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Cunha Silva L, Branco F, Cunha J, Vitorino C, Gomes C, Carrascal MA, Falcão A, Miguel Neves B, Teresa Cruz M. The potential of exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 203:114460. [PMID: 39218361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands for the most common and aggressive type of brain tumour in adults. It is highly invasive, which explains its short rate of survival. Little is known about its risk factors, and current therapy is still ineffective. Hence, efforts are underway to develop novel and effective treatment approaches against this type of cancer. Exosomes are being explored as a promising strategy for conveying and delivering therapeutic cargo to GBM cells. They can fuse with the GBM cell membrane and, consequently, serve as delivery systems in this context. Due to their nanoscale size, exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which constitutes a significant hurdle to most chemotherapeutic drugs used against GBM. They can subsequently inhibit oncogenes, activate tumour suppressor genes, induce immune responses, and control cell growth. However, despite representing a promising tool for the treatment of GBM, further research and clinical studies regarding exosome biology, engineering, and clinical applications still need to be completed. Here, we sought to review the application of exosomes in the treatment of GBM through an in-depth analysis of the scientific and clinical studies on the entire process, from the isolation and purification of exosomes to their design and transformation into anti-oncogenic drug delivery systems. Surface modification of exosomes to enhance BBB penetration and GBM-cell targeting is also a topic of discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Cunha Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Francisco Branco
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Joana Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004 535, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-504, Portugal
| | - Mylène A Carrascal
- Tecnimede Group, Sintra 2710-089, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
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Veeramachaneni RK, Suter RK, Rowland E, Jermakowicz A, Ayad NG. Glutaminase 2 as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189182. [PMID: 39293549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary adult brain tumor. Despite standard-of-care treatment, which consists of surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, and radiotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor with a five-year survival rate of 5 %. With treatment, the median survival time is 14 months, suggesting the dire need for new, more effective therapies. Glutaminolysis, the metabolic pathway by which cells can convert glutamine to ATP, is essential for the survival of GBM cells and represents a putative target for treatment. Glutamine replenishes tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates through glutaminolysis. The first step of glutaminolysis, the deamination of glutamine, can be carried out by either glutaminase 1 (GLS) or glutaminase 2 (GLS2). However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these enzymes have opposing functions in GBM; GLS induces deamination of glutamine, thereby acting in an oncogenic fashion, while GLS2 has non-enzymatic, tumor-suppressive functions that are repressed in GBM. In this review, we explore the important role of glutaminolysis and the opposing roles of GLS and GLS2 in GBM. Further, we provide a detailed discussion of GLS2's newly discovered non-enzymatic functions that can be targeted in GBM. We conclude by considering therapeutic approaches that have emerged from the understanding of GLS and GLS2's opposing roles in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik K Veeramachaneni
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert K Suter
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emma Rowland
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Jermakowicz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Hwang YK, Lee DH, Lee EC, Oh JS. Importance of Autophagy Regulation in Glioblastoma with Temozolomide Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:1332. [PMID: 39195222 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant and CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation of autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, has been found to play an important role in GBM pathogenesis and response to therapy. Autophagy plays a dual role in promoting tumor survival and apoptosis, and here we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and GBM. We summarize the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which is most active in brain tumors, and EGFR and mutant EGFRvIII. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy for the treatment of GBM, such as autophagy inhibitors used in combination with the standard of care, TMZ. We discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is involved in TMZ resistance and its role in glioblastoma development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Hwang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Geng Z, Mu C, Qiu Y, Tang Y, Su M, Tang C, Zhang L. High expression of COPZ2 is associated with poor prognosis and cancer progression in glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1438135. [PMID: 39144445 PMCID: PMC11323394 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1438135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coatomer protein complex zeta 2 (COPZ2) is a member of heptameric coatomer protein complex I and has been reported to be involved in various tumors. However, COPZ2's potential involvement in glioma remains to be explored. Methods The COPZ2 expression and related clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TIMER2.0 and the Ualcan database were utilized to assess the COPZ2 expression in various tumors. Univariable, multivariate Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier methods, nomogram analysis, and ROC curve analysis were carried out to assess the relationship of COPZ2 and other prognostic factors with glioma. The LinkedOmics database was used to predict the potential biological mechanism of COPZ2 in glioma. We also conducted in vitro experiments to evaluate the functional role and mechanism of COPZ2 in glioma cell lines. Results We found that COPZ2 was highly expressed in glioma and it was associated with age and WHO grades. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox analysis, nomogram analysis, and ROC curve showed that COPZ2 was a disadvantageous factor in poor glioma prognosis. The functions of COPZ2 and co-expression genes were significantly associated with neutrophil-mediated immunity, granulocyte activation, and response to interferon-gamma. In addition, COPZ2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, COPZ2 suppressed tumor development by participating in the regulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the elevation of COPZ2 was associated with the prognosis and progression of glioma, and it might be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiang Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyu Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Beccari S, Mohamed E, Voong V, Hilz S, Lafontaine M, Shai A, Lim Y, Martinez J, Switzman B, Yu RL, Lupo JM, Chang EF, Hervey-Jumper SL, Berger MS, Costello JF, Phillips JJ. Quantitative Assessment of Preanalytic Variables on Clinical Evaluation of PI3/AKT/mTOR Signaling Activity in Diffuse Glioma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100488. [PMID: 38588881 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Biomarker-driven therapeutic clinical trials require the implementation of standardized, evidence-based practices for sample collection. In diffuse glioma, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase/AKT/mTOR (PI3/AKT/mTOR) signaling is an attractive therapeutic target for which window-of-opportunity clinical trials could facilitate the identification of promising new agents. Yet, the relevant preanalytic variables and optimal tumor sampling methods necessary to measure pathway activity are unknown. To address this, we used a murine model for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) and human tumor tissue, including IDH-wildtype GBM and IDH-mutant diffuse glioma. First, we determined the impact of delayed time-to-formalin fixation, or cold ischemia time (CIT), on the quantitative assessment of cellular expression of 6 phosphoproteins that are readouts of PI3K/AK/mTOR activity (phosphorylated-proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (p-PRAS40, T246), -mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR; S2448); -AKT (p-AKT, S473); -ribosomal protein S6 (p-RPS6, S240/244 and S235/236), and -eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1, T37/46). With CITs ≥ 2 hours, typical of routine clinical handling, all had reduced or altered expression with p-RPS6 (S240/244) exhibiting relatively greater stability. A similar pattern was observed using patient tumor samples from the operating room with p-4EBP1 more sensitive to delayed fixation than p-RPS6 (S240/244). Many clinical trials utilize unstained slides for biomarker evaluation. Thus, we evaluated the impact of slide storage conditions on the detection of p-RPS6 (S240/244), p-4EBP1, and p-AKT. After 5 months, storage at -80°C was required to preserve the expression of p-4EBP1 and p-AKT, whereas p-RPS6 (240/244) expression was not stable regardless of storage temperature. Biomarker heterogeneity impacts optimal tumor sampling. Quantification of p-RPS6 (240/244) expression in multiple regionally distinct human tumor samples from 8 patients revealed significant intratumoral heterogeneity. Thus, the accurate assessment of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in diffuse glioma must overcome intratumoral heterogeneity and multiple preanalytic factors, including time-to-formalin fixation, slide storage conditions, and phosphoprotein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Beccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Esraa Mohamed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Viva Voong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephanie Hilz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Marisa Lafontaine
