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Olomu IN, Hoang V, Madhukar BV. Low levels of nicotine and cotinine but not benzo[a]pyrene induce human trophoblast cell proliferation. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108572. [PMID: 38453095 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
E-cigarettes use constitutes a source of thirdhand nicotine exposure. The increasing use of electronic cigarettes in homes and public places increases the risk of exposure of pregnant women to thirdhand nicotine. The effects of exposure of pregnant women to very low levels of nicotine have not been studied in humans but detrimental in experimental animals. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nanomolar concentrations of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine on the proliferation of JEG-3, a human trophoblast cell line. We also studied the proliferative effect of nanomolar concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic hydrocarbon in tobacco smoke, for comparison. We treated JEG-3 cells in culture with nanomolar concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and B[a]P. Their effect on cell proliferation was determined, relative to untreated cells, by MTT assay. Western blotting was used to assess the mitogenic signaling pathways affected by nicotine and cotinine. In contrast to the inhibitory effects reported with higher concentrations, we showed that nanomolar concentrations of nicotine and cotinine resulted in significant JEG-3 cell proliferation and a rapid but transient increase in levels of phosphorylated ERK and AKT, but not STAT3. Biphasic, non-monotonic effect on cell growth is characteristic of endocrine disruptive chemicals like nicotine. The mitogenic effects of nicotine and cotinine potentially contribute to increased villous epithelial thickness, seen in placentas of some smoking mothers. This increases the diffusion distance for oxygen and nutrients between mother and fetus, contributing to intrauterine growth restriction in infants of smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nicholas Olomu
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Division of Neonatology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Vanessa Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Burra V Madhukar
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Duttagupta S, Nynas K, Richardot W, Salam SB, Pennington M, Wong J, Van De Werfhorst LC, Dodder NG, Novotny T, Sant K, Holden PA, Hoh E. Influence of tobacco product wastes in a protected coastal reserve adjacent to urbanization. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115929. [PMID: 38141586 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study, conducted at the Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh Reserve in San Diego, California, aimed to assess tobacco-related pollutants in urban waters, a topic with limited prior research. Across 26 events occurring between November 2019 and February 2022, encompassing both wet and dry seasons at two outfall sites (Noyes St. and Olney St.), water and sediment samples were subjected to analysis for nicotine and cotinine levels, with Noyes St. displaying wide variation in nicotine concentrations, reaching a peak of 50.75 ng/L in water samples, whereas Olney St. recorded a peak of 1.46 ng/L. Wet seasons consistently had higher nicotine levels in water, suggesting the possibility of tobacco litter entering the reserve through stormwater runoff. Cotinine was detected in both sites in both water and sediment samples; however, these levels were considerably lower in comparison to nicotine concentrations. Limited research assesses aquatic environmental pollution from tobacco use and disposal, especially in protected areas like urban natural reserves. This study was conducted at the Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh Reserve in San Diego, California, to evaluate tobacco-related pollutants in San Diego's urban waters. Twenty-six sampling events between November 2019 and February 2022, spanning wet and dry seasons at two outfall sites, were conducted. Nicotine and cotinine, a major ingredient of tobacco and its metabolite, were analyzed in the collected water and sediment samples. Nicotine concentrations differed substantially between the outfall locations (Noyes St. and Olney St.), with Noyes St. displaying wide variations, averaging at 9.31 (±13.24) ng/L with a maximum concentration of 50.75 ng/L, and Olney St. at 0.53 (±0.41) ng/L with a maximum concentration of 1.46 ng/L in water samples. In both locations, the nicotine concentrations in water samples were higher during wet seasons than dry seasons, and this pattern was more significant at Noyes St. outfall than at Olney St. outfall, which received not only stormwater runoff but also was connected to Mission Bay. Although this pattern did not directly align with sediment nicotine levels at both sites, maximum nicotine concentration in Noyes St. sediments during wet seasons was approximately 120 times higher than in Olney St. sediments. Regarding cotinine, Noyes St. outfall water averaged 3.17 ng/L (±1.88), and Olney St. water averaged 1.09 ng/L (±1.06). Similar to nicotine, the cotinine concentrations were higher in Noyes St. water and sediment compared to Olney St., but overall, the cotinine concentrations in both water and sediment were much lower than the corresponding nicotine concentrations. The study identifies urban stormwater runoff as a potential source of nicotine and cotinine pollution in a protected reserve, implicating tobacco product litter and human tobacco use as contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanti Duttagupta
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Katelyn Nynas
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - William Richardot
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shahrin Binte Salam
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Melissa Pennington
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jade Wong
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Laurie C Van De Werfhorst
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Thomas Novotny
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Karilyn Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Patricia A Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Matt GE, Merianos AL, Stone L, Wullenweber C, Quintana PJE, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Lopez Galvez N, Mahabee-Gittens EM. Changes and stability of hand nicotine levels in children of smokers: Associations with urinary biomarkers, reported child tobacco smoke exposure, and home smoking bans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108239. [PMID: 37852151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to thirdhand smoke (THS) residue takes place through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal transfer. Hand nicotine levels have been proposed to measure THS pollution in the environment of children, but little is known about its variability and stability over time and correlates of change. OBJECTIVES The goal was to determine the stability of hand nicotine in comparison to urinary biomarkers and to explore factors that influence changes in hand nicotine. METHODS Data were collected from 0 to 11-year-old children (Mean age = 5.9) who lived with ≥1 tobacco smokers (N = 129). At a 6-week interval, we collected repeated measures of hand nicotine, four urinary biomarkers (cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nicotelline N-oxides, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol), and parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Dependent sample t-tests, correlations, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the changes in child TSE. RESULTS Hand nicotine levels (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) showed similar correlations between repeated measures to urinary biomarkers (r = 0.58-0.71; p < 0.001). Different from urinary biomarkers, mean hand nicotine levels increased over time (t(113) = 3.37, p < 0.001) being significantly higher in children from homes without smoking bans at Time 2 (p = 0.016) compared to Time 1 (p = 0.003). Changes in hand nicotine correlated with changes in cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (r = 0.30 and r = 0.19, respectively, p < 0.05). Children with home smoking bans at Time 1 and 2 showed significantly lower hand nicotine levels compared to children without home smoking bans. DISCUSSION Findings indicate that hand nicotine levels provide additional insights into children's exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants than reported child TSE and urinary biomarkers. Changes in hand nicotine levels show that consistent home smoking bans in homes of children of smokers can lower THS exposure. Hand nicotine levels may be influenced by the environmental settings in which they are collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lara Stone
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Chase Wullenweber
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bramer LM, Dixon HM, Degnan DJ, Rohlman D, Herbstman JB, Anderson KA, Waters KM. Expanding the access of wearable silicone wristbands in community-engaged research through best practices in data analysis and integration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560217. [PMID: 37873084 PMCID: PMC10592864 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Wearable silicone wristbands are a rapidly growing exposure assessment technology that offer researchers the ability to study previously inaccessible cohorts and have the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical exposure within diverse communities. However, there are no established best practices for analyzing the data within a study or across multiple studies, thereby limiting impact and access of these data for larger meta-analyses. We utilize data from three studies, from over 600 wristbands worn by participants in New York City and Eugene, Oregon, to present a first-of-its-kind manuscript detailing wristband data properties. We further discuss and provide concrete examples of key areas and considerations in common statistical modeling methods where best practices must be established to enable meta-analyses and integration of data from multiple studies. Finally, we detail important and challenging aspects of machine learning, meta-analysis, and data integration that researchers will face in order to extend beyond the limited scope of individual studies focused on specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Holly M Dixon
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - David J Degnan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Diana Rohlman
- College of Health, Oregon State University, 103 SW Memorial Place, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York City, NY 10032, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd Richland, WA 99354, United States
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
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Alves AA, Laurinho K, Franco FC, de Araujo Nascimento F, Nunes HF, de Melo E Silva D. The Incidence of the XRCC1 rs25487 and PON1 rs662 Polymorphisms in a Population from Central Brazil: Patterns in an Area with a High Level of Agricultural Activity. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1675-1703. [PMID: 36725786 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, high levels of agricultural activity are reflected in the consumption of enormous amounts of pesticides. The production of grain in Brazil has been estimated at 289.8 million tons in the 2022 harvest, an expansion of 14.7% compared with 2021. These advances are likely associated with a progressive increase in the occupational exposure of a population to pesticides. The Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) is involved in liver detoxification; the rs662 variant of this gene modifies the activity of the enzyme. The repair of pesticide-induced genetic damage depends on the protein produced by the X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 gene (XRCC). Its function is impaired due to an rs25487 variant. The present study describes the frequencies of the rs662 and rs25487 and their haplotypes in a sample population from Goiás, Brazil. It compares the frequencies with other populations worldwide to verify the variation in the distribution of these SNPs, with 494 unrelated individuals in the state of Goiás. The A allele of the rs25487 variant had a frequency of 26% in the Goiás population, and the modified rs662 G allele had a frequency of 42.8%. Four haplotypes were recorded for the rs25487 (G > A) and rs662 (A > G) markers, with a frequency of 11.9% being recorded for the A-G haplotype (both modified alleles), 30.8% for the G-G haplotype, 14.3% for the A-A haplotype, and 42.8% for the G-A haplotype (both wild-type alleles). We demonstrated the distribution of important SNPs associated with pesticide exposure in an area with a high agricultural activity level, Central Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arruda Alves
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Késsia Laurinho
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Animal Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Araujo Nascimento
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biodiversity, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil.
