months partly mediated these associations, explaining 23% and 30% of the total effect on cognitive and language subscales, respectively. No specific dietary components in infants mediated the relationship, except for the total HEI-2015 score. CONCLUSIONS Managing maternal obesity pre-pregnancy is crucial for improving infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially in low-income Latino families. Promoting healthy weight and enhancing infant diet quality can enhance neurodevelopment in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Babaei
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Machle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonatan Ottino González
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Shana Adise
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Fast K, Wentz E, Roswall J, Strandberg M, Bergman S, Dahlgren J. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism in 12-year-old children: A population-based cohort. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:493-500. [PMID: 37740541 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a population-based birth cohort and correlate the findings with prenatal and perinatal factors. We hypothesized that children born preterm, having experienced preeclampsia or maternal overweight, would have an increased risk of ADHD or ASD. METHOD A Swedish cohort of 2666 children (1350 males, 1316 females) has been followed from birth with parental and perinatal data. The National Board of Health and Welfare's registries were used to collect data regarding perinatal status and assigned diagnoses at the age of 12 years. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD and ASD was 7.6% and 1.1% respectively. Maternal obesity early in pregnancy resulted in a three-fold increased risk of ADHD in the child. Similarly, paternal obesity resulted in a two-fold increased risk. The association was significant also when adjusted for sex, preterm birth, smoking, and lower educational level. The prevalence of ASD was too low for statistically relevant risk factor analyses. INTERPRETATION Our results corroborate earlier findings regarding prevalence and sex ratio for both ADHD and ASD. Maternal body mass index and preterm birth were correlated with an ADHD diagnosis at the age of 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fast
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Wentz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Halland, Halland's Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Maxwell Strandberg
- Master of Science, Applied Statistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Kuhn L. Are links between maternal obesity early in pregnancy and child neurodevelopment causal? Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:411-412. [PMID: 37818731 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This commentary is on the original article by Fast et al. on pages 493–500 of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Campos-Sánchez I, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Hurtado-Pomares M, Júlvez J, Lertxundi N, Martens DS, Fernández-Somoano A, Riaño-Galán I, Guxens M, Ibarluzea JM, Nawrot T, Valera-Gran D. Association between telomere length and neuropsychological function at 4-5 years in children from the INMA project: a cross-sectional study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-023-02361-y. [PMID: 38246982 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Shortened telomere length (TL) has been associated with lower cognitive performance, different neurological diseases in adults, and certain neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, the evidence about the association between TL and neuropsychological developmental outcomes in children from the general population is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between TL and neuropsychological function in children 4-5 years of age. We included 686 children from the INMA Project, a population-based birth cohort in Spain. Leucocyte TL was determined by quantitative PCR method, and neuropsychological outcomes were measured using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MCSA). Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate associations adjusted for potential confounding variables. Main findings showed that a longer TL was associated with a higher mean working memory score (β = 4.55; 95% CI = 0.39, 8.71). In addition, longer TL was associated with a higher mean global quantitative score (β = 3.85; 95% CI = -0.19, 7.89), although the association was marginally significant. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows a positive association between TL and better neuropsychological outcomes in children. Although further research is required to confirm these results, this study supports the hypothesis that TL is essential in protecting and maintaining a child's health, including cognitive functions such as working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain.
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Miriam Hurtado-Pomares
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Júlvez
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isolina Riaño-Galán
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Endocrinología Pediátrica, HUCA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús María Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
- Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Desirée Valera-Gran
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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Dachew BA, Adane AA, Alati R. Maternal Pregnancy and Pre-Pregnancy Weight and Behavioural Outcomes in Children. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38247701 PMCID: PMC10812996 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Reported associations of pre-pregnancy weight and/or gestational weight gain with offspring behavioural outcomes are inconsistent. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this study aimed to examine these associations at five developmental stages between the ages of 3 and 16. Over 6800 mother-offspring pairs at age 3 and 3925 pairs at age 16 were included. Pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a 22% increased risk of total behavioural difficulties (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.45). In separate analyses using the SDQ subscales, pre-pregnancy underweight was linked to a 37% (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.65) and 33% (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.76) increased risk of emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviour problems over time, respectively. While pre-pregnancy overweight was associated with an 11% (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20) and 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.36) increased risk of conduct and peer relationship problems, respectively, pregnancy obesity was associated with a 43% increased risk of emotional problems (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.16-1.77). We found no evidence of associations between gestational weight gain and child behaviour except for a reduced risk in prosocial behaviour problems (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96). Our findings provide insights into the link between preconception BMI and child behaviour, underscoring the necessity for further research to validate these associations and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berihun A. Dachew
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Akilew A. Adane
- Ngangk Yira Institute for Change, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
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Sari NP, Tsompanidis A, Wahab RJ, Gaillard R, Aydin E, Holt R, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S, van IJzendoorn MH, Jansen PW. Is the association between mothers' autistic traits and childhood autistic traits moderated by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index? Mol Autism 2023; 14:46. [PMID: 38066561 PMCID: PMC10709910 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that there is a positive association between mothers' and children's autistic traits. We also tested if this association is more pronounced in mothers with a higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). METHOD The study was embedded in two cohorts with information available for 4,659 participants from the Generation R and for 179 participants from the Cambridge Ultrasound Siblings and Parents Project (CUSP) cohort. In both cohorts, maternal autistic traits were assessed using the short form of the Autism Spectrum Quotient, and information about maternal height and weight before pregnancy was obtained by questionnaire. Child autistic traits were assessed with the short form of Social Responsiveness Scale in Generation R (M = 13.5 years) and with the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in the CUSP cohort (M = 1.6 years). RESULT Higher maternal autistic traits were associated with higher autistic traits in toddlerhood (CUSP cohort; βadjusted = 0.20, p < 0.01), in early childhood (Generation R; βadjusted = 0.19, p < 0.01), and in early adolescence (Generation R; βadjusted = 0.16, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher child autistic traits, but only in Generation R (βadjusted = 0.03, p < 0.01). There was no significant moderating effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on the association between autistic traits of mothers and children, neither in Generation R nor in CUSP. In addition, child autistic traits scores were significantly higher in mothers who were underweight and in mothers who were overweight compared to mothers with a healthy weight. CONCLUSION We confirm the association between maternal and child autistic traits in toddlerhood, early childhood, and early adolescence. Potential interacting neurobiological processes remain to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novika Purnama Sari
- Department Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandros Tsompanidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rama J Wahab
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ezra Aydin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemary Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carrie Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Vestergaard AL, Andersen MK, Olesen RV, Bor P, Larsen A. High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Significantly Affects the Placental Transcriptome. Nutrients 2023; 15:5032. [PMID: 38140291 PMCID: PMC10745524 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent obstetrical concern associated with an increased risk of complications like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and growth retardation. Vitamin D status in pregnancy is also linked to long-term offspring health, e.g., the risk of obesity, metabolic disease, and neurodevelopmental problems. Despite the suspected role of vitamin D in placental diseases and fetal development, there is limited knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on placental function. Thus, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing, comparing the placental transcriptome from uncomplicated term pregnancies receiving the often-recommended dose of 10 µg vitamin D/day (n = 36) with pregnancies receiving 90 µg/day (n = 34) from late first trimester to delivery. Maternal vitamin D status in the first trimester was also considered. We found that signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, immune function, and neurodevelopment were affected, supporting that increased vitamin D supplementation benefits placental function in established pregnancies without severe vitamin D deficiency, also underlining the importance of vitamin D in brain development. Specific effects of the first trimester vitamin D status and offspring sex were also identified. Further studies are warranted, addressing the optimal vitamin status during pregnancy with a focus on organ-specific vitamin D needs in individual pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Louise Vestergaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark (P.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matilde K. Andersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark (P.B.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark (A.L.)
| | - Rasmus V. Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark (A.L.)
| | - Pinar Bor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark (P.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark (A.L.)