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anny Shai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yunita Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jerry Martinez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin Switzman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ryon L Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shawn L Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Zoi V, Kyritsis AP, Galani V, Lazari D, Sioka C, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. The Role of Curcumin in Cancer: A Focus on the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1554. [PMID: 38672636 PMCID: PMC11048628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic options, most available anti-cancer agents have limited efficacy. In this context, natural compounds with diverse chemical structures have been investigated for their multimodal anti-cancer properties. Curcumin is a polyphenol isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa and has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. Curcumin acts on the regulation of different aspects of cancer development, including initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and progression. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is a key target in cancer therapy, since it is implicated in initiation, proliferation, and cancer cell survival. Curcumin has been found to inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway in tumor cells, primarily via the regulation of different key mediators, including growth factors, protein kinases, and cytokines. This review presents the therapeutic potential of curcumin in different malignancies, such as glioblastoma, prostate and breast cancer, and head and neck cancers, through the targeting of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zoi
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Galani
- Department of Anatomy Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrissa Sioka
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyridon Voulgaris
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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Dogra N, Singh P, Kumar A. A Multistep In Silico Approach Identifies Potential Glioblastoma Drug Candidates via Inclusive Molecular Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04139-y. [PMID: 38619743 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest grade of glioma for which no effective therapy is currently available. Despite extensive research in diagnosis and therapy, there has been no significant improvement in GBM outcomes, with a median overall survival continuing at a dismal 15-18 months. In recent times, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been identified as crucial drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence, and GBM therapies targeting GSCs are expected to improve patient outcomes. We used a multistep in silico screening strategy to identify repurposed candidate drugs against selected therapeutic molecular targets in GBM with potential to concomitantly target GSCs. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through analysis of multiple GBM and GSC datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For identification of target genes, we selected the genes with most significant effect on overall patient survival. The relative mRNA and protein expression of the selected genes in TCGA control versus GBM samples was also validated and their cancer dependency scores were assessed. Drugs targeting these genes and their corresponding proteins were identified from LINCS database using Connectivity Map (CMap) portal and by in silico molecular docking against each individual target using FDA-approved drug library from the DrugBank database, respectively. The molecules thus obtained were further evaluated for their ability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and their likelihood of resulting in drug resistance by acting as p-glycoprotein (p-Gp) substrates. The growth inhibitory effect of these final shortlisted compounds was examined on a panel of GBM cell lines and compared with temozolomide through the drug sensitivity EC50 values and AUC from the PRISM Repurposing Secondary Screen, and the IC50 values were obtained from GDSC portal. We identified RPA3, PSMA2, PSMC2, BLVRA, and HUS1 as molecular targets in GBM including GSCs with significant impact on patient survival. Our results show GSK-2126458/omipalisib, linifanib, drospirenone, eltrombopag, nilotinib, and PD198306 as candidate drugs which can be further evaluated for their anti-tumor potential against GBM. Through this work, we identified repurposed candidate therapeutics against GBM utilizing a GSC inclusive targeting approach, which demonstrated high in vitro efficacy and can prospectively evade drug resistance. These drugs have the potential to be developed as individual or combination therapy to improve GBM outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilambra Dogra
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Parminder Singh
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Sumorek-Wiadro J, Zając A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Rzeski W, Jakubowicz-Gil J. Furanocoumarins as Enhancers of Antitumor Potential of Sorafenib and LY294002 toward Human Glioma Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:759. [PMID: 38255833 PMCID: PMC10815922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are naturally occurring compounds in the plant world, characterized by low molecular weight, simple chemical structure, and high solubility in most organic solvents. Additionally, they have a broad spectrum of activity, and their properties depend on the location and type of attached substituents. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the anticancer activity of furanocoumarins (imperatorin, isoimperatorin, bergapten, and xanthotoxin) in relation to human glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) and anaplastic astrocytoma (MOGGCCM) cell lines. The tested compounds were used for the first time in combination with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and sorafenib (Raf inhibitor). Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis were identified microscopically after straining with Hoechst 33342, acridine orange, and propidium iodide, respectively. The levels of caspase 3 and Beclin 1 were estimated by immunoblotting and for the blocking of Raf and PI3K kinases, the transfection with specific siRNA was used. The scratch test was used to assess the migration potential of glioma cells. Our studies showed that the anticancer activity of furanocoumarins strictly depended on the presence, type, and location of substituents. The obtained results suggest that achieving higher pro-apoptotic activity is determined by the presence of an isoprenyl moiety at the C8 position of the coumarin skeleton. In both anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, imperatorin was the most effective in induction apoptosis. Furthermore, the usage of imperatorin, alone and in combination with sorafenib or LY294002, decreased the migratory potential of MOGGCCM and T98G cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.-W.); (A.Z.); (W.R.)
| | - Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.-W.); (A.Z.); (W.R.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.-W.); (A.Z.); (W.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.-W.); (A.Z.); (W.R.)
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9
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Kumari S, Kumar P. Identification and characterization of putative biomarkers and therapeutic axis in Glioblastoma multiforme microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236271. [PMID: 37538397 PMCID: PMC10395518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-cellular secretory components, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in the tumor microenvironment, are often dysregulated, impacting tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microenvironment, where the prognostic significance of the current treatment remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of post-translational modifications (PTM) and their respective enzymes, such as acetylation and ubiquitination in GBM etiology through modulating signaling events. However, the relationship between non-cellular secretory components and post-translational modifications will create a research void in GBM therapeutics. Therefore, we aim to bridge the gap between non-cellular secretory components and PTM modifications through machine learning and computational biology approaches. Herein, we highlighted the importance of BMP1, CTSB, LOX, LOXL1, PLOD1, MMP9, SERPINE1, and SERPING1 in GBM etiology. Further, we demonstrated the positive relationship between the E2 conjugating enzymes (Ube2E1, Ube2H, Ube2J2, Ube2C, Ube2J2, and Ube2S), E3 ligases (VHL and GNB2L1) and substrate (HIF1A). Additionally, we reported the novel HAT1-induced acetylation sites of Ube2S (K211) and Ube2H (K8, K52). Structural and functional characterization of Ube2S (8) and Ube2H (1) have identified their association with protein kinases. Lastly, our results found a putative therapeutic axis HAT1-Ube2S(K211)-GNB2L1-HIF1A and potential predictive biomarkers (CTSB, HAT1, Ube2H, VHL, and GNB2L1) that play a critical role in GBM pathogenesis.