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Campus Samambaia, Genetics Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, Goiania, GO, CEP: 74690900, Brazil.
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Pulvers K, Tracy L, Novotny TE, Satybaldiyeva N, Hunn A, Romero DR, Dodder NG, Magraner J, Oren E. Switching people who smoke to unfiltered cigarettes: perceptions, addiction and behavioural effects in a cross-over randomised controlled trial. Tob Control 2023; 32:520-523. [PMID: 34799433 PMCID: PMC10977032 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural research is needed to inform a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes that could reduce plastic waste due to discarded filters. This study reports on differences in perceptions, nicotine dependence and behaviour among participants in a cross-over randomised trial of filtered compared with unfiltered cigarettes. METHOD This proof-of-concept study involved 43 people who smoke filtered cigarettes (41.9% women, mean age 36.7 years). Participants were provided 2 weeks' supply of filtered cigarettes, 2 weeks of the same brand of unfiltered cigarettes and randomly assigned to starting conditions. Measures included the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire; single-item cigarette perception questions; Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence; 7-day cigarette consumption, urinary cotinine and intention to quit. Analyses included linear and ordinal repeated measures mixed-effects models and paired t-tests. RESULTS Filtered cigarettes were perceived as better tasting, more satisfying, more enjoyable, less aversive, less harsh, less potent and less negatively reinforcing than unfiltered cigarettes. Filtered cigarettes were smoked at a higher rate during the trial than unfiltered cigarettes (p<0.05). There was no difference in cotinine, dependence or intention to quit between filtered versus unfiltered cigarette conditions (p>0.05). CONCLUSION People who smoke perceived unfiltered cigarettes as having greater nicotine effects and less desirable sensory effects than filtered cigarettes, and they smoked fewer of these during the trial. Although cotinine, dependence and intention to quit were similar for smoking unfiltered and filtered cigarettes in this small trial, results suggest that banning the sale of filtered cigarettes might make smoking less attractive overall to people who smoke. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03749876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pulvers
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - LaRee Tracy
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Novotny
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Hunn
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Devan R Romero
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jose Magraner
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eyal Oren
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Deng Y, Wang F, Liu L, Chen D, Guo Y, Li Z. High density polyethylene (HDPE) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) wristbands as personal passive samplers monitoring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure to postgraduate students. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130652. [PMID: 36603420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) present adverse effects for human health, which result in strong needs for reliable tools monitoring personal exposure to PFASs. This study manufactured two wristbands of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and used the wristbands to monitor PFASs personal exposure. The analytical method was developed to measure 32 PFASs in the paired HDPE and TPU wristbands worn by 60 postgraduates. Twenty-nine of 32 PFASs were detected and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) was predominant individual PFASs with median concentrations of 337 and 554 pg/g for HDPE and TPU wristbands respectively. The gender and grade of students had moderate effects on PFASs distribution in the wristbands. Higher PFASs levels were determined in the two wristbands worn by the male students compared to the females, and the greatest PFASs concentration was observed in the wristbands worn by the first-year postgraduates, follow by second- and third-year postgraduates. Additionally, significant correlations between paired HDPE and TPU wristbands were observed for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and HFPO-DA. These results suggest that HDPE and TPU wristbands can be used as effective tools for monitoring personal PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liangying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Okeme JO, Koelmel JP, Johnson E, Lin EZ, Gao D, Pollitt KJG. Wearable Passive Samplers for Assessing Environmental Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Current Approaches and Future Directions. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023:10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w. [PMID: 36821032 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We are continuously exposed to dynamic mixtures of airborne contaminants that vary by location. Understanding the compositional diversity of these complex mixtures and the levels to which we are each exposed requires comprehensive exposure assessment. This comprehensive analysis is often lacking in population-based studies due to logistic and analytical challenges associated with traditional measurement approaches involving active air sampling and chemical-by-chemical analysis. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of wearable passive samplers as alternative tools to active samplers in environmental health research. The review highlights the advances and challenges in using wearable passive samplers for assessing personal exposure to organic chemicals and further presents a framework to enable quantitative measurements of exposure and expanded use of this monitoring approach to the population scale. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, wearable passive samplers are promising tools for assessing personal exposure to environmental contaminants, evident by the increased adoption and use of silicone-based devices in recent years. When combined with high throughput chemical analysis, these exposure assessment tools present opportunities for advancing our ability to assess personal exposures to complex mixtures. Most designs of wearable passive samplers used for assessing exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals are currently uncalibrated, thus, are mostly used for qualitative research. The challenge with using wearable samplers for quantitative exposure assessment mostly lies with the inherent complexity in calibrating these wearable devices. Questions remain regarding how they perform under various conditions and the uncertainty of exposure estimates. As popularity of these samplers grows, it is critical to understand the uptake kinetics of chemicals and the different environmental and meteorological conditions that can introduce variability. Wearable passive samplers enable evaluation of exposure to hundreds of chemicals. The review presents the state-of-the-art of technology for assessing personal exposure to environmental chemicals. As more studies calibrate wearable samplers, these tools present promise for quantitatively assessing exposure at both the individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Okeme
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dong Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 523, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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9
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Mofidfar M, Song X, Kelly JT, Rubenstein MH, Zare RN. Silicone Wristband Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Combined Exposome and Metabolome Profiling. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - John T. Kelly
- Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA
| | | | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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10
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DeLay K, Lin EZ, Koelmel JP, Bornman R, Obida M, Chevrier J, Godri Pollitt KJ. Personal air pollutant exposure monitoring in South African children in the VHEMBE birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107524. [PMID: 36260950 PMCID: PMC9982749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease associated with environmental exposures disproportionately impacts residents of low- and middle-income countries. Children living in rural regions of these countries may experience higher exposure to insecticides from indoor residual spraying used for malaria control and household air pollution. This study evaluated environmental exposures of children living in a rural region of South Africa. Quantifying exposure levels and identifying characteristics that are associated with exposure in this geographic region has been challenging due to limitations with available monitoring techniques. Wearable passive samplers have recently been shown to be a convenient and reliable tool for assessing personal exposures. In this study, a passive sampler wristband, known as Fresh Air wristband, was worn by 49 children (five-years of age) residing in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study leveraged ongoing research within the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies, and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort. A wide range of chemicals (35 in total) were detected using the wristbands, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, phthalates, and organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardants. Higher concentrations of PAHs were observed among children from households that fell below the food poverty threshold, did not have access to electric cookstoves/burners, or reported longer times of cooking or burning materials during the sampling period. Concentrations of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT were also found to be elevated for children from households falling below the food poverty threshold as well as for children whose households were sprayed for malaria control within the previous 1.5 years. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using passive sampler wristbands as a non-invasive method for personal exposure assessment of children in rural regions of South Africa to complex mixtures environmental contaminants derived from a combination of sources. Future studies are needed to further identify and understand the effects of airborne environmental contaminants on childhood development and strategies to mitigate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayley DeLay
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Samon SM, Hammel SC, Stapleton HM, Anderson KA. Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107339. [PMID: 36116363 PMCID: PMC9713950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of chemicals in a variety of populations. Silicone wristbands can be powerful tools for quantifying personal exposure to chemical mixtures in a single sample, associating exposure with health outcomes, and potentially overcoming some of the challenges associated with quantifying the chemical exposome. However, as their popularity grows, it is crucial that they are used in the appropriate context and within the limits of the technology. This review serves as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing silicone wristbands as a personal exposure assessment tool. Along with briefly discussing the passive sampling theory behind silicone wristbands, this review performs an in-depth comparison of wristbands to other common exposure assessment tools, including biomarkers of exposure measured in biospecimens, and evaluates their utility in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies. Finally, this review includes recommendations for utilizing silicone wristbands to evaluate personal chemical exposure and provides suggestions on what research is needed to recognize silicone wristbands as a premier chemical exposure assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Samon
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
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12
