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Yao Q, Jiang B, Wu J, Liu G, Lu P. The Trends in Prevalence of Blindness Caused by Refraction Disorders in China from 1990 to 2019 and Its Predictions: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39577011 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2407900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the burden of blindness caused by refraction disorders (BCRD) in China over the past 30 years by year, age, and sex, and to estimate future projections. METHODS Data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 database were used to analyze the number of cases and age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of BCRD in China from 1990 to 2019. We focused on changes over time using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). In addition, we performed the Nordpred analysis and the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model with integrated nested Laplace approximations to predict the BCRD burden from 2020 to 2034. RESULTS The number of prevalent cases due to BCRD increased from 750,956.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 636,381.24-872,040.62) in 1990 to 1,145,881.76 (95% UI 931,966.43-1,342,338.18) in 2019. The ASPRs of BCRD showed a decreasing trend, with EAPCs of -0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.81-0.36). The older and female populations had a higher BCRD burden. The number of prevalent cases due to BCRD is projected to continue to increase from 1.33 million in 2020 to 1.86 million in 2034. The ASPR also showed an increasing trend over the next 15 years. CONCLUSION Over the past three decades, the prevalence of BCRD in China has improved in both sexes and will continue to increase in the next 15 years. This study highlights the importance of prevention of BCRD, especially for women and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang C, Zhu L, Liang X, Li Y, Sun G, Hu J, Zhang H. Corneal characteristics of Mongolian population with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy in inner Mongolia, China: an assessment using corneal confocal microscopy. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:460. [PMID: 37968622 PMCID: PMC10652475 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify corneal nerve fiber parameters in a Mongolian population with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by corneal confocal microscopy. METHODS This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 114 participants from Hulunbuir between January 2020 and December 2021. The participants included healthy controls, Mongolian and Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Demographic, medical, and laboratory data were collected, and neuropathy was evaluated by confocal corneal microscopy. And compare various parameters between Han and Mongolian were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS The average waist circumference of Mongolian diabetic patients was larger than that of Han diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The mean HbA1c of Mongolian was 9.30 (8.15, 10.30) %, and that of Han was 8.30 (7.20, 9.40) % (P = 0.023). The average values of Corneal Nerve Fiber Density (CNFD), Corneal Nerve Fiber Length (CNFL) and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) in Mongolian diabetic patients were significantly lower than those in Han diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficient between CNFL and age was - 0.368. ROC results show that CNBD has a certain diagnostic value for DPN in Mongolian patients with type 2 diabetes and the optimal cut-off point value is 24.99(no./mm2), the sensitivity is 80.0%, and the specificity is 77.8%. CONCLUSION The corneal confocal microscopy could possibly represent a promising adjuvant technique for the early diagnosis and assessment of PDN in Mongolian T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hulunbeir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hulunbeir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Xiuwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Hulunbuir Zhong Meng Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hulunbeir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Guotong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shouguang Hospital of T.C.M, Weifang, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San-Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Sharma B, Gupta R, Jawla S, Bullimore MA. Epidemiology and Burden of Astigmatism: A Systematic Literature Review. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:218-231. [PMID: 36749017 PMCID: PMC10045990 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This is the first literature review to report the epidemiology, patient burden, and economic burden of astigmatism in the general adult population. The unmet needs of astigmatism patients with coexisting ocular conditions (cataract, glaucoma, dry eye, presbyopia, or macular degeneration) and risks associated with untreated astigmatism are also reviewed and reported. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify, report, and summarize the published literature on epidemiology, patient burden, and economic burden of astigmatism using a systematic literature review. