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Ma J, Song J, Han L, Zhou W, Meng L, Li J, Bai X. Analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 variations in lung cancer and association with immunotherapeutic efficacy and prognosis: A nonrandomized controlled trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100395. [PMID: 38852543 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to explore Programmed Death Receptor-1 (PD-1) and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) variations in Lung Cancer (LC) tissues and Peripheral Blood (PPB) and their association with immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis. METHOD 72 patients with LC were included in the LC group and 39 patients with concurrent benign lung disease were included in the benign group. PD-1/PDL-1 was compared in PPB and lung tissue. All LC patients were treated with immunotherapy. The relationship between PD-1/PDL-1 in LC tissue and PPB and immunotherapy efficacy was analyzed. Patients were divided into death and survival groups, and PD-1/PDL-1 in tumor tissues and PPB were compared. RESULTS The authors found that PD-1 and PDL-1 positive expression in lung tissue and PPB in LC patients was elevated. Combined detection of PD-1 and PDL-1 was effective in diagnosing LC and evaluating the prognosis of LC patients. PD-1 and PDL-1 positive expression was reduced after disease remission while elevated in dead patients. The 3-year survival rate of patients with PD-1 positive expression was 45.45 % (25/55), which was lower (82.35 %, 14/17) than those with PD-1 negative expression. The 3-year survival rate of patients with positive and negative expression of PDL-1 was 48.78 % (20/41) and 61.29 % (19/31), respectively. DISCUSSION The present results demonstrated that PD-1 and PDL-1 are abnormal in cancer tissue and PPB of LC patients. The combined detection of PD-1 and PDL-1 has diagnostic value for LC and evaluation value for the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - JianRui Song
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - LiNa Han
- Office of Health Emergency, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - LiFeng Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - JianHui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - XiaoMing Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
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Elomaa H, Härkönen J, Väyrynen SA, Ahtiainen M, Ogino S, Nowak JA, Lau MC, Helminen O, Wirta EV, Seppälä TT, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Kuopio T, Väyrynen JP. Quantitative Multiplexed Analysis of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) and Arginase-1 (ARG1) Expression and Myeloid Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100450. [PMID: 38369188 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginase-1 (ARG1) are amino acid-metabolizing enzymes, frequently highly expressed in cancer. Their expression may deplete essential amino acids, lead to immunosuppression, and promote cancer growth. Still, their expression patterns, prognostic significance, and spatial localization in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are incompletely understood. Using a custom 10-plex immunohistochemistry assay and supervised machine learning-based digital image analysis, we characterized IDO and ARG1 expression in monocytic cells, granulocytes, mast cells, and tumor cells in 833 colorectal cancer patients. We evaluated the prognostic value and spatial arrangement of IDO- and ARG1-expressing myeloid and tumor cells. IDO was mainly expressed not only by monocytic cells but also by some tumor cells, whereas ARG1 was predominantly expressed by granulocytes. Higher density of IDO+ monocytic cells was an independent prognostic factor for improved cancer-specific survival both in the tumor center (Ptrend = .0002; hazard ratio [HR] for the highest ordinal category Q4 [vs Q1], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.79) and the invasive margin (Ptrend = .0015). Higher density of granulocytes was associated with prolonged cancer-specific survival in univariable models, and higher FCGR3+ARG1+ neutrophil density in the tumor center also in multivariable analysis (Ptrend = .0020). Granulocytes were, on average, located closer to tumor cells than monocytic cells. Furthermore, IDO+ monocytic cells and ARG1- granulocytes were closer than IDO- monocytic cells and ARG1+ granulocytes, respectively. The mRNA expression of the IDO1 gene was assessed in myeloid and tumor cells using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data for 62 colorectal cancers. IDO1 was mainly expressed in monocytes and dendritic cells, and high IDO1 activity in monocytes was associated with enriched immunostimulatory pathways. Our findings provided in-depth information about the infiltration patterns and prognostic value of cells expressing IDO and/or ARG1 in the colorectal cancer microenvironment, highlighting the significance of host immune response in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Elomaa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Education and Research, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Well Being Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jouni Härkönen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Well Being Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara A Väyrynen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Well Being Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olli Helminen
- Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erkki-Ville Wirta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Toni T Seppälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Well Being Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Education and Research, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Well Being Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Pathology, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Well Being Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Cossu G, La Rosa S, Brouland JP, Pitteloud N, Harel E, Santoni F, Brunner M, Daniel RT, Messerer M. PD-L1 Expression in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors/Pituitary Adenomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4471. [PMID: 37760441 PMCID: PMC10526513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM About a third of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs) may show aggressive behavior. Many efforts have been performed for identifying possible predictive factors to early determine the future behavior of PitNETs. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was associated with a more aggressive biology in different solid tumors, but its role in PitNET is not well-established yet. Our study aims to analyze PD-L1 expression in a surgical cohort of PitNETs to determine its association with radiological invasion and pathology findings, as well as with long-term recurrence rates. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis in a series of 86 PitNETs. Clinical presentation and radiological features of the preoperative period were collected, as well as pathological data and follow-up data. The rate of PD-L1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated and expressed as a tumor proportion score (TPS). We assessed its relationship with cavernous sinus invasion and Trouillas' classification as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the TPS' relationship with histopathological markers of proliferation, hormonal expression, tumor size and long-term recurrence rates. We calculated the optimal cut-point for the primary outcomes while maximizing the product of the sensitivity and specificity and then we evaluated the significance of secondary outcomes with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis; 50 cases were non-functional PitNETs. The TPS for PD-L1 showed a highly right-skewed distribution in our sample, as 30.2% of patients scored 0. Using Trouillas' classification, we found that "proliferative" cases have a significantly higher probability to express PD-L1 in more than 30% of tumor cells (OR: 5.78; CI 95%: 1.80-18.4). This same cut-point was also associated with p53 expression. A positive association was found between PD-L1 expression and GH expression (p = 0.001; OR: 5.44; CI 95%: 1.98-14.98), while an inverse relationship was found with FSH/LH expression (p = 0.014; OR = 0.27, CI 95%: 0.10-0.76). No association was found with CS invasion, tumor size, bone erosion or dura invasion. We could not find any association between PD-L1 expression and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 expression was associated with proliferative grades of Trouillas' classification and p53 expression. We also confirmed a higher expression of PD-L1 in somatotroph tumors. Larger studies are necessary to investigate the relationship between PD-L1 expression and aggressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cossu
