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Sakr HM, AbdulSalam MR, Fayad MI, Moussa R, Alzahrani AAH. Microbial Adhesion to Different Thermoplastic Denture Base Materials in Kennedy Class I Partially Edentulous Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e60421. [PMID: 38756717 PMCID: PMC11097705 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the polished and fitting surface of the denture base may promote the colonization of microorganisms, it is essential to know how the different types of denture bases prevent or encourage the adhesion of microorganisms. This study aimed to compare the microbial adhesion to the polished and fitting surfaces of thermoplastic nylon, thermoplastic acetal, and thermoplastic acrylic denture bases in Kennedy Class Ⅰ, partially edentulous patients. Materials and methods Thirteen patients were included in the study. The group consisted of eight males (61.54%) and five females (38.46%), with an age range of 41-50 years (mean age 46.1 years). Three types (groups) of removable partial dentures will be made for each patient using different thermoplastic denture base materials: thermoplastic nylon; thermoplastic acetal; and thermoplastic acrylic. The polished and fitting surfaces of the denture bases were swabbed after a one-month follow-up period. Microbial adhesion was evaluated by counting the microorganisms' colony-forming units (CFU) in the collected specimens. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The study revealed no statistically significant difference in microbial adhesion to both polished and fitting surfaces between all types of studied thermoplastic denture base materials. However, the results showed that for the polished surface, the microbial adhesion median of thermoplastic acrylic denture base (40.5 CC x 102/ml) was higher than that of thermoplastic acetal (29.0 CC x 102/ml) and thermoplastic nylon (16.0 CC x 102/ml). Regarding the fitting surface, the microbial adhesion median of thermoplastic acrylic (51.0 CC x 102/ml) is higher than that of thermoplastic acetal (41.0 CC x 102/ml) and thermoplastic nylon (23.0 CC x 102/ml). Conclusion The thermoplastic nylon denture base materials showed less microbial adhesion among the studied thermoplastic materials, so it may be recommended to be used as a denture base material for individuals at high risk of denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Sakr
- Department of Prosthodontic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Mahmoud R AbdulSalam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, New Damietta, EGY
| | - Mostafa I Fayad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Rania Moussa
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Ali H Alzahrani
- Department of Dental Health, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
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Krishnan CS, Li KC, Tompkins GR, Lyons KM, Cannon RD. Effects of simulated long-term exposure to bottled, neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water on the properties of denture base resins. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00220-8. [PMID: 38622046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture stomatitis can pose serious health risks, especially to older people. Chemical denture cleaning agents must be effective, yet not adversely affect the longevity of removable dentures. Ready-to-use (RTU) neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) is an effective biocide against Candida albicans biofilms on denture resins, but the effects of daily disinfection with EOW on the physical and mechanical properties of resins have not been established. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of simulated long-term exposure to RTU EOW on the color, surface characteristics, and flexural strength of denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Heat-polymerized (HP), 3D printed (3D) and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM)-milled (CC) denture resin specimens (square: 20×20×3.3 mm; beam: 64×10×3.3 mm) were immersed in tap water (TW), RTU EOW (Neutral Anolyte ANK; Envirolyte; EOW), or a commercial denture cleaning tablet solution (Polident 3-Minute; Glaxo SmithKline; PD), mimicking a 5-minute once daily disinfection routine performed up to 3.0 years. Color and surface roughness were recorded (n=3, squares), and changes in color (∆E00) and surface roughness (∆Ra) were calculated. Flexural strength (n=12, beams) and surface hardness (n=18, beams) were measured with a universal testing machine. The fractured surfaces of specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Data were assessed by performing the Shapiro-Wilk or D'Agostino and Pearson normality tests. Two-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc Tukey HSD or Dunn multiple comparisons (α=.05) was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS No significant changes were found in either color or surface roughness for HP, 3D, and CC resins after 1.5-year and 3.0-year immersion in any of the agents (P>.05). The surface hardness of 3D resins reduced by 14% with TW and by 23% with EOW and PD at 3.0 years. The flexural strengths of all 3 resins were unaffected by 3.0-year immersion (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Simulated long-term immersion disinfection with RTU neutral pH EOW did not adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of HP or CC denture resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Shankar Krishnan