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (January 1996 to May 2021). Search results were limited to the English language. Proceedings (2018 to 2021) from ophthalmology congresses were searched along with gray literature using the Google Scholar platform. RESULTS The literature search yielded 6804 citations, of which 125 met the inclusion criteria (epidemiology, 68; patient burden, 60; economic burden, 6). Astigmatism prevalence in the general population varied from 8 to 62%, with higher rates in individuals 70 years or older. The prevalence of with-the-rule astigmatism was higher in individuals 40 years or younger, whereas rates of against-the-rule and oblique astigmatism increased with age. Astigmatic patients experienced decreased vision quality, increased glare (53 to 77%), haloes (28 to 80%), night-time driving difficulties (66%), falls, and spectacle dependence (45 to 85%). Astigmatic patients performed vision-related tasks slower (1 D, 9% slower; 2 D, 29% slower) and made more errors (1 D, 38% more errors; 2 D, 370% more errors) compared with fully corrected individuals. In cataract patients with astigmatism, the annual mean per-patient productivity loss costs ranged from €55 ($71) to €84 ($108), and mean informal care costs ranged from €30 ($39) to €55 ($71) with a mean of 2.3 to 4.1 hours spent on informal care. CONCLUSIONS Uncorrected astigmatism decreases patients' vision-related quality of life, decreases productivity among working-age adults, and poses an economic burden on patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifei Wu
- Alcon Vision LLC, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Bhavna Sharma
- Skyward Analytics Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Skyward Analytics Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. High prevalence of refractive errors in an elderly population; a public health issue. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36707798 PMCID: PMC9881344 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia and their associated demographic and ocular factors in people 60 years of age and above. METHODS The sampling was performed using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. The complete demographic and case history information were collected through an interview. Then, all participants underwent optometric examinations including measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective, and subjective refraction. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction worse than -0.50 diopters (D) and + 0.50 D, respectively. RESULTS Three thousand three hundred ten of 3791 invitees participated, and the data of 3263 individuals were analyzed for this report. The mean age of participants was 68.25 ± 6.53 (60 to 97) years, and 1895 (58.1%) of them were female (number of male/female participants = 1368/1895). The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia was 31.65% (95% CI: 29.68 -33.61) and 45.36% (95% CI: 43.36 -47.37), respectively. The prevalence of severe myopia and hyperopia was 1.14% (95% CI: 0.73 -1.55) and 2.27% (95% CI: 1.57 -2.97), respectively. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression, the prevalence of myopia had a statistically significant direct relationship with age (OR: 1.04; p < 0.001), history of glaucoma surgery (OR:2.75; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR: 2.27; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:3.05; p < 0.001), and mean keratometry (OR:1.61; p < 0.001). The education level was significantly inversely related to the myopia prevalence. Moreover, a history of glaucoma surgery (OR:0.44; p < 0.001), pseudophakia (OR = 0.15; p < 0.001), axial length (OR:35; p < 0.001) and mean keratometry (OR:0.62; p < 0.001) were significantly inversely related to the prevalence of hyperopia. 19% and 40.02% of myopic and hyperopic patients had complete visual acuity after correction of refractive error, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of refractive errors was high in the Iranian elderly population. A large percentage of the elderly still did not have complete visual acuity after the correction of refractive errors indicating the necessity for attention to other ocular diseases in this age group. The history of cataract and glaucoma surgery could be associated with a myopic shift of refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- grid.411600.2Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- grid.416362.40000 0004 0456 5893Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Wang W, Xiang Y, Zhu L, Zheng S, Ji Y, Lv B, Xiong L, Li Z, Yi S, Huang H, Zhang L, Liu F, Zhang T, Wan W, Hu K. Myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status in children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:993728. [PMID: 36324441 PMCID: PMC9619363 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.993728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status among children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to compare rates of myopia and high myopia, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), outdoor activity time, digital device use, and frequency of visual examinations for children and adolescents affected by myopia in Chongqing and Tibet in 2021. Results A total of 2,303 students from Chongqing and 1,687 students from Tibet were examined. The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia in these two groups were 53.80 and 7.04% vs. 43.86 and 1.30%, respectively in each case. The Chongqing students had a longer AL than the group from