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Dahu BM, Khan S, Toubal IE, Alshehri M, Martinez-Villar CI, Ogundele OB, Sheets LR, Scott GJ. Geospatial Modeling of Deep Neural Visual Features for Predicting Obesity Prevalence in Missouri: Quantitative Study. JMIR AI 2024; 3:e64362. [PMID: 39688897 DOI: 10.2196/64362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global obesity epidemic demands innovative approaches to understand its complex environmental and social determinants. Spatial technologies, such as geographic information systems, remote sensing, and spatial machine learning, offer new insights into this health issue. This study uses deep learning and spatial modeling to predict obesity rates for census tracts in Missouri. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a scalable method for predicting obesity prevalence using deep convolutional neural networks applied to satellite imagery and geospatial analysis, focusing on 1052 census tracts in Missouri. METHODS Our analysis followed 3 steps. First, Sentinel-2 satellite images were processed using the Residual Network-50 model to extract environmental features from 63,592 image chips (224×224 pixels). Second, these features were merged with obesity rate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Missouri census tracts. Third, a spatial lag model was used to predict obesity rates and analyze the association between deep neural visual features and obesity prevalence. Spatial autocorrelation was used to identify clusters of obesity rates. RESULTS Substantial spatial clustering of obesity rates was found across Missouri, with a Moran I value of 0.68, indicating similar obesity rates among neighboring census tracts. The spatial lag model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with an R2 of 0.93 and a spatial pseudo R2 of 0.92, explaining 93% of the variation in obesity rates. Local indicators from a spatial association analysis revealed regions with distinct high and low clusters of obesity, which were visualized through choropleth maps. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the effectiveness of integrating deep convolutional neural networks and spatial modeling to predict obesity prevalence based on environmental features from satellite imagery. The model's high accuracy and ability to capture spatial patterns offer valuable insights for public health interventions. Future work should expand the geographical scope and include socioeconomic data to further refine the model for broader applications in obesity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butros M Dahu
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Solaiman Khan
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Imad Eddine Toubal
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mariam Alshehri
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Olabode B Ogundele
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lincoln R Sheets
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Grant J Scott
- University of Missouri, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Columbia, MO, United States
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Wan H, Zhu W, Yan J, Han X, Yu J, Liao Q, Zhang T. Application of compound poisson model to estimate underreported risk of non-communicable diseases in underdeveloped areas. One Health 2024; 19:100889. [PMID: 39314245 PMCID: PMC11417528 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and diabetes are major components of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with a substantial number of patients residing in underdeveloped areas. Limited medical resources in these areas often results in underreporting of disease prevalence, masking the true extent of diseases. Taking the underdeveloped Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in China as an example, this study aimed to correct the underreported prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes so as to provide inspiration for the allocation of medical resources in such areas. Methods Assuming the true number of patients in each area follows a Poisson distribution, we applied a Compound Poisson Model based on Clustering of Data Quality (CPM-CDQ) to estimate the potential true prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, as well as the registration rate of existing patients. Specifically, a hierarchical clustering approach was utilized to group the counties based on the data quality, and then the registration rate of the cluster with the best data quality was used as a priori information for the model. The model parameters were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model. Results The estimated prevalence of hypertension in the entire Liangshan Prefecture from 2018 to 2020 ranged from 24.59 % to 25.28 %, and for diabetes, it ranged from 4.95 % to 8.42 %. The registration rates for hypertension and diabetes were 14.10 % to 24.59 % and 15.98 % to 29.12 %, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of clustering the counties with the best data quality had a significant impact on the performance of the model. Conclusion Liangshan Prefecture is experiencing a significant high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, accompanied by a concerningly low registration rate. The CPM-CDQ proved useful for assessing underreporting risks and facilitating targeted interventions for NCDs control and prevention, particularly in underdeveloped areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingmin Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinyue Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Liangshan Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Gou H, Song H, Tian Z, Liu Y. Prediction models for children/adolescents with obesity/overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2024; 179:107823. [PMID: 38103795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide and becomes a global health concern. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of available prediction models in early identification of obesity and overweight in general children or adolescents and identify predictive factors for the models, thus provide a reference for subsequent development of risk prediction tools for obesity and overweight in children or adolescents. Related publications were obtained from several databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their inception to September 18th, 2022. The novel Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to assess the bias risk of the included studies. R4.2.0 and Stata15.1 softwares were used to conduct meta-analysis. This study involved 45 cross-sectional and/or prospective studies with 126 models. Meta-analyses showed that the overall pooled index of concordance (c-index) of prediction models for children/adolescents with obesity and overweight in the training set was 0.769 (95% CI 0.754-0.785) and 0.835(95% CI 0.792-0.879), respectively. Additionally, a large number of predictors were found to be related to children's lifestyles, such as sleep duration, sleep quality, and eating speed. In conclusions, prediction models can be employed to predict obesity/overweight in children and adolescents. Most predictors are controllable factors and are associated with lifestyle. Therefore, the prediction model serves as an excellent tool to formulate effective strategies for combating obesity/overweight in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huiling Song
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Tian