- Doctoral graduate, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Senior Lecturer, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Geoffrey R Tompkins
- Honorary Associate Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karl M Lyons
- Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Poyil N, Abdul Razak P, Mohamed Ali Kp A, Venugopalan D, Jassim A, Krishna K A. Influence of Five Different Commercially Available Mouthwashes on the Growth of Candida albicans Adhered to Customized Prefabricated Heat-Cured Denture Base Acrylic Resin Sheets: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58301. [PMID: 38752083 PMCID: PMC11094479 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the impact of five distinct commercial mouthwashes on the development of Candida albicans that had been adhered to heat-cured acrylic resin sheets. Methods This in vitro investigation was carried out at the MES Medical College's Microbiology Department in Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. A total of 72 heat-cured acrylic resin sheets, size 10 × 10 × 2 mm, were fabricated. After disinfection, all 72 acrylic sheets were placed in a flask containing a suspension of the standard strain of Candida species (American Type Culture Collection) and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then, the acrylic sheets were randomly divided into six groups, with each group containing 12 acrylic sheets. Group 1 was the control group to which no mouthwash was added. In group 2, Colgate Plax was added. In group 3, Hiora Himalaya was added. In group 4, Oral B was added. In group 5, Listerine was added. In group 6, Pepsodent was added. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were assessed using a colony counter every six, 24, 48, and 120 hours. After obtaining the pH and CFU of all 72 specimens, software known as the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data. Results Candida albicans adhered to heat-cured denture base acrylic resin sheets differed significantly in response to commercially available mouthwashes (Oral B, Colgate Plax, and Pepsodent) and non-commercial mouthwashes (Hiora Himalaya and Listerine) that contained cetylpyridinium chloride. Conclusions Compared to other mouthwashes that do not contain cetylpyridinium chloride (Listerine and Hiora Himalaya), mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride as the active ingredient (Oral B, Pepsodent, and Colgate Plax) have shown good antifungal properties against the adhering Candida albicans on denture base resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Poyil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, IND
| | | | | | - Deepthi Venugopalan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Center, Malappuram, IND
| | - Amal Jassim
- Department of Prosthodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, IND
| | - Athira Krishna K
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kozhikode, IND
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Carvalho-Silva JM, Teixeira ABV, Valente MLDC, Shimano MVW, Dos Reis AC. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against biofilms formed in dental acrylic resin: a systematic review of in vitro studies. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:114-129. [PMID: 38538551 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2332709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to answer the question formulated according to the PICO strategy: 'Which essential oils show antimicrobial activity against biofilms formed on dental acrylic resin?' composed by population (dental acrylic resin), intervention (application of essential oils), comparison (denture cleansers, antifungal drugs, chlorhexidine, and oral mouthwashes), and outcome (antibiofilm activity). In vitro experimental studies evaluating the activity of EOs on biofilm formed on acrylic resin were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the search was performed in the PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Lilacs databases and in the gray literature using Google Scholar and ProQuest in December 2023. A manual search of the reference lists of the included primary studies was performed. Of the 1467 articles identified, 37 were selected for full-text reading and 12 were included. Twelve EOs were evaluated, of which 11 showed activity against Candida spp., 3 against Staphylococcus aureus, and 1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The EOs of Cymbopogon citratus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cymbopogon nardus showed higher action than chlorhexidine, C. nardus higher than Listerine, C. citratus higher than nystatin, and Melaleuca alternifolia higher than fluconazole and nystatin. However, chlorhexidine was more effective than Lippia sidoides and Salvia officinalis, sodium hypochlorite was more effective than L. sidoides, nystatin was more effective than Zingiber officinale, Amphotericin B more effective than Eucalyptus globulus and M. alternifolia. In conclusion, the EOs of C. zeylanicum, C. citratus, C. nardus, and M. alternifolia showed antimicrobial activity to reduce biofilm on dental acrylic resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Carvalho-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima da Costa Valente