- Service of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.H.); (R.T.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jean Philippe Brouland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.P.); (F.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ethan Harel
- Service of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.H.); (R.T.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Santoni
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.P.); (F.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maxime Brunner
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.P.); (F.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Roy Thomas Daniel
- Service of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.H.); (R.T.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Mahmoud Messerer
- Service of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.H.); (R.T.D.); (M.M.)
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Xue C, Li G, Zheng Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Su Y, Chu Q, Yuan X, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1304-1326. [PMID: 37352864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism primarily involves the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and indole pathways. A variety of bioactive compounds produced via Trp metabolism can regulate various physiological functions, including inflammation, metabolism, immune responses, and neurological function. Emerging evidence supports an intimate relationship between Trp metabolism disorder and diseases. The levels or ratios of Trp metabolites are significantly associated with many clinical features. Additionally, studies have shown that disease progression can be controlled by modulating Trp metabolism. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, Trp-2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine-3-monooxygenase, and Trp hydroxylase are the rate-limiting enzymes that are critical for Trp metabolism. These key regulatory enzymes can be targeted for treating several diseases, including tumors. These findings provide novel insights into the treatment of diseases. In this review, we have summarized the recent research progress on the role of Trp metabolites in health and disease along with their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Hung YP, Mino-Kenudson M. Beyond PD-L1: Assessment of LAG-3 and other predictive biomarkers in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2023; 131:151-153. [PMID: 36066727 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sandström Gerdtsson A, Knulst M, Botling J, Mezheyeuski A, Micke P, Ek S. Phenotypic characterization of spatial immune infiltration niches in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2206725. [PMID: 37139184 PMCID: PMC10150622 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2206725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is heterogeneous, which impedes the prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We have mapped the expression of 49 proteins to spatial immune niches in 33 NSCLC tumors and report key differences in phenotype and function associated with the spatial context of immune infiltration. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL), identified in 42% of tumors, had a similar proportion of lymphocyte antigens compared to stromal leukocytes (SL) but displayed significantly higher levels of functional, mainly immune suppressive, markers including PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, B7-H3, OX40L, and IDO1. In contrast, SL expressed higher levels of the targetable T-cell activation marker CD27, which increased with a longer distance to the tumor. Correlation analysis confirmed that metabolic-driven immune regulatory mechanisms, including ARG1 and IDO1, are present in the TIL. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) were identified in 30% of patients. They displayed less variation in the expression profile and with significantly higher levels of pan lymphocyte and activation markers, dendritic cells, and antigen presentation compared to other immune niches. TLS also had higher CTLA-4 expression than non-structured SL, which may indicate immune dysfunction. Neither the presence of TIL nor TLS was associated with improved clinical outcomes. The apparent discrimination in functional profiles of distinct immune niches, independent of the overall level of leukocytes, illustrates the importance of spatial profiling to deconvolute how the immune microenvironment can dictate a therapeutic response and to identify biomarkers in the context of immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sandström Gerdtsson
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CONTACT Anna Sandström Gerdtsson Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Medicon Village 406, Scheelevägen 8, Lund223 87, Sweden
| | - Mattis Knulst
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mino-Kenudson M, Schalper K, Cooper W, Dacic S, Hirsch FR, Jain D, Lopez-Rios F, Tsao MS, Yatabe Y, Beasley MB, Yu H, Sholl LM, Brambilla E, Chou TY, Connolly C, Wistuba I, Kerr KM, Lantuejoul S. Predictive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Perspective From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:1335-1354. [PMID: 36184066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the backbone of treatment for most lung cancers with advanced or metastatic disease. In addition, they have increasingly been used for early stage tumors in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Unfortunately, however, only a subset of patients experiences meaningful response to ICIs. Although programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has played a role as the principal predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, its performance may not be optimal, and it suffers multiple practical issues with different companion diagnostic assays approved. Similarly, tumor mutational burden (TMB) has multiple technical issues as a predictive biomarker for ICIs. Now, ongoing research on tumor- and host immune-specific factors has identified immunotherapy biomarkers that may provide better response and prognosis prediction, in particular in a multimodal approach. This review by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee provides an overview of various immunotherapy biomarkers, including updated data on PD-L1 IHC and TMB, and assessments of neoantigens, genetic and epigenetic signatures, immune microenvironment by IHC and transcriptomics, and microbiome and pathologic response to neoadjuvant immunotherapies. The aim of this review is to underline the efficacy of new individual or combined predictive biomarkers beyond PD-L1 IHC and TMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kurt Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wendy Cooper
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology and University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Deepali Jain
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Fernando Lopez-Rios
- Department of Pathology, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ming Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Casey Connolly
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Centre Léon Bérard Unicancer, Lyon, France.