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Romano ME, Gallagher L, Doherty BT, Yeum D, Lee S, Takazawa M, Anderson KA, Kannan K, Karagas MR. Inter-method reliability of silicone exposome wristbands and urinary biomarker assays in a pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113981. [PMID: 35952739 PMCID: PMC9841893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicone wristbands act as passive environmental samplers capable of detecting and measuring concentrations of a variety of chemicals. They offer a noninvasive method to collect complex exposure data in large-scale epidemiological studies. We evaluated the inter-method reliability of silicone wristbands and urinary biomarkers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. A subset of study participants (n = 96) provided a urine sample and wore a silicone wristband for 7 days at approximately 12 gestational weeks. Women were instructed to wear the wristbands during all their normal activities. Concentrations of urinary compounds and metabolites in the urine and parent compounds in wristbands were compared. High detection rates were observed for triphenyl phosphate (76.0%) and benzophenone (78.1%) in wristbands, although the distribution of corresponding urinary concentrations of chemicals did not differ according to whether chemicals were detected or not detected in wristbands. While detected among only 8.3% of wristbands, median urinary triclosan concentrations were higher among those with triclosan detected in wristbands (9.04 ng/mL) than without (0.16 ng/mL). For most chemicals slight to fair agreement was observed across exposure assessment methods, potentially due to low rates of detection in the wristbands for chemicals where observed urinary concentrations were relatively low as compared to background concentrations in the general population. Our findings support the growing body of research in support of deploying silicone wristbands as an important exposure assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Lisa Gallagher
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brett T Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Dabin Yeum
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mari Takazawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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Northrup TF, Stotts AL, Suchting R, Khan AM, Klawans MR, Green C, Hoh E, Hovell MF, Matt GE, Quintana PJE. Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:1634-1642. [PMID: 34634832 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco residue, also known as third-hand smoke (THS), contains toxicants and lingers in dust and on surfaces and clothes. THS also remains on hands of individuals who smoke, with potential transfer to infants during visitation while infants are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), raising concerns (e.g., hindered respiratory development) for vulnerable infants. Previously unexplored, this study tested handwashing (HW) and sanitization efficacy for finger-nicotine removal in a sample of adults who smoked and were visiting infants in an NICU. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional sample was recruited to complete an interview, carbon monoxide breath samples, and three nicotine wipes of separate fingers (thumb, index, and middle). Eligible participants (n = 14) reported current smoking (verified with breath samples) and were randomly assigned to 30 seconds of HW (n = 7) or alcohol-based sanitization (n = 7), with the order of finger wipes both counterbalanced and randomly assigned. After randomization, the first finger was wiped for nicotine. Participants then washed or sanitized their hands and finger two was wiped 5 minutes later. An interview assessing tobacco/nicotine use and exposure was then administered, followed by a second breath sample and the final finger wipe (40-60 minutes after washing/sanitizing). RESULTS Generalized linear mixed models found that HW was more effective than sanitizer for nicotine removal but failed to completely remove nicotine. CONCLUSIONS Without proper protections (e.g., wearing gloves and gowns), NICU visitors who smoke may inadvertently expose infants to THS. Research on cleaning protocols are needed to protect vulnerable medical populations from THS and associated risks. KEY POINTS · NICU infants may be exposed to THS via visitors.. · THS is not eliminated by HW or sanitizing.. · THS removal protections for NICU infants are needed..
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Northrup
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela L Stotts
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Suchting
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Amir M Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle R Klawans
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Penelope J E Quintana
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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14
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ÖKSÜZ A, KUTLU R, REİSLİ İ, KILINC İ. İdrar kotinin ve kotinin/kreatinin oranının çevresel tütün dumanı maruziyetinin bir biyolojik belirteci olarak kullanımı. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1087781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) remains a worldwide public health problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' smoking habits at home and children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke by measuring urinary cotinine levels and urine cotinine/creatinine ratios in children.
Materials and Methods: This case-control typed analytical study was conducted with 357 children in the 0-18 age group. The case group consisted of 180 children exposed to environmental cigarette smoke. As the control group, it consisted of 177 healthy children and non-smoking in their family. The levels of cotinine and creatinine in spot urinary were analyzed in both groups.
Results: The urinary cotinine level of the children was found to be statistically higher in those whose parents were smokers, female gender, fathers with a low educational level, and those with 3 or fewer rooms in the house. The urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio of the children was found to be statistically higher in those whose parents were smokers (15.91 pg/mg (1.54-147.54) vs 7.90 pg/mg (1.29-68.52)), female gender (13.19 pg/mg (1.79-115.07) vs 10.45 pg/mg (1.29-147.54)). Urinary cotinine levels in the ETS exposed group were affected 1042 times more than in the ETS unexposed group [OR:1042,462, 95% CI (139.821.839-7772.246)].
Conclusion: In the present study, urinary cotinine levels were found to be higher in children exposed to tobacco smoke than in children not exposed to tobacco smoke. In the light of these results, urinary cotinine can be used as a biomarker to evaluate exposure to ETS in children. Educating parents is essential to raising their awareness of exposure to ETS and teaching the right behaviors to protect children's health, especially in the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruhuşen KUTLU
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Department of Family Medicine
| | - İsmail REİSLİ
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Department of Pediatric Alergy and Immunology
| | - İbrahim KILINC
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Department of Biochemistry
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15
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Frederiksen M, Andersen HV, Ovesen SL, Vorkamp K, Hammel SC, Knudsen LE. Silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated buildings. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107397. [PMID: 35933843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in a number of industrial products from 1950 to 80s, including building materials. As a result, some buildings exhibit high levels of PCBs in the indoor environment. The aim of this study was to test silicone wristbands as a method for estimating personal exposure to PCBs in buildings both in controlled experiments and field settings. In the controlled study, the sampling kinetics of silicone wristbands were investigated in a 31-day uptake study. The field study focused on the application of wristbands as a personal exposure measure. It included 71 persons in a contaminated housing estate and 23 persons in a reference group. The linear uptake of PCBs ranged from 2 to 24 days for PCB-8, 18, 28, 31, 40, 44, 49, 52, 66, 99, and 101 under controlled conditions. A generic sampling rate (Rk) of 2.3 m3 d-1 corresponding to a mass transfer coefficient of 17 m h-1 was found in the controlled kinetic study. Partitioning coefficients were also determined for the nine congeners. In the field study, an apparent generic field sampling rate (Rf) of 2.6 m3 d-1 was found; when adjusted to reported hours exposed, it increased to 3.5 m3 d-1. The wristbands were shown to be a good tool for predicting airborne exposure, as there was a highly significant difference between the exposed and reference group as well as a clear trend when used for ranking of exposure. In correlation analyses, highly significant correlations were observed between air and wristband levels, though adjusting by self-reported exposure time only increased the correlation marginally in the field study. The obtained kinetic data can be used for estimating the magnitude of external exposure. The advantages provided by the wristbands in the form of easy use and handling are significant, though the limitations should also be acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Frederiksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Helle Vibeke Andersen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2400 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Sofie Lillelund Ovesen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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16
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Dobbins DL, Chen H, Cepeda MJ, Berenson L, Talton JW, Anderson KA, Burdette JH, Quandt SA, Arcury TA, Laurienti PJ. Comparing impact of pesticide exposure on cognitive abilities of Latinx children from rural farmworker and urban non-farmworker families in North Carolina. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 92:107106. [PMID: 35654325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure remains a health hazard despite extensive study into adverse effects. Children in vulnerable populations, such as Latinx children in farmworker families, are particularly at risk for exposure. Several studies have demonstrated the detrimental cognitive effects of prenatal exposure to pesticides, particularly organophosphates (OPs) within this high-risk group. However, results from studies investigating the cognitive effects of early childhood pesticide exposure are equivocal. Most studies examining the effects of pesticide exposure have used correlative analyses rather than examining populations with expected high and low exposure. The current study compares 8-year-old children from rural families of farmworkers and urban, non-farmworker families. We used the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition (WISC-V) to assess cognitive performance in these children. We designed this study with the expectation that children from farmworker families would have greater exposure to agricultural pesticides than urban, non-farmworker children. This assumption of exposure to agricultural pesticides was confirmed in a recent report that assessed exposure probabilities using life history calendars. However, data from passive wristband sampling of acute (1-week) pesticide exposure from these same children indicate that both study populations have considerable pesticide exposure but to different chemicals. As expected the children of farmworkers had greater OP exposure than non-farmworker children, but the non-farmworker children had greater exposure to two other classes of insecticides (organochlorines [OCs] and pyrethroids). Our analyses considered these findings. A comparison of the cognitive scores between groups revealed that children from farmworker families had slightly higher performance on the Visual-Spatial Index (VSI) and Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) when compared to children from non-farmworker families. Regression analyses where pesticide exposure was included as covariates revealed that OC exposure accounted for the largest portion of the group differences for both VSI and VCI. However, a post-hoc moderation analysis did not find significant interactions. The main study outcome was that the non-farmworker children exhibited lower WISC-V scores than the children from farmworker families, and the analyses incorporating pesticide exposure measures raise the hypothesis the that pervasive and persistent nature of a variety of pesticides may have adverse effects on the neurodevelopment of young Latinx children whether living in rural or non-farmworker environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L Dobbins
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Milton J Cepeda
- Department of Psychological Services, Winston Salem Forsyth County Schools, Winston Salem, NC 27105, USA.