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Wada Shimano
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Thu KM, Yeung AWK, Samaranayake L, Lam WYH. Denture Plaque Biofilm Visual Assessment Methods: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2024; 74:1-14. [PMID: 37479594 PMCID: PMC10829380 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque is important to evaluate the denture hygiene of denture wearers, particularly to prevent plaque biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to review and summarize the visual denture hygiene assessment methods using denture plaque indices and with planimetries published in the literature. English language studies published up to March 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched, followed by a manual search of Google Scholar by two assessors. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) whenever possible. Details of the visual assessment methods, including the types of denture assessed, its materials and its surfaces, as well as the use of a disclosing agent, were the main outcomes. Of 492 screened studies, 74 were included per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 60 studies utilized various denture plaque indices while 18 used planimetries. 43 out of 60 studies with indices and 17 out of 18 studies with planimetries used disclosing agents for visual evaluation of plaque. A total of 21 indices were described in the included studies, of which seven graded a divided denture surface, while the remainder graded entire denture surface. Of the 18 planimetric assessments, one study quantified squares of the disclosed plaques on denture images, 16 studies quantified such pixels with computer programs, and a single study quantified points, pixels, and contour of plaque areas. In summary, denture plaque indices appear to be popular in denture plaque assessment due to their simplicity. Computerized planimetric assessment, though more time-consuming, provides a more accurate assessment of plaque load as it is less prone to subjectivity and assessor errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaing Myat Thu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lakshman Samaranayake
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Walter Yu Hang Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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Le Bars P, Kouadio AA, Amouriq Y, Bodic F, Blery P, Bandiaky ON. Different Polymers for the Base of Removable Dentures? Part II: A Narrative Review of the Dynamics of Microbial Plaque Formation on Dentures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38201705 PMCID: PMC10780608 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current disparities and gaps in research on the characteristics of the oral ecosystem of denture wearers, making a unique contribution to the literature on this topic. We aimed to synthesize the literature on the state of current knowledge concerning the biological behavior of the different polymers used in prosthetics. Whichever polymer is used in the composition of the prosthetic base (poly methyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA), polyamide (PA), or polyether ether ketone (PEEK)), the simple presence of a removable prosthesis in the oral cavity can disturb the balance of the oral microbiota. This phenomenon is aggravated by poor oral hygiene, resulting in an increased microbial load coupled with the reduced salivation that is associated with older patients. In 15-70% of patients, this imbalance leads to the appearance of inflammation under the prosthesis (denture stomatitis, DS). DS is dependent on the equilibrium-as well as on the reciprocal, fragile, and constantly dynamic conditions-between the host and the microbiome in the oral cavity. Several local and general parameters contribute to this balance. Locally, the formation of microbial plaque on dentures (DMP) depends on the phenomena of adhesion, aggregation, and accumulation of microorganisms. To limit DMP, apart from oral and lifestyle hygiene, the prosthesis must be polished and regularly immersed in a disinfectant bath. It can also be covered with an insulating coating. In the long term, relining and maintenance of the prosthesis must also be established to control microbial proliferation. On the other hand, several general conditions specific to the host (aging; heredity; allergies; diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular, respiratory, or digestive diseases; and immunodeficiencies) can make the management of DS difficult. Thus, the second part of this review addresses the complexity of the management of DMP depending on the polymer used. The methodology followed in this review comprised the formulation of a search strategy, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and selection of studies for analysis. The PubMed database was searched independently for pertinent studies. A total of 213 titles were retrieved from the electronic databases, and after applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 84 articles on the possible microbial interactions between the prosthesis and the oral environment, with a particular emphasis on Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Alain Ayepa Kouadio