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England-Mason G, Anderson A, Bell RC, Subhan FB, Field CJ, Letourneau N, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D. Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Gestational Weight Gain Are Associated with Preschool Children's Neuropsychological Outcomes in the APrON Cohort. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1849. [PMID: 38136051 PMCID: PMC10742277 DOI: 10.3390/children10121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) and children's neuropsychological outcomes at 3 to 5 years of age. A total of 379 women and their children from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study participated. Covariate-adjusted robust regressions examined associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG class, interaction terms, and child outcomes. Each unit increase in maternal BMI was linked to a 0.48-point decrement (95% CI: -0.75 to -0.21) in children's Full Scale IQ. Higher pre-pregnancy BMI was related to poorer performance on the other intelligence indexes (B = -0.35 to -0.47, 95% CIs: -0.75, -0.02) and lower performance on measures of language (B = -0.08 to -0.09, 95% CIs: -0.16, -0.02), motor skills (B = -0.08 to -0.11, 95% CIs: -0.18, -0.01), and executive function (B = -0.09 to -0.16, 95% CIs: -0.26, -0.01). GWG below the recommended range was associated with a 4.04-point decrement (95% CI: 7.89, -0.11) in Full Scale IQ, but better performance on a spatial working memory test (B = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.52). GWG above the recommended range was associated with lower language (B = -0.79, 95% CI: -1.52, -0.06) and memory scores (B = -0.93, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.22). Interactions were found between pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on measures of intelligence and executive function. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG are related to children's performance in various neuropsychological domains and may interact to predict outcomes. Optimizing maternal health and weight prior to conception and during pregnancy may enhance children's neuropsychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada (N.L.); (G.F.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alida Anderson
- O’Brien Centre for the Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Rhonda C. Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.C.B.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Fatheema B. Subhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA;
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (R.C.B.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada (N.L.); (G.F.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gerald F. Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada (N.L.); (G.F.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada (N.L.); (G.F.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - The APrON Study Team
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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11
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Olga L, Sovio U, Wong H, Smith GCS, Aiken CEM. Maternal high body mass index, but not gestational diabetes, is associated with poorer educational attainment in mid-childhood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023:S0002-9378(23)02029-X. [PMID: 37981092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in children. However, confounding factors, especially maternal body mass index, have been poorly accounted for. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the independent associations between maternal body mass index, gestational diabetes mellitus status, and educational outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Antenatal data from a prospective birth cohort (Pregnancy Outcome Prediction Study, 2008-2012, Cambridge, United Kingdom) were linked to mid-childhood educational outcomes (Department for Education, United Kingdom). A total of 3249 children born at term were stratified by maternal gestational diabetes mellitus status and body mass index at booking (<25 vs ≥25 kg/m2). Regression models adjusted for relevant maternal, child, and socioeconomic factors were used to determine associations with academic outcomes at ages of 5 to 7 years. RESULTS No differences in educational attainment were found between children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus and nonexposed children. Neither maternal glucose levels measured at 11 to 14 or 24 to 28 weeks, nor acceleration of the fetal abdominal circumference growth velocity were related to educational attainment at ages of 5 to 7 years. Children of mothers with booking body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (vs <25 kg/m2) were ∼50% more likely to not meet expected educational standards regardless of gestational diabetes mellitus status (age 5: adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.74; P<.001; age 6: adjusted odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.02; P<.001). The association between maternal body mass index and offspring educational attainment is dose-dependent and robust to stratification by gestational diabetes mellitus status and adjustment for socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSION Mid-childhood educational attainment is not associated with maternal glucose status. This may provide important reassurance for pregnant women and clinicians. However, maternal body mass index is associated with lower childhood educational attainment and may be modifiable with intervention before or during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentya Olga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E M Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rosie Hospital, National Institute for Health and Care Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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12
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Journault M, Murthy P, Bansal N, Tang S, Al Awad E, Creighton D, Newman J, Lodha A. The association of maternal overweight on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants (< 29 weeks) at 18-24 months corrected age. J Perinatol 2023; 43:1413-1419. [PMID: 37479886 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-24 months corrected age (CA) in infants born < 29 weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN Infants born between 2005 and 2015 at < 29 weeks gestation were included. BMI was categorized into BMI1 [18.5-24.9 kg/m2], BMI2 [25-29.9 kg/m2], BMI3 [ ≥ 30 kg/m2]. Primary outcome was death or NDI (Bayley-III scores < 85, cerebral palsy, hearing or visual impairment). Univariate and multivariate analysis were used. RESULTS There were 315 infants in BMI1, 235 in BMI2, and 147 in BMI3 groups. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of death or NDI in BMI2 vs. BMI1 and BMI3 vs BMI1 groups were 1.33 (95% CI 0.86-2.06) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.47-1.22). Adjusted odds ratio of Bayley-III language composite < 85 was 2.06 (95% CI 1.28-3.32). CONCLUSION Pre-pregnancy BMI was not associated with death or NDI in extremely preterm infants. Infants born to overweight mothers had higher odds of low language scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Journault
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prashanth Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Neha Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Selphee Tang
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Essa Al Awad
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dianne Creighton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jill Newman
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abhay Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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13
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Dinsmoor MJ, Ugwu LG, Bailit JL, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM, Caritis SN, Prasad M, Tita ATN, Saade GR, Sorokin Y, Rouse DJ, Blackwell SC, Tolosa JE. Short-term neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100874. [PMID: 36690180 PMCID: PMC10065915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity complicates a high number of pregnancies. The degree to which neonatal outcomes are adversely affected is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity. STUDY DESIGN This study was a secondary analysis of a cohort of deliveries occurring on randomly selected days at 25 hospitals from 2008 to 2011. Data were collected by certified abstractors. This analysis included singleton deliveries between 24 and 42 weeks of gestation. Body mass index was calculated on the basis of maternal height and most recent weight before delivery. Normal and overweight (reference group; body mass index, 18.5-29.9 kg/m2), obese (body mass index, 30.0-39.9 kg/m2), morbidly obese (body mass index, 40.0-49.9 kg/m2), and super morbidly obese (body mass index, ≥50 kg/m2) patients were compared. Patients in the reference group were matched in a 1:1 ratio with those in all other groups with obesity using the baseline characteristics of age, race and ethnicity, previous cesarean delivery, preexisting diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, parity, cigarette use, and insurance status. The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity, including fetal or neonatal death, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, birth injury, seizures, or ventilator use. We used a modified Poisson regression to examine the associations between body mass index and composite neonatal outcome. Preterm delivery at <37 weeks of gestation and the presence of maternal preeclampsia or eclampsia were included in the final model because of their known associations with neonatal outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 52,162 patients and their neonates were included after propensity score matching. Of these, 21,704 (41.6%) were obese, 3787 (7.3%) were morbidly obese, and 590 (1.1%) were super morbidly obese. A total of 2103 neonates (4.0%) had the composite outcome. Neonates born to pregnant people with morbid obesity had a 33% increased risk of composite neonatal morbidity compared with those in the reference group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.52), but no significant association was observed for persons with obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.14) or with super morbid obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.64). CONCLUSION Compared with the reference group, gravidas with morbid obesity were at higher risk of composite neonatal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara J Dinsmoor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (Dr Dinsmoor).
| | - Lynda G Ugwu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC (Dr Ugwu)
| | - Jennifer L Bailit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center-Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (Dr Bailit)
| | - Uma M Reddy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (Dr Reddy)
| | - Ronald J Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Wapner)
| | - Michael W Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT (Dr Varner)
| | - John M Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Thorp)
| | - Steve N Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Dr Caritis)
| | - Mona Prasad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (Dr Prasad)
| | - Alan T N Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Tita)
| | - George R Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX (Dr Saade)
| | - Yoram Sorokin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (Dr Sorokin)
| | - Dwight J Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, RI (Dr Rouse)
| | - Sean C Blackwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGovern Medical School-Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (Dr Blackwell)
| | - Jorge E Tolosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Dr Tolosa)
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14
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Nieto-Ruiz A, Cerdó T, Jordano B, Torres-Espínola FJ, Escudero-Marín M, García-Ricobaraza M, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Suárez A, Campoy C. Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:41. [PMID: 36945049 PMCID: PMC10031971 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life. METHODS 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed. RESULTS At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Jordano
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Clinical University Hospital San Cecilio. Paediatric Service, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Torres-Espínola