| | - Lesley Berenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Jennifer W Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 2750 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jonathan H Burdette
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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17
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Dixon HM, Bramer LM, Scott RP, Calero L, Holmes D, Gibson EA, Cavalier HM, Rohlman D, Miller RL, Calafat AM, Kincl L, Waters KM, Herbstman JB, Anderson KA. Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107226. [PMID: 35405507 PMCID: PMC8978533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During events like the COVID-19 pandemic or a disaster, researchers may need to switch from collecting biological samples to personal exposure samplers that are easy and safe to transport and wear, such as silicone wristbands. Previous studies have demonstrated significant correlations between urine biomarker concentrations and chemical levels in wristbands. We build upon those studies and use a novel combination of descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning to evaluate the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine. In New York City, 109 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort wore one wristband for 48 h and provided a spot urine sample at the end of the 48-hour period during their third trimester of pregnancy. We compared four PAHs with the corresponding seven OH-PAHs using descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and a linear discriminant analysis model. Five of the seven PAH and OH-PAH pairs had significant correlations (Pearson's r = 0.35-0.64, p ≤ 0.003) and significant chi-square tests of independence for exposure categories (p ≤ 0.009). For these five comparisons, the observed PAH or OH-PAH concentration could predict the other concentration within a factor of 1.47 for 50-80% of the measurements (depending on the pair). Prediction accuracies for high exposure categories were at least 1.5 times higher compared to accuracies based on random chance. These results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers looking for the flexibility to switch between biological sample and wristband collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Dixon
- Oregon State University, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Richard P Scott
- Oregon State University, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lehyla Calero
- Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Darrell Holmes
- Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Haleigh M Cavalier
- Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Diana Rohlman
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Clinical Immunology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Oregon State University, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Corvallis, OR, USA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia University, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Oregon State University, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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18
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Hamzai L, Lopez Galvez N, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Matt GE, Quintana PJ. A systematic review of the use of silicone wristbands for environmental exposure assessment, with a focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:244-258. [PMID: 34302044 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure assessment is critical for connecting environmental pollutants to health outcomes and evaluating impacts of interventions or environmental policies. Silicone wristbands (SWBs) show promise for multi-pollutant exposure assessment, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a ubiquitous class of toxic environmental pollutants. OBJECTIVE To review published studies where SWBs were worn on the wrist for human environmental exposure assessments and evaluate the ability of SWBs to capture personal exposures, identify gaps which need to be addressed to implement this tool, and make recommendations for future studies to advance the field of exposure science through utilization of SWBs. METHODS We performed a systematic search and a cited reference search in Scopus and extracted key study descriptions. RESULTS Thirty-nine unique studies were identified, with analytes including PAHs, pesticides, flame retardants, and tobacco products. SWBs were shipped under ambient conditions without apparent analyte loss, indicating utility for global exposure and health studies. Nineteen articles detected a total of 60 PAHs in at least one SWB. Correlations with other concurrent biological and air measurements indicate the SWB captures exposure to flame retardants, tobacco products, and PAHs. SIGNIFICANCE SWBs show promise as a simple-to-deploy tool to estimate environmental and occupational exposures to chemical mixtures, including PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Hamzai
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Wacławik M, Rodzaj W, Wielgomas B. Silicone Wristbands in Exposure Assessment: Analytical Considerations and Comparison with Other Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041935. [PMID: 35206121 PMCID: PMC8872583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to numerous potentially harmful chemicals throughout their lifetime. Although many studies have addressed this issue, the data on chronic exposure is still lacking. Hence, there is a growing interest in methods and tools allowing to longitudinally track personal exposure to multiple chemicals via different routes. Since the seminal work, silicone wristbands (WBs) have been increasingly used to facilitate human exposure assessment, as using WBs as a wearable sampler offers new insights into measuring chemical risks involved in many ambient and occupational scenarios. However, the literature lacks a detailed overview regarding methodologies being used; a comprehensive comparison with other approaches of personal exposure assessment is needed as well. Therefore, the aim of this review is fourfold. First, we summarize hitherto conducted research that employed silicone WBs as personal passive samplers. Second, all pre-analytical and analytical steps used to obtain exposure data are discussed. Third, we compare main characteristics of WBs with key features of selected matrices used in exposure assessment, namely urine, blood, hand wipes, active air sampling, and settled dust. Finally, we discuss future needs of research employing silicone WBs. Our work shows a variety of possibilities, advantages, and caveats associated with employment of silicone WBs as personal passive samplers. Although further research is necessary, silicone WBs have already been proven valuable as a tool for longitudinal assessment of personal exposure.
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20
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Jin S, Pang W, Zhao L, Zhao Z, Mei S. Review of HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5351. [PMID: 35106788 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tobacco smoking is a risk factor for a series of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and cancers. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco smoke, is mainly transformed to its active metabolite cotinine, which is often used as biomarker for tobacco exposure for its higher blood concentration and longer residence time than nicotine. Various analytical methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biological matrices. This article reviewed the HPLC-MS based methods for nicotine and/or cotinine analysis in various biological matrices. The sample preparation, mass and chromatographic conditions and method validation results of these methods have been summarized and analyzed. Sample was mainly pretreated by protein precipitation and/or extraction. Separation was achieved using methanol and/or acetonitrile:water (with or without ammonium acetate) on C18 columns, and acetonitrile:water (with formic acid, ammonium acetate/formate) on HILIC columns. Nicotine-d3, nicotine-d4 and cotinine-d3 were commonly used internal standards. Other non-deuterated IS were also used such as ritonavir, N-ethylnorcotinine, and milrinone. For both nicotine and cotinine, the calibration range was 0.005-35000 ng/mL, the matrix effect was 75.96% - 126.8% and the recovery was 53% - 124.5%. The two analytes were stable at room temperature for 1-10 days, at -80 °C for up to 6 months, and after 3-6 freeze-thaw cycles. Comedications did not affect nicotine and cotinine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Jin
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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21
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Wise CF, Hammel SC, Herkert NJ, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Breen M, Stapleton HM. Comparative Assessment of Pesticide Exposures in Domestic Dogs and Their Owners Using Silicone Passive Samplers and Biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1149-1161. [PMID: 34964617 PMCID: PMC10150270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used extensively in residential settings for lawn maintenance and in homes to control household pests including application directly on pets to deter fleas and ticks. Pesticides are commonly detected in the home environment where people and pets can be subject to chronic exposure. Due to increased interest in using companion animals as sentinels for human environmental health studies, we conducted a comparative pesticide exposure assessment in 30 people and their pet dogs to determine how well silicone wristbands and silicone dog tags can predict urinary pesticide biomarkers of exposure. Using targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we quantified eight pesticides in silicone samplers and used a suspect screening approach for additional pesticides. Urine samples were analyzed for 15 pesticide metabolite biomarkers. Several pesticides were detected in >70% of silicone samplers including permethrin, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and chlorpyrifos. Significant and positive correlations were observed between silicone sampler levels of permethrin and DEET with their corresponding urinary metabolites (rs = 0.50-0.96, p < 0.05) in both species. Significantly higher levels of fipronil were observed in silicone samplers from participants who reported using flea and tick products containing fipronil on their dog. This study suggests that people and their dogs have similar pesticide exposures in a home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Wise
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas J Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MSS103-2, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MSS103-2, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Matthew Breen
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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22
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Fuentes ZC, Schwartz YL, Robuck AR, Walker DI. Operationalizing the Exposome Using Passive Silicone Samplers. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2022; 8:1-29. [PMID: 35004129 PMCID: PMC8724229 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-021-00211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The exposome, which is defined as the cumulative effect of environmental exposures and corresponding biological responses, aims to provide a comprehensive measure for evaluating non-genetic causes of disease. Operationalization of the exposome for environmental health and precision medicine has been limited by the lack of a universal approach for characterizing complex exposures, particularly as they vary temporally and geographically. To overcome these challenges, passive sampling devices (PSDs) provide a key measurement strategy for deep exposome phenotyping, which aims to provide comprehensive chemical assessment using untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry for exposome-wide association studies. To highlight the advantages of silicone PSDs, we review their use in population studies and evaluate the broad range of applications and chemical classes characterized using these samplers. We assess key aspects of incorporating PSDs within observational studies, including the need to preclean samplers prior to use to remove impurities that interfere with compound detection, analytical considerations, and cost. We close with strategies on how to incorporate measures of the external exposome using PSDs, and their advantages for reducing variability in exposure measures and providing a more thorough accounting of the exposome. Continued development and application of silicone PSDs will facilitate greater understanding of how environmental exposures drive disease risk, while providing a feasible strategy for incorporating untargeted, high-resolution characterization of the external exposome in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Coates Fuentes
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY USA
| | - Yuri Levin Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY USA