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, CHU, Abidjan P.O. Box 612, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Yves Amouriq
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - François Bodic
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Pauline Blery
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Octave Nadile Bandiaky
- Nantes University, Oniris, University of Angers, CHU Nantes (Clinical Investigation Unit Odontology), INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000 Nantes, France;
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Krishnan CS, Tompkins GR, Lyons KM, Cannon RD. Electrolysed oxidising water as a multi-purpose biocide in dental healthcare-A scoping review. Gerodontology 2023; 40:422-462. [PMID: 37694292 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this scoping review was to map evidence of electrolysed oxidising water (EOW) as a biocide for dental applications of relevance to older people and identify research gaps. BACKGROUND EOW is an emerging, "green," and cost-effective biocide. There are no reviews on the landscape of EOW research as either an antiseptic or disinfectant in dental healthcare or its suitability for the oral healthcare of older people. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review follows the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Database searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus and Science Direct) were undertaken using MESH terms and Boolean operators with no date restrictions, to identify full-text, original reports published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS The search yielded 114 papers that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Dental applications of EOW include its use as an endodontic irrigant (39%); mouth rinse/surgical irrigant (21%); disinfectant for dental unit water lines (19%) and dental biomaterials (17%); and for antimicrobial efficacy, effects on oral tissues and on dental material properties. Most studies (83%) evaluated a single EOW formulation (acidic, moderately acidic or neutral) that was either generated at 'point-of-use' (POU; 72%), bottled ('ready-to-use', RTU; 24%) or from unspecified (3%) sources. Six reports evaluated storage-related parameters and 25 evaluated clinical applications; 89 were in vitro studies and one investigated the cost-effectiveness of POU EOW. CONCLUSIONS Neutral-pH, EOW is effective as an antimicrobial agent without deleterious effects on oral tissues. However, research on the impact of storage conditions, anti-Candida biofilm efficacy and mechanism of action against yeasts, long-term effects on denture materials and cost-effectiveness is required to establish the suitability of EOW as a multipurpose biocide for dental healthcare, including infection-control requirements relating to older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra S Krishnan
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey R Tompkins
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karl M Lyons
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kaypetch R, Rudrakanjana P, Tua-Ngam P, Tosrisawatkasem O, Thairat S, Tonput P, Tantivitayakul P. Effects of two novel denture cleansers on multispecies microbial biofilms, stain removal and the denture surface: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:852. [PMID: 37951865 PMCID: PMC10640750 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuously increasing demand for removable denture appliances and the importance of adequate denture cleaning have led to the development of various denture cleansing products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two novel denture cleansing agents (GE and TM) and three commonly available cleansers (0.5% sodium hypochlorite; NaClO, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate; CHX, and Polident®; POL) on multispecies microbial biofilm formation, stain removal and physical properties of dentures. METHODS The antimicrobial activities of denture cleansing agents were determined against major oral opportunistic pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, using time-kill assays. Multispecies microbial biofilms grown on acrylic resins for 72 h were generated to determine the antibiofilm effects of cleansing agents by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Evaluations of the tea and coffee stain removal properties and the alterations in the physical properties of dentures were also performed. The toxicity of cleanser residues released from denture acrylics to fibroblast cells was investigated using MTT assay. RESULTS All denture cleansing agents tested could effectively kill oral bacteria and Candida albicans. Furthermore, after immersion for more than 3 h, the cleansers Polident®, GE and TM could efficiently penetrate and inhibit multispecies denture biofilms with effects similar to 10 min of immersion in 0.5% NaClO. However, immersion in 0.12% CHX for 20 min showed less antibiofilm activity. The NaClO solution had the highest efficacy for removing stains from the artificial teeth. Conversely, the CHX solution enhanced tea and coffee staining, and the teeth immersed in this solution showed clinically unacceptable colour changes (ΔE > 5.5). However, the colour differences of teeth stained and immersed in POL, GE and TM cleansers were in the clinically acceptable range. There was no significant difference among the POL, GE and TM cleansers in terms of stain removal efficacy. The cleansers GE and TM did not alter the surface roughness and colour of the materials, moreover the residues of both cleansers did not exhibit cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Two novel denture cleansing agents containing natural products, GE and TM exhibited effective antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm and stain removal capabilities without toxicity or disturbance of the physical properties of acrylics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiporn Kaypetch