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Noh BJ, Choi G, Jang H, Ma C, Oh HS, Kim M, Eom DW. Prognostic implications of immune classification using IDO1 expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:373. [PMID: 36238847 PMCID: PMC9494626 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Joo Noh
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jang
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Ma
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 25440, Republic of Korea
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Alkhayyal N, Elemam NM, Hussein A, Magdub S, Jundi M, Maghazachi AA, Talaat IM, Bendardaf R. Expression of immune checkpoints (PD-L1 and IDO) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10482. [PMID: 36097493 PMCID: PMC9463383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) has become the most common cancer globally in 2020 as well as in the United Arab Emirates. The breast tumor microenvironment is composed of various immune cell types, including lymphocytes. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a crucial role in tumor eradication and progression. Further, immune checkpoint markers such as programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) have been associated with tumor evasion from the immune system. In this study, we aimed to explore the status of TILs, PD-L1 and IDO as well as to investigate their association with the clinicopathological parameters. Materials and methods A total of 59 patients diagnosed with primary infiltrating BC were selected, after which tissue sections were stained to identify TILs along with immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 and IDO. Moreover, in-silico tools were used to assess the expression of PD-L1, IDO and CD3ε in various molecular subtypes of BC. Results It was found that the percentage of TILs correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression. This was supported by the finding that most of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases belonged to the group with a high percentage of TILs (h-TILs). Similarly, the expression of PD-L1 and IDO was correlated with the ER and PR, whereas TNBC cases showed a high expression of PD-L1 and IDO. This goes in line with the in-silico findings where the TNBC group showed the highest expression of PD-L1 and IDO as well as the T cell marker CD3ε. Conclusion This study highlighted a possible link between the immunosuppressive markers PD-L1 and IDO with TILs density in the BC microenvironment.
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Wang X, Wang K, Yu M, Velluto D, Hong X, Wang B, Chiu A, Melero-Martin JM, Tomei AA, Ma M. Engineered immunomodulatory accessory cells improve experimental allogeneic islet transplantation without immunosuppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0071. [PMID: 35867788 PMCID: PMC9307254 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has been established as a viable treatment modality for type 1 diabetes. However, the side effects of the systemic immunosuppression required for patients often outweigh its benefits. Here, we engineer programmed death ligand-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein-modified mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as accessory cells for islet cotransplantation. The engineered MSCs (eMSCs) improved the outcome of both syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation in diabetic mice and resulted in allograft survival for up to 100 days without any systemic immunosuppression. Immunophenotyping revealed reduced infiltration of CD4+ or CD8+ T effector cells and increased infiltration of T regulatory cells within the allografts cotransplanted with eMSCs compared to controls. The results suggest that the eMSCs can induce local immunomodulation and may be applicable in clinical islet transplantation to reduce or minimize the need of systemic immunosuppression and ameliorate its negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana Velluto
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alan Chiu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Juan M. Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alice A. Tomei
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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11
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Chen M, Wang X, Wang W, Gui X, Li Z. Immune- and Stemness-Related Genes Revealed by Comprehensive Analysis and Validation for Cancer Immunity and Prognosis and Its Nomogram in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829057. [PMID: 35833114 PMCID: PMC9271778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a familiar lung cancer with a very poor prognosis. This study investigated the immune- and stemness-related genes to develop model related with cancer immunity and prognosis in LUAD. Method The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for obtaining original transcriptome data and clinical information. Differential expression, prognostic value, and correlation with clinic parameter of mRNA stemness index (mRNAsi) were conducted in LUAD. Significant mRNAsi-related module and hub genes were screened using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Meanwhile, immune-related differential genes (IRGs) were screened in LUAD. Stem cell index and immune-related differential genes (SC-IRGs) were screened and further developed to construct prognosis-related model and nomogram. Comprehensive analysis of hub genes and subgroups, involving enrichment in the subgroup [gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)], gene mutation, genetic correlation, gene expression, immune, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and drug sensitivity, used bioinformatics and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for verification. Results Through difference analysis, mRNAsi of LUAD group was markedly higher than that of normal group. Clinical parameters (age, gender, and T staging) were ascertained to be highly relevant to mRNAsi. MEturquoise and MEblue were found to be the most significant modules (including positive and negative correlations) related to mRNAsi via WGCNA. The functions and pathways of the two mRNAsi-related modules were mainly enriched in tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. Combining stem cell index–related differential genes and immune-related differential genes, 30 prognosis-related SC-IRGs were screened via Cox regression analysis. Then, 16 prognosis-related SC-IRGs were screened to construct a LASSO regression model at last. In addition, the model was successfully validated by using TCGA-LUAD and GSE68465, whereas c-index and the calibration curves were utilized to demonstrate the clinical value of our nomogram. Following the validation of the model, GSEA, immune cell correlation, TMB, clinical relevance, etc., have found significant difference in high- and low-risk groups, and 16-gene expression of the SC-IRG model also was tested by RT-PCR. ADRB2, ANGPTL4, BDNF, CBLC, CX3CR1, and IL3RA were found markedly different expression between the tumor and normal group. Conclusion The SC-IRG model and the prognostic nomogram could accurately predict LUAD survival. Our study used mRNAsi combined with immunity that may lay a foundation for the future research studies in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan Li, ; Mengqing Chen,