| | - Anna R. Robuck
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY USA
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23
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Dieleman J, Sescousse G, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Luijten M. Investigating the association between smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and reward-related brain activity in adolescent experimental smokers. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13070. [PMID: 34263512 PMCID: PMC9285048 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduced anticipatory reward‐related activity, especially in the ventral striatum (VS), may underly adolescent vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. It remains unclear whether nicotine uptake caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, known to be associated with future smoking, might prompt similar changes in the brain's reward system, rendering adolescents vulnerable for development of nicotine dependence. To address this question, we tested whether current ETS exposure and monthly smoking are associated with VS hypoactivity for non‐drug rewards in experimental smoking adolescents. One‐hundred adolescents performed a monetary incentive delay task while brain activity was measured using fMRI. To test the hypothesized relationship, we used a variety of approaches: (1) a whole‐brain voxel‐wise approach, (2) an region‐of‐interest approach in the VS using frequentist and Bayesian statistics and (3) a small volume voxel‐wise approach across the complete striatum. The results converged in revealing no significant relationships between monthly smoking, ETS exposure and reward‐related brain activation across the brain or in the (ventral) striatum specifically. However, Bayesian statistics showed only anecdotal evidence for the null hypothesis in the VS, providing limited insight into the (non‐)existence of the hypothesized relationship. Based on these results, we speculate that blunted VS reward‐related activity might only occur after relatively high levels of exposure or might be associated with more long term effects of smoking. Future studies would benefit from even larger sample sizes to reliably distinguish between the null and alternative models, as well as more objective measures of (environmental) smoking via using devices such as silicone wristbands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Dieleman
- Department of Jeugd Trimbos Institute Utrecht Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | | | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Department of Jeugd Trimbos Institute Utrecht Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Social Sciences Utrecht University Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
- Pluryn Research and Development Nijmegen Netherlands
- Arizona State University REACH Institute Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
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24
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Kelley ST, Liu W, Quintana PJ, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Padilla S, Ogden S, Frenzel S, Sisk-Hackworth L, Matt GE. Altered microbiomes in thirdhand smoke-exposed children and their home environments. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1153-1160. [PMID: 33654287 PMCID: PMC8410873 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoke contains numerous toxic chemicals that accumulate in indoor environments creating thirdhand smoke (THS). We investigated if THS-polluted homes differed in children's human and built-environment microbiomes as compared to THS-free homes. METHODS Participants were n = 19 THS-exposed children and n = 10 unexposed children (≤5 years) and their caregivers. Environmental and biological samples were analyzed for THS pollutants and exposure. Swab samples were collected from the built-environment (floor, table, armrest, bed frame) and child (finger, nose, mouth, and ear canal), and 16S ribosomal RNA genes were analyzed for bacterial taxa using high-throughput DNA sequencing. RESULTS Phylogenetic α-diversity was significantly higher for the built-environment microbiomes in THS-polluted homes compared to THS-free homes (p < 0.014). Log2-fold comparison found differences between THS-polluted and THS-free homes for specific genera in samples from the built-environment (e.g., Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Corynebacterium, Gemella, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella) and in samples from children (esp. Corynebacterium, Gemella, Lautropia, Neisseria, Rothia, Staphylococcus, and Veillonella). CONCLUSION When exposed to THS, indoor and children microbiomes are altered in an environment-specific manner. Changes are similar to those reported in previous studies for smokers and secondhand smoke-exposed persons. THS-induced changes in child and built-environmental microbiomes may play a role in clinical outcomes in children. IMPACT Despite smoking bans, children can be exposed to tobacco smoke residue (i.e., thirdhand smoke) that lingers on surfaces and in settled house dust. Thirdhand smoke exposure is associated with changes in the microbiomes of the home environment and of the children living in these homes. Thirdhand smoke is associated with increased phylogenetic diversity of the home environment and changes in the abundances of several genera of the child microbiome known to be affected by active smoking and secondhand smoke (e.g., Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). Thirdhand smoke exposure by itself may induce alterations in the microbiome that play a role in childhood pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Liu
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | | | - Eunha Hoh
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | | | - E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A
| | | | - Shawn Ogden
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Sia Frenzel
- San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
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Gordon T, Karey E, Rebuli ME, Escobar Y, Jaspers I, Chi Chen L. E-Cigarette Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:301-322. [PMID: 34555289 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-042921-084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping has surpassed conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States and beyond. This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence of e-cigarette toxicity and deleterious health effects. Adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by several factors, including e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes related to heating, and health of the e-cigarette user (e.g., asthmatic). Federal, state, and local regulations have attempted to govern e-cigarette flavors, manufacturing, distribution, and availability, particularly to underaged youths. However, the evolving e-cigarette landscape continues to impede timely toxicological studies and hinder progress made toward our understanding of the long-term health consequence of e-cigarettes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yael Escobar
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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26
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Xie Q, Guan Q, Li L, Pan X, Ho CL, Liu X, Hou S, Chen D. Exposure of children and mothers to organophosphate esters: Prediction by house dust and silicone wristbands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117011. [PMID: 33823314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous human exposure to organophosphorus tri-esters (tri-OPEs) has been reported worldwide. Previous studies investigated the feasibility of using house dust and wristbands to assess human OPE exposure. We hypothesized that these two approaches could differ in relative effectiveness in the characterization of children and adult exposure. In the participants recruited from Guangzhou, South China, urinary levels of major OPE metabolites, including diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), were significantly higher in children than their mothers (median 6.6 versus 3.7 ng/mL and 0.11 versus 0.06 ng/mL, respectively). The associations of dust or wristband-associated OPEs with urinary metabolites exhibited chemical-specific patterns, which also differed between children and mothers. Significant and marginally significant associations were determined between dust concentrations of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), trimethylphenyl phosphate (TMPP), or tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and their metabolites in children urine and between dust tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), TPHP or TMPP and urinary metabolites in mothers. By contrast, wristbands exhibited better efficiency of predicting internal exposure to TDCIPP. While both house dust and wristbands exhibited the potential as a convenient approach for assessing long-term OPE exposure, their feasibility requires better investigations via larger-scale studies and standardized sampling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qingxia Guan
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Minister of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Xiongfei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Cheuk-Lam Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China, PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Sen Hou
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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27
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Northrup TF, Stotts AL, Suchting R, Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Khan AM, Green C, Klawans MR, Johnson M, Benowitz N, Jacob P, Hoh E, Hovell MF, Stewart CJ. Thirdhand smoke associations with the gut microbiomes of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: An observational study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111180. [PMID: 33865820 PMCID: PMC8187318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbiome differences have been found in adults who smoke cigarettes compared to non-smoking adults, but the impact of thirdhand smoke (THS; post-combustion tobacco residue) on hospitalized infants' rapidly developing gut microbiomes is unexplored. Our aim was to explore gut microbiome differences in infants admitted to a neonatal ICU (NICU) with varying THS-related exposure. METHODS Forty-three mother-infant dyads (household member[s] smoke cigarettes, n = 32; no household smoking, n = 11) consented to a carbon monoxide-breath sample, bedside furniture nicotine wipes, infant-urine samples (for cotinine [nicotine's primary metabolite] assays), and stool collection (for 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing). Negative binomial regression modeled relative abundances of 8 bacterial genera with THS exposure-related variables (i.e., household cigarette use, surface nicotine, and infant urine cotinine), controlling for gestational age, postnatal age, antibiotic use, and breastmilk feeding. Microbiome-diversity outcomes were modeled similarly. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥75.0% were considered meaningful. RESULTS A majority of infants (78%) were born pre-term. Infants from non-smoking homes and/or with lower NICU-furniture surface nicotine had greater microbiome alpha-diversity compared to infants from smoking households (PP ≥ 75.0%). Associations (with PP ≥ 75.0%) of selected bacterial genera with urine cotinine, surface nicotine, and/or household cigarette use were evidenced for 7 (of 8) modeled genera. For example, lower Bifidobacterium relative abundance associated with greater furniture nicotine (IRR<0.01 [<0.01, 64.02]; PP = 87.1%), urine cotinine (IRR = 0.08 [<0.01,2.84]; PP = 86.9%), and household smoking (IRR<0.01 [<0.01, 7.38]; PP = 96.0%; FDR p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS THS-related exposure was associated with microbiome differences in NICU-admitted infants. Additional research on effects of tobacco-related exposures on healthy infant gut-microbiome development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Northrup
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, JJL 324, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Angela L Stotts
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, JJL 324, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Robert Suchting
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4611, USA.
| | - Penelope J E Quintana
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA.
| | - Amir M Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 3.236, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Charles Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 2.106, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Michelle R Klawans
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, JJL 324, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mary Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 3.244, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Neal Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, SFGH 30, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1220, USA.