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes G Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José A García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Tüfekci KK, Bakirhan EG, Terzi F. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Causes Anxiety-Related Behaviors by Altering Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor and Hippocampal Volumes in Rat Offspring: the Potential Effect of N-Acetylcysteine. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1499-1514. [PMID: 36502431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The children of obese mothers are known to have a high risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are prone to developing cognitive deficits, although the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) and anxiety-like behaviors in the hippocampi of male rat offspring exposed to maternal obesity and the potential neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A maternal obesity model was created using a high-fat (60% k/cal) diet. NAC (150 mg/kg) was administered by intragastric gavage for 25 days in both the NAC and obesity + NAC (ObNAC) groups. All male rat offspring were subjected to behavioral testing on postnatal day 28, the end of the experiment. Stereological analysis was performed on hippocampal sections, while NPY1R expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Stereological data indicated significant decreases in the total volume of the hippocampus and CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions in the obese (Ob) group (p < 0.01). Decreased NPY1R expression was observed in the Ob group hippocampus (p < 0.01). At behavioral assessments, the Ob group rats exhibited increased anxiety and less social interaction, although the ObNAC group rats exhibited stronger responses than the Ob group (p < 0.01). The study results show that NAC attenuated anxiety-like behaviors and NPY1R expression and also protected hippocampal volume against maternal obesity. The findings indicate that a decrease in NPY1R-positive neurons in the hippocampus of male rats due to maternal conditions may be associated with increased levels of anxiety and a lower hippocampal volume. Additionally, although there is no direct evidence, maintenance of NPY1R expression by NAC may be critical for regulating maternal obesity-induced anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Elfide Gizem Bakirhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Funda Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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16
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Ribas-Prats T, Arenillas-Alcón S, Pérez-Cruz M, Costa-Faidella J, Gómez-Roig MD, Escera C. Speech-Encoding Deficits in Neonates Born Large-for-Gestational Age as Revealed With the Envelope Frequency-Following Response. Ear Hear 2023:00003446-990000000-00115. [PMID: 36759954 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present envelope frequency-following response (FFRENV) study aimed at characterizing the neural encoding of the fundamental frequency of speech sounds in neonates born at the higher end of the birth weight continuum (>90th percentile), known as large-for-gestational age (LGA). DESIGN Twenty-five LGA newborns were recruited from the maternity unit of Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital and paired by age and sex with 25 babies born adequate-for-gestational age (AGA), all from healthy mothers and normal pregnancies. FFRENVs were elicited to the/da/ syllable and recorded while the baby was sleeping in its cradle after a successful universal hearing screening. Neural encoding of the stimulus' envelope of the fundamental frequency (F0ENV) was characterized through the FFRENV spectral amplitude. Relationships between electrophysiological parameters and maternal/neonatal variables that may condition neonatal neurodevelopment were assessed, including pregestational body mass index (BMI), maternal gestational weight gain and neonatal BMI. RESULTS LGA newborns showed smaller spectral amplitudes at the F0ENV compared to the AGA group. Significant negative correlations were found between neonatal BMI and the spectral amplitude at the F0ENV. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in spite of having a healthy pregnancy, LGA neonates' central auditory system is impaired in encoding a fundamental aspect of the speech sounds, namely their fundamental frequency. The negative correlation between the neonates' BMI and FFRENV indicates that this impaired encoding is independent of the pregnant woman BMI and weight gain during pregnancy, supporting the role of the neonatal BMI. We suggest that the higher adipose tissue observed in the LGA group may impair, via proinflammatory products, the fine-grained central auditory system microstructure required for the neural encoding of the fundamental frequency of speech sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ribas-Prats
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sonia Arenillas-Alcón
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Míriam Pérez-Cruz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Gómez-Roig
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and diet in association with neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-022-02455-4. [PMID: 36596942 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal metabolic disturbances and diet may influence long-term infantile neurodevelopment. We investigated whether maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), obesity, and diet could affect the neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children. METHODS Neurodevelopment of children (n = 243) born to mothers with overweight or obesity was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition, and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. Maternal adiposity was determined by air displacement plethysmography, and GDM with an oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary assessment included diet quality and fish consumption questionnaires, and three-day food diaries, from which dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores were computed. RESULTS GDM was associated with weaker expressive language skills (adj.β = -1.12, 95% CI = -2.10;-0.15), and higher maternal adiposity with weaker cognitive, language, and motor skills in children (adj.p < 0.05). Maternal good dietary quality (adj.β = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.004;1.73) and higher fish consumption (adj.p = 0.02) were related to better expressive language skills. DII scores were not associated with children's neurodevelopment. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that GDM and higher maternal adiposity may lead to weaker neurodevelopmental skills, although still within the mean normative range in this population of children. Good dietary quality and higher fish consumption during pregnancy could benefit a child's language development. IMPACT Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal higher adiposity may have unfavorable effects on a 2-year-old child's neurodevelopment. An overall good quality of diet and higher fish consumption during pregnancy may result in more favorable cognitive and language skills when the child is 2-year-old. Our findings reveal that women with overweight or obesity, a risk group for pregnancy complications, could benefit from dietary counseling to support their children's neurodevelopment.
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Dong X, Zhou A. Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with risk of offspring neurodevelopment at 2 years: A Chinese birth cohort study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1165743. [PMID: 37144148 PMCID: PMC10151668 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1165743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent decades, there has been a surge in both obesity and developmental impairments. Only a few research have looked at the relationship between gestational weight growth and pre-pregnancy BMI in mothers and the neurobehavioral development of their infants. The current research investigates the associations among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and the risk of child neural development at 2 years of age depending on a Chinese birth prospective study. Methods The study population was 3,115 mother-infant pairs were registered in the Wuhan Health Baby cohort between September 2013 and October 2018, and data from this cohort was used in this investigation. The Chinese classification was used to group maternal BMI before conception. Based on the 2019 Life Cycle Project-Maternal Obesity and Childhood Outcomes Study Group, categories for GWG were created. The outcome was an assessment of child neural development at age 2 which was measured by employing a Chinese translation of the Bayley scales (BSID-CR). The multivariate regression models were used to calculate the beta (β) coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for estimating the associations between continuous Bayley scores and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI categories, as same as in GWG categories. Results Infants of overweight and obese moms exhibited lower MDI scores than those of mothers with normal pre-pregnancy BMI (β = -2.510, 95%CI = -4.821 to -0.200) in the entire sample. Meanwhile, we find among the normal pre-pregnancy BMI mothers, infants of inadequate GWG mothers had lower MDI scores (β = -3.952, 95%CI = -7.809 to -0.094) compared with the referenced adequate GWG mothers, as well as the infants of excessive GWG mothers among the underweight pre-pregnancy BMI mothers (β = -5.173, 95%CI = -9.803 to -0.543). The PDI scores of the infants were not affected by the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI or GWG. Conclusion For Chinese babies aged 2 in this nationally representative sample, aberrant pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG can impair infants' mental development, but not psychomotor development. Such results are significant given the incidence of overweight and obesity as well as the long-term effects of early brain development. In this study we found optimal GWG recommendations proposed by 2019 Life Cycle Project-Maternal Obesity and Childhood Outcomes Study Group were more suitable for Chinese women than 2009 Institute of Medicine(IOM) guidelines. Additionally, women should be given general advice on how to achieve their ideal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence: Aifen Zhou
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Dow C, Lorthe E, Marchand-Martin L, Galera C, Tafflet M, Ancel PY, Charles MA, Heude B. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and offspring hyperactivity-inattention symptoms at 5 years in preterm and term children: a multi-cohort analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18190. [PMID: 36307528 PMCID: PMC9616941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and child hyperactivity-inattention symptoms (HIS) at 5 years, including preterm and term-born children, and to determine whether this association varied with gestational age. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring HIS were assessed in 10,898 participants born ≥ 33 weeks of gestation from the ELFE cohort and 2646 children born between 23 and 34 weeks from the EPIPAGE 2 cohort. Reported pre-pregnancy weight (kg) and measured height (m) were collected from mothers at inclusion and used to classify BMI (kg/m2). Child HIS were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire around 5 years of age. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) of a high HIS score (≥ 90th percentile) in the ELFE cohort and generalized estimated equations were used in EPIPAGE 2 to account for non-independence of multiple births. As a negative control, paternal BMI was also considered as an exposure of interest in sensitivity analyses. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight were associated with child HIS at 5 years in ELFE (adjusted OR [aOR] for obesity 1.27 [1.06, 1.53]; overweight aOR 1.16 [1.00, 1.36]) and pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with high HIS scores in preterm infants of EPIPAGE 2 (aOR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]). In ELFE, the magnitude of the association increased with decreasing gestational age (interaction p = 0.02). High maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with greater likelihood of high HIS scores in both at-term and preterm children at 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Dow
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Marchand-Martin
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XInserm, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France ,Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Muriel Tafflet
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, 75004 Paris, France
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20
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Robinson DT, Josefson J, Balmert LC, Van Horn L, Silton RL. Early Growth and Cognitive Development in Children Born Preterm: Relevance of Maternal Body Mass Index. Am J Perinatol 2022; 29:1555-1562. [PMID: 33592668 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) represents a surrogate marker of fetal exposures to the maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Yet, it remains poorly understood whether this marker indicates risk of altered trajectories in postnatal growth and development in children born preterm. This study aimed to determine whether maternal prepregnancy BMI is associated with altered growth and development in children born preterm. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study evaluated prepregnancy BMI as the exposure for childhood outcomes using linear regression and mixed effects models. The 38 children included in this follow-up evaluation originally participated in a prospective, observational cohort study to determine longitudinal levels of lipid species in preterm human milk expressed by women who delivered prior to 32 weeks. Childhood outcomes in this study were anthropometric measures during hospitalization (n = 38), after discharge through 36 months (n = 34) and Bayley-III developmental scores through 18 months corrected age (n = 26). RESULTS In 38 children born prior to 32 weeks, higher maternal prepregnancy BMI was independently associated with higher preterm infant growth velocity during hospitalization, but not associated with in-hospital change in length or head circumference and/or postdischarge growth. In univariate linear regression models, higher maternal BMI was associated with lower cognitive scores at 18 months corrected age. This significant association remained in an adjusted model accounting for relevant influences on early childhood development. CONCLUSION Increasing maternal prepregnancy BMI may reflect risk of altered growth and cognitive development in children born preterm. KEY POINTS · Maternal BMI was associated with early preterm infant weight gain.. · Maternal BMI was not associated with postdischarge growth.. · Increased maternal BMI may be associated with lower cognitive function scores in offspring..