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Gui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan Li, ; Mengqing Chen,
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12
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The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 in Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112756. [PMID: 35681736 PMCID: PMC9179436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes an essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), and it promotes the occurrence of immunosuppressive effects by regulating the consumption of Trp and the accumulation of Kyn in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have shown that the main cellular components of TME interact with each other through this pathway to promote the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the role of the immunosuppression mechanisms mediated by the IDO1 pathway in tumor growth. We discuss obstacles encountered in using IDO1 as a new tumor immunotherapy target, as well as the current clinical research progress.
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13
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Shepherd DJ, Tabb ES, Kunitoki K, Zhang ML, Kem M, Barth J, Qualls DA, Mooradian MJ, Gainor JF, Mino-Kenudson M, Hung YP. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 in non-small-cell lung carcinomas: correlations with clinicopathologic features and prognostic significance. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:615-624. [PMID: 34880448 PMCID: PMC9050756 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) modulates the tumor microenvironment through immunosuppressive effects. Its associations with clinicopathologic parameters and prognostic significance in non-small-cell lung carcinomas remain unclear. We examined LAG-3 expression in 368 resected non-small-cell lung carcinomas (including 218 adenocarcinomas and 150 squamous-cell carcinomas) using tissue microarrays, with normalization to CD8+ T-cell count (LAG-3/CD8 index), and correlated LAG-3, CD8, and LAG-3/CD8 index with clinicopathologic features, molecular status, and survival. LAG-3 expression in the immune cells (ranged 0.35-540.1 cells/mm²) was identified in 92% of non-small-cell lung carcinomas. In adenocarcinomas and squamous-cell carcinomas, LAG-3 expression correlated with CD8+ T-cell count and PD-L1 expression. In adenocarcinomas, high LAG-3 expression (defined as >median) was additionally associated with smoking history, high T stage, aggressive pathologic features (solid-predominant histologic pattern, lymphovascular invasion, and nodal metastasis), and lack of EGFR mutation. In the entire resected tumor cohort and in adenocarcinomas, high LAG-3 and LAG-3/CD8 index were each associated with worse overall survival. In squamous-cell carcinomas, high CD8 was associated with better overall survival. In an exploratory analysis of pretreatment samples from advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients treated with pembrolizumab, high CD8 was predictive of improved overall and progression-free survival, while high LAG-3, but not high LAG-3/CD8 index, was associated with improved progression-free survival. In conclusion, the clinicopathologic correlations and prognostic impact of LAG-3 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma are histotype-dependent, highlighting differences in the immune microenvironment between adenocarcinomas and squamous-cell carcinomas. The predictive impact of LAG-3 warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth S. Tabb
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keiko Kunitoki
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Lisa Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Kem
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Jaimie Barth
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - David A. Qualls
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan J. Mooradian
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin F. Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yin P. Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Fan T, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang L, Tian H, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xue L, Li C, He J. Transmembrane Protein-Based Risk Model and H3K4me3 Modification Characteristics in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828814. [PMID: 35392225 PMCID: PMC8980838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) in tumorigenesis remain unclear. Based on 4 independent cohorts containing 1,208 cases, we identified 3 TMEMs (TMEM273, TMEM164, and TMEM125), which were used to construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of LUAD. The two patterns based on the risk score exhibited a high degree of consistency with the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and epigenetic distribution. Patients with a low-risk score, characterized by an increased activation of immunity, H3K4me3 modification, tumor cell apoptosis, chemokine secretion, and TMB, had better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Obvious immunosuppression, increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a low H3K4me3 level, shortened cell cycle, and accelerated cell division manifested in high-risk patients, with poorer DFS and OS. The model showed a better prognostic value than the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score. Correlation analysis told us that patients with high scores were suitable for treatment with CD276 inhibitors for their