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA.
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 102, Mail Box 102, San Diego, CA, 92123-4388, USA.
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Travis SC, Kordas K, Aga DS. Optimized workflow for unknown screening using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry expands identification of contaminants in silicone personal passive samplers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9048. [PMID: 33444483 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Silicone wristbands have emerged as valuable passive samplers for monitoring of personal exposure to environmental contaminants in the rapidly developing field of exposomics. Once deployed, silicone wristbands collect and hold a wealth of chemical information that can be interrogated using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to provide a broad coverage of chemical mixtures. METHODS Gas chromatography coupled to Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry (GC/Orbitrap™ MS) was used to simultaneously perform suspect screening (using in-house database) and unknown screening (using vendor databases) of extracts from wristbands worn by volunteers. The goal of this study was to optimize a workflow that allows detection of low levels of priority pollutants, with high reliability. In this regard, a data processing workflow for GC/Orbitrap™ MS was developed using a mixture of 123 environmentally relevant standards consisting of pesticides, flame retardants, organophosphate esters, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as test compounds. RESULTS The optimized unknown screening workflow using a search index threshold of 750 resulted in positive identification of 70 analytes in validation samples, and a reduction in the number of false positives by over 50%. An average of 26 compounds with high confidence identification, 7 level 1 compounds and 19 level 2 compounds, were observed in worn wristbands. The data were further analyzed via suspect screening and retrospective suspect screening to identify an additional 36 compounds. CONCLUSIONS This study provides three important findings: (1) a clear evidence of the importance of sample cleanup in addressing complex sample matrices for unknown analysis, (2) a valuable workflow for the identification of unknown contaminants in silicone wristband samplers using electron ionization HRMS data, and (3) a novel application of GC/Orbitrap™ MS for the unknown analysis of organic contaminants that can be used in exposomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Travis
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
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29
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Arcury TA, Chen H, Quandt SA, Talton JW, Anderson KA, Scott RP, Jensen A, Laurienti PJ. Pesticide exposure among Latinx children: Comparison of children in rural, farmworker and urban, non-farmworker communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144233. [PMID: 33385842 PMCID: PMC7855950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Personal pesticide exposure is not well characterized among children in vulnerable, immigrant communities. We used silicone wristbands in 2018-2019 to assess pesticide exposure in 8 year old Latinx boys and girls in rural, farmworker families (n = 73) and urban, non-farmworker families (n = 60) living in North Carolina who were enrolled in the PACE5 Study, a community-based participatory research study. We determined the detection and concentrations (ng/g) of 75 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the silicone wristbands worn for one week using gas chromatography electron capture detection and employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Differences by personal and family characteristics were tested using analysis of variance or Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests when necessary. Pesticide concentrations above the limit of detection were analyzed, and reported as geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The most frequently detected pesticide classes were organochlorines (85.7%), pyrethroids (65.4%), and organophosphates (59.4%), with the most frequently detected specific pesticides being alpha-chlordane (69.2%), trans-nonachlor (67.7%), gamma-chlordane (66.2%), chlorpyrifos (54.9%), cypermethrin (49.6%), and trans-permethrin (39.1%). More of those children in urban, non-farmworker families had detections of organochlorines (93.3% vs. 79.5, p = 0.0228) and pyrethroids (75.0% vs. 57.5%, p = 0.0351) than did those in rural, farmworker families; more children in rural, farmworker families had detections for organophosphates (71.2% vs. 45.0%, p= 0.0022). Children in urban, non-farmworker families had greater concentrations of alpha-chlordane (geometric mean (GM) 18.98, 95% CI 14.14, 25.47 vs. 10.25, 95% CI 7.49, 14.03; p= 0.0055) and dieldrin (GM 17.38, 95% CI 12.78 23.62 vs. 8.10, 95% CI 5.47, 12.00; p= 0.0034) than did children in rural, farmworker families. These results support the position that pesticides are ubiquitous in the living environment for children in vulnerable, immigrant communities, and argue for greater effort in documenting the widespread nature of pesticide exposure among children, with greater effort to reduce pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Jennifer W Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 2750 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Richard P Scott
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 2750 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Anna Jensen
- North Carolina Farmworkers Project, 1238 NC Highway 50 S, Benson, NC 27504, USA.
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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30
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Quintana PJE, Lopez-Galvez N, Dodder NG, Hoh E, Matt GE, Zakarian JM, Vyas M, Chu L, Akins B, Padilla S, Anderson KA, Hovell MF. Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children's Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:592-599. [PMID: 33009807 PMCID: PMC8248526 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Simple silicone wristbands (WB) hold promise for exposure assessment in children. We previously reported strong correlations between nicotine in WB worn by children and urinary cotinine (UC). Here, we investigated differences in WB chemical concentrations among children exposed to secondhand smoke from conventional cigarettes (CC) or secondhand vapor from electronic cigarettes (EC), and children living with nonusers of either product (NS). METHODS Children (n = 53) wore three WB and a passive nicotine air sampler for 7 days and one WB for 2 days, and gave a urine sample on day 7. Caregivers reported daily exposures during the 7-day period. We determined nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) concentrations in WB, nicotine in air samplers, and UC through isotope-dilution liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS Nicotine and cotinine levels in WB in children differentiated between groups of children recruited into NS, EC exposed, and CC exposed groups in a similar manner to UC. WB levels were significantly higher in the CC group (WB nicotine median 233.8 ng/g silicone, UC median 3.6 ng/mL, n = 15) than the EC group (WB nicotine median: 28.9 ng/g, UC 0.5 ng/mL, n = 19), and both CC and EC group levels were higher than the NS group (WB nicotine median: 3.7 ng/g, UC 0.1 ng/mL, n = 19). TSNAs, including the known carcinogen NNK, were detected in 39% of WB. CONCLUSIONS Silicone WB show promise for sensitive detection of exposure to tobacco-related contaminants from traditional and electronic cigarettes and have potential for tobacco control efforts. IMPLICATIONS Silicone WB worn by children can absorb nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and amounts of these compounds are closely related to the child's urinary cotinine. Levels of tobacco-specific compounds in the silicone WB can distinguish patterns of children's exposure to secondhand smoke and e-cigarette vapor. Silicone WB are simple to use and acceptable to children and, therefore, may be useful for tobacco control activities such as parental awareness and behavior change, and effects of smoke-free policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Lopez-Galvez
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego,
CA
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego,
CA
| | - Joy M Zakarian
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA
| | - Mansi Vyas
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego,
CA
| | - Linda Chu
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego,
CA
| | - Brittany Akins
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego,
CA
| | - Samuel Padilla
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego State
University, San Diego, CA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University College of
Agricultural Sciences, Corvallis, OR
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Boormans AJMG, Dieleman J, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Luijten M. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Brain Functioning Associated with Smoking Cue-Reactivity and Inhibitory Control in Nonsmoking Adolescents. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:341-350. [PMID: 33567443 PMCID: PMC8491477 DOI: 10.1159/000512891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its well-established negative effects, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure remains highly prevalent worldwide. ETS exposure is associated with a wide range of physical and mental health-related problems among youth, including an increased likelihood to develop nicotine dependence. Up till now, neurocognitive effects of ETS exposure are largely unknown, while such effects could explain the role of ETS exposure in the development of nicotine dependence. Therefore, this preregistered study investigated the role of current ETS exposure in brain functioning associated with smoking cue-reactivity and inhibitory control. METHOD Concurrent with functional magnetic resonance imaging, nonsmoking adolescents aged 14-18 years (N = 51) performed a smoking cue-reactivity task, assessing brain functioning to smoking cues, and a Go/NoGo task measuring inhibitory control. ETS exposure was measured using a self-report questionnaire and biochemically verified. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between current ETS exposure and brain functioning associated with smoking cue-reactivity and inhibitory control. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that low-to-moderate levels of current ETS exposure are not associated with increased salience of smoking cues or deficits in inhibitory control in nonsmoking adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to further clarify the exact effect of lifetime ETS exposure on brain functioning, as well as research focusing on the effects of higher levels of ETS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Dieleman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Maartje Luijten, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, Montessorilaan 3, NL–6500 HE Nijmegen (The Netherlands),
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Wang S, Romanak KA, Tarallo S, Francavilla A, Viviani M, Vineis P, Rothwell JA, Mancini FR, Cordero F, Naccarati A, Severi G, Venier M. The use of silicone wristbands to evaluate personal exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in France and Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115490. [PMID: 33254690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this exploratory study, we measured for the first-time human exposure to about 90 semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in France and Italy using silicone wristbands. Participants in France (n = 40) and in Italy (n = 31) wore a silicone wristband for five days during 2018 and 2019. Samples were analyzed for 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 10 novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs), 25 organophosphate esters (OPEs), and 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In both groups, the most commonly detected chemicals were BDE-209, BEHTBP, tris[(2R)-1-chloro-2-propyl] phosphate (TCIPP), and phenanthrene among PBDEs, nBFRs, OPEs, and PAHs, respectively. The concentrations of ∑39 PBDEs, ∑10 nBFRs, ∑25 OPEs, ∑18 PAHs, and of most individual chemicals were generally significantly higher in samples from France than in those from Italy, except for BDE-209 and TCIPP. On a broader scale, the chemical concentrations were generally significantly lower in this study than those measured in the United States in previous studies using the same type of wristbands. Efforts to standardize the protocols for the use of silicone wristbands are still needed but this study shows that wristbands are capable of capturing regional differences in human exposure to a large variety of SVOCs and, therefore, can be used as personal exposure monitor for studies with global coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorui Wang