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapong Tua-Ngam
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orada Tosrisawatkasem
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sarut Thairat
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pairin Tonput
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Tantivitayakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Carvalho LF, Alves LMM, Bergamo ETP, Benalcazar Jalkh EB, Campos TMB, Zahoui A, Fermino EDS, Magalhães AC, Silva TL, Coelho PG, Bonfante EA. Influence of abrasive dentifrices on polymeric reconstructive material properties after simulated toothbrushing. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2268670. [PMID: 38027422 PMCID: PMC10631383 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2268670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the influence of dentifrices with different abrasiveness levels on the properties of dental reconstructive materials. Forty-eight cylinders were obtained from four polymeric materials, being two CAD/CAM acrylic resins (Ivotion-Dent and Ivotion-Base), one injected acrylic resin (IvoBase-Hydrid) and one light-cured resin composite (Empress Direct). Specimens were allocated to four subgroups for toothbrushing simulation according to the dentifrice relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and silica content: (i) RDA 0 = 0%; (ii) RDA 50 = 3%; (iii) RDA 100 = 10%; and (iv) RDA 120 = 25%. Specimens were then subjected to toothbrushing. Surface analyses [surface roughness Ra (SR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] along with hardness and optical properties [translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR)] were evaluated before and after toothbrushing. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey test. A significant increase in SR was observed after toothbrushing with higher RDA toothpastes for Ivotion-Dent (100 and 120) and IvoBase-Hybrid (120). Ivotion-Base and Empress Direct presented no significant differences in SR when analyzed as a function of timepoint and RDA levels. Hardness was not influenced by toothbrushing with different RDA dentifrices, except for Empress Direct with RDA 0 toothpaste, where a decrease in the hardness was observed. TP of Ivotion-Dent and Empress Direct significantly decreased after toothbrushing with higher RDA dentifrices and CR of Ivotion-Dent, Empress Direct and IvoBase-Hybrid significantly increased with higher RDA dentifrices. The levels of dentifrice abrasiveness affected differently the SR, hardness and optical properties of polymeric reconstructive materials after toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Firmo Carvalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marcia Martins Alves
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Edmara T. P. Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Byron Benalcazar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Abbas Zahoui
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Elisa de Souza Fermino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thelma Lopes Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Miami, FL, USA
| | - Estevam A. Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
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10
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Elrahim RAA, Shown A, Abdellah M, Abualsaud R, Helal MA. Impact of different chemical denture cleansers on the properties of digitally fabricated denture base resin materials. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37767991 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the impact of three different chemical denture cleansers (CDCs) (Corega, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of 3D-printed, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled, and heat-polymerized denture base material (DBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 420 disc-shaped specimens (10 ± 0.1 × 2 ±0.1 mm) were fabricated using three different construction techniques: three-dimensional (3D) printing (n = 140), CAD-CAM milling (n = 140), and heat-polymerization (n = 140). Sixty specimens (20 of each DBM) were used for baseline (pre-immersion) measurements (T1 ) for the tested surface properties (hardness [n = 10/material] and roughness [n = 10/material]). The remaining 360 specimens (n = 120/material) were investigated for surface roughness, microhardness, and color change after immersion for 1 year (T2 ) in distilled water or CDCs (n = 30/solution and n = 10/test). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test at a significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the effects of the tested CDCs on the surface roughness, micro-hardness, and color stability of varying DBM specimens (p < 0.05). Corega showed the highest surface roughness and color change in all DBMs while H2 O2 resulted in the lowest microhardness for all DBMs. The lowest changes in all tested properties were seen with distilled water followed by chlorhexidine. A significant effect of type of cleanser, denture base material, and the interaction between the two was seen on all measured properties (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The tested CDCs significantly affected the surface properties of all DBMs but at varying degrees. Corega produced the highest negative effect on roughness and color change while H2 O2 dramatically affected the microhardness. Prolonged use of CDCs should be cautiously followed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Shown