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Yun EJ, Kim D, Kim S, Hsieh JT, Baek ST. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin-mediated upregulation of oncogenic NLGN3 suppresses cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:423. [PMID: 37443071 PMCID: PMC10344874 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant tumor in brain and is highly resistant to therapy. Clinical evidence suggests increased number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to the failure of conventional therapies, but the mechanisms associated with acquisition of CSC properties in GBM are not fully understood. We found that DAB2IP suppresses CSC properties by targeting the synaptic proteins neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) in GBM. Furthermore, we showed that GBM-derived NLGN3 has an oncogenic function by inducing CSC properties within GBM. Moreover, elevated NLGN3 transcription mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway resulted in increased secretion of NLGN3 into the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Both condition media containing NLGN3 and recombinant NLGN3 transformed neighboring cells to CSCs, suggesting NLGN3 as a critical component inducing CSC properties. Furthermore, targeting NLGN3-bearing CSCs using upstream Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors synergistically enhances the efficacy of conventional treatment. Hence, we unveiled the series of regulatory mechanisms for acquisition of CSC properties in GBM progression by Wnt/β-catenin-mediated NLGN3. These results may provide a new targeting strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Yun
- POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Dal Bo M, Polano M, Ius T, Di Cintio F, Mondello A, Manini I, Pegolo E, Cesselli D, Di Loreto C, Skrap M, Toffoli G. Machine learning to improve interpretability of clinical, radiological and panel-based genomic data of glioma grade 4 patients undergoing surgical resection. J Transl Med 2023; 21:450. [PMID: 37420248 PMCID: PMC10329348 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma grade 4 (GG4) tumors, including astrocytoma IDH-mutant grade 4 and the astrocytoma IDH wt are the most common and aggressive primary tumors of the central nervous system. Surgery followed by Stupp protocol still remains the first-line treatment in GG4 tumors. Although Stupp combination can prolong survival, prognosis of treated adult patients with GG4 still remains unfavorable. The introduction of innovative multi-parametric prognostic models may allow refinement of prognosis of these patients. Here, Machine Learning (ML) was applied to investigate the contribution in predicting overall survival (OS) of different available data (e.g. clinical data, radiological data, or panel-based sequencing data such as presence of somatic mutations and amplification) in a mono-institutional GG4 cohort. METHODS By next-generation sequencing, using a panel of 523 genes, we performed analysis of copy number variations and of types and distribution of nonsynonymous mutations in 102 cases including 39 carmustine wafer (CW) treated cases. We also calculated tumor mutational burden (TMB). ML was applied using eXtreme Gradient Boosting for survival (XGBoost-Surv) to integrate clinical and radiological information with genomic data. RESULTS By ML modeling (concordance (c)- index = 0.682 for the best model), the role of predicting OS of radiological parameters including extent of resection, preoperative volume and residual volume was confirmed. An association between CW application and longer OS was also showed. Regarding gene mutations, a role in predicting OS was defined for mutations of BRAF and of other genes involved in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, an association between high TMB and shorter OS was suggested. Consistently, when a cutoff of 1.7 mutations/megabase was applied, cases with higher TMB showed significantly shorter OS than cases with lower TMB. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of tumor volumetric data, somatic gene mutations and TBM in predicting OS of GG4 patients was defined by ML modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Polano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and Neuroscience Department, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cintio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessia Mondello
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ivana Manini
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Pegolo
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and Neuroscience Department, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
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12
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Nelson TA, Dietrich J. Investigational treatment strategies in glioblastoma: progress made and barriers to success. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:921-930. [PMID: 37796104 PMCID: PMC10764117 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2267982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDHwt), remains an incurable disease despite considerable research effort. The current standard of care since 2005 comprises maximal safe resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide; more recently, the addition of tumor treating fields was approved in the newly diagnosed and recurrent disease settings. AREAS COVERED Searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov provided a foundation for this review. We first describe early research including carmustine wafers, brachytherapy, anti-angiogenesis, and immune checkpoint inhibition for glioblastoma. Next, we discuss challenges precluding the translation of preclinical successes. This is followed by a description of promising treatments such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy as well as the recent qualified successes of cancer vaccinations. Non-immunotherapy trials are also highlighted, and ongoing or pending phase 2 and 3 clinical trials are codified in study tables. EXPERT OPINION Unfortunately, hundreds of trials, including of agents effective in systemic malignancy, have not drastically changed management of glioblastoma. This may reflect unique resistance mechanisms and highlights a need for multimodality treatments beyond surgery, radiation, and conventional chemotherapy. Novel techniques, such as those in the emerging field of cancer neuroscience, may help uncover tolerable and effective regimens for this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Nelson
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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13
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Smith J, Field M, Sugaya K. Suppression of NANOG Expression Reduces Drug Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1276. [PMID: 37372456 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor that harbors therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Due to the limited effectiveness of conventional chemotherapies and radiation treatments against CSCs, there is a critical need for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Our previous research revealed the significant expression of embryonic stemness genes, NANOG and OCT4, in CSCs, suggesting their role in enhancing cancer-specific stemness and drug resistance. In our current study, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress the expression of these genes and observed an increased susceptibility of CSCs to the anticancer drug, temozolomide (TMZ). Suppression of NANOG expression induced cell cycle arrest in CSCs, specifically in the G0 phase, and it concomitantly decreased the expression of PDK1. Since PDK1 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote cell proliferation and survival, our findings suggest that NANOG contributes to chemotherapy resistance in CSCs through PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Therefore, the combination of TMZ treatment with RNAi targeting NANOG holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonhoi Smith
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Melvin Field
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Orlando Neurosurgery, AdventHealth Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Kiminobu Sugaya
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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14
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Di Filippo LD, de Carvalho SG, Duarte JL, Luiz MT, Paes Dutra JA, de Paula GA, Chorilli M, Conde J. A receptor-mediated landscape of druggable and targeted nanomaterials for gliomas. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100671. [PMID: 37273792 PMCID: PMC10238751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of brain cancer, and among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent (about 60% of cases) and the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. The treatment of GBM is a major challenge due to the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, such as the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents and regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma, making many of the chemotherapeutics currently available not able to reach the brain in therapeutic concentrations, accumulating in non-target organs, and causing considerable adverse effects for the patient. In this scenario, nanocarriers emerge as tools capable of improving the brain bioavailability of chemotherapeutics, in addition to improving their biodistribution and enhancing their uptake in GBM cells. This is possible due to its nanometric size and surface modification strategies, which can actively target nanocarriers to elements overexpressed by GBM cells (such as transmembrane receptors) related to aggressive development, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. In this review, an overview of the most frequently overexpressed receptors in GBM cells and possible approaches to chemotherapeutic delivery and active targeting using nanocarriers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geanne Aparecida de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Montiel-Dávalos A, Ayala Y, Hernández G. The dark side of mRNA translation and the translation machinery in glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1086964. [PMID: 36994107 PMCID: PMC10042294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1086964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different types of cancer affecting the central nervous system (CNS), glioblastoma (GB) is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most common and aggressive CNS cancer in adults. GB incidence is more frequent among persons aged 45–55 years old. GB treatments are based on tumor resection, radiation, and chemotherapies. The current development of novel molecular biomarkers (MB) has led to a more accurate prediction of GB progression. Moreover, clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have established genetic variants consistently associated with the risk of suffering GB. However, despite the advances in these fields, the survival expectancy of GB patients is still shorter than 2 years. Thus, fundamental processes inducing tumor onset and progression remain to be elucidated. In recent years, mRNA translation has been in the spotlight, as its dysregulation is emerging as a key cause of GB. In particular, the initiation phase of translation is most involved in this process. Among the crucial events, the machinery performing this phase undergoes a reconfiguration under the hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been reported to play translation-independent roles in GB development. This review focuses on the research elucidating the tight relationship between translation initiation, the translation machinery, and GB. We also summarize the state-of-the-art drugs targeting the translation machinery to improve patients’ survival. Overall, the recent advances in this field are shedding new light on the dark side of translation in GB.