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jami Josefson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren C Balmert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca L Silton
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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van Dun C, Lisi I, van Diepen J, Gross G, Janzen G, Aarts E. Development of Spatial Orientation in Two-to-Three-Year-Old Children in Relation to Lifestyle Factors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163322. [PMID: 36014828 PMCID: PMC9414767 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, and sleep, have been studied in the context of children’s health. However, how these lifestyle factors contribute to the development of cognitive abilities, including spatial cognition, remains vastly understudied. One landmark in spatial cognitive development occurs between 2.5 and 3 years of age. For spatial orientation at that age, children learn to use allocentric reference frames (using spatial relations between objects as the primary reference frame) in addition to, the already acquired, egocentric reference frames (using one’s own body as the primary reference frame). In the current virtual reality study in a sample of 30–36-month-old toddlers (N = 57), we first demonstrated a marginally significant developmental shift in spatial orientation. Specifically, task performance with allocentric performance increased relative to egocentric performance (ηp2 = 0.06). Next, we explored a variety of lifestyle factors, including diet, in relation to task performance, to explain individual differences. Screen time and gestational weight gain of the mother were negatively associated with spatial task performance. The findings presented here can be used to guide future confirmatory studies about the role of lifestyle factors in the development of spatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia van Dun
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.v.D.); (E.A.); Tel.: +31-(0)24-3610887 (C.v.D.); +31-(0)6-31132617 (E.A.)
| | - Ilaria Lisi
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna van Diepen
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Gross
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Janzen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.v.D.); (E.A.); Tel.: +31-(0)24-3610887 (C.v.D.); +31-(0)6-31132617 (E.A.)
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22
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Sigurdardottir JN, White S, Flynn A, Singh C, Briley A, Rutherford M, Poston L. Longitudinal phenotyping of maternal antenatal depression in obese pregnant women supports multiple-hit hypothesis for fetal brain development, a secondary analysis of the UPBEAT study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 50:101512. [PMID: 35784438 PMCID: PMC9241104 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal antenatal depression is associated with offspring psychological disorders, but obesity is also widely implicated in maternal depression and neurodevelopment. In pregnant women with obesity we explored interrelationships between antenatal depressive symptom trajectories and multiple exposures implicated in fetal neurodevelopment which could explain these associations, as a prelude to exploring associations with infant mental health. METHODS The UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT) recruited multi-ethnic pregnant women with obesity (BMI >= 30kg/m2) between March 2009 and June 2014 from 8 UK sites and 1369 were included to model longitudinal antenatal depressive symptoms from Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores using Latent Class Growth Analysis. Classes were compared on maternal baseline demography, biomarkers of metabolism, inflammation and placental function, infection, diet and by pregnancy and birth outcomes. Odds ratios, mean differences and 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated using robust auxiliary modelling techniques. FINDINGS The chosen model produced four classes: "Not Depressed" (n=575 [42%], "reference"), "Mild" (n=523 [37·5%]), "Moderate" (n=219 [16%]) and "Severe" (n=62 [4·5%]) symptom trajectories. Socio-economic deprivation and ethnic diversity were greater in Severe and Moderate classes. Dietary glycaemic load and saturated fat intake were higher in Severe and Moderate classes (at 17 and 27 weeks). Higher Interleukin-6, glycoprotein acetyls (17 weeks), glucose (34 weeks) and lower placental growth factor (PlGF, 17 and 27 weeks) was found in the Severe class. PlGF was lower in the Moderate class (27 weeks). Infection was least likely in the Not Depressed class across gestation. Risks of preterm birth were associated with Severe depressive symptoms (aOR 3·05[1·11 to 8·36]). INTERPRETATION Comprehensive phenotyping exposes important fetal exposures implicated in adverse neurodevelopment, differing by depression class. This study expands substantially on causal models of suboptimal fetal neurodevelopment and offers potential new targets for intervention in obese pregnant women. FUNDING JNS was funded by a PhD studentship from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. UPBEAT was supported by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), project EarlyNutrition; grant agreement no. 289346 and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (UK) Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (RP-0407-10452), Medical Research Council UK Project Grant (MR/L002477/1). Support was also provided by the Chief Scientist Office Scotland, Guy's and St Thomas' Charity and Tommy's Charity (Registered charity no. 1060508). LP and SLW are funded by Tommy's Charity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nihouarn Sigurdardottir
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 1st Floor South Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sara White
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas's, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Flynn
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas's, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Singh
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, 57 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Briley
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas's, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 1st Floor South Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas's, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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23
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Dunn GA, Mitchell AJ, Selby M, Fair DA, Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL. Maternal diet and obesity shape offspring central and peripheral inflammatory outcomes in juvenile non-human primates. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:224-236. [PMID: 35217175 PMCID: PMC8995380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic affects 40% of adults in the US, with approximately one-third of pregnant women classified as obese. Previous research suggests that children born to obese mothers are at increased risk for a number of health conditions. The mechanisms behind this increased risk are poorly understood. Increased exposure to in-utero inflammation induced by maternal obesity is proposed as an underlying mechanism for neurodevelopmental alterations in offspring. Utilizing a non-human primate model of maternal obesity, we hypothesized that maternal consumption of an obesogenic diet will predict offspring peripheral (e.g., cytokines and chemokines) and central (microglia number) inflammatory outcomes via the diet's effects on maternal adiposity and maternal inflammatory state during the third trimester. We used structural equation modeling to simultaneously examine the complex associations among maternal diet, metabolic state, adiposity, inflammation, and offspring central and peripheral inflammation. Four latent variables were created to capture maternal chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and offspring cytokine and chemokines. Model results showed that offspring microglia counts in the basolateral amygdala were associated with maternal diet (β = -0.622, p < 0.01), adiposity (β = 0.593, p < 0.01), and length of gestation (β = 0.164, p < 0.05) but not with maternal chemokines (β = 0.135, p = 0.528) or maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines (β = 0.083, p = 0.683). Additionally, we found that juvenile offspring peripheral cytokines (β = -0.389, p < 0.01) and chemokines (β = -0.298, p < 0.05) were associated with a maternal adiposity-induced decrease in maternal circulating chemokines during the third trimester (β = -0.426, p < 0.01). In summary, these data suggest that maternal diet and adiposity appear to directly predict offspring amygdala microglial counts while maternal adiposity influences offspring peripheral inflammatory outcomes via maternal inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - AJ Mitchell
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Neuroscience
| | - Matthew Selby
- University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology
| | - Damien A Fair
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Masonic Institute of Child Development
| | | | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology,Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Neuroscience,Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry
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24
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Mitchell AJ, Dunn GA, Sullivan EL. The Influence of Maternal Metabolic State and Nutrition on Offspring Neurobehavioral Development: A Focus on Preclinical Models. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:450-460. [PMID: 34915175 PMCID: PMC9086110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of both obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders has increased substantially over the last several decades. Early environmental factors, including maternal nutrition and metabolic state during gestation, influence offspring neurodevelopment. Both human and preclinical models demonstrate a link between poor maternal nutrition, altered metabolic state, and risk of behavioral abnormalities in offspring. This review aims to highlight evidence from the current literature connecting maternal nutrition and the associated metabolic changes with neural and behavioral outcomes in the offspring, as well as identify possible mechanisms underlying these neurodevelopmental outcomes. Owing to the highly correlated nature of poor nutrition and obesity in humans, preclinical animal models are important in distinguishing the unique effects of maternal nutrition and metabolic state on offspring brain development. We use a translational lens to highlight results from preclinical animal models of maternal obesogenic diet related to alterations in behavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Specifically, we aim to highlight results that resemble behavioral phenotypes described in the diagnostic criteria of neurodevelopmental conditions in humans. Finally, we examine the proinflammatory nature of maternal obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet as a mechanism for neurodevelopmental alterations that may alter offspring behavior later in life. It is important that future studies examine potential therapeutic interventions and prevention strategies to interrupt the transgenerational transmission of the disease. Given the tremendous risk to the next generation, changes need to be made to ensure that all pregnant people have access to nutritious food and are informed about the optimal diet for their developing child.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mitchell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Geoffrey A Dunn
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon; Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
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25
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Musillo C, Berry A, Cirulli F. Prenatal psychological or metabolic stress increases the risk for psychiatric disorders: the "funnel effect" model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104624. [PMID: 35304226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adverse stressful experiences in utero can redirect fetal brain development, ultimately leading to increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Obesity during pregnancy can have similar effects as maternal stress, affecting mental health in the offspring. In order to explain how similar outcomes may originate from different prenatal conditions, we propose a "funnel effect" model whereby maternal psychological or metabolic stress triggers the same evolutionarily conserved response pathways, increasing vulnerability for psychopathology. In this context, the placenta, which is the main mother-fetus interface, appears to facilitate such convergence, re-directing "stress" signals to the fetus. Characterizing converging pathways activated by different adverse environmental conditions is fundamental to assess the emergence of risk signatures of major psychiatric disorders, which might enable preventive measures in risk populations, and open up new diagnostics, and potentially therapeutic approaches for disease prevention and health promotion already during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Identification of neurodevelopmental transition patterns from infancy to early childhood and risk factors predicting descending transition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4822. [PMID: 35314751 PMCID: PMC8938496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether neurodevelopmental progress from infancy to early childhood remains stable. Moreover, little is known about the risk factors, if any, affecting neurodevelopmental descending transition patterns and the relationship between these patterns and later childhood adaptive behaviours. We used data of 875 children from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort Study in Japan. Children’s neurodevelopment at 18 and 32 months and adaptive behaviours at 40 months were evaluated. Perinatal factors and infant overweight status at 18 months were investigated to identify descending-transition-associated risk factors. In the latent transition analysis, ultimately, three classes were identified for each time-point, resulting in nine transition patterns; among them, 10.4% of children showed descending class shifts (normal to delayed class). Such decelerated growth was predicted by maternal pre-pregnancy overweight status (odds ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 5.02), low maternal educational history (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04, 1.36), and infant overweight status at 18 months (OR 5.89; 95% CI 1.26, 27.45). Children with descending transition showed poor functioning in adaptive behaviours at the age of 40 months. To prevent subsequent poor adaptive functioning, it may be necessary to consider that a certain percentage of children show decelerated growth.