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Kevin A Romanak
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Antonio Francavilla
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marco Viviani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- CESP (U1018), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, 94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP (U1018), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, 94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP (U1018), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, 94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Venier
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
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Travis SC, Aga DS, Queirolo EI, Olson JR, Daleiro M, Kordas K. Catching flame retardants and pesticides in silicone wristbands: Evidence of exposure to current and legacy pollutants in Uruguayan children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140136. [PMID: 32927574 PMCID: PMC10989841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Children are exposed to many potentially toxic compounds in their daily lives and are vulnerable to the harmful effects. To date, very few non-invasive methods are available to quantify children's exposure to environmental chemicals. Due to their ease of implementation, silicone wristbands have emerged as passive samplers to study personal environmental exposures and have the potential to greatly increase our knowledge of chemical exposures in vulnerable population groups. Nevertheless, there is a limited number of studies monitoring children's exposures via silicone wristbands. In this study, we implemented this sampling technique in ongoing research activities in Montevideo, Uruguay which aim to monitor chemical exposures in a cohort of elementary school children. The silicone wristbands were worn by 24 children for 7 days; they were quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for 45 chemical pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), and novel halogenated flame-retardant chemicals (NHFRs). All classes of chemicals, except NHFRs, were identified in the passive samplers. The average number of analytes detected in each wristband was 13 ±3. OPFRs were consistently the most abundant class of analytes detected. Median concentrations of ΣOPFRs, ΣPBDEs, ΣPCBs, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) were 1020, 3.00, 0.52 and 3.79 ng/g wristband, respectively. Two major findings result from this research; differences in trends of two OPFRs (TCPP and TDCPP) are observed between studies in Uruguay and the United States, and the detection of DDT, a chemical banned in several countries, suggests that children's exposure profiles in these settings may differ from other parts of the world. This was the first study to examine children's exposome in South America using silicone wristbands and clearly points to a need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Travis
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Elena I Queirolo
- Center for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Mónica Daleiro
- Center for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York, United States.
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Kassem NOF, Peterson LA, Liles S, Kassem NO, Zaki FK, Lui KJ, Vevang KR, Dodder NG, Hoh E, Hovell MF. Urinary metabolites of furan in waterpipe tobacco smokers compared to non-smokers in home settings in the US. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:202-210. [PMID: 32814080 PMCID: PMC10883161 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine uptake of furan, a potential human carcinogen, in waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smokers in home settings. METHODS We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years, and 25 non-smokers, mean age 25.5 years. For WPT smokers, data were collected at a home visit by research assistants during which participants smoked one WPT head of one brand for a mean of 33.1 min in their homes. Research assistants provided and prepared a WP for participants by weighing and loading 10 g of WPT in the WP head. At the completion of the smoking session, research assistants measured the remaining WPT. Cotinine and six furan metabolites were quantified in first morning urine samples provided on 2 consecutive days for non-smokers, and on the morning of a WPT smoking session and on the following morning for smokers. RESULTS WPT smokers consumed a mean of 2.99 g WPT. In WPT smokers, urinary cotinine levels increased significantly 26.1 times the following morning; however, urinary metabolites of furan did not increase significantly. Compared to non-smokers, 2 furan metabolites, N-acetyl-S-[1-(5-acetylamino-5-carboxylpentyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-[1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine sulfoxide, were significantly higher in WPT smokers in pre and in post WPT smoking levels. CONCLUSIONS To enable a more rigorous assessment of furan exposure from WPT smoking, future research should determine furan concentrations in WPT smoke, quantify furan metabolites from users of various WPT brands; and extend the investigation to social settings where WPT smoking is habitually practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada O F Kassem
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States.
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Sandy Liles
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Noura O Kassem
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Flora K Zaki
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
| | - Kung-Jong Lui
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Karin R Vevang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Hookah Tobacco Studies Division, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92123, United States
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Doherty BT, Pearce JL, Anderson KA, Karagas MR, Romano ME. Assessment of Multipollutant Exposures During Pregnancy Using Silicone Wristbands. Front Public Health 2020; 8:547239. [PMID: 33117768 PMCID: PMC7550746 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.547239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone wristbands can assess multipollutant exposures in a non-invasive and minimally burdensome manner, which may be suitable for use among pregnant women. We investigated silicone wristbands as passive environmental samplers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. We used wristbands to assess exposure to a broad range of organic chemicals, identified multipollutant exposure profiles using self-organizing maps (SOMs), and assessed temporal consistency and determinants of exposures during pregnancy. Participants (n = 255) wore wristbands for 1 week at 12 gestational weeks. Of 1,530 chemicals assayed, 199 were detected in at least one wristband and 16 were detected in >60% of wristbands. A median of 23 (range: 12,37) chemicals were detected in each wristband, and chemicals in commerce and personal care products were most frequently detected. A subset of participants (n=20) wore a second wristband at 24 gestational weeks, and concentrations of frequently detected chemicals were moderately correlated between time points (median intraclass correlation: 0.22; range: 0.00,0.69). Women with higher educational attainment had fewer chemicals detected in their wristbands and the total number of chemicals detected varied seasonally. Triphenyl phosphate concentrations were positively associated with nail polish use, and benzophenone concentrations were highest in summer. No clear associations were observed with other a priori relations, including certain behaviors, season, and socioeconomic factors. SOM analyses revealed 12 profiles, ranging from 2 to 149 participants, captured multipollutant exposure profiles observed in this cohort. The most common profile (n = 149) indicated that 58% of participants experienced relatively low exposures to frequently detected chemicals. Less common (n ≥ 10) and rare (n < 10) profiles were characterized by low to moderate exposures to most chemicals and very high and/or very low exposure to a subset of chemicals. Certain covariates varied across SOM profile membership; for example, relative to women in the most common profile who had low exposures to most chemicals, women in the profile with elevated exposure to galaxolide and benzyl benzoate were younger, more likely to be single, and more likely to report nail polish use. Our study illustrates the utility of silicone wristbands for measurement of multipollutant exposures in sensitive populations, including pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett T Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - John L Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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36
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Hammel SC, Hoffman K, Phillips AL, Levasseur JL, Lorenzo AM, Webster TF, Stapleton HM. Comparing the Use of Silicone Wristbands, Hand Wipes, And Dust to Evaluate Children's Exposure to Flame Retardants and Plasticizers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4484-4494. [PMID: 32122123 PMCID: PMC7430043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are applied as additive flame retardants, and along with phthalates, are also used as plasticizers in consumer products. As such, human exposure is common and chronic. Deployed as personal passive samplers, silicone wristbands have been shown to detect over a thousand industrial and consumer product chemicals; however, few studies have evaluated chemical concentrations with their corresponding biomarkers of exposure, especially in children. Further, little is known about how well the wristbands predict individual exposure compared to existing validated external exposure tools such as indoor air, dust, and hand wipes. Here, we analyzed wristbands worn by children (ages 3-6) for 18 OPEs and 10 phthalates and compared them to corresponding urinary biomarkers. In wristbands, 13 of 18 OPEs and all phthalates were detected in >80% of wristbands, and 6 OPEs and 4 phthalates were significantly associated with corresponding urinary metabolites (rs = 0.2-0.6, p < 0.05). When compared to paired hand wipes and house dust, wristbands were found to have similar or greater correlation coefficients with respective urinary biomarkers. These results suggest that wristbands can serve as effective and quantitative assessment tools for evaluating personal exposure to some OPEs and phthalates, and for certain chemicals, may provide a better exposure estimate than indoor dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Hammel
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States
- Children’s Health & Discovery Initiative, Duke
School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States
| | - Allison L. Phillips
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States
| | - Jessica L. Levasseur
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States
| | - Amelia M. Lorenzo
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States
| | - Thomas F. Webster
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston
University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States
- Children’s Health & Discovery Initiative, Duke
School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone:
919-613-8717; Fax: 919-684-8741;