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16
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Decraene B, Vanmechelen M, Clement P, Daisne JF, Vanden Bempt I, Sciot R, Garg AD, Agostinis P, De Smet F, De Vleeschouwer S. Cellular and molecular features related to exceptional therapy response and extreme long-term survival in glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36776000 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis that rarely exceeds beyond 2 years despite extensive therapy, which consists of maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. Recently, it has become clear that GBM is not one homogeneous entity and that both intra-and intertumoral heterogeneity contributes significantly to differences in tumoral behavior which may consequently be responsible for differences in survival. Strikingly and in spite of its dismal prognosis, small fractions of GBM patients seem to display extremely long survival, defined as surviving over 10 years after diagnosis, compared to the large majority of patients. Although the underlying mechanisms for this peculiarity remain largely unknown, emerging data suggest that still poorly characterized both cellular and molecular factors of the tumor microenvironment and their interplay probably play an important role. We hereby give an extensive overview of what is yet known about these cellular and molecular features shaping extreme long survival in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Decraene
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy Research Group, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Clement
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J F Daisne
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Vanden Bempt
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Sciot
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A D Garg
- KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Agostinis
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F De Smet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S De Vleeschouwer
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy Research Group, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Alzahrani FA, Khan MF, Ahmad V. Recognition of Differentially Expressed Molecular Signatures and Pathways Associated with COVID-19 Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043562. [PMID: 36834974 PMCID: PMC9965082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of brain cancer that is typically very aggressive and difficult to treat. Glioblastoma cases have been reported to have increased during COVID-19. The mechanisms underlying this comorbidity, including genomic interactions, tumor differentiation, immune responses, and host defense, are not completely explained. Therefore, we intended to investigate the differentially expressed shared genes and therapeutic agents which are significant for these conditions by using in silico approaches. Gene expression datasets of GSE68848, GSE169158, and GSE4290 studies were collected and analyzed to identify the DEGs between the diseased and the control samples. Then, the ontology of the genes and the metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were carried out for the classified samples based on expression values. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) map were performed by STRING and fine-tuned by Cytoscape to screen the enriched gene module. In addition, the connectivity map was used for the prediction of potential drugs. As a result, 154 overexpressed and 234 under-expressed genes were identified as common DEGs. These genes were found to be significantly enriched in the pathways involved in viral diseases, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, growth hormone synthesis, secretion, and action, the immune system, interferon signaling, and the neuronal system. STAT1, CXCL10, and SAMDL were screened out as the top 03 out of the top 10 most critical genes among the DEGs from the PPI network. AZD-8055, methotrexate, and ruxolitinib were predicted to be the possible agents for the treatment. The current study identified significant key genes, common metabolic signaling networks, and therapeutic agents to improve our perception of the common mechanisms of GBM-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Khandelwal College of Management Science and Technology (KCMT), Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243006, India
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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18
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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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19
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Shao W, Azam Z, Guo J, To SST. Oncogenic potential of PIK3CD in glioblastoma is exerted through cytoskeletal proteins PAK3 and PLEK2. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1314-1322. [PMID: 35851857 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class IA phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic isoforms p110α, p110β, and p110δ have been implicated to play vital but overlapping roles in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously shown that PIK3CD, encoding p110δ, is highly expressed in multiple glioma cell lines and involved in glioma cell migration and invasion. Based on the RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found the level of PIK3CD expression is significantly higher in GBM than WHO grade II and III gliomas and is closely related to poor survival. To further dissect the oncogenic roles of PIK3CD in glioma progression, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to completely abrogate its expression in the GBM cell line U87-MG and have successfully isolated two knockout clones with different gene modifications. As expected, the knockout clones exhibited significantly lower migration and invasion capabilities when compared with their parental cells. Interestingly, knockout of PIK3CD also dramatically reduced the colony formation ability of the knockout cells. Further study revealed that PIK3CD deficiency could negate tumorigenesis in nude mice. To determine the downstream effect of PIK3CD depletion, we performed RT2 profiler PCR array of selected gene sets and found that knockout of PIK3CD impaired the activity of p-21 activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2), molecules involved in cancer cell migration and proliferation. This explains why the glioma cells without the PIK3CD expression exhibited weaker oncogenic features. Further, RNAseq analysis of parent and knockout clones revealed that this interaction might happen through axonogenesis signaling pathway. Taken together, we demonstrated that PIK3CD could be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zulfikar Azam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shing Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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20
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Wang HYJ, Huang CY, Wei KC, Hung KC. A mass spectrometry imaging and lipidomic investigation reveals aberrant lipid metabolism in the orthotopic mouse glioma. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100304. [PMID: 36273646 PMCID: PMC9761856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids perform multiple biological functions and reflect the physiology and pathology of cells, tissues, and organs. Here, we sought to understand lipid content in relation to tumor pathology by characterizing phospholipids and sphingolipids in the orthotopic mouse glioma using MALDI MS imaging (MSI) and LC-MS/MS. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the MALDI-MSI data segmented the coronal tumoral brain section into 10 histopathologically salient regions. Heterogeneous decrease of the common saturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in the tumor was accompanied by the increase of analogous PCs with one or two additional fatty acyl double bonds and increased lyso-PCs. Polyunsaturated fatty acyl-PCs and ether PCs highlighted the striatal tumor margins, whereas the distributions of other PCs differentiated the cortical and striatal tumor parenchyma. We detected a reduction of SM d18:1/18:0 and the heterogeneous mild increase of SM d18:1/16:0 in the tumor, whereas ceramides accumulated only in a small patch deep in the tumoral parenchyma. LC-MS/MS analyses of phospholipids and sphingolipids complemented the MALDI-MSI observation, providing a snapshot of these lipids in the tumor. Finally, the proposed mechanisms responsible for the tumoral lipid changes were contrasted with our interrogation of gene expression in human glioma. Together, these lipidomic results unveil the aberrant and heterogeneous lipid metabolism in mouse glioma where multiple lipid-associated signaling pathways underline the tumor features, promote the survival, growth, proliferation, and invasion of different tumor cell populations, and implicate the management strategy of a multiple-target approach for glioma and related brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hay-Yan J. Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,For correspondence: Hay-Yan J. Wang
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Hung
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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21
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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Maity S, Kasinath BS, Choudhury GG. Oncoprotein DJ-1 interacts with mTOR complexes to effect transcription factor Hif1α-dependent expression of collagen I (α2) during renal fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102246. [PMID: 35835217 PMCID: PMC9399488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) to synthesize collagen I (α2) during renal fibrosis. The oncoprotein DJ-1 has previously been shown to promote tumorigenesis and prevent apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons; however, its role in fibrosis signaling is unclear. Here, we show TGFβ-stimulation increased expression of DJ-1, which promoted noncanonical mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities. We show DJ-1 augmented the phosphorylation/activation of PKCβII, a direct substrate of mTORC2. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed association of DJ-1 with Raptor and Rictor, exclusive subunits of mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively, as well as with mTOR kinase. Interestingly, siRNAs against DJ-1 blocked TGFβ-stimulated expression of collagen I (α2), while expression of DJ-1 increased expression of this protein. In addition, expression of dominant negative PKCβII and siRNAs against PKCβII significantly inhibited TGFβ-induced collagen I (α2) expression. In fact, constitutively active PKCβII abrogated the effect of siRNAs against DJ-1, suggesting a role of PKCβII downstream of this oncoprotein. Moreover, we demonstrate expression of collagen I (α2) stimulated by DJ-1 and its target PKCβII is dependent on the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α). Finally, we show in the renal cortex of diabetic rats that increased TGFβ was associated with enhanced expression of DJ-1 and activation of mTOR and PKCβII, concomitant with increased Hif1α and collagen I (α2). Overall, we identified that DJ-1 affects TGFβ-induced expression of collagen I (α2) via an mTOR-, PKCβII-, and Hif1α-dependent mechanism to regulate renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.
