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Lee SJ, Kim J, Dey J, Jin KS, Choi SM. Nanoparticle Superlattices Driven by Linker-Mediated Covalent Bonding Interaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:6691-6698. [PMID: 38899919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The stability of the nanoparticle superlattice (NPSL) is essential for realizing its broad spectrum of potential applications. Here, we report a linker-mediated covalent bonding interaction method for the synthesis of highly stable NPSLs. Adipic acid is used as a linker molecule which connects two Au NPs functionalized with 6-mercaptohexanol through esterification reactions in the presence of H2SO4. As-prepared NPSLs are mostly fcc Wulff polyhedra with a fairly narrow size distribution and are highly stable in solvents of different polarities and pHs (0-14) as well as in dry conditions and at temperatures as high as 175 °C. The formation of NPSLs involves random homogeneous nucleation simultaneously accompanied by growth, a gradual change of the growth mode from reaction-controlled to diffusion-controlled with time, and the oriented attachments of small crystals. The size of the NPSL can be easily tuned by the concentration of linker molecules and the reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jo Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwhan Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahar Dey
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Shin M, Kim H, Park G, Park J, Ahn H, Yoon DK, Lee E, Seo M. Bilayer-folded lamellar mesophase induced by random polymer sequence. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2433. [PMID: 35508536 PMCID: PMC9068626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomness is perceived in two different extremes, in macroscopic homogeneity and local heterogeneity, but apparently far away from order. Here we show that a periodic order spontaneously arises from a binary random copolymer when self-assembly occurs in an ensemble containing > 1015 possible chain sequences. A Bernoullian distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains grafted onto a linear backbone was constructed by random copolymerization. When the polymer chains associate in water, a sequence matching problem occurs because of the drastic heterogeneity in sequence: this is believed to generate local curvature mismatches which deviate from the ensemble-averaged interfacial curvature. Periodic folding of the self-assembled bilayer stabilizes the curvature instability as recurring hinges. Reminiscent of chain-folded lamellae found in polymer crystallization, this new liquid crystalline mesophase, characterized as bilayer-folded lamellae, manifests itself as an anisotropically alignable birefringent hydrogel with structural hierarchy across multiple length scales. Randomness is perceived in two different extremes, in macroscopic homogeneity and local heterogeneity, but apparently far away from order. Here, the authors show that a periodic order can spontaneously arise from an ensemble of binary random copolymer sequences to induce recurrent folding of a self-assembled bilayer structure in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Moehl GE, Nasir T, Han Y, Noori YJ, Huang R, Beanland R, Bartlett PN, Hector AL. AC-assisted deposition of aggregate free silica films with vertical pore structure. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5404-5411. [PMID: 35320330 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silica thin films with vertical nanopores are useful to control access to electrode surfaces and may act as templates for growth of nanomaterials. The most effective method to produce these films, electrochemically assisted surfactant assembly, also produces aggregates of silica particles. This paper shows that growth with an AC signal superimposed onto the potential avoids the aggregates and only very small numbers of single particles are found. This finding is linked to better control of the diffusion field of hydroxide ions that are responsible for particle growth. The resultant films are smooth, with very well-ordered hexagonal pore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles E Moehl
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Tauqir Nasir
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yisong Han
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yasir J Noori
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ruomeng Huang
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew L Hector
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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4
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Rodriguez-Palomo A, Lutz-Bueno V, Cao X, Kádár R, Andersson M, Liebi M. In Situ Visualization of the Structural Evolution and Alignment of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals in Confined Flow. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006229. [PMID: 33502102 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled materials such as lyotropic liquid crystals offer a wide variety of structures and applications by tuning the composition. Understanding materials behavior under flow and the induced alignment is wanted in order to tailor structure related properties. A method to visualize the structure and anisotropy of ordered systems in situ under dynamic conditions is presented where flow-induced nanostructural alignment in microfluidic channels is observed by scanning small angle X-ray scattering in hexagonal and lamellar self-assembled phases. In the hexagonal phase, the material in regions with high extensional flow exhibits orientation perpendicular to the flow and is oriented in the flow direction only in regions with a high enough shear rate. For the lamellar phase, a flow-induced morphological transition occurs from aligned lamellae toward multilamellar vesicles. However, the vesicles do not withstand the mechanical forces and break in extended lamellae in regions with high shear rates. This evolution of nanostructure with different shear rates can be correlated with a shear thinning viscosity curve with different slopes. The results demonstrate new fundamental knowledge about the structuring of liquid crystals under flow. The methodology widens the quantitative investigation of complex structures and identifies important mechanisms of reorientation and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Lutz-Bueno
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Xiaobao Cao
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kádár
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Centre for X-ray Analytics, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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Dey J, Lee SJ, Kim J, Lim SH, Ha JM, Lee MJ, Choi SM. Spontaneous Formation of Highly Stable Nanoparticle Supercrystals Driven by a Covalent Bonding Interaction. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:258-264. [PMID: 33372784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle supercrystals (NPSCs) are of great interest as materials with emergent properties. Different types of intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding, are present in the NPSCs fabricated to date. However, the limited structural stability of such NPSCs that results from the weakness of these intermolecular forces is a challenge. Here, we report a spontaneous formation of NPSCs driven by covalent bonding interactions, a type of intramolecular force much stronger than the above-mentioned intermolecular forces. A model solution-phase anhydride reaction is used to form covalent bonds between molecules grafted on the surface of gold nanoparticles, resulting in three-dimensional NPSCs. The NPSCs are very stable in different solvents, in dried conditions, and at temperatures as high as 160 °C. In addition to this, the large library of covalent-bond-forming reactions available and the low cost of reactants make the covalent bonding approach highly versatile and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahar Dey
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jo Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwhan Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Lim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Narayanan T, Dattani R, Möller J, Kwaśniewski P. A microvolume shear cell for combined rheology and x-ray scattering experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:085102. [PMID: 32872916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup is presented for x-ray scattering studies of soft matter under shear flow that employs a low-background coaxial capillary cell coupled to a high-resolution commercial rheometer. The rotor of the Searle type cell is attached to the rheometer shaft, which allows the application of either steady or oscillatory shear of controlled stress or rate on the sample confined in the annular space between the stator and the rotor. The shearing device facilitates ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and ultrasmall-angle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements with relatively low scattering backgrounds. This enables the elucidation of weak structural features otherwise submerged in the background and probes the underlying dynamics. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by means of a variety of colloidal systems subjected to different rheological protocols. Examples include shear deformation of a short-range attractive colloidal gel, dynamics of dilute colloids in shear flow, distortion of the structure factor of a dense repulsive colloidal suspension, shear induced ordering of colloidal crystals, and alignment of multilamellar microtubes formed by a surfactant-polysaccharide mixture. Finally, the new possibilities offered by this setup for investigating soft matter subjected to shear flow by x-ray scattering are discussed.