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Modifying the maternal microbiota alters the gut-brain metabolome and prevents emotional dysfunction in the adult offspring of obese dams. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108581119. [PMID: 35197280 PMCID: PMC8892342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108581119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity disturbs brain-gut-microbiota interactions and induces negative affect in the offspring, but its impact on gut and brain metabolism in the offspring (F1) are unknown. Here, we tested whether perinatal intake of a multispecies probiotic could mitigate the abnormal emotional behavior in the juvenile and adult offspring of obese dams. Untargeted NMR-based metabolomic profiling and gene-expression analysis throughout the gut-brain axis were then used to investigate the biology underpinning behavioral changes in the dams and their offspring. Prolonged high-fat diet feeding reduced maternal gut short-chain fatty acid abundance, increased markers of peripheral inflammation, and decreased the abundance of neuroactive metabolites in maternal milk during nursing. Both juvenile (postnatal day [PND] 21) and adult (PND112) offspring of obese dams exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior, which were prevented by perinatal probiotic exposure. Maternal probiotic treatment increased gut butyrate and brain lactate in the juvenile and adult offspring and increased the expression of prefrontal cortex PFKFB3, a marker of glycolytic metabolism in astrocytes. PFKFB3 expression correlated with the increase in gut butyrate in the juvenile and adult offspring. Maternal obesity reduced synaptophysin expression in the adult offspring, while perinatal probiotic exposure increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Finally, we showed that the resilience of juvenile and adult offspring to anxiety-like behavior was most prominently associated with increased brain lactate abundance, independent of maternal group. Taken together, we show that maternal probiotic supplementation exerts a long-lasting effect on offspring neuroplasticity and the offspring gut-liver-brain metabolome, increasing resilience to emotional dysfunction induced by maternal obesity.
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Abstract
Individuals born extremely preterm (before 28 weeks of gestation) comprise only about 0.7% of births in the United States and an even lower proportion in other high resource countries. However, these individuals account for a disproportionate number of children with cerebral palsy, intellectual deficit, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and epilepsy. This review describes two large multiple center cohorts comprised of individuals born extremely preterm: the EPICURE cohort, recruited 1995 in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, and the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN), recruited 2002-2004 in five states in the United States. The primary focus of these studies has been neurodevelopmental disorders, but also of interest are growth, respiratory illness, and parent- and self-reported global health and well-being. Both of these studies indicate that among individuals born extremely preterm the risks of most neurodevelopmental disorders are increased. Early life factors that contribute to this risk include perinatal brain damage, some of which can be identified using neonatal head ultrasound, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and neonatal systemic inflammation. Prenatal factors, particularly the family's socioeconomic position, also appear to contribute to risk. For most adverse outcomes, the risk is higher in males. Young adults born extremely preterm who have neurodevelopmental impairment, as compared to those without such impairment, rate their quality of life lower. However, young adults born extremely preterm who do not have neurodevelopmental impairments rate their quality of life as being similar to that of young adults born at term. Finally, we summarize the current state of interventions designed to improve the life course of extremely premature infants, with particular focus on efforts to prevent premature birth and on postnatal efforts to prevent adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve L Taylor
- Genevieve L Taylor MD: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- T. Michael O'Shea, MD, MPH: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
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Corken A, Thakali KM. Maternal Obesity Programming of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Associated Immune Cells: An Understudied Area With Few Answers and Many Questions. Front Physiol 2022; 12:798987. [PMID: 35126181 PMCID: PMC8815821 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.798987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has become alarmingly high with estimates foreshadowing a continued escalation in the future. Furthermore, there is growing evidence attributing an individual’s predisposition for developing obesity to maternal health during gestation. Currently, 60% of pregnancies in the US are to either overweight or obese mothers which in turn contributes to the persistent rise in obesity rates. While obesity itself is problematic, it conveys an increased risk for several diseases such as diabetes, inflammatory disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, as we are learning more about the mechanisms underlying CVD, much attention has been brought to the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in maintaining cardiovascular health. PVAT regulates vascular tone and for a significant number of individuals, obesity elicits PVAT disruption and dysregulation of vascular function. Obesity elicits changes in adipocyte and leukocyte populations within PVAT leading to an inflammatory state which promotes vasoconstriction thereby aiding the onset/progression of CVD. Our current understanding of obesity, PVAT and CVD has only been examined at the individual level without consideration for a maternal programming effect. It is unknown if maternal obesity affects the propensity for PVAT remodeling in the offspring, thereby enhancing the obesity/CVD link, and what role PVAT leukocytes play in this process. This perspective will focus on the maternal contribution of the interplay between obesity, PVAT disruption and CVD and will highlight the leukocyte/PVAT interaction as a novel target to stem the tide of the current obesity epidemic and its secondary health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Corken
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keshari M. Thakali
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Keshari M. Thakali,
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30
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Maternal early-pregnancy body mass index-associated metabolomic component and mental and behavioral disorders in children. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4653-4661. [PMID: 35948657 PMCID: PMC9734035 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and/or higher body mass index (BMI) have been associated with neurodevelopmental and mental health adversities in children. While maternal metabolomic perturbations during pregnancy may underpin these associations, the existing evidence is limited to studying individual metabolites, not capturing metabolic variation specific to maternal BMI, and not accounting for the correlated nature of the metabolomic measures. By using multivariate supervised analytical methods, we first identified maternal early-pregnancy BMI-associated metabolomic component during pregnancy. We then examined whether this component was associated with mental and behavioral disorders in children, improved the prediction of the child outcomes over maternal BMI, and what proportion of the effect of maternal BMI on the child outcomes this component mediated. Early-pregnancy BMI of 425 mothers participating in the PREDO study was extracted from the national Medical Birth Register. During pregnancy, mothers donated up to three blood samples, from which a targeted panel of 68 metabolites were measured. Mental and behavioral disorders in children followed-up from birth until 8.4-12.8 years came from the Care Register for Health Care. Of the 68 metabolites averaged across the three sampling points, 43 associated significantly with maternal early-pregnancy BMI yielding a maternal early-pregnancy BMI-associated metabolomic component (total variance explained, 55.4%; predictive ability, 52.0%). This metabolomic component was significantly associated with higher hazard of any mental and behavioral disorder [HR 1.45, 95%CI(1.15, 1.84)] and relative risk of having a higher number of co-morbid disorders [RR 1.43, 95%CI(1.12, 1.69)] in children. It improved the goodness-of-model-fit over maternal BMI by 37.7-65.6%, and hence the predictive significance of the model, and mediated 60.8-75.8% of the effect of maternal BMI on the child outcomes. Maternal BMI-related metabolomic perturbations during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of mental and behavioral disorders in children. These findings may allow identifying metabolomic targets for personalized interventions.