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22
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Talaie Z, Jusheghani F, Łos MJ, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031353. [PMID: 35163279 PMCID: PMC8836096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating type of brain tumor, and current therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are palliative at best. The design of effective and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM require a thorough analysis of specific signaling pathways to identify those serving as drivers of GBM progression and invasion. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathways are key regulators of important biological functions that include cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and angiogenesis. Targeting specific regulatory components of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways has the potential to disrupt critical brain tumor cell functions to achieve critical advancements in alternative GBM treatment strategies to enhance the survival rate of GBM patients. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways for GBM invasion into brain tissue and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zahra Talaie
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Fatemeh Jusheghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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23
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Fabro F, Lamfers MLM, Leenstra S. Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions in Tackling Glioblastoma Resistance to Small Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:600. [PMID: 35158868 PMCID: PMC8833415 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical intervention, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the deadliest brain tumor in adults. Its incurability is partly related to the establishment of drug resistance, both to standard and novel treatments. In fact, even though small kinase inhibitors have changed the standard clinical practice for several solid cancers, in GBM, they did not fulfill this promise. Drug resistance is thought to arise from the heterogeneity of GBM, which leads the development of several different mechanisms. A better understanding of the evolution and characteristics of drug resistance is of utmost importance to improve the current clinical practice. Therefore, the development of clinically relevant preclinical in vitro models which allow careful dissection of these processes is crucial to gain insights that can be translated to improved therapeutic approaches. In this review, we first discuss the heterogeneity of GBM, which is reflected in the development of several resistance mechanisms. In particular, we address the potential role of drug resistance mechanisms in the failure of small kinase inhibitors in clinical trials. Finally, we discuss strategies to overcome therapy resistance, particularly focusing on the importance of developing in vitro models, and the possible approaches that could be applied to the clinic to manage drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.F.); (M.L.M.L.)
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24
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Anticancer effects of veratramine via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin and its downstream signaling pathways in human glioblastoma cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 288:120170. [PMID: 34826438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Antitumor effects of veratramine in prostate and liver cancers has been investigated, but it is still unclear whether veratramine can be used as an effective therapeutic agent for glioma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacological mechanism of veratramine in glioma. MAIN METHODS Using four types of human glioblastoma cell lines, including A172, HS-683, T98G, and U-373-MG the dose-dependent antitumor effect of veratramine was evaluated. The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were examined by CCK-8, and cell proliferation was further confirmed by anchorage-independent colony formation assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry, and apoptosis was further evaluated by apoptosis assay. The migration and invasiveness capacity were analyzed by using transwell. Protein and mRNA levels of related factors were determined by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Veratramine markedly induced apoptosis, suppressed the cell proliferation via the cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest, and reduced the capacity for the migration and invasion in human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. Moreover, veratramine was sufficient to affect the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway and its downstream Mdm2/p53/p21 pathway in human glioblastoma cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE Antitumor effects of veratramine in suppression of glioma progression was mediated by the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Mdm2/p53/p21 signaling pathway.
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25
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Ji M, Zhang Z, Lin S, Wang C, Jin J, Xue N, Xu H, Chen X. The PI3K Inhibitor XH30 Enhances Response to Temozolomide in Drug-Resistant Glioblastoma via the Noncanonical Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749242. [PMID: 34899305 PMCID: PMC8662317 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ)-based adjuvant treatment has improved overall survival, but clinical outcomes remain poor; TMZ resistance is one of the main reasons for this. Here, we report a new phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, XH30; this study aimed to assess the antitumor activity of this compound against TMZ-resistant GBM. XH30 inhibited cell proliferation in TMZ-resistant GBM cells (U251/TMZ and T98G) and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. In an orthotopic mouse model, XH30 suppressed TMZ-resistant tumor growth. XH30 was also shown to enhance TMZ cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the synergistic effect of XH30 may be attributed to its repression of the key transcription factor GLI1 via the noncanonical hedgehog signaling pathway. XH30 reversed sonic hedgehog-triggered GLI1 activation and decreased GLI1 activation by insulin-like growth factor 1 via the noncanonical hedgehog signaling pathway. These results indicate that XH30 may represent a novel therapeutic option for TMZ-resistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nina Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Omeljaniuk WJ, Krętowski R, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Jabłońska E, Cechowska-Pasko M. Novel Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Apitolisib (GDC-0980), Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111511. [PMID: 34768941 PMCID: PMC8583746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling commonly exists in glioblastoma, making this axis an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation. Given that activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR promotes tumour growth, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer therapies, mTOR inhibitors show promise in the treatment of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, Apitolisib (GDC-0980), in A-172 and U-118-MG GBM tumour cell line suppression. It has been demonstrated that GDC-0980 induces time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in investigated glioma cell lines. In our study, the strongest induction of apoptosis was exhibited in the A-172 line after 48 h of incubation with 20 µM GDC-0980, where we observed 46.47% of apoptotic cells. In conclusion, we first discovered that dual PI3K/mTOR blockade by GDC-0980 markedly suppressed survival of human GBM cells and induced apoptosis, independent of the ER stress-mediated DR5 activation. We suggest that GDC-0980, by exerting an inhibitory effect on PERK expression, may thus block its inhibitory effect on protein synthesis, leading to intensification of translation, and this may result in an increase in apoptosis. On the other hand, CHOP stimulates protein synthesis and increases apoptosis. These findings suggest that GDC-0980 may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for anti-GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.J.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Rafał Krętowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.J.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (W.R.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (W.R.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.J.O.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-85-748-56-91
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27
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Zhang Y, Guo P, Ma Z, Lu P, Kebebe D, Liu Z. Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanomaterials for the potential therapeutics of central nervous system disorders: a review. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:255. [PMID: 34425832 PMCID: PMC8381574 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nanomedicine have greatly developed and human life span has been extended, we have witnessed the soared incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), ischemic stroke, and brain tumors, which have severely damaged the quality of life and greatly increased the economic and social burdens. Moreover, partial small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule drugs (such as recombinant protein, therapeutic antibody, and nucleic acid) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is especially important to develop a drug delivery system that can effectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the central nervous system for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) provide a potential strategy for the transport of macromolecules through the blood-brain barrier. This study analyzed and summarized the progress of CPPs in CNS diseases from three aspects: CPPs, the conjugates of CPPs and drug, and CPPs modified nanoparticles to provide scientific basis for the application of CPPs for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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28
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dos Santos FRC, Guardia GDA, dos Santos FF, Ohara D, Galante PAF. Reboot: a straightforward approach to identify genes and splicing isoforms associated with cancer patient prognosis. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab024. [PMID: 34316711 PMCID: PMC8210018 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the massive amount of data generated by modern sequencing technologies provides an unprecedented opportunity to find genes associated with cancer patient prognosis, connecting basic and translational research. However, treating high dimensionality of gene expression data and integrating it with clinical variables are major challenges to perform these analyses. Here, we present Reboot, an integrative approach to find and validate genes and transcripts (splicing isoforms) associated with cancer patient prognosis from high dimensional expression datasets. Reboot innovates by using a multivariate strategy with penalized Cox regression (LASSO method) combined with a bootstrap approach, in addition to statistical tests and plots to support the findings. Applying Reboot on data from 154 glioblastoma patients, we identified a three-gene signature (IKBIP, OSMR, PODNL1) whose increased derived risk score was significantly associated with worse patients' prognosis. Similarly, Reboot was able to find a seven-splicing isoforms signature related to worse overall survival in 177 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with elevated risk scores after uni- and multivariate analyses. In summary, Reboot is an efficient, intuitive and straightforward way of finding genes or splicing isoforms signatures relevant to patient prognosis, which can democratize this kind of analysis and shed light on still under-investigated cancer-related genes and splicing isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R C dos Santos