higher levels of CD276 expression. The risk score had a strong negative correlation with HAVCR2 and ICOS among patients with EGFR-WT, KRAS-WT, STK11-WT, or TP53-MUT, and patients with these mutation types with low scores were suitable for treatment with HAVCR2 or ICOS inhibitors. This work comprehensively analyzed the role and mechanism of TMEMs in LUAD and revealed the characteristics of histone methylation modification. The TMEM-based signature gave us deep insight into immune cell infiltration profiles and provided an individualized immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhong W, Yang M, Cheng S, Hou W, Wang B, Chen J, Yu H, Ouyang Y, Wang X, Ou Z, Xu P, Li X, Zhou L, Huang J, Wang C, Lin T. Identification of an IDO1-based immune classifier for survival prediction of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:852-863. [PMID: 34962030 PMCID: PMC8898711 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited response rate of immunotherapy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) might be attributed to additional immunosuppressive mechanisms in vivo. As a promising immune checkpoint target, the expression and prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in UTUC remains unknown. In this study, the expression and prognostic value of IDO1 was analyzed in 251 patients from 3 independent cohorts. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to construct an IDO1‐based immune classifier and external validation was performed to further validate the classifier. RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence were used to explore the immune contexture of different risk groups stratified by classifier. We found that high IDO1 expression on tumor cells (TC) indicated a poorer overall survival and disease‐free survival in all cohorts. Patients with high expression of IDO1 TC possessed increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ and Foxp3+ T cells. An immune classifier based on intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes, IDO1 TC, and stromal PD‐L1 expression status was developed, with its area under the curves (AUCs) values for overall survival at 5 y being 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65‐0.93) in the discovery cohort, 0.75 (95% CI 0.58‐0.92) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.65‐0.92) in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. The high‐risk group stratified by the immune classifier was associated with immunosuppressive contexture, accompanied by enhanced CD8+ T cells exhaustion patterns. Our IDO1‐based immune classifier can provide a superior accuracy for survival prediction and lead to individual stratification of UTUC immune subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Sida Cheng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weibin Hou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Peiqi Xu
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases.,Kashgar Prefecture First People's Hospital of Kashi, Xinjiang, PR China
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16
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MiR-200c-3p maintains stemness and proliferative potential in adipose-derived stem cells by counteracting senescence mechanisms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257070. [PMID: 34534238 PMCID: PMC8448302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are promising therapeutic tools in regenerative medicine because they possess self-renewal, differentiation and immunomodulatory capacities. After isolation, ASCs are passaged multiple times in vitro passages to obtain a sufficient amount of cells for clinical applications. During this time-consuming procedure, ASCs become senescent and less proliferative, compromising their clinical efficacy. Here, we sought to investigate how in vitro passages impact ASC proliferation/senescence and expression of immune regulatory proteins. MicroRNAs are pivotal regulators of ASC physiology. Particularly, miR-200c is known to maintain pluripotency and targets the immune checkpoint Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). We therefore investigated its involvement in these critical characteristics of ASCs during in vitro passages. We found that when transiently expressed, miR-200c-3p promotes proliferation, maintains stemness, and contrasts senescence in late passaged ASCs. Additionally, this miRNA modulates PD-L1 and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO1) expression, thus most likely interfering with the immunoregulatory capacity of ASCs. Based on our results, we suggest that expression of miR-200c-3p may prime ASC towards a self-renewing phenotype by improving their in vitro expansion. Contrarily, its inhibition is associated with senescence, reduced proliferation and induction of immune regulators. Our data underline the potential use of miR-200c-3p as a switch for ASCs reprogramming and their clinical application.
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17
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Tumor microenvironment in giant cell tumor of bone: evaluation of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα infiltration after denosumab treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14821. [PMID: 34285260 PMCID: PMC8292371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate malignant bone tumor that is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes. Denosumab, which is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, can be used to treat GCTB. We focused on potential immunotherapy for GCTB and investigated the tumor microenvironment of GCTB. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemical studies of 137 tumor tissues from 96 patients. Of the naive primary specimens, 28% exhibited PD-L1 expression and 39% exhibited IDO1 expression. There was significantly more SIRPα+, FOXP3+, and CD8+ cell infiltration in PD-L1- and IDO1-positive tumors than in PD-L1- and IDO1-negative tumors. The frequency of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα+ cell infiltration in recurrent lesions treated with denosumab was significantly higher than in primary lesions and recurrent lesions not treated with denosumab. PD-L1 expression and higher SIRPα+ cell infiltration were significantly correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival. PD-L1 and SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide clinical benefit in GCTB patients with recurrent lesions after denosumab therapy.