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Narayanan T, Konovalov O. Synchrotron Scattering Methods for Nanomaterials and Soft Matter Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E752. [PMID: 32041363 PMCID: PMC7040635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of broad range of applications of synchrotron scattering methods in the investigation of nanoscale materials. These scattering techniques allow the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of nanomaterials from sub-nm to micron size scales and down to sub-millisecond time ranges both in bulk and at interfaces. A major advantage of scattering methods is that they provide the ensemble averaged information under in situ and operando conditions. As a result, they are complementary to various imaging techniques which reveal more local information. Scattering methods are particularly suitable for probing buried structures that are difficult to image. Although, many qualitative features can be directly extracted from scattering data, derivation of detailed structural and dynamical information requires quantitative modeling. The fourth-generation synchrotron sources open new possibilities for investigating these complex systems by exploiting the enhanced brightness and coherence properties of X-rays.
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Breitwieser R, Garnier A, Auvray T, Ngo AT, Baptiste B, Menguy N, Proust A, Petit C, Volatron F, Salzemann C. Protective Effect of Polyoxometalates in {Mo 132}/Maghemite Binary Superlattices Under Annealing. Front Chem 2019; 7:830. [PMID: 31850318 PMCID: PMC6895896 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The binary assembly DDA-{Mo132}/OA-γ-Fe2O3 (DDA = didodecyldimethylammonium, {Mo132} = [Mo132O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72]42-, OA = oleic acid) constitutes one of the two examples in the literature of binary superlattices made of a mixing of nanocrystals and oxo-clusters. In a precedent work, we reported in details the preparation of such magnetic binary systems and studied the effect of the nature of the polyoxometalates (POMs) on the magnetic properties. In the present paper, we study the stability of this model binary assembly under heating at various temperatures. Indeed, especially if magnetic and/or transport properties are targeted, an annealing can be essential to change the phase of the nanocrystals in a more magnetic one and/or to desorb the organic capping of the nano-objects that can constitute an obstacle to the electronic communication between the nano-objects. We gave evidence that the maghemite organization in the binary assembly is maintained until 370°C under vacuum thanks to the presence of the POMs. This latter evolve in the phase MoO3, but still permits to avoid the aggregation of the nanocrystals as well as preserve their periodical arrangement. On the contrary, an assembly made of pure γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals displays a clear aggregation of the nano-objects from 370°C, as attested by transmission and scanning electronic microscopies and confirmed by magnetic measurements. The stability of the magnetic nanocrystals in such POMs/nanocrystals assemblies opens the way to (i) the elaboration of new binary assemblies from POMs and numerous kinds of nanocrystals with a good control on the magnetic properties and to (ii) the investigation of new physical properties as exchange coupling, or magneto-transport in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Breitwieser
- Laboratory MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8233, Paris, France.,Laboratory IPCM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Garnier
- Laboratory MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8233, Paris, France.,Laboratory IPCM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Auvray
- Laboratory MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8233, Paris, France.,Laboratory IPCM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Paris, France
| | - Anh-Tu Ngo
- Laboratory MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8233, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Baptiste
- Laboratory IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7590, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Laboratory IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7590, Paris, France
| | - Anna Proust
- Laboratory IPCM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Petit
- Laboratory MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8233, Paris, France
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Reconfigurable engineered motile semiconductor microparticles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 29725005 PMCID: PMC5934469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally energized particles form the basis for emerging classes of active matter. The design of active particles has led to their controlled locomotion and assembly. The next generation of particles should demonstrate robust control over their active assembly, disassembly, and reconfiguration. Here we introduce a class of semiconductor microparticles that can be comprehensively designed (in size, shape, electric polarizability, and patterned coatings) using standard microfabrication tools. These custom silicon particles draw energy from external electric fields to actively propel, while interacting hydrodynamically, and sequentially assemble and disassemble on demand. We show that a number of electrokinetic effects, such as dielectrophoresis, induced charge electrophoresis, and diode propulsion, can selectively power the microparticle motions and interactions. The ability to achieve on-demand locomotion, tractable fluid flows, synchronized motility, and reversible assembly using engineered silicon microparticles may enable advanced applications that include remotely powered microsensors, artificial muscles, reconfigurable neural networks and computational systems. Active particles that demonstrate life-like behavior may find use in bio-inspired technologies, but achieving on-demand reconfiguration remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate controllable, collective behavior in silicon microparticles, which are fabricated via conventional semiconductor methods.
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