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
- Programa Interunidades em Bioinformatica, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriela D A Guardia
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Filipe F dos Santos
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel T Ohara
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
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29
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Lee SY, Yen IC, Lin JC, Chung MC, Liu WH. 4-Acetylantrocamol LT3 Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Growth and Downregulates DNA Repair Enzyme O 6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:983-999. [PMID: 33827387 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly malignant brain tumor that is resistant to most clinical treatments. Novel therapeutic agents that are effective against GBM are required. Antrodia cinnamomea has shown antiproliferative effects in GBM cells. However, the exact mechanisms and bioactive components remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of 4-acetylantrocamol LT3 (4AALT3), a new ubiquinone from Antrodia cinnamomeamycelium, in vitro. U87 and U251 cell lines were treated with the indicated concentration of 4AALT3. Cell viability, cell colony-forming ability, migration, and the expression of proteins in well-known signaling pathways involved in the malignant properties of glioblastoma were then analyzed by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and western blotting assays, respectively. We found that 4AALT3 significantly decreased cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration in both in vitro models. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathways were suppressed by 4AALT3. Moreover, 4AALT3 decreased the level of DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and showed a synergistic effect with temozolomide. Our findings provide the basis for exploring the beneficial effect of 4AALT3 on GBM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Chun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chieh Chung
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2 Cheng-Kung Road Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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30
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Ma W, Zhou Y, Liu M, Qin Q, Cui Y. Long non-coding RNA LINC00470 in serum derived exosome: a critical regulator for proliferation and autophagy in glioma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 33663509 PMCID: PMC7931344 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the mechanism of LINC00470 in serum exosomes from glioma patients regulating the autophagy and proliferation of glioma cells. Methods Exosomes were extracted from glioma patients (GBM-exo). Expression of LINC00470 in exosomes was analyzed with the clinicopathological characteristics of glioma patients. Glioma mouse model was established. The effects of LINC00470, miR-580-3p and WEE1 on cell autophagy and proliferation, as well as the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were measured. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were conducted to validate the binding of LINC00470 and miR-580-3p and of miR-580-3p and WEE1. Results LINC00470 overexpressed in GBM-exo and associated with disease severity and postoperative survival time of glioma patients. GBM-exo deteriorated tumor progression in nude mice. Cells incubated with GBM-exo or transfected with pcDNA3.1-LINC00470/miR-580-3p inhibitor/pcDNA3.1-WEE1 had less autophagosome, downregulated LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1 expression levels and increased expression of p62 as well as strengthened proliferation ability. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was activated. LINC00470 competitively bound to miR-580-3p with WEE1. Conclusion LINC00470 in GBM-exo can bind to miR-580-3p in glioma cells to regulate WEE1 expression and activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting autophagy and enhancing the proliferation of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Bakhshinyan D, Savage N, Salim SK, Venugopal C, Singh SK. The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde: Parallels Between Neural Stem Cells and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:603738. [PMID: 33489908 PMCID: PMC7820896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, radial glial precursor cells give rise to neural lineages, and a small proportion persist in the adult mammalian brain to contribute to long-term neuroplasticity. Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic niches of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). NSCs in the SVZ are endowed with the defining stem cell properties of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, which are maintained by intrinsic cellular programs, and extrinsic cellular and niche-specific interactions. In glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer, a subpopulation of cells termed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit similar stem-like properties. While there is an extensive overlap between NSCs and GSCs in function, distinct genetic profiles, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior. This review highlights the similarities and differences between GSCs and SVZ NSCs in terms of their gene expression, regulatory molecular pathways, niche organization, metabolic programs, and current therapies designed to exploit these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bakhshinyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sabra Khalid Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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32
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Duggan MR, Weaver M, Khalili K. PAM (PIK3/AKT/mTOR) signaling in glia: potential contributions to brain tumors in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1510-1527. [PMID: 33472174 PMCID: PMC7835031 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing proportion of aged individuals at risk for developing cancer in the brain, the prognosis for these conditions remains abnormally poor due to limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms and minimal treatment options. While cancer metabolism in other organs is commonly associated with upregulated glycolysis (i.e. Warburg effect) and hyperactivation of PIK3/AKT/mTOR (PAM) pathways, the unique bioenergetic demands of the central nervous system may interact with these oncogenic processes to promote tumor progression in aging. Specifically, constitutive glycolysis and PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling in glia may be dysregulated by age-dependent alterations in neurometabolic demands, ultimately contributing to pathological processes otherwise associated with PIK3/AKT/mTOR induction (e.g. cell cycle entry, impaired autophagy, dysregulated inflammation). Although several limitations to this theoretical model exist, the consideration of aberrant PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling in glia during aging elucidates several therapeutic opportunities for brain tumors, including non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Duggan
- Department of Neuroscience Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- Department of Neurosurgery Temple University Hospital Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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33
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Eustace NJ, Anderson JC, Warram JM, Widden HN, Pedersen RT, Alrefai H, Patel Z, Hicks PH, Placzek WJ, Gillespie GY, Hjelmeland AB, Willey CD. A cell-penetrating MARCKS mimetic selectively triggers cytolytic death in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:6961-6974. [PMID: 33077834 PMCID: PMC7885995 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effectiveness of standard of care therapies including surgery, radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapy necessitating novel therapeutics. Unfortunately, GBMs also harbor several signaling alterations that protect them from traditional therapies that rely on apoptotic programmed cell death. Because almost all GBM tumors have dysregulated phosphoinositide signaling as part of that process, we hypothesized that peptide mimetics derived from the phospholipid binding domain of Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) could serve as a novel GBM therapeutic. Using molecularly classified patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines, cultured in stem-cell conditions, we demonstrate that cell permeable MARCKS effector domain (ED) peptides potently target all GBM molecular classes while sparing normal human astrocytes. Cell death mechanistic testing revealed that these peptides produce rapid cytotoxicity in GBM that overcomes caspase inhibition. Moreover, we identify a GBM-selective cytolytic death mechanism involving plasma membrane targeting and intracellular calcium accumulation. Despite limited relative partitioning to the brain, tail-vein peptide injection revealed tumor targeting in intracranially implanted GBM PDX. These results indicate that MARCKS ED peptide therapeutics may overcome traditional GBM resistance mechanisms, supporting further development of similar agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Eustace
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hayley N Widden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Hasan Alrefai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zeel Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patricia H Hicks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William J Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Goker Bagca B, Ozates NP, Asik A, Caglar HO, Gunduz C, Biray Avci C. Temozolomide treatment combined with AZD3463 shows synergistic effect in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1497-1504. [PMID: 33109342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is used in the standard therapy regimen for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, some GBM patients do not respond to TMZ therapy. The combining therapeutic agents in GBM treatment are attracting considerable interest due to TMZ resistance. This study aims to identify the combinatorial effect of TMZ and AZD3463 on the viability of the T98G GBM cells. The cytotoxic effects of compounds were determined by using WST-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle profiles after treatments. Real-time PCR was used to identify mRNA expression of genes in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway after treatments. IC50 concentrations of TMZ and AZD3463 were found to be 1.54 mM and 529 nM after incubation for 48 h, respectively. The combination treatment showed a synergistic effect on reducing the viability of GBM cells. Each one of TMZ, AZD3463, and combination treatments induced apoptosis. Treatments, either alone or the combination of these agents, caused the cell cycle arrest in distinct phases. TMZ and AZD3463 treatments, either alone or in combination, downregulated mRNA expression of genes in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The combination of TMZ with AZD3463 may increase the efficacy of single TMZ treatment in GBM cells due to decreased expression of genes in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway that is responsible for drug resistance and intratumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Ege University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Pinar Ozates