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18
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Kovaleva OV, Rashidova MA, Samoilova DV, Podlesnaya PA, Tabiev RM, Mochalnikova VV, Gratchev A. CHID1 Is a Novel Prognostic Marker of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010450. [PMID: 33466316 PMCID: PMC7795388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for identification of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we evaluated immune cells markers in 100 NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no prognostic value for the markers studied, except CD163 and CD206. At the same time, macrophage markers iNOS and CHID1 were found to be expressed in tumor cells and associated with prognosis. We showed that high iNOS expression is a marker of favorable prognosis for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC), and NSCLC in general. Similarly, high CHID1 expression is a marker of good prognosis in adenocarcinoma and in NSCLC in general. Analysis of prognostic significance of a high CHID1/iNOS expression combination showed favorable prognosis with 20 months overall survival of patients from the low CHID1/iNOS expression group. For the first time, we demonstrated that CHID1 can be expressed by NSCLC cells and its high expression is a marker of good prognosis for adenocarcinoma and NSCLC in general. At the same time, high expression of iNOS in tumor cells is a marker of good prognosis in SCC. When used in combination, CHID1 and iNOS show a very good prognostic capacity for NSCLC. We suggest that in the case of lung cancer, tumor-associated macrophages are likely ineffective as a therapeutic target. At the same time, macrophage markers expressed by tumor cells may be considered as targets for anti-tumor therapy or, as in the case of CHID1, as potential anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kovaleva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Madina A. Rashidova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Daria V. Samoilova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Polina A. Podlesnaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Rasul M. Tabiev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology—MVA named after K.I. Scriabin, 23 Academika Scriabina St., 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria V. Mochalnikova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (M.A.R.); (D.V.S.); (P.A.P.); (R.M.T.); (V.V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-906-736-1869
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Abstract
Anti-PD-(L)1 therapy represents a turning point in lung cancer immunotherapy, moving from previously ineffective enhancer strategies to immune checkpoints as standard first- and second-line therapies. This unprecedented success highlights the importance of mechanisms to escape immune attack, such PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and emphasize the importance to better understand the tumor immune microenvironment. Analyzing the specifics of immune response against lung tumor cells and how malignant cells progressively adapt to this pressure may help to understand which are the key aspects to guide the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we review the past and present of clinical lung cancer immunotherapy and give a perspective for the future development based on emerging biological insights.
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Chen D, Mao Y, Ding Q, Wang W, Zhu F, Chen C, Chen Y. Prognostic implications of programmed death ligand 1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:888-898. [PMID: 32596715 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conflicting results have been reported about the prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein and gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We performed a comprehensive online search to explore the association between PD-L1 expression (protein and messenger RNA) and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival. Outcomes also included pooled rates of high PD-L1 protein expression in different cell types, per threshold used and per antibody used. A pooled gene expression analysis was also performed on 3 transcriptomic data sets that were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RESULTS A total of 6488 patients from 25 studies were included. The pooled results suggested that high PD-L1 expression was associated with shorter OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57; P < 0.001] and disease-free survival (HR 1.341; P = 0.037) in the overall population. The overall pooled rate of high PD-L1 protein expression was 29% (95% confidence interval 23-34%) in tumour cells. In subgroup analysis, high PD-L1 protein expression in tumour cells predicted worse OS and disease-free survival. A pooled analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data sets revealed that higher levels of PD-L1 messenger RNA predicted poorer OS in the entire population. CONCLUSIONS This study is, to our knowledge, the largest pooled analysis on the subject to shed light on the high expression rate of PD-L1 and the prognostic value of high PD-L1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinomas. PD-L1 gene expression is a promising prognostic factor for patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Standardization of staining should be underscored prior to routine implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Sui S, An X, Xu C, Li Z, Hua Y, Huang G, Sui S, Long Q, Sui Y, Xiong Y, Ntim M, Guo W, Chen M, Li M, Xiao X, Deng W. An immune cell infiltration-based immune score model predicts prognosis and chemotherapy effects in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11938-11949. [PMID: 33204321 PMCID: PMC7667685 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune cells have essential auxiliary functions and influence clinical outcomes in cancer, with high immune infiltration being associated with improved clinical outcomes and better response to treatment in breast cancer (BC). However, studies to date have not fully considered the tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) landscape in tumors. This study investigated potential biomarkers based on TIICs to improve prognosis and treatment effect in BC. Results: We enrolled 5112 patients for analysis and used cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), a new computational algorithm, to quantify 22 TIICs in primary BC. From the results of univariate Cox regression, 12 immune cells were determined to be significantly related to the overall survival (OS) of BC patients. Furthermore, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to construct an immune prognostic model based on six potential biomarkers. By dividing patients into low- and high-risk groups, a significant distinction in OS was found in the training cohort, with 20-year survival rates of 42.6% and 26.3%, respectively. Applying a similar protocol to validation and test cohorts, we found that OS was significantly shorter in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, regardless of the molecular subtype of BC. Using the immune score model to predict the effect of BC patients to chemotherapy, the survival advantage for the low-risk group was evident among those who received chemotherapy, regardless of the chemotherapy regimen. In evaluating the predictive value of the nomogram, a decision curve showed better predictive accuracy than the standard tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. Conclusion: The immune cell infiltration-based immune score model can be effectively and efficiently used to predict the prognosis of BC patients as well as the effect of chemotherapy.