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Dammann O, Dörk T, Hillemanns P, Reydon T. Causation and causal inference in obstetrics-gynecology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:12-23. [PMID: 34991897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Causation and causal inference are of utmost importance in obstetrics and gynecology. In many clinical situations, causal reasoning is involved in etiological explanations, diagnostic considerations, and conversations about prognosis. In this paper, we offer an overview of the philosophical accounts of causation that may not be familiar to, but still be appreciated by, the busy clinician. In our discussion, we do not try to simplify what is a rather complex range of ideas. We begin with an introduction to some important basic ideas, followed by 2 sections on the metaphysical and epistemological aspects of causality, which offer a more detailed discussion of some of its specific philosophical facets, using examples from obstetrical and gynecologic research and practice along the way. We hope our discussion will help deepen the thinking and discourse about causation and causal inference in gynecology and obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Dammann
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Reydon
- Institute of Philosophy, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Socially Engaged Philosophy of Science Group, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Interdisciplinarity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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32
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Lee PMY, Tse LA, László KD, Wei D, Yu Y, Li J. Association of maternal body mass index with intellectual disability risk. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021; 106:584-590. [PMID: 33849956 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and children's intellectual disability (ID) risk in the absence of chromosomal disorders, neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis, taking adverse birth outcomes, maternal hypertension/diabetes and maternal socioeconomic status into consideration. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of singletons without common genetic defects born in Sweden during 1992-2006, and followed them from birth until 31 December 2014 (n=1 186 836). Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse the association between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and the risk of offspring's ID. RESULTS The risk of ID was higher in children born to mothers who were underweight (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.36), overweight (HR=1.28, 95% CI=1.21 to 1.34) or had obesity class I (HR=1.63, 95% CI=1.53 to 1.74), obesity class II (HR=2.08, 95% CI=1.88 to 2.30) and obesity class III (HR=2.31, 95% CI=1.46 to 3.65) than in children born to normal weight mothers. Results remained consistent after excluding children with adverse birth outcome or born to mothers with gestational hypertension/diabetes. Analysis stratified by maternal education and annual household income showed that the association between maternal underweight and children's ID risk was attenuated among children of mothers with tertiary education or with high income. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that maternal underweight or overweight/obesity in early pregnancy was associated with the development of ID in their offspring. This association was independent of the effect of adverse birth outcomes and maternal hypertension/diabetes. High socioeconomic status may attenuate the risk of ID among children of underweight mothers. This study highlights the importance of improving health education before conception to reduce children's ID risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Ming Yi Lee
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Krisztina D László
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dang Wei
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - YongFu Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Midtjylland, Denmark
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Midtjylland, Denmark
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33
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Rajasilta O, Häkkinen S, Björnsdotter M, Scheinin NM, Lehtola SJ, Saunavaara J, Parkkola R, Lähdesmäki T, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI associates with neonate local and distal functional connectivity of the left superior frontal gyrus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19182. [PMID: 34584134 PMCID: PMC8478954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity/overweight during pregnancy has reached epidemic proportions and has been linked with adverse outcomes for the offspring, including cognitive impairment and increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prior neuroimaging investigations have reported widespread aberrant functional connectivity and white matter tract abnormalities in neonates born to obese mothers. Here we explored whether maternal pre-pregnancy adiposity is associated with alterations in local neuronal synchrony and distal connectivity in the neonate brain. 21 healthy mother-neonate dyads from uncomplicated pregnancies were included in this study (age at scanning 26.14 ± 6.28 days, 12 male). The neonates were scanned with a 6-min resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) during natural sleep. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) maps were computed from obtained rs-fMRI data. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association of pre-pregnancy maternal body-mass-index (BMI) and ReHo. Seed-based connectivity analysis with multiple regression was subsequently performed with seed-ROI derived from ReHo analysis. Maternal adiposity measured by pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with neonate ReHo values within the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (FWE-corrected p < 0.005). Additionally, we found both positive and negative associations (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected) for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and seed-based connectivity between left SFG and prefrontal, amygdalae, basal ganglia and insular regions. Our results imply that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI associates with local and distal functional connectivity within the neonate left superior frontal gyrus. These findings add to the evidence that increased maternal pre-pregnancy BMI has a programming influence on the developing neonate brain functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Rajasilta
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Suvi Häkkinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Department of Psychiatry for Affective Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu J Lehtola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuire Lähdesmäki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK (Sigrid Juselius Fellowship), Oxford, UK.,Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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34
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Matias SL, Pearl M, Lyall K, Croen LA, Kral TVE, Fallin D, Lee LC, Bradley CB, Schieve LA, Windham GC. Maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in association with autism and developmental disorders in offspring. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1554-1564. [PMID: 34347372 PMCID: PMC9186321 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) are examined in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disorders (DD) in offspring in a multisite case-control study. METHODS Maternal prepregnancy BMI, obtained from medical records or self-report, was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity Class 1, or obesity Class 2/3. GWG was standardized for gestational age (GWG z score), and the rate (pounds/week) was categorized per adherence with clinical recommendations. Logistic regression models, adjusting for demographic factors, were used to assess associations with ASD (n = 1,159) and DD (n = 1,617), versus control children (n = 1,633). RESULTS Maternal obesity Class 2/3 was associated with ASD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.40-2.51) and DD (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.22-2.13). GWG z score was not associated with DD (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.95-1.36), but the GWG z score highest tertile was associated with higher odds of ASD, particularly among male children (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.15-1.88). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that maternal prepregnancy severe obesity increases risk of ASD and DD in children and suggest high gestational-age-adjusted GWG is a risk factor for ASD in male children. Because maternal BMI and GWG are routinely measured and potentially modifiable, these findings could inform early interventions for high-risk mother-child dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L. Matias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Health Investigation Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Tanja V. E. Kral
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Ching Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chyrise B. Bradley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura A. Schieve
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gayle C. Windham
- Environmental Health Investigation Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, D'Alessandro A, Walker VK, Balser M, Noonan K, Law AJ, Freedman R. Maternal prenatal choline and inflammation effects on 4-year-olds' performance on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-IV. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:50-56. [PMID: 34174557 PMCID: PMC8364874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal gestational inflammation from infection, obesity, depression, and adverse childhood experiences negatively affects offspring cognitive development. Choline is a key nutrient in fetal brain development. We investigated whether higher maternal plasma choline concentrations have a positive association with offspring cognition, specifically processing speed, in the presence of inflammation. Forty-eight children were evaluated at 4 years of age. Processing Speed Composite Score on the Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scales of Intelligence was the principal outcome. Maternal C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and choline plasma concentration had been measured at 16 weeks' gestation. Choline concentrations >7.07μM were compared to lower levels. Mothers with lower choline levels reported more depression and stress. Head circumference was larger for neonates of mothers with higher choline levels. In analyses with maternal CRP, higher maternal choline was associated with higher offspring Processing Speed Composite Scores for both sexes. For males, higher maternal choline competed with the negative association of maternal CRP on Processing Speed. Higher Processing Speed was related to the child's behavioral ratings, with fewer Withdrawn Problems on the Child Behavior Checklist 1 ½-5 years at 4 years and higher Infant Behavior Questionnaire Orienting/Regulation at 3 months of age, consistent with persistent developmental effects. Higher processing speed and decreased problems in social withdrawal are positively associated with prenatal maternal choline. Both lower processing speed and social withdrawal problems are precursors to later mental difficulties. Choline supplementation in pregnancy may mitigate effects of maternal inflammation that contribute to problems in offspring's' cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Camille Hoffman
- Departments of Psychiatry, USA; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda J Law
- Departments of Psychiatry, USA; Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Veselinović A, Petrović S, Žikić V, Subotić M, Jakovljević V, Jeremić N, Vučić V. Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090893. [PMID: 34577816 PMCID: PMC8464922 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child's brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut-brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Veselinović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-3208-552; Fax: +381-11-2624-168
| | - Snježana Petrović
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Vladica Žikić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (M.S.)
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nevena Jeremić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (V.V.)
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37
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Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Räikkönen K, Bhattacharya S, Reynolds RM. Maternal body mass index in pregnancy and mental disorders in adult offspring: a record linkage study in Aberdeen, Scotland. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15132. [PMID: 34302021 PMCID: PMC8302653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity in pregnancy predicts offspring psychopathology risk in childhood but it remains unclear whether maternal obesity or underweight associate with adult offspring mental disorders. We examined longitudinally whether maternal body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy predicted mental disorders in her offspring and whether the associations differed by offspring birth year among 68,571 mother–child dyads of Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank, Scotland. The offspring were born 1950–1999. Maternal BMI was measured at a mean 15.7 gestational weeks and classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, moderate obesity and severe obesity. Mental disorders were identified from nationwide registers carrying diagnoses of all hospitalizations and deaths in Scotland in 1996–2017. We found that maternal BMI in pregnancy was associated with offspring mental disorders in a time-dependent manner: In offspring born 1950–1974, maternal underweight predicted an increased hazard of mental disorders [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.01–3.00)]. In offspring born 1975–1999, maternal severe obesity predicted increased hazards of any mental (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.08–2.38) substance use (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.03–3.57) and schizophrenia spectrum (HR 2.80; 95% CI 1.40–5.63) disorders. Our findings of time-specific associations between maternal prenatal BMI and adult offspring mental disorders may carry important public health implications by underlining possible lifelong effects of maternal BMI on offspring psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science and Tommy's Centre for Fetal and Maternal Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Oldenburg KS, Eaves LA, Smeester L, Santos HP, O'Shea TM, Fry RC. Development of the genomic inflammatory index (GII) to assess key maternal antecedents associated with placental inflammation. Placenta 2021; 111:82-90. [PMID: 34182215 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental inflammation is associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, including poor pregnancy outcomes as well as later in life health. The current clinical methodologies for evaluating placental histology for inflammation are limited in their sensitivity. The objective of this study was to develop a genomic inflammatory index (GII) that can be utilized as a biomarker to effectively quantify and evaluate placental inflammation. METHODS RNA-sequencing of n = 386 placentas from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) cohort was conducted. Transcriptional data for a biologically-targeted set of 14 genes, selected for their established role in pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, were aggregated to construct the GII. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine relationships between 47 perinatal factors and the GII. RESULTS The GII demonstrated a nine-fold difference across subjects and displayed positive trends with other indicators of placental inflammation. Significant differences in the GII were observed for race where women who self-identified as Black displayed higher levels of placental inflammation than those who self-identified as White women (p < 0.001). Additionally, married Black women showed reduced placental inflammation compared to those who were unmarried (beta value: 0.828, p-value: 0.032). Placentas from women who were treated with steroids during the delivery of the infant displayed higher GII levels than those who were not (p = 0.023). DISCUSSION Overall, the GII demonstrated an association between various perinatal factors and placental inflammation. It is anticipated that the GII will provide a novel genomics tool for quantifying placental inflammation, allowing for further investigation of causes, and ultimately the prevention, of inflammation in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi S Oldenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Individuals who are minoritized as a result of race, sexual identity, gender, or socioeconomic status experience a higher prevalence of many diseases. Understanding the biological processes that cause and maintain these socially driven health inequities is essential for addressing them. The gut microbiome is strongly shaped by host environments and affects host metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions, making it an important pathway by which differences in experiences caused by social, political, and economic forces could contribute to health inequities. Nevertheless, few studies have directly integrated the gut microbiome into investigations of health inequities. Here, we argue that accounting for host-gut microbe interactions will improve understanding and management of health inequities, and that health policy must begin to consider the microbiome as an important pathway linking environments to population health.