- Ege University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Ege University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Onur Caglar
- Ege University, Health Science Institute, Department of Stem Cell, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Ege University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Ege University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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Colapietro A, Yang P, Rossetti A, Mancini A, Vitale F, Martellucci S, Conway TL, Chakraborty S, Marampon F, Mattei V, Gravina GL, Biordi AL, Wei D, Newman RA, Festuccia C. The Botanical Drug PBI-05204, a Supercritical CO 2 Extract of Nerium Oleander, Inhibits Growth of Human Glioblastoma, Reduces Akt/mTOR Activities, and Modulates GSC Cell-Renewal Properties. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:552428. [PMID: 33013390 PMCID: PMC7516200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.552428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common primary glial tumor resulting in very low patient survival despite current extensive therapeutic efforts. Emerging evidence suggests that more effective treatments are required to overcome tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance and a complex tumor-supporting microenvironment. PBI-05204 is a specifically formulated botanical drug consisting of a modified supercritical C02 extract of Nerium oleander that has undergone both phase I and phase II clinical trials in the United States for treatment of patients with a variety of advanced cancers. The present study was designed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of this botanical drug against glioblastoma using both in vitro and in vivo cancer models as well as exploring efficacy against glioblastoma stem cells. All three human GBM cell lines, U87MG, U251, and T98G, were inhibited by PBI-05204 in a concentration dependent manner that was characterized by induction of apoptosis as evidenced by increased ANNEXIN V staining and caspase activities. The expression of proteins associated with both Akt and mTOR pathway was suppressed by PBI-05240 in all treated human GBM cell lines. PBI-05204 significantly suppressed U87 spheroid formation and the expression of important stem cell markers such as SOX2, CD44, and CXCR4. Oral administration of PBI-05204 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of U87MG, U251, and T98G xenograft growth. Additionally, PBI-05204–treated mice carrying U87-Luc cells as an orthotropic model exhibited significantly delayed onset of tumor proliferation and significantly increased overall survival. Immunohistochemical staining of xenograft derived tumor sections revealed dose-dependent declines in expression of Ki67 and CD31 positive stained cells but increased TUNEL staining. PBI-05204 represents a novel therapeutic botanical drug approach for treatment of glioblastoma as demonstrated by significant responses with in vivo tumor models. Both in vitro cell culture and immunohistochemical studies of tumor tissue suggest drug induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of PI3k/mTOR pathways as well as cancer stemness. Given the fact that PBI-05204 has already been examined in phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, its efficacy when combined with standard of care chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be explored in future clinical trials of this difficult to treat brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colapietro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alessandra Rossetti
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Flora Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, University Hub "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy
| | - Tara L Conway
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharmistha Chakraborty
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Assunta Leda Biordi
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Mencke P, Hanss Z, Boussaad I, Sugier PE, Elbaz A, Krüger R. Bidirectional Relation Between Parkinson's Disease and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Neurol 2020; 11:898. [PMID: 32973662 PMCID: PMC7468383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Parkinson's disease (PD) define two disease entities that include opposite concepts. Indeed, the involved mechanisms are at different ends of a spectrum related to cell survival - one due to enhanced cellular proliferation and the other due to premature cell death. There is increasing evidence indicating that patients with neurodegenerative diseases like PD have a reduced incidence for most cancers. In support, epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse association between PD and cancer. Both conditions apparently can involve the same set of genes, however, in affected tissues the expression was inversely regulated: genes that are down-regulated in PD were found to be up-regulated in cancer and vice versa, for example p53 or PARK7. When comparing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant brain tumor with poor overall survival, with PD, astrocytes are dysregulated in both diseases in opposite ways. In addition, common genes, that are involved in both diseases and share common key pathways of cell proliferation and metabolism, were shown to be oppositely deregulated in PD and GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of PD- and GBM-associated genes in common pathways that are dysregulated in both conditions. Moreover, we illustrate why the simultaneous study of PD and GBM regarding the role of common pathways may lead to a deeper understanding of these still incurable conditions. Eventually, considering the inverse regulation of certain genes in PD and GBM will help to understand their mechanistic basis, and thus to define novel target-based strategies for causative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mencke
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Zoé Hanss
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- Institut de Statistique de l'Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Herbener VJ, Burster T, Goreth A, Pruss M, von Bandemer H, Baisch T, Fitzel R, Siegelin MD, Karpel-Massler G, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA, Strobel H. Considering the Experimental use of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Research. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E151. [PMID: 32512726 PMCID: PMC7344626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) currently remains the only chemotherapeutic component in the approved treatment scheme for Glioblastoma (GB), the most common primary brain tumour with a dismal patient's survival prognosis of only ~15 months. While frequently described as an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage and thus-ultimately-cell death, a recent debate has been initiated to re-evaluate the therapeutic role of TMZ in GB. Here, we discuss the experimental use of TMZ and highlight how it differs from its clinical role. Four areas could be identified in which the experimental data is particularly limited in its translational potential: 1. transferring clinical dosing and scheduling to an experimental system and vice versa; 2. the different use of (non-inert) solvent in clinic and laboratory; 3. the limitations of established GB cell lines which only poorly mimic GB tumours; and 4. the limitations of animal models lacking an immune response. Discussing these limitations in a broader biomedical context, we offer suggestions as to how to improve transferability of data. Finally, we highlight an underexplored function of TMZ in modulating the immune system, as an example of where the aforementioned limitations impede the progression of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena J. Herbener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Alicia Goreth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Maximilian Pruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Hélène von Bandemer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Tim Baisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Rahel Fitzel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
| | - Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.H.); (A.G.); (H.v.B.); (T.B.); (R.F.); (K.-M.D.); (H.S.)
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38
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Portela M, Casas-Tintó S. New Cellular Dimensions on Glioblastoma Progression. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520923076. [PMID: 32548582 PMCID: PMC7249559 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520923076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are brain tumors originated from glial cells. The most frequent form of glioma is the glioblastoma (GB). This lethal tumor is frequently originated from genetic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PI3K pathways. Recent results suggest that signaling pathways, other than primary founder mutations, play a central role in GB progression. Some of these signals are depleted by GB cells from healthy neurons via specialized filopodia known as tumor microtubes (TMs). Here, we discuss the contribution of TMs to vampirize wingless/WNT ligand from neurons. In consequence, wingless/WNT pathway is upregulated in GB to promote tumor progression, and the reduction of these signals in neurons causes the reduction of synapse number and neurodegeneration. These processes contribute to neurological defects and premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Portela
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Department, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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39
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The limitations of targeting MEK signalling in Glioblastoma therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7401. [PMID: 32366879 PMCID: PMC7198577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly aggressive, difficult to treat brain tumour. Successful treatment, consisting of maximal safe tumour de-bulking, followed by radiotherapy and treatment with the alkylating agent Temozolomide (TMZ), can extend patient survival to approximately 15 months. Combination treatments based on the inhibition of the PI3K pathway, which is the most frequently activated signalling cascade in GB, have so far only shown limited therapeutic success. Here, we use the clinically approved MEK inhibitor Trametinib to investigate its potential use in managing GB. Trametinib has a strong anti-proliferative effect on established GB cell lines, stem cell-like cells and their differentiated progeny and while it does not enhance anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing properties of the standard treatment, i.e. exposure to radiation or TMZ, neither does MEK inhibition block their effectiveness. However, upon MEK inhibition some cell populations appear to favour cell-substrate interactions in a sprouting assay and become more invasive in the Chorioallantoic Membrane assay, which assesses cell penetration into an organic membrane. While this increased invasion can be modulated by additional inhibition of the PI3K signalling cascade, there is no apparent benefit of blocking MEK compared to targeting PI3K.