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Al Mouwasat Hospital, Al Madinah Al Mounawarah, KSA
| | - Mahmoud Abdellah
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Helal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Manuschai J, Lomlim L, Ratti P, Kara J, Naorungroj S. In vitro efficacy of synthetic lawsone derivative disinfectant solution on removing dual-species biofilms and effect on acrylic denture surface properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14832. [PMID: 37684315 PMCID: PMC10491685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms involve in denture stomatitis. This study compared compound 1 to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Polident, and distilled water (DW) in biofilms reduction and effect on polymethylmethacrylate acrylic (PMMA) properties. The structure of lawsone (naphthoquinone derivative) was modified by the addition of an alkylnyloxy group to yield compound 1. Dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. mutans were developed on PMMA discs. The colony-forming unit count measured the number of residual biofilm cells after exposure to the test agents. PMMA discs were examined for color stability, surface roughness, hardness, and chemical structure after 28 days. At 3 min, compound 1 was less effective than CHX in reducing C. albicans (p = 0.004) and S. mutans (p = 0.034) but more effective than Polident in reducing C. albicans (p = 0.001). At 15 min, no viable cells were detectable for compound 1 and its effectiveness was comparable to CHX (p = 0.365). SEM showed fungal cell surface damages in CHX, compound 1 and Polident groups. Only color change was affected by time (p < 0.001) and type of test agent (p = 0.008), and only CHX reached a clinical perception level. Compound 1 is a promising agent for removing biofilm from the PMMA surface without substantially degrading surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutharat Manuschai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Pichayaporn Ratti
- Department of Dental Public Health, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yala, Muang Yala, Yala, 95000, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.
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12
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Iliadi A, Enzler V, Polychronis G, Peltomaki T, Zinelis S, Eliades T. Εffect of cleansers on the composition and mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners in vitro. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 36517652 PMCID: PMC9751251 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of three aligner cleaners on the composition and mechanical properties of two types of orthodontic aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cleaners tested were two alkaline peroxide solutions (Retainer Brite-RB; Retainer Cleaner-RC) and one peroxide-free (Steraligner-ST) and the aligners Clear Aligner (C, polyester) and Invisalign (I, polyester-urethane). The aligners were immersed in the cleaner solutions as instructed every day (15 min for RB, RC; 5 min for ST) for a two-week period. The acidity of the solutions was tested with a pH meter. The changes in the chemical composition of the aligners were studied by attenuated total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR), while Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) was used for assessment of changes in Martens Hardness (HM), modulus (EIT), elastic index (nIT) and relaxation (RIT). RESULTS RB and RC were weakly acidic (pH = 6.3), whereas ST was mildly acidic (pH = 4.8). The ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrated evidence of acidic hydrolysis of C in ST and I in RB. The IIT-derived properties of I were not affected by the cleaners. However, for C a significant change was found in HM (all cleaners), nIT (all cleaners) and RIT (RB, ST). Although the chemical changes support a hydrolytic material deterioration, the results of mechanical properties may interfere with the material residual stresses during fabrication. CONCLUSIONS Caution should be exerted in the selection of aligner cleaners. The mild acidic cleanser was more aggressive to the polyester, whereas an alkaline peroxide to the polyester-urethane aligner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iliadi
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vera Enzler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Polychronis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Timo Peltomaki
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Eliades
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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