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Hua LL, Alderman EM, Chung RJ, Grubb LK, Lee J, Powers ME, Upadhya KK, Wallace SB. Collaborative Care in the Identification and Management of Psychosis in Adolescents and Young Adults. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2021-051486. [PMID: 34031232 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatricians are often the first physicians to encounter adolescents and young adults presenting with psychotic symptoms. Although pediatricians would ideally be able to refer these patients immediately into psychiatric care, the shortage of child and adolescent psychiatry services may sometimes require pediatricians to make an initial assessment or continue care after recommendations are made by a specialist. Knowing how to identify and further evaluate these symptoms in pediatric patients and how to collaborate with and refer to specialty care is critical in helping to minimize the duration of untreated psychosis and to optimize outcomes. Because not all patients presenting with psychotic-like symptoms will convert to a psychotic disorder, pediatricians should avoid prematurely assigning a diagnosis when possible. Other contributing factors, such as co-occurring substance abuse or trauma, should also be considered. This clinical report describes psychotic and psychotic-like symptoms in the pediatric age group as well as etiology, risk factors, and recommendations for pediatricians, who may be among the first health care providers to identify youth at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei L. Hua
- Catholic Charities of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
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Huang L, Chen Y, Dai Y, Xiao L, Zhao P, Ben X. Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain affect the offspring neurobehavioral development at one year of age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6140-6149. [PMID: 33832396 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1907336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data show that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with offspring neurobehavior in childhood. However, little is known about the effect on infants that less than 20 months of age, and whether this association has sex differences. METHODS In this birth cohort study, a total of 661 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in Shanghai, China, between February 2017 and April 2019. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was categorized according to the Chinese classification and GWG according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM). Neurobehavioral development for infants of 12 months of age was assessed by Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS), which contained five subscales of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, and social behavior. RESULTS Abnormal maternal prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG were associated with infant birth weight and/or birth length (p < .05), while no influence was found on yearling weight or length. Women who were overweight/obese prior to pregnancy or excessive GWG during pregnancy had infants who were more deficient in neurobehavioral developmental including language (p < .01) and/or social behavior (p < .05). Specifically, excessive GWG was associated with lower language ability in girls but not boys (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Aberrant prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG not only affect the body size of newborn infants, but also impair their neurobehavioral development, suggesting that general guidance to the women should be advised to attain optimal prepregnancy BMI and GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfen Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjia Dai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ben
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Katz J, Reichenberg A, Kolevzon A. Prenatal and perinatal metabolic risk factors for autism: a review and integration of findings from population-based studies. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:94-104. [PMID: 33278157 PMCID: PMC9341035 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the ongoing rise in prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the challenges in developing and administering interventions to significantly alleviate ASD symptoms, there is an urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors for ASD. The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate the current evidence for an association between conditions related to maternal metabolic syndrome and risk for ASD in offspring focusing on methodically rigorous studies. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, multiple studies explored the association between various conditions related to maternal metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, or diabetes prior to, or with onset during pregnancy) and ASD risk in the offspring. SUMMARY Examining large, sufficiently powered, population-based epidemiological studies that explored the association between maternal metabolic syndrome and ASD, we found consistent evidence for an association between maternal preeclampsia and risk for ASD. Other conditions that are part of maternal metabolic syndrome, including maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, diabetes and gestational diabetes, should be studied further with careful attention paid to potential synergistic effects between different metabolic conditions. These findings highlight the need for rigorous, large, population-based epidemiological studies of potentially modifiable ASD risk factors that could inform public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
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Iwabuchi T, Takahashi N, Nishimura T, Rahman MS, Harada T, Okumura A, Kuwabara H, Takagai S, Nomura Y, Matsuzaki H, Ozaki N, Tsuchiya KJ. Associations Among Maternal Metabolic Conditions, Cord Serum Leptin Levels, and Autistic Symptoms in Children. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:816196. [PMID: 35185642 PMCID: PMC8851349 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.816196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence has shown that maternal metabolic conditions, such as pre-pregnancy overweight, diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are potential risk factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unclear how these maternal conditions lead to neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring, including autistic symptoms. Leptin, an adipokine that has pro-inflammatory effects and affects fetal neurodevelopment, is a candidate mediator of the association between maternal metabolic factors and an increased risk of ASD. However, whether prenatal exposure to leptin mediates the association between maternal metabolic conditions and autistic symptoms in children has not been investigated yet. METHODS This study investigated the associations between mothers' metabolic conditions (pre-pregnancy overweight, diabetes mellitus during or before pregnancy, and HDP), leptin concentrations in umbilical cord serum, and autistic symptoms among 762 children from an ongoing cohort study, using generalized structural equation modeling. We used the Social Responsive Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) at 8-9 years old to calculate total T-scores. Additionally, we used the T-scores for two subdomains: Social Communication and Interaction (SCI) and Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior (RRB). RESULTS Umbilical cord leptin levels were associated with pre-pregnancy overweight [coefficient = 1.297, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.081-1.556, p = 0.005] and diabetes mellitus (coefficient = 1.574, 95% CI 1.206-2.055, p = 0.001). Furthermore, leptin levels were significantly associated with SRS-2 total T-scores (coefficient = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000-1.004, p = 0.023), SCI scores (coefficient = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000-1.004, p = 0.020), and RRB scores (coefficient = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.003, p = 0.044) in children. Associations between maternal metabolic factors and autistic symptoms were not significant. DISCUSSION The present study uncovered an association between cord leptin levels and autistic symptoms in children, while maternal metabolic conditions did not have an evident direct influence on the outcome. These results imply that prenatal pro-inflammatory environments affected by maternal metabolic conditions may contribute to the development of autistic symptoms in children. The findings warrant further investigation into the role of leptin in the development of autistic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuwabara
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Bangma JT, Hartwell H, Santos HP, O'Shea TM, Fry RC. Placental programming, perinatal inflammation, and neurodevelopment impairment among those born extremely preterm. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:326-335. [PMID: 33184498 PMCID: PMC7658618 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Individuals born extremely preterm are at significant risk for impaired neurodevelopment. After discharge from the neonatal intensive care, associations between the child's well-being and factors in the home and social environment become increasingly apparent. Mothers' prenatal health and socioeconomic status are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, and emotional and behavioral problems. Research on early life risk factors and on mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in neurodevelopment later in life can inform the design of personalized approaches to prevention. Here, we review early life predictors of inter-individual differences in later life neurodevelopment among those born extremely preterm. Among biological mechanisms that mediate relationships between early life predictors and later neurodevelopmental outcomes, we highlight evidence for disrupted placental processes and regulated at least in part via epigenetic mechanisms, as well as perinatal inflammation. In relation to these mechanisms, we focus on four prenatal antecedents of impaired neurodevelopment, namely, (1) fetal growth restriction, (2) maternal obesity, (3) placental microorganisms, and (4) socioeconomic adversity. In the future, this knowledge may inform efforts to detect and prevent adverse outcomes in infants born extremely preterm. IMPACT: This review highlights early life risk factors and mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in neurodevelopment later in life. The review emphasizes research on early life risk factors (fetal growth restriction, maternal obesity, placental microorganisms, and socioeconomic adversity) and on mechanisms (disrupted placental processes and perinatal inflammation) underlying inter-individual differences in neurodevelopment later in life. The findings highlighted here may inform efforts to detect and prevent adverse outcomes in infants born extremely preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hadley Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Using Precision Medicine with a Neurodevelopmental Perspective to Study Inflammation and Depression. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2020; 22:87. [PMID: 33289044 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To consider various precision medicine approaches to further elucidate the relationship between inflammation and depression and to illustrate how a neurodevelopmental perspective can help in this regard. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation associates most strongly with phenotypes of depression that reflect illness behavior and/or metabolic dysfunction and obesity. A separate body of research has shown that maternal inflammation during pregnancy can alter brain circuitry important for mood regulation and/or reward in the developing fetus. Our research group is finding that maternal CRP levels differentially predict positive and negative affect in children assessed at age 4 years, depending on the timing of plasma sampling during pregnancy and the sex of the child. Recent authors have stressed the need to use a variety of precision medicine approaches to refine our understanding of inflammation-depression links. Adding a neurodevelopmental perspective may help to address some of the methodological challenges in this active area of study.