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22
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Liebler DC, Holzer TR, Haragan A, Morrison RD, O'Neill Reising L, Ackermann BL, Fill JA, Schade AE, Gruver AM. Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Drug Targets and Tumor Proteotypes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9805. [PMID: 32555523 PMCID: PMC7300007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutics targeting immune checkpoint proteins have significantly advanced treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but protein level quantitation of drug targets presents a critical problem. We used multiplexed, targeted mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify immunotherapy target proteins PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, IDO1, LAG3, TIM3, ICOSLG, VISTA, GITR, and CD40 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MS measurements for PD-L1 were weakly correlated, but IHC did not distinguish protein abundance differences detected by MS. PD-L2 abundance exceeded PD-L1 in over half the specimens and the drug target proteins all displayed different abundance patterns. mRNA correlated with protein abundance only for PD-1, PD-L1, and IDO1 and tumor mutation burden did not predict abundance of any protein targets. Global proteome analyses identified distinct proteotypes associated with high PD-L1-expressing and high IDO1-expressing NSCLC. MS quantification of multiple drug targets and tissue proteotypes can improve clinical evaluation of immunotherapies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy R Holzer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Haragan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jeff A Fill
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew E Schade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron M Gruver
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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23
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Papadaki MA, Sotiriou AI, Vasilopoulou C, Filika M, Aggouraki D, Tsoulfas PG, Apostolopoulou CA, Rounis K, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. Optimization of the Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Phenotypic Analysis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061556. [PMID: 32545559 PMCID: PMC7352396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed at the optimization of circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment for downstream protein expression analyses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to serve as a tool for the investigation of immune checkpoints in real time. Different enrichment approaches—ficoll density, erythrolysis, their combination with magnetic separation, ISET, and Parsortix—were compared in spiking experiments using the A549, H1975, and SKMES-1 NSCLC cell lines. The most efficient methods were tested in patients (n = 15) receiving immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Samples were immunofluorescently stained for a) cytokeratins (CK)/epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)/leukocyte common antigen (CD45), and b) CK/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/ indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Ficoll, ISET, and Parsortix presented the highest yields and compatibility with phenotypic analysis; however, at the patient level, they provided discordant CTC positivity (13%, 33%, and 60% of patients, respectively) and enriched for distinct CTC populations. IDO and PD-L1 were expressed in 44% and 33% and co-expressed in 19% of CTCs. CTC detection was associated with progressive disease (PD) (p = 0.006), reduced progression-free survival PFS (p = 0.007), and increased risk of relapse (hazard ratio; HR: 10.733; p = 0.026). IDO-positive CTCs were associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.039) and overall survival OS (p = 0.021) and increased risk of death (HR: 5.462; p = 0.039). The current study indicates that CTC analysis according to distinct immune checkpoints is feasible and may provide valuable biomarkers to monitor NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Afroditi I Sotiriou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Christina Vasilopoulou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Filika
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Despoina Aggouraki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Panormitis G Tsoulfas
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Christina A Apostolopoulou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Rounis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece;
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece; (M.A.P.); (A.I.S.); (C.V.); (M.F.); (D.A.); (P.G.T.); (C.A.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Vassilika Vouton, Crete, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810394712
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24
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Mandarano M, Bellezza G, Belladonna ML, Vannucci J, Gili A, Ferri I, Lupi C, Ludovini V, Falabella G, Metro G, Mondanelli G, Chiari R, Cagini L, Stracci F, Roila F, Puma F, Volpi C, Sidoni A. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 Immunohistochemical Expression in Resected Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Potential New Prognostic Tool. Front Immunol 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32536910 PMCID: PMC7267213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is an analog of the tryptophan degrading and immunomodulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Although the role of IDO1 is largely understood, the function of IDO2 is not yet well-elucidated. IDO2 overexpression was documented in some human tumors, but the linkage between IDO2 expression and cancer progression is still unclear, in particular in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical expression and cellular localization of IDO2 was evaluated on 191 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded resected NSCLC. Correlations between IDO2 expression, clinical-pathological data, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immunosuppressive tumor molecules (IDO1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 – PD-L1 –) and patients' prognosis were evaluated. IDO2 high expression is strictly related to high PD-L1 level among squamous cell carcinomas group (p = 0.012), to either intratumoral or mixed localization of TILs (p < 0.001) and to adenocarcinoma histotype (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation between IDO2 high expression and poor non-small cell lung cancer prognosis was detected (p = 0.011). The current study reaches interesting knowledge about IDO2 in non-small cell lung cancer. The close relationship between IDO2 expression, PD-L1 increased levels, TILs localization and NSCLC poor prognosis, assumed IDO2 as a potential prognostic biomarker to be exploited for optimizing innovative combined therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mandarano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Belladonna