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Tong Z, Zhang H, Yu J, Jia X, Hou X, Kong Z. Spatial-temporal evolution of overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents from 2016 to 2020. iScience 2024; 27:108742. [PMID: 38230263 PMCID: PMC10790006 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the spatial-temporal evolution of overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents aged 14-17. Data from five national surveys conducted between 2016 and 2020 were analyzed to determine distribution patterns and trends. Results showed that overweight and obesity exhibit spatial clustering, with greater severity in the north and less severity in the south. The issue has spread from the northeast to the southwest of Mainland China. Using a local autocorrelation model, the regions were divided into a northern disease cold spot area (Inner Mongolia) and a southern disease hot spot area (Guangxi). Over the past five years, overweight rates among Chinese adolescents have not been effectively curbed, but obesity has shown some success in control and reversal until 2019. Future efforts should focus on the spatial-temporal pattern of disease spread, targeting hotspot areas and abnormal values for regional synergy and precise prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Du W, Liu L, Ma Y, Zhu Q, Jia R, Han Y, Wu Z, Yan X, Ailizire A, Zhang W. Analysis of the gut microbiome in obese native Tibetan children living at different altitudes: A case-control study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:963202. [PMID: 36504960 PMCID: PMC9731119 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.963202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between intestinal flora and obesity in Tibetan children at different altitudes. Methods Using16S rRNA gene sequencing results and blood lipid metabolism indexes to study the characteristics of the intestinal flora present in faeces and changes in blood lipid metabolism in obese children in Tibet who reside at different altitudes and to study correlations between blood lipid metabolism indicators and the intestinal flora composition. Results The results showed the following. (a) The triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the obesity groups were higher than those in the normal-weight groups, and those in the high-altitude obesity groups were lower than those in the low-altitude obesity groups. (b) The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that altitude affected the composition and relative abundance of the gut microbiota. These parameters were basically the same among the low-altitude groups, while they were significantly lower in the high-altitude groups than in the low-altitude groups. (c) Groups that lived at different altitudes and had different body weights had different dominant bacterial genera. Megamonas was closely related to obesity, and its relative abundance in the low-altitude groups was higher than that in the high-altitude groups. Prevotella was associated with altitude, and its relative abundance in the high-altitude groups was higher than that in the low-altitude groups. In addition, Prevotella elicited changes in the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella. The lower prevalence of obesity and incidence of intestinal inflammation in those living at high altitudes were related to the abundance of Prevotella. (d) There were correlations between the gut microbiota composition and lipid metabolism indicators. The abundance of Romboutsia was positively correlated with TG and LDL-C levels but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The abundance of Akkermansia was negatively correlated with LDL-C levels, and the abundance of Blautia was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and LDL-C levels. Conclusions The intestinal flora diversity varied by body weight and altitude, with lower diversity in those at higher altitudes and with lower body weights. Prevotella likely plays a role in suppressing obesity at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Du
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Department of Public Health, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linxun Liu
- General Surgery Department, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ruhan Jia
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ying Han
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Department of Public Health, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Public Health, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Ainiwaer Ailizire
- Department of Public Health, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Department of Public Health, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, China,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, China,*Correspondence: Wei Zhang
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Westbury S, Ghosh I, Jones HM, Mensah D, Samuel F, Irache A, Azhar N, Al-Khudairy L, Iqbal R, Oyebode O. The influence of the urban food environment on diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006358. [PMID: 34635553 PMCID: PMC8506857 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diet and nutrition are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to identify and synthesise evidence on the association between food environment characteristics and diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), relevant to urban settings, to support development and implementation of appropriate interventions. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of 9 databases from 1 January 2000 to 16 September 2020 with no language restrictions. We included original peer-reviewed observational studies, intervention studies or natural experiments conducted in at least one urban LMIC setting and reporting a quantitative association between a characteristic of the food environment and a diet, nutrition or health outcome. Study selection was done independently in duplicate. Data extraction and quality appraisal using the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute checklists were completed based on published reports using a prepiloted form on Covidence. Data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS 74 studies met eligibility criteria. Consistent evidence reported an association between availability characteristics in the neighbourhood food environment and dietary behaviour (14 studies, 10 rated as good quality), while the balance of evidence suggested an association with health or nutrition outcomes (17 of 24 relevant studies). We also found a balance of evidence that accessibility to food in the neighbourhood environment was associated with diet (10 of 11 studies) although evidence of an association with health outcomes was contradictory. Evidence on other neighbourhood food environment characteristics was sparse and mixed. Availability in the school food environment was also found to be associated with relevant outcomes. Studies investigating our other primary outcomes in observational studies of the school food environment were sparse, but most interventional studies were situated in schools. We found very little evidence on how workplace and home food environments are associated with relevant outcomes. This is a substantial evidence gap. CONCLUSION 'Zoning' or 'healthy food cart' interventions to alter food availability may be appropriate in urban LMIC. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020207475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Westbury
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iman Ghosh
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Daniel Mensah
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Folake Samuel
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ana Irache
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nida Azhar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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