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Morgan JE, Lee SS, Mahrer NE, Guardino CM, Davis EP, Shalowitz MU, Ramey SL, Schetter CD. Prenatal maternal C-reactive protein prospectively predicts child executive functioning at ages 4-6 years. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:1111-1123. [PMID: 32441781 PMCID: PMC7680271 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This prospective longitudinal study evaluated multiple maternal biomarkers from the preconception and prenatal periods as time-sensitive predictors of child executive functioning (EF) in 100 mother-child dyads. Maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C ), C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood pressure (BP) were assayed before pregnancy and during the second and third trimesters. Subsequently, children were followed from birth and assessed for EF (i.e. cognitive flexibility, response inhibition) at ages 4-6 years. Perinatal data were also extracted from neonatal records. Higher maternal CRP, but not maternal HbA1C or BP, uniquely predicted poorer child cognitive flexibility, even with control of maternal HbA1C and BP, relevant demographic factors, and multiple prenatal/perinatal covariates (i.e. preconception maternal body mass index, maternal depression, maternal age at birth, child birth weight, child birth order, child gestational age, and child birth/neonatal complications). Predictions from maternal CRP were specific to the third trimester, and third trimester maternal CRP robustly predicted child cognitive flexibility independently of preconception and second trimester CRP. Child response inhibition was unrelated to maternal biomarkers from all time points. These findings provide novel, prospective evidence that maternal inflammation uniquely predicts child cognitive flexibility deficits, and that these associations depend on the timing of exposure before or during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steve S. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Madeleine U. Shalowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute,Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago
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Gestational weight gain and offspring's cognitive skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:533. [PMID: 33243183 PMCID: PMC7690030 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational weight gain has been associated with some adverse perinatal outcomes, but few studies have examined the association between gestational weight gain and offspring's cognition and their conclusions are inconsistent. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding the association between gestational weight gain and offspring's cognitive skills. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO number, CRD42017073266), we systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for studies examining association between gestational weight gain and offspring's cognitive skills, without restriction in study design or language. Two reviewers extracted in an independent way the data. The Quality of Reporting of Observational Longitudinal Research scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Effect size (ES) for adjusted models and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for (i) intelligence quotient, (ii) language related skills and (iii) mathematic related skills comparing offspring's cognitive skills when gestational weight gain was within recommendations (as reference) with those from mothers whose gestational weight gain was above or below the recommendations. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. There was a positive trend that associated gestational weight gain above recommendations with better offspring's intelligence quotient, although not statistically significant (ES 0.02, 95% CI -0.00, 0.05; I2 = 0.00%). CONCLUSIONS There is a not significant positive association between gestational weight gain above recommendations and intelligence quotient and some studies reported associations between gestational weight gain and offspring's cognitive skills. Our analyses confirm a wide variability in the results of studies published so far and highlights the need for conducting studies including specific samples of pregnant women by pre-pregnancy body mass index and trimester of pregnancy.
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Lackovic M, Filimonovic D, Mihajlovic S, Milicic B, Filipovic I, Rovcanin M, Dimitrijevic D, Nikolic D. The Influence of Increased Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Pregnancy Course and Fetal and Maternal Perinatal Outcomes. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040362. [PMID: 32987862 PMCID: PMC7711986 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to assess the influence of prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) changes as well as excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) on maternal and fetal perinatal parameters. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the influence of increased prepregnancy BMI values and excessive GWG on neonatal early motoric development. Methods: The 203 eligible female participants were evaluated. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) defined according to Institute of Medicine 2009 guidelines in the USA were assessed with tested maternal and fetal perinatal parameters and infants early motoric development (Alberta Infant Motor Scale—AIMS). Results: Significant predictors of increased prepregnancy BMI in perinatal period include: weight at delivery (p = 0.001), GWG (p = 0.002) and BMI at delivery (p < 0.001), while significant predictors of excessive GWG in perinatal period are: prepregnancy BMI (p = 0.029) and BMI at delivery (p < 0.001). In the group of participants with both increased prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG versus others, significant predictors were: hypertension (HTA) (p = 0.019), amniotic fluid index (AFI) (p = 0.047), Pronation (AIMS) (p = 0.028) and Supination (AIMS) (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Increased prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG are significantly associated with numerous perinatal factors that could alter the pregnancy course, pregnancy outcome and early motoric development of newborn. Moreover, increased prepregnancy BMI is shown to be a significant predictor of excessive GWG; thus, early selection of pregnant women for close monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy will have positive effects on reducing the risk of less favorable pregnancy course and early motoric development of newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Lackovic
- Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragiša Mišović”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.L.); (S.M.); (I.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.F.); (M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Dejan Filimonovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.F.); (M.R.); (D.D.)
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Clinic “Narodni front”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Mihajlovic
- Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragiša Mišović”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.L.); (S.M.); (I.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.F.); (M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Biljana Milicic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Filipovic
- Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragiša Mišović”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.L.); (S.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Marija Rovcanin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.F.); (M.R.); (D.D.)
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Clinic “Narodni front”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Dimitrijevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.F.); (M.R.); (D.D.)
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Clinic “Narodni front”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.F.); (M.R.); (D.D.)
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Children’s Hospital, Tirsova 10, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Ferrari N, Schmitz L, Schmidt N, Mahabir E, Van de Vondel P, Merz WM, Lehmacher W, Stock S, Brockmeier K, Ensenauer R, Fehm T, Joisten C. A lifestyle intervention during pregnancy to reduce obesity in early childhood: the study protocol of ADEBAR - a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:55. [PMID: 32944252 PMCID: PMC7487987 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity in childhood is increasing worldwide and may be affected by genetic factors and the lifestyle (exercise, nutrition behavior) of expectant parents. Lifestyle factors affect adipokines, namely leptin, resistin, and adiponectin as well as cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are involved in the regulation of maternal metabolic homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. However, studies focusing on the effect of exercise or a combination of parental exercise and nutrition on the above-mentioned markers in newborns (venous cord blood) and especially on the long-term development of infants' weight gain are lacking. The study will investigate the effects of a multimodal intervention (regular exercise, diet) on parental and childhood adipocytokines (leptin, resistin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, BDNF). The effect of a lifestyle-related change in "fetal environmental conditions" on the long-term weight development of the child up to the age of two will also be assessed. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized multi-center controlled trial will be conducted in Germany, comparing supervised aerobic and resistance training 2x/week (13th to 36th weeks of gestation) and nutritional counseling (6th to 36th weeks of gestation) during pregnancy with usual care. Thirty women (pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2, 6th-10th week of gestation) will be included in each group. Maternal anthropometric and physical measurements as well as blood sampling will occur at the 6th-10th, 13th-14th, 21st-24th, and 36th week of gestation, at delivery as well as 8 weeks and 24 months postpartum. Neonatal measurements and umbilical blood sampling will be performed at birth. Maternal and infants' weight development will be assessed every 6 months till 24 months postpartum. A difference in childhood BMI of 1 kg/m2 at the age of two years between both groups will be assumed. A power size of 80% using a significance level of 0.05 and an effect size of 1.0 is presumed. DISCUSSION A better understanding of how lifestyle-related changes in the fetal environment might influence infants' outcome after two years of life could have a profound impact on the prevention and development of infants' obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00007702); Registered on 10th of August 2016; retrospectively registered https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00007702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Centre for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/ Heart Centre Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for physical activity in public health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Schmitz
- Department for physical activity in public health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikola Schmidt
- Department for physical activity in public health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Waltraut M. Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Lehmacher
- Department of Biometry (IMSIE), Faculty of medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stock
- Cologne Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, The University Hospital of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 176 - 178/II, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Cologne Centre for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/ Heart Centre Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Cologne Centre for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/ Heart Centre Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for physical activity in public health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infants of women with diabetes are at risk for specific morbidities including congenital anomalies, abnormalities of fetal growth, neonatal hypoglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. Recent studies have shed light on long-term outcomes of these infants and presented advances in treatment. The purpose of this review is to outline the most common neonatal morbidities affecting infants of women with diabetes, the pathophysiology and prevalence of these conditions, and contemporary approaches to treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent investigative findings have led to advances in treatment approaches for these infants, particularly regarding risks of neonatal hypoglycemia. Optimizing maternal glycemic control during pregnancy is imperative to improving infant outcomes. However, on a population level, maternal diabetes still poses significant risks to the infant. Timely and appropriate treatment of infants of women with diabetes is imperative to decrease short- and long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Peters
- Tufts University, 419 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Chloe Andrews
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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