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40
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Strobel H, Baisch T, Fitzel R, Schilberg K, Siegelin MD, Karpel-Massler G, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. Temozolomide and Other Alkylating Agents in Glioblastoma Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030069. [PMID: 31505812 PMCID: PMC6783999 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) together with maximal safe bulk resection and focal radiotherapy comprises the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GB), a particularly aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. GB affects 3.2 in 100,000 people who have an average survival time of around 14 months after presentation. Several key aspects make GB a difficult to treat disease, primarily including the high resistance of tumor cells to cell death-inducing substances or radiation and the combination of the highly invasive nature of the malignancy, i.e., treatment must affect the whole brain, and the protection from drugs of the tumor bulk—or at least of the invading cells—by the blood brain barrier (BBB). TMZ crosses the BBB, but—unlike classic chemotherapeutics—does not induce DNA damage or misalignment of segregating chromosomes directly. It has been described as a DNA alkylating agent, which leads to base mismatches that initiate futile DNA repair cycles; eventually, DNA strand breaks, which in turn induces cell death. However, while much is assumed about the function of TMZ and its mode of action, primary data are actually scarce and often contradictory. To improve GB treatment further, we need to fully understand what TMZ does to the tumor cells and their microenvironment. This is of particular importance, as novel therapeutic approaches are almost always clinically assessed in the presence of standard treatment, i.e., in the presence of TMZ. Therefore, potential pharmacological interactions between TMZ and novel drugs might occur with unforeseeable consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tim Baisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rahel Fitzel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
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Narayanankutty A. PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:1217-1226. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190618123846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ks) is a member of intracellular lipid kinases
and involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival. Overexpression of
the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling has been reported in various forms of cancers, especially in colorectal
cancers (CRC). Due to their significant roles in the initiation and progression events of colorectal cancer,
they are recognized as a striking therapeutic target.
Objective:
The present review is aimed to provide a detailed outline on the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR
pathway in the initiation and progression events of colorectal cancers as well as its function in drug
resistance. Further, the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic
drugs, in alleviating colorectal cancer is also discussed. The review contains preclinical
and clinical evidence as well as patent literature of the pathway inhibitors which are natural
and synthetic in origin.
Methods:
The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature.
Results:
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling is an important event in colorectal carcinogenesis. In addition, it
plays significant roles in acquiring drug resistance as well as metastatic initiation events of CRCs.
Several small molecules of natural and synthetic origin have been found to be potent inhibitors of
CRCs by effectively downregulating the pathway. Data from various clinical studies also support
these pathway inhibitors and several among them are patented.
Conclusion:
Inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway have been successful for the treatment of primary
and metastatic colorectal cancers, rendering the pathway as a promising clinical cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoologyid1, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, 673008, India
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Shaji SK, Sunilkumar D, Mahalakshmi NV, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Analysis of microarray data for identification of key microRNA signatures in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1938-1948. [PMID: 31423264 PMCID: PMC6614686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of glioma known for its reduced survival rate and rapid relapse. Previous studies have shown that the expression patterns of different microRNAs (miRNA/miR) play a crucial role in the development and progression of GBM. In order to identify potential miRNA signatures of GBM for prognostic and therapeutic purposes, we downloaded and analyzed two expression data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus profiling miRNA patterns of GBM compared with normal brain tissues. Validated targets of the deregulated miRNAs were identified using MirTarBase, and were mapped to Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases in order to construct interaction networks and identify enriched pathways of target genes. A total of 6 miRNAs were found to be deregulated in both expression datasets studied. Pathway analysis demonstrated that most of the target genes were enriched in signaling cascades connected to cancer development, such as ‘Pathways in cancer’, ‘Focal adhesion’ and ‘PI3K-Akt signaling pathway’. Of the five target genes that were enriched in the glioblastoma pathway, in the WikiPathway database, both HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase target genes of hsa-miR-139-5p, were found to be significantly associated with patient survival. The present study may thus form the basis for further exploration of hsa-miR-139-5p, not only as a therapeutic agent, but also as a diagnostic biomarker for GBM as well as a predictive marker for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu K Shaji
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Damu Sunilkumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - N V Mahalakshmi
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
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Shao S, Li Z, Cheng H, Wang S, Perkins NG, Sarkar P, Wei W, Xue M. A Chemical Approach for Profiling Intracellular AKT Signaling Dynamics from Single Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13586-13589. [PMID: 30351133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present here a novel chemical method to continuously analyze intracellular AKT signaling activities at single-cell resolution, without genetic manipulations. A pair of cyclic peptide-based fluorescent probes were developed to recognize the phosphorylated Ser474 site and a distal epitope on AKT. A Förster resonance energy transfer signal is generated upon concurrent binding of the two probes onto the same AKT protein, which is contingent upon the Ser474 phosphorylation. Intracellular delivery of the probes enabled dynamic measurements of the AKT signaling activities. We further implemented this detection strategy on a microwell single-cell platform, and interrogated the AKT signaling dynamics in a human glioblastoma cell line. We resolved unique features of the single-cell signaling dynamics following different perturbations. Our study provided the first example of monitoring the temporal evolution of cellular signaling heterogeneities and unveiled biological information that was inaccessible to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Shao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Hanjun Cheng
- Institute for Systems Biology , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Nicole G Perkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Priyanka Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute for Systems Biology , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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Hasslacher S, Schneele L, Stroh S, Langhans J, Zeiler K, Kattner P, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD, Schneider M, Zhou S, Grunert M, Halatsch ME, Nonnenmacher L, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. Inhibition of PI3K signalling increases the efficiency of radiotherapy in glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1881-1896. [PMID: 30132519 PMCID: PMC6192725 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumour, is also considered one of the most lethal cancers per se. It is highly refractory to therapeutic intervention, as highlighted by the mean patient survival of only 15 months, despite an aggressive treatment approach, consisting of maximal safe surgical resection, followed by radio- and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy, in particular, can have effects on the surviving fractions of tumour cells, which are considered adverse to the desired clinical outcome: It can induce increased cellular proliferation, as well as enhanced invasion. In this study, we established that differentiated glioblastoma cells alter their DNA repair response following repeated exposure to radiation and, therefore, high single-dose irradiation (SD-IR) is not a good surrogate marker for fractionated dose irradiation (FD-IR), as used in clinical practice. Integrating irradiation into a combination therapy approach, we then investigated whether the pharmacological inhibition of PI3K signalling, the most abundantly activated survival cascade in glioblastoma, enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy. Of note, treatment with GDC-0941, which blocks PI3K-mediated signalling, did not enhance cell death upon irradiation, but both treatment modalities functioned synergistically to reduce the total cell number. Furthermore, GDC-0941 not only prevented the radiation-induced increase in the motility of the differentiated cells, but further reduced their speed below that of untreated cells. Therefore, combining radiotherapy with the pharmacological inhibition of PI3K signalling is a potentially promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma, as it can reduce the unwanted effects on the surviving fraction of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hasslacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Schneele
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastien Stroh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Langhans
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Zeiler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patricia Kattner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shaoxia Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Grunert
- Department of Radiology, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
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