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McGrath-Morrow SA, Gorzkowski J, Groner JA, Rule AM, Wilson K, Tanski SE, Collaco JM, Klein JD. The Effects of Nicotine on Development. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1346. [PMID: 32047098 PMCID: PMC7049940 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of noncombustible nicotine-containing products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Of increasing popularity are e-cigarettes that can deliver high doses of nicotine over short periods of time. These devices have led to a rise in nicotine addiction in adolescent users who were nonsmokers. Use of noncombustible nicotine products by pregnant mothers is also increasing and can expose the developing fetus to nicotine, a known teratogen. In addition, young children are frequently exposed to secondhand and thirdhand nicotine aerosols generated by e-cigarettes, with little understanding of the effects these exposures can have on health. With the advent of these new nicotine-delivery systems, many concerns have arisen regarding the short- and long-term health effects of nicotine on childhood health during all stages of development. Although health studies on nicotine exposure alone are limited, educating policy makers and health care providers on the potential health effects of noncombustible nicotine is needed because public acceptance of these products has become so widespread. Most studies evaluating the effects of nicotine on health have been undertaken in the context of smoke exposure. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies strongly indicate that nicotine exposure alone can adversely affect the nervous, respiratory, immune, and cardiovascular systems, particularly when exposure occurs during critical developmental periods. In this review, we have included both preclinical and clinical studies to identify age-related health effects of nicotine exposure alone, examining the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and
| | - Julie Gorzkowski
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois
| | - Judith A. Groner
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ana M. Rule
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen Wilson
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Susanne E. Tanski
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - Joseph M. Collaco
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and
| | - Jonathan D. Klein
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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de Oliveira M, Frihling BEF, Velasques J, Filho FJCM, Cavalheri PS, Migliolo L. Pharmaceuticals residues and xenobiotics contaminants: Occurrence, analytical techniques and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135568. [PMID: 31846817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are increasingly present in the environment, and their appearance on both the environment and health of living beings are still poorly understood by society. Conventional sewage treatment facilities that are under validity and were designed years ago are not developed to remove pharmaceutical compounds, their main focus is organic and bacteriological removal. Pharmaceutical residues are associated directly with quantitative production aspects as well as inadequate waste management policies. Persistent classes of emerging compounds such as xenobiotics present molecules whose physicochemical properties such as small molecular size, ionizability, water solubility, lipophilicity, polarity and volatility make degradability, identification and quantification of these complex compounds difficult. Based on research results showing that there is a possibility of risk to human and environmental health the presence of these compounds in the environment this article aimed to review the main pharmaceutical and xenobiotic residues present in the environment, as well as to present the most common methodologies used. The most commonly used analytical methods for identifying these compounds were HPLC and Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with potential for characterize complex substances in the environment with low concentrations. An alternative and low-cost technology for emerging compound treatment demonstrated in the literature with a satisfactory performance for several types of sewage such as domestic sewage, wastewater and agroindustrial, was the Wetlands Constructed. The study was able to identify the main compounds that are being found in the environment and identify the most used analytical methods to identify and quantify these compounds, bringing some alternatives combining technologies for the treatment of compounds. Environmental contamination is eminent, since the production of emerging compounds aims to increase along with technological development. This demonstrates the need to explore and aggregate sewage treatment technologies to reduce or prevent the deposition of these compounds into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milina de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Jannaina Velasques
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | - Fernando Jorge Corrêa Magalhães Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Wang S, Romanak KA, Hendryx M, Salamova A, Venier M. Association between Thyroid Function and Exposures to Brominated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Rural Central Appalachia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:325-334. [PMID: 31820947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to flame retardants (FRs) is associated with adverse effects on human health. Focusing on three FR groups, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate FRs (OPFRs), and novel brominated FRs (nBFRs), we determined the levels of these chemicals in indoor air in homes in rural Central Appalachia using passive air samplers and personal exposures in the residents of these homes using silicone wristbands. We also investigated the relationships between the FR levels in wristbands and the thyroid function. The median total concentrations of PBDEs, OPFRs, and nBFRs were 210, 25 000, and 69 pg/m3 in indoor air, and 49, 670, and 110 ng/g in wristbands, respectively. The most abundant chemicals in both air and wristbands were BDE-47 and -99 among PBDEs, tris[(2R)-1-chloro-2-propyl] phosphate among OPFRs, and 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate among nBFRs. In gender-specific regression models that were controlled for age and smoking, significant associations were observed between BDE-99, BDE-197, and 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDP) and free thyroxine (FT4), between BDE-100 and free triiodothyronine (FT3), and between anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In particular, most penta-BDE congeners were significantly or marginally significantly associated with FT4 and FT3 for both females and males. Our results suggest that wristbands can be used as suitable exposure monitors for evaluating human exposure to FRs.
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Jain RB. Concentrations of urine cotinine and hydroxycotinine among US children, adolescents, and adults: data from NHANES 2013–2014. Biomarkers 2019; 24:757-763. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1684563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang S, Romanak KA, Stubbings WA, Arrandale VH, Hendryx M, Diamond ML, Salamova A, Venier M. Silicone wristbands integrate dermal and inhalation exposures to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105104. [PMID: 31465955 PMCID: PMC6774250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicone wristbands are being increasingly used to assess human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). However, it is unclear what exposure pathways wristbands integrate. To test the hypothesis that wristbands integrate inhalation and dermal exposures, we measured 38 chemicals from four compound groups (PAHs, PBDEs, nBFRs, and OPEs) in silicone wristbands and brooches, active air samples (Occupational Safety and Health Administration Versatile Sampler or OVS cartridge), and hand wipes from 10 adults during a 72-hour period. Phenanthrene, BDE-47, 2‑ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5‑tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), tris[(2R)‑1‑chloro‑2‑propyl] phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3‑dichloro‑2‑propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) were the predominant compounds in all four matrices. In a linear regression analysis, the compound levels in OVS were positively associated with those in wristbands and brooches for nBFRs and OPEs, but not for PAHs and PBDEs. The compound levels in wristbands were positively associated with those in hand wipes and brooches for all chemicals. The regressions between the levels in wristbands and OVS or brooches combined with the levels in hand wipes showed stronger, supporting the hypothesis that wristbands captured inhalation and dermal exposure pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorui Wang
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Kevin A Romanak
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - William A Stubbings
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Victoria H Arrandale
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Hendryx
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amina Salamova
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Marta Venier
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
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Rohlman D, Dixon HM, Kincl L, Larkin A, Evoy R, Barton M, Phillips A, Peterson E, Scaffidi C, Herbstman JB, Waters KM, Anderson KA. Development of an environmental health tool linking chemical exposures, physical location and lung function. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:854. [PMID: 31262274 PMCID: PMC6604385 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge in environmental health research is collecting robust data sets to facilitate comparisons between personal chemical exposures, the environment and health outcomes. To address this challenge, the Exposure, Location and lung Function (ELF) tool was designed in collaboration with communities that share environmental health concerns. These concerns centered on respiratory health and ambient air quality. The ELF collects exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), given their association with diminished lung function. Here, we describe the ELF as a novel environmental health assessment tool. METHODS The ELF tool collects chemical exposure for 62 PAHs using passive sampling silicone wristbands, geospatial location data and respiratory lung function measures using a paired hand-held spirometer. The ELF was tested by 10 individuals with mild to moderate asthma for 7 days. Participants wore a wristband each day to collect PAH exposure, carried a cell phone, and performed spirometry daily to collect respiratory health measures. Location data was gathered using the geospatial positioning system technology in an Android cell-phone. RESULTS We detected and quantified 31 PAHs across the study population. PAH exposure data showed spatial and temporal sensitivity within and between participants. Location data was used with existing datasets such as the Toxics Release Inventory and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazard Mapping System. Respiratory health outcomes were validated using criteria from the American Thoracic Society with 94% of participant data meeting standards. Finally, the ELF was used with a high degree of compliance (> 90%) by community members. CONCLUSIONS The ELF is a novel environmental health assessment tool that allows for personal data collection spanning chemical exposures, location and lung function measures as well as self-reported information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rohlman
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Holly M. Dixon
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Andrew Larkin
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Richard Evoy
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Michael Barton
- Superfund Research Program, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
| | - Aaron Phillips
- Computing & Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington USA
| | - Elena Peterson
- Computing & Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington USA
| | | | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Kim A. Anderson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon USA
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