Tibet (23.95 vs. 23.40 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean SE of the students with myopic parents in Tibet was lower than that of the students in Chongqing with myopic parents (-2.57 ± 2.38 diopters (D) vs. -2.30 ± 2.34 D, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conversely, the mean SE of the students from urban areas in Chongqing was lower than that of the students in Tibet (-2.26 ± 2.25 D vs. -1.75 ± 1.96 D, respectively; p < 0.001). The Chongqing students exhibited lower SE (-2.44 ± 2.22 D) than their Tibetan counterparts (mean SE: -1.78 ± 1.65 D (p = 0.0001) when spending more than 2.5 h outdoors. For example, 61.35% of the students in Tibet spent more than 2.5 h outdoors daily, compared with 43.04% of the students in Chongqing. Correspondingly, the proportion of students using digital devices in Tibet (64.43%) was lower than that in Chongqing (100%). For the latter, 38.62% of the students in Chongqing spent more than 2.5 h online using digital devices compared to 10.49% of the students in Tibet. Greater monitoring of visual status was observed for the Chongqing students (mean SE: -1.90 ± 1.98 D) compared with students in Tibet (mean SE: -2.68 ± 1.85 D) (p = 0.0448), with the frequency of optimal examinations being every 6 months. Outdoor activity time was identified as a common risk factor for myopia in both of the populations examined, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.79-1.90) in Chongqing and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.96) in Tibet. Digital screen time was associated with myopia and high myopia in Chongqing, with ORs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94-1.77), respectively. Digital screen time was also found to be a risk factor for high myopia in Tibet (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.77-1.61). The type of digital devices used was also associated with myopia and high myopia in Tibet (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.68 and OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.84-2.58, respectively). Finally, examination frequency was found to correlate with high myopia in the Tibet group (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.66-2.71). Conclusion Based on our data, we observed that the prevalence of refractive errors in children and adolescents was significantly lower in Tibet than in Chongqing. These results are potentially due to prolonged outdoor activity time, and the type and time of use for digital devices that characterize the group of children and adolescents from Tibet. It is recommended that parents and children in Chongqing would benefit from increased awareness regarding myopia progression and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujiao Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongguo Xiang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijie Zheng
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingjing Lv
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhouyu Li
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Department of Sports, Health and Arts, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangli Liu
- Education Department, Physical, Health and Art Education Research Center, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wan
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjuan Wan
| | - Ke Hu
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Ke Hu
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Wang M, Gan L, Cui J, Shan G, Chen T, Wang X, Wang Y, Pan L, Li Z, Cui S, Yang A, Li W, Jia G, Han X, He H, Zhong Y, Ma J. Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error in Qinghai, China: a cross-sectional study in Han and Tibetan adults in Xining and surrounding areas. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:260. [PMID: 34144693 PMCID: PMC8214277 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of refractive error (RE) in Han and Tibetan population aged 50–79 years in Xining and surrounding areas in Qinghai Province on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods As part of the China National Health Survey, our cross-sectional study compared the age-adjusted prevalence of RE in Han and Tibetan older adults aged 50–79 years in Xining and surrounding areas. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for myopia and hyperopia. Results Among 769 Han participants and 476 Tibetan participants, the age-adjusted prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < − 0.5D), hyperopia (SE > + 0.5D), high myopia (SE < -6.0D) and astigmatism (cylindrical equivalent > = 0.5D) is 28.56, 22.82, 2.80, and 69.38%. Han participants have higher age-adjusted prevalence of myopia (32.93% vs 21.64%, p < 0.001), high myopia (3.93% vs 1.02%, p = 0.001) and astigmatism (72.14% vs 64.94%, p = 0.021) compared to Tibetan participants. Being Tibetan is the protective factor of myopia compared to being Han (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.42–0.79, p < 0.001). Older age (p = 0.032), longer time length in rural area (p = 0.048), undergraduate/graduate education level (p = 0.031), lighter active level (p = 0.007) and lower BMI (p = 0.015) are risk factors for myopia. Older age (all p < 0.001) and pterygium status of the same eye (p = 0.013) also increase the hyperopia risk. Conclusions Our study found an overall prevalence of myopia of 28.56% in Xining and surrounding areas in adults older than 50 years. Han population has higher myopia risk than Tibetan population. More medical and social resources should be allocated to improve the vision and life quality of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiantao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Li