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Gili
- Section of Public Health, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Vienna Ludovini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Falabella
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Chiari
- Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti Padova sud, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucio Cagini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Section of Public Health, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Umbria Cancer Registry, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fausto Roila
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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25
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Wu X, Ke X, Ni Y, Kuang L, Zhang F, Lin Y, Lin W, Xiong X, Huang H, Lin X, Zhang H. Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and PD-L1 as Prognostic Biomarkers in Primary Esophageal Small Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8884683. [PMID: 33457428 PMCID: PMC7785377 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8884683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (PESCC) is a weakly prevalent but lethal malignancy with early metastasis and a poor prognosis. Currently, neither effective prognostic indicators nor curative therapies are available for PESCC. Immunotherapy has now evolved into one of the most promising therapies for cancer patients. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells which are integral to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are recognized as highly important for prognosis prediction, while the responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade may be subject to the features of TIME. In this study, we aim to identify the TIME and provide indication for the applicability of immune checkpoint therapy in PESCC. We found that PD-L1 expression was detected in 33.33% (27/81) of all the patients, mostly exhibiting a stroma-only pattern and that it was positively associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD4+, CD8+, and CD163+). In 74.07% of PD-L1-positive specimens, PD-L1+CD163+ cells were colocalized more with CD4+ than CD8+ T cells. 83.95% (68/81) of all the specimens were infiltrated with more CD4+ than CD8+ T cells. Further analysis showed FoxP3+ Tregs constituted 13-27% of the total CD4+ T cell population. The Kaplan--Meier analysis indicated several factors that contribute to poor survival, including negative PD-L1 expression, rich CD4 expression, rich FoxP3 expression, a low CD8/CD4 ratio, and a high FoxP3/CD8 ratio. A nomogram model was constructed and showed good performance for survival prediction. These results highlight that a suppressive TIME contributes to poor survival of patients with PESCC. TIME analyses might be a promising approach to evaluate the possibility and effect of immune checkpoint-based immunotherapeutics in PESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yangpeng Ni
- Department of Pathology, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University), Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Kuang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjie Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is metabolized via the kynurenine and serotonin pathways, leading to the generation of biologically active compounds, such as serotonin, melatonin and niacin. In addition to endogenous TRP metabolism, resident gut microbiota also contributes to the production of specific TRP metabolites and indirectly influences host physiology. The variety of physiologic functions regulated by TRP reflects the complex pattern of diseases associated with altered homeostasis. Indeed, an imbalance in the synthesis of TRP metabolites has been associated with pathophysiologic mechanisms occurring in neurologic and psychiatric disorders, in chronic immune activation and in the immune escape of cancer. In this chapter, the role of TRP metabolism in health and disease is presented. Disorders involving the central nervous system, malignancy, inflammatory bowel and cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comai
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonella Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Brughera
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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27
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Yang X, Shi Y, Li M, Lu T, Xi J, Lin Z, Jiang W, Guo W, Zhan C, Wang Q. Identification and validation of an immune cell infiltrating score predicting survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:217. [PMID: 31286969 PMCID: PMC6615164 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune infiltration may predict survival and have clinical significance in lung cancer. However, immune signatures derived from immune profiling based on bulk tumor transcriptomes have not been systematically established in lung adenocarcinoma. We aimed to construct an immune cell infiltrating score, using a new algorithm for evaluating immune infiltration, to improve the prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Public datasets of lung adenocarcinoma from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas were adopted as the training and validation cohorts. Fractions of different immune cell subtypes in each sample were estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The immune infiltrating score was further developed by a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model. The prognostic value and clinical relationship of the model was then further explored. RESULTS An immune infiltrating score model was established on the basis of the immune cells in the training cohort. A high score was associated with significantly worse survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). The prognostic value of the score was confirmed in the validation cohort. The immune infiltrating score could improve the accuracy of predictions of survival when combined with the staging system. Furthermore, the score was potentially associated with patient smoking status and histologic subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Its possible association with the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The immune cell infiltrating score has prognostic significance in predicting overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weigang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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