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining City, Qinghai, China
| | - Sen Cui
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining City, Qinghai, China
| | - Airong Yang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining City, Qinghai, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining City, Qinghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Jia
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining City, Qinghai, China
| | - Ximing Han
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining City, Qinghai, China
| | - Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Gu L, Wang Y, Feng L, Li S, Zhang M, Ye Q, Zhuang Y, Lu ZL, Li J, Yuan J. Meridian-Specific and Post-Optical Deficits of Spatial Vision in Human Astigmatism: Evidences From Psycho-Physical and EEG Scalings. Front Psychol 2021; 12:595536. [PMID: 33815196 PMCID: PMC8010696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.595536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that orientation-specific deprivation in early life can lead to neural deficits of spatial vision in certain space, and can even result in meridional amblyopia (MA). Individuals with astigmatism are the optimal and natural models for exploring this asymmetric development of spatial vision in the human visual system. This study aims to assess the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and EEG signals along two principal meridians in participants with regular astigmatism when being optimal optical corrected. Twelve participants with astigmatism (AST group, 20 eyes) and thirteen participants with (MA group, 19 eyes) were recruited in the current study. CSFs and spatial sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEP) were measured with vertical and horizontal sinewave gratings along two principal meridians monocularly. Area under log CSF (AULCSF), spatial frequency threshold corresponding to 80% contrast gratings (SF threshold at 80% ctr), and CSF acuity were calculated from CSF test. In addition, sVEP amplitudes and thresholds were calculated with the recursive least square method. Participants with astigmatism exhibited marked vertical-horizontal resolution disparities even after they were corrected with optimal optical corrections. CSF tests showed that AULCSF along weak meridian (measured with horizontal gratings) was lower than that along strong meridian (measured with vertical gratings) in both groups. Significant meridional disparity of CSF acuity was also found in both groups. In addition, the MA group showed larger meridional disparity compared to the AST group. Spatial sVEP thresholds also supported the existence of marked meridional disparity. Our results suggest that meridian-specific partial deprivation in early life might lead to monocularly asymmetric development of spatial vision in the human visual system. In terms of application, we tested the feasibility and reliability of adopting psychophysical and EEG scalings to investigate the asymmetric development of spatial vision related to astigmatism. These paradigms are potentially applicable to reduce and even eliminate the meridional disparity in the primary visual cortex by adopting perceptual learning or other vision-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saiqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Division of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Center for Neural Science, Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Recent Epidemiology Study Data of Myopia. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:4395278. [PMID: 33489329 PMCID: PMC7803099 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4395278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia, a pandemic refractive error, is affecting more and more people. The progression of myopia could cause numerously serious complications, even leading to blindness. This review summarizes the epidemiological studies on myopia after 2018 and analyzes the risk factors associated with myopia. The prevalence of myopia varies in different regions, age, and observation time. East Asia has been gripped by an unprecedented rise in myopia, and other parts of the world have also seen an increase. The prevalence of myopia in children continues to rise and aggravates with age. The prevalence of high myopia has also increased along with myopia. Racial dependence and family aggregation can be seen frequently in myopia patients. Increased outdoor activities are proven to be protective factors for myopia, as near-distance work and higher education levels affect in the opposite. The impact of gender or urbanization on myopia is controversial. The relationship between nutrition, digital screens, Kawasaki disease, pregnant women smoking during pregnancy, and myopia is still not clear for lack of sufficient evidence. Understanding the various factors that affect myopia helps to clarify the mechanism of myopia formation and also to formulate reasonable prevention and control measures of myopia to protect people's health, especially